WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

Science, Technology and Engineering (STE) Program

GRADE
ELECTRONICS 10

QUARTER I
LEARNING
MODULE WEEK 6

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 0

 Module in Electronics

Science, Technology and Engineering

(STE) Program

QUARTER I
WEEK 6

Electronic Hand Tools

Development Team

Writer: Richard F. Aison

Editor: Ponciano S. Raspado

Reviewer: Hamilton C. Remigio

Management Team: Vilma D. Eda, CESO V

Arnel S. Bandiola Lourdes B. Arucan

Juanito V. Labao Flenie A. Galicinao

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 1

 What I Need to Know

This module in Electronics contains information and suggested learning activities

that provides you understanding on the knowledge, skills and desirable attitudes required in
assembling consumer electronic products and systems.

In order to benefit much from this module, you should learn the uses of tools
according to the tasks to be undertaken. You should also be able to apply proper soldering
techniques.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

1. Use different tools and equipment in electronics.

2. Apply proper soldering techniques.

Learning Objectives:

1. Classify different electronic hand tools.

2. Use different tools and equipment in electronics according to the tasks to be
undertaken.

What I Know

Pre-Test:
Directions: Arrange the following statements according to their proper sequence. Write the
number for every step. Begin with number 1 as the first step, number 2 as the
second step, and so on. Use a whole sheet of paper for your answers.

Procedure in Using a Soldering Iron

Preparing the soldering iron:

________ Place the soldering iron on the stand before plugging it.
________ Wipe the tip of the soldering iron on the wet damp sponge.
________ Melt a little solder (soldering lead – 60/40) on the tip of the iron.
________ Wipe again the tip of the soldering iron on the wet damp sponge.
________ Wait for a few minutes for the soldering iron to attain its operating temperature of
about 4000C.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 2

Soldering technique:
________ Feed a little solder onto the joint.
________ Touch the soldering iron onto the joint to be made.
________ Hold the soldering iron like a pen near the base of the handle.
________ Inspect the joint closely. It should look shiny with a volcano shape.
________ Remove the solder, then the soldering iron while keeping the joint still.

Lesson
Classification of
1 Hand Tools

What’s In

Activity 1
JUMBLED WORDS

Directions: Arrange the jumbled words in a correct form that corresponds to some of the
safety requirements with the use of personal protective equipment hand tool
design, selection, and setup. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. TIEWHG -

2. CENALAB –

3. UETEOTQ TLORONC –

4. RGPI -

5. NSAP –

What’s New

TECHNICAL TERMS

Active State It is a condition of a semiconductor device that is working.

Alternating Current It is an electric current that is continually varying in value and

reversing its direction of flow at regular interval.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 3

Anode It is a positive electrode of semiconductor device.

Biasing Current It is a current supply needed by the semiconductor in order to

work properly.

Capacitance It is a property that exits whenever two conductors are

separated by insulating material, permitting the storage of
electricity.

Capacitor It is a component designed intentionally to have a definite

amount of capacitance.

Cathode It is a negative electrode of semi-conductor devices.

Circuit It is an arrangement of one or more complete paths of

electron flow.

Conductor It is a wire, cable, or other body or medium that is suitable for

carrying electric current.

Couple This is to connect two circuits so signals are transferred from

one to the other.

Current It is the rate of transfer of electricity from one point to another.

Cut-off State It is a condition of a semiconductor device that is not working.

DC Milli-Ammeter It is an instrument that measures the amount of direct current

flow in a component or circuit.

Desoldering It is a process of unsoldering unwanted parts or components

in the circuit with the support of soldering tool.

Dielectric Material It is a material that serves as insulator with poor electric

conductivity.

Direct Current It is an electric current that flows in one direction.

Discrete Components They are separated components.

Junction It is a hybrid of an electronic circuit enclosed in a single

package having an output that varies directly proportional to
the input.

Ohmmeter It is an instrument that measures the amount of resistance in

certain component or circuits.

PCB It is a Printed Circuit Board or (PCB) which is actually printed

wiring boards that have components inserted into the hole
and soldered to form its circuit connection.

Quiescent Point It is the least amount of operating current of semi-conductor

in order to work properly.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 4

Resistance It is the opposition that a component or material offers to the
flow current.

Resistor It is a component designed intentionally to have a definite

amount of resistance.

Soldering It is a process of joining two metals caused by heat

Soldering Technique It is a right process in which the solder (lead) is being applied
in a connection or in the printed circuit board.

Splicing It is defined as a joint that connect two lengths of conductor.

Voltage It is the electrical pressure that exist between two points and
capable of producing a flow of current when a close circuit is
connected between the points.

Voltmeter It is an instrument that measures the amount of electromotive

force in a component or circuit.

What is It
BASIC ELECTRONIC HAND TOOLS

DRIVING TOOLS

Screwdriver. It is a device specifically designed to insert and tighten or to loosen and remove
screws. A screwdriver comprises a head or tip which engages with a screw, a mechanism to
apply torque by rotating the tip and some way to position and support the screwdriver. A typical
hand screwdriver comprises an approximately cylindrical handle of a size and shape to be
held by a human hand and an axial shaft fixed to the handle, the tip of which is shaped to fit a
particular type of screw. The handle and shaft allow the screwdriver to be positioned and
supported when rotated to apply torque.

Flat Screwdriver. It is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws.

Figure 1. Flat Screwdriver

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 5

Phillips Screwdriver. It is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws. It is a screwdriver
that could take greater torque and can provide tighter fastenings.

Figure 2. Philips Screwdriver

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Hex (Allen Wrench). It is used to drive or fasten hexagonal screws. The head has a hexagonal
hole turned by an Allen key. An Allen key is a hexagonal shaped wrench bent in letter-L. The
Allen key was invented by an American, Gilbert F. Heublein.

Figure 3. Allen Wrench

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Precision Screwdriver Set. It is a set of small screw drivers composed of slotted and
Philips screwdrivers.

Figure 4. Precision Screwdriver Set

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 6

SOLDERING TOOLS

Soldering Iron. It is a device used for applying heat to melt solder in attaching two metal
parts. A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle. Heating is
often achieved electrically, by passing a current, supplied through an electrical cord, through
a heating element. For electrical work, wires are usually soldered to printed circuit boards,
other wires, or small terminals. A low-power iron (15-30 Watts) is suitable for this work.

Figure 5. Soldering Iron

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Some soldering irons have interchangeable tips for different types of work. Fine round
or chisel tips are typically used for electronics work. A new tip needs to be coated, heated,
and then covered with solder before its first use. This procedure is called "tinning". The tinning
forms a liquid layer which facilitates the transfer of heat to the work piece. A dirty tip does not
transfer heat well. The tip needs to be kept coated with a shiny layer of solder by occasional
wiping and applying solder directly to the tip.

Soldering Tool Stand. It is a place of the soldering iron to keep them away from flammable
materials. The stand often also comes with a sponge and flux pot for cleaning the tip.

Figure 6. Soldering Stand

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Desoldering tool. It is used for the removal of solder and components from a circuit when
troubleshooting, repair purposes and to save components. Electronic components are often
mounted on a circuit board and it is usually desirable to avoid damaging the circuit board,
surrounding components, and the component being removed.

Figure 7. De-soldering Tool

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 7

SPLICING TOOLS

Long Nose. It is used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of electronic component or
connecting wire.

Figure 8. Long Nose

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Side Cutter. It is a wire-cutting plier, though they are not used to grab or turn anything, but
are used to cut wire.

Figure 9. Side Cutter

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8
Wire Stripper. It is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters. The addition
of a center notch makes it easier to cut the insulation without cutting the wire. This type of
wire stripper is used by rotating it around the insulation while applying pressure in order to
make a cut around the insulation. Since the insulation is not bonded with the wire, it will be
pulled easily at the end.

Figure 10. Wire Stripper

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 8

BORING TOOLS

12 Volt Mini-Drill. It is used to bore or drill holes in the printed circuit board (pcb).

Figure 11. 12-Volt Mini-Drill

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Portable Electric Drill. It is used for boring hole/s in the plastic chassis or metal chassis with
the used of drill bits.

Figure 12. Portable Electric Drill

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

FILES

Metal File. It is a hand tool used to shape metals by grinding. A file series of sharp, parallel
ridges or teeth. Most files have a narrow, pointed tang at one end to which a handle can be
fitted.

Flat Files. They are parallel in width and tapered in thickness. They are used for flat surfaces
and edges.

Half Round Files. They are tapers in width and thickness, coming to a point, and are narrower
than a standard half round which are used for filing inside of rings.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 9

Round Files. They are also called rat-tail files gradually tapered and are used for many tasks
that require a round tool, such as enlarging round holes or cutting a scalloped edge.

Figure 13. Different Type of File

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

CUTTING TOOLS

Utility Knife. It is a common tool used in cutting various trades and crafts for a variety of
purposes.

Figure 14. Utility Knife

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Hacksaws. They are used for cutting metal. Some of them have pistol grips which keep the
hacksaw firm and easy to grip. The small hand-held hacksaws consist of a metal arch with a
handle that fits around a narrow, rigid blade. The blade has many small saw teeth along one
side. It can either be attached such that the teeth face away from the handle, resulting in
sawing action by pushing, or be attached such that the teeth face toward the handle, resulting
in sawing action by pulling. On the push stroke, the arch will bend a little, releasing the tension
on the blade. The blade is normally quite brittle; so extra care is needed to be taken to prevent
brittle fracture of the blade.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 10

 Figure 15. Hacksaw
Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

AUXILLARY TOOLS

Ball-peen Hammer It is a type of hammer used in metalworking. The ball-peen hammer

remains useful for many tasks such as tapping punches and chisels. The original function of
the hammer was to "peen" riveted or welded material so that it will exhibit the same elastic
behavior as the surrounding material. Specifically, striking the metal imparts a stress at the
point of impact which results in strain-hardening of that area. Strain hardening raises the
elastic limit of a material into the plastic range without affecting its ultimate strength. A strain-
hardened material will not deform under the same low stresses as a non-hardened material.
Most metals can be "worked" by such methods until they lose all of their ductile characteristics
and become strong but brittle.

Figure 16. Ball-peen Hammer

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Magnifying Glass It is a convex lens which is used to produce a magnified image of an object.
The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle (see image). Roger Bacon is the original
inventor of the magnifying glass. A magnifying glass works by creating a magnified virtual
image of an object behind the lens. The distance between the lens and the object must be
shorter than the focal length of the lens for this to occur. Otherwise, the image appears smaller
and inverted, and can be used to project images onto surfaces. The framed lens may be
mounted on a stand, keeping the lens at the right distance from the table, and therefore at the
right distance from the object on the table. The latter applies if the object is small and also if
the height is adjustable. Some magnifying glasses are foldable with built-in light

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 11

 Figure 17. Magnifying Glass
Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

Paint Brush. It is made of bristles set in handle used for cleaning dirty parts of a circuit or an
object.

Figure 18. Paint Brush

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 12

 Lesson Using Appropriate Basic
2 Electronics Hand Tools Based
on Safety Requirements

Use of Appropriate Electronic Hand Tools Based on Safety Requirements Procedure in

Using a Flat File

1. Position the metal file near the edges of the object (metal) you want to smoothen.
2. Hold the handle of the file steadily.
3. Lay the file sideways on the object work, and carefully push or pull it across the work.
4. Continue on pushing or pulling it across the work until you attain the desired smoothness of
the surface.

Procedure in Using a Hacksaw

1. Position the hacksaw blade near the object (metal) where you want to cut it. Mark a straight
line where hacksaw blade will pass.
2. Hold the handle steadily.
3. Lay the saw teeth along the surface of the object work and carefully push or pulling it across
the work.
4. Continue on pushing or pulling it across the work until you attain a complete cut of the metal.

Procedure in Using a Soldering Iron

1. Preparing the soldering iron:

a. Place the soldering iron on the stand before plugging it.
b. Wait a few minutes for the soldering iron to attain its operating temperature of about 400 0C.
c. Wipe the tip of the soldering iron on the wet damp sponge.
d. Melt a little solder (soldering lead – 60/40) on the tip of the iron.
e. Wipe again the tip of the soldering iron on the wet damp sponge.

2. Soldering technique:
a. Hold the soldering iron like a pen near the base of the handle.
b. Touch the soldering iron onto the joint to be made.
c. Feed a little solder onto the joint.
d. Remove the solder, then the soldering iron while keeping the joint still.
e. Inspect the joint closely. It should look shiny with a volcano shape.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 13

 What’s More

Safety Requirements with the Use of Personal Protective Equipment

Hand Tool Design, Selection, and Setup

1. Weight. Use the lightest weight tool possible to avoid injury. Excessively heavy tools should
be equipped with the use of mechanical support and attached hoses should be supported.

Support and equip tools with the use of mechanical support so you don't need to hold
them continuously while working. If a mechanical support cannot be provided, the work
station should be designed so you can put the tool down or rest in a holster when it is not
in use.

Figure 19. Weight Tool

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

2. Balance. Additional force is required to use a badly balanced tool. The tool's center of
gravity should be closed to the body, to the handles, and in line with the center of the hands
holding the tool. Also, the weight of an unsupported hose can unbalance a tool.

Figure 20. Balancing

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

3. Torque Control. High torque requires a lot of force to keep the tool from rotating out of your
hand. Torque settings should be set to the minimum required by job specifications,
especially for in-line and pistol-shaped tools.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 14

 Figure 21. Torque Control
Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

4. Grip. Tool handles should allow stable and efficient grip. The handle should be cylindrical
or oval in shape, with a diameter of between 1.25 and 1.75 inches. Tool handles should
contact as much of the hand and fingers as possible. Grips should be made of non-slip
compressible and non-conductive material. However, if the task requires fine
manipulations, a small handle and a precision grip are preferred. Handles should not press
on the base of the palm. Use tools with long handles or handles which are large and
rounded enough to distribute the force over a large area of the palm. Avoid form-fitting
handles (handles with finger grooves), since they may not fit the hand size of every user.
Handles should be kept clean of slippery grease, oil, or sweat.

Figure 22. Improper and Proper Gripping

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

5. Span. For two-handled manual tools, like scissors, the open span should be about 4 inches
and the closed span should be about 1.5 inches.

Figure 23. Span

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 15

6. Spring-loaded handles. A spring-loaded mechanism saves muscular effort and reduces
mechanical stress on the backs and sides of fingers for such tools as scissors, pliers, and
other manual cutting and gripping tools which have to be opened and closed repeatedly
during use.

Figure 24. Spring-loaded handles

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

7. Choose the right tool shape. Pistol-shaped tools should be used on a vertical surface or
on a horizontal surface below waist height. Bend the tool, not the wrist.

8. Avoid bending over your work.

Figure 25. Improper and Proper Bending

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

9. Avoid overhead work. Use a ladder to reduce the need for outstretched arms.

Figure 26. Avoid overhead work

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 16

10. Keep the elbows close to the body.

Figure 27. Keep the elbows close to the body

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

11. Tilt the work surface instead of the wrist.

Figure 28. Tilt the work surface instead of the wrist

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

12. Stand with your weight evenly distributed between feet. When standing for long
periods of time, rest one foot on a sturdy

Figure 29. Standing with your weight

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 17

13. Sit up straight so the chair offers good back support. Adjust the chair back so that it
will support the natural curve of the lower back. Adjust the seat height to allow thighs to
be in parallel to the floor.

Figure 30. Improper and Proper Sitting

Source: IA- Electronics LM Grade 7 & 8

What I Have Learned

It is necessary to familiarize ourselves with the classification of electronic hand tools

and the safety requirements on the use of personal protective equipment hand tool design,
selection, and setup as well as applying proper soldering techniques.

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Draw the following electronic hand tools on a long bond paper and label them.

1. Portable Electric Drill 7. Flat Screw Driver

2. Soldering Stand 8. Long Nose
3. Soldering Iron 9. Side Cutter
4. Desoldering Pump 10. Hacksaw
5. Wire Stripper 11. Paint Brush
6. 12 Volts Mini-Drill 12. Magnifying Glass

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 18

 Assessment

A. Safety Requirement Procedure

Directions: Write the safety requirement procedure indicated in each number on a separate
sheet of paper.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 19

B. Matching Type.
Directions: Match the given tools (Column A) with their corresponding functions (Column B).
Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
1. Ball-peen Hammer A. It is used for applying heat to melt solder in attaching
two metal parts.
2. Paint Brush B. It is used to cut wire.
3. Soldering Iron C. It is useful for many tasks such as tapping punches
and chisels.
4. 12 Volt Mini-Drill D. It is used for holding, bending and stretching the lead
of electronic component or connecting wire.
5. Side Cutter E. It is used to produce a magnified image of an object.
6. Magnifying Glass F. It is used for cleaning dirty parts of a circuit or an
object.
7. Long Nose G. It is a place of the soldering iron to keep them away
from flammable materials.
8. Portable Electric Drill H. It is used for the removal of solder and components
from a circuit when trouble-shooting, repair purposes,
and to save components.
9. Soldering Stand I. It is used for boring hole/s in the plastic chassis or
metal chassis with the used of drill bits.
10. De-soldering Tool J. It is used to bore or drill holes in the printed circuit
board.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 20

21 Electronics (Grade 10) Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
ASSESSMENT
B. Matching Type
A.
1) Avoid bending over your work 1. c 6. e
2) Use a ladder to reduce the need for outstretched arms 2. f 7. d
3. a 8. i
3) Sit up straight so the chair offers good back support. 4. j 9. g
4) Stand with weight evenly distributed between feet 5. b 10. h
5) Torque settings should be set to the minimum level as
required by the job specifications
ACTIVITY 2
ACTIVITY 1
JUMBLED WORDS
1.WEIGHT
2. BALANCE
3. TORQUE CONTROL
4. GRIP
5. SPAN
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Preparing the soldering iron: Soldering technique:
2 2
5 1
3 3
1 5
4 4
Answer Key
References

Buban, Peter & Schmitt, Marshall. (1972). Technical Electricity and Electronics. New York: Mc
Graw-Hill.

Grob, Bernard. (1977). Basic Electronics, 4th Edition. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Company.

Grob, Bernard. (1982). Electronics Circuits and Application; USA: McGraw-Hill Company.

Markus, John. (1945). Electronics Dictionary, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Company.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 22

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Electronics (Grade 10) 23