• A cause is the reason why

something happens. When talking

about causes in English, use
Introduction
• Reason แปลว่า เหตุผล • ตัวอย่างในภาษาไทย เราจะใช้คาว่า “เพราะ”/
“ทาให้”/ “เนื่องจาก” เช่น
• Result แปลว่า ผลลัพธ์
• อิทธิกร มาโรงเรียนสายเนื่องจากเขาเล่นเกมส์
• Reason ทาให้เกิด result จนนอนดึก
• เพราะเขาทิ้งชลิตาไป ชลิตาจึงบินไปศัลยกรรม
ที่เกาหลี
 Result Reason
• I have not eaten a thing since Harold left me.

Result Reason
• They’re rather expensive since they’re quite hard to
find.
Reason
• Since everything can be done from home with computers and
telephones, there’s no need to dress up for work anymore.
Result
 Result Reason
• She spoke quietly because she didn’t want Catherine to hear.

Result Reason
• We’ll come over on Sunday because David’s got to work on
Saturday.
Reason
• Because breathing is something we do automatically,
we rarely think about it.
Result
 Result Reason
• She spoke quietly because she didn’t want Catherine to hear.

Result Reason
• We’ll come over on Sunday because David’s got to work on
Saturday.
Reason
• Because breathing is something we do automatically,
we rarely think about it.
Result
• Notice that when you use because at the beginning
of the sentence, you must use a comma (,) after
the first part (which is called the adverb clause.)

• We’ll come over on Sunday because David’s got to work on

Saturday.

• Because breathing is something we do automatically,

we rarely think about it.
• Read the sentence carefully.
• Identify the sentence, which is result and reason.

Reason Result
• Because I didn’t get enough sleep, I feel tired today.

2. Because it’s raining outside, I’ll bring my umbrella with me.

3. They got lost because they didn’t have a map.

 • Read the sentence carefully.
• Identify the sentence, which is result and reason.

4. I need to learn how to use this software since I don’t have any
experience.

5. Since I am on a diet, I can’t eat any sweets.

6. I won’t be able to attend the party tonight since I have a lot of work to do.
• Read the sentence carefully.
• Identify the sentence, which is result and reason.

Reason Result
• Because I didn’t get enough sleep, I feel tired today.

Reason Result
2. Because it’s raining outside, I’ll bring my umbrella with me.

Result Reason
3. They got lost because they didn’t have a map.
 • Read the sentence carefully.
• Identify the sentence, which is result and reason.

Result Reason
4. I need to learn how to use this software since I don’t have any
experience.

Reason Result
5. Since I am on a diet, I can’t eat any sweets.

Result Reason
6. I won’t be able to attend the party tonight since I have a lot of work to do.
Giving reason
and result
• Students work on group or
individual
• The teacher will give some
sentence that start with
reason or result.
• Members brainstorm and
write the result or reason that
relates to the given clause
and share.
• เดวิดโดนบอกเลิก เพราะ ............................................
• น้องดอกไม้ชอบเรียนภาษาอังกฤษเพราะ
• เพราะเรมี่นอนดึก เรมี่จงึ ................................
Try to give some result or reason
Use your imagination
Try to give some result or reason
Use your imagination
• A consequence is the result of an action. When
talking about consequence in English use

• So แปลว่า ดังนั้น...
• That’s why แปลว่า นั่นเป็นเหตุผลที่ทาไม...
• "That's why" sounds like somebody had asked a question
or say something first, and this is the answer:

• An asteroid hit the earth and that's why the dinosaurs

all became extinct.

• He forgot his wallet - that's why I had to lend him 100

baht.

• You don’t send any assignment - that’s why you got “I”.
• "So" also implies that one thing naturally leads to the other.
But it doesn't sound like somebody asked a question first.

• I got bored halfway through the movie so I left.

• He forgot his wallet so I lent him

$20.

• There weren’t enough chairs, so I had to sit on the floor.

 • Read the sentence carefully.
• Rewrite these sentences using since, because, so or that’s
why. There are many different option

A. Now, There are more traffic jams. There are more cars in the city.

Now, there are more cars in the city, that’s why there are more traffic
jams.

B. People cycle a lot in Vancouver. They are healthy.

Because people cycle a lot in Vancouver, they are healthy.
C. There are supermarkets downtown. People don’t need to drive to do
their grocery shopping.
People don’t need to drive to do their grocery shopping since there
are supermarkets downtown.

D. People don’t use a lot of energy in the summer or the winter. Modern
buildings are well-insulated. (เป็นฉนวนอย่างดี)

Modern buildings are well-insulated so people don’t use a lot of energy in

the summer or the winter.