COLLEGE DEPARTMENT

Second Semester, School Year 2021-2022 ___/60

ECOSYSTEM 101 – WORKSHEET #2

NAME: _Johnny Alangcas____ DATE: __09/08/2022__

YEAR & SECTION: __BSRT-1A____ INSTRUCTOR: PROF. JENNY CHUA, M.SC.

I. True or False. Write true if the statement is true and false if the statement is false. (15 points)
__True_ 1. Ecology is usually considered to be a branch of biology.
__False___ 2. The environment of an organism includes only nonliving physical
factors.
__True____ 3. An important ecological issue is the rapid growth of the human
population.
__True____ 4. A community is the biotic component of an ecosystem.
__False____ 5. An ecosystem is always closed in terms of energy.
__True____ 6. All organisms use organic compounds for energy.
__True____ 7. Energy flows from producers and consumers to decomposers.
__False____ 8. The water cycle ends when precipitation falls and returns to the
ocean.
__True_____ 9. All chemical elements that are needed by living things are recycled in
ecosystems.
__False____ 10. Of living things, only producers need nitrogen.

II. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the best answer. (5 points)
___A_____ 1. Abiotic components of the environment include ______________.
A. air temperature B. other species C. producers D. consumers

___D____ 2. Aspects of a species’ habitat include ______________.

A. the average rainfall it B. the amount of sunlight it C. the D. all of the above
range of receives gets temperatures it
experiences

___A____ 3. What is the main contribution of autotrophs to ecosystems?

A. organic molecules such B. elements such as C. carbon dioxide D. water

as glucose nitrogen

___A_____ 4. A food web is best described as a diagram of ____________.

 A. feeding relationships in B. energy flow among C. calories available to D. nutrients
an ecosystem producers primary consumers present in certain
foods

___D____ 5. Nitrogen-fixing organisms in aquatic ecosystems are

A. plants B. large fish C. zooplanktons D. cyanobacteria

III. Short Essay. Explain the following questions concisely. (10 points each) 1-10. How do ecosystems
obtain energy?

An ecosystem has a flow of energy rather than an energy cycle. It is a flow of energy rather
than a cycle since new energy must be continuously introduced from outside into an
ecosystem. In the first step, the ecosystem must be supplied with energy from outside in the
form of sunlight. Plants and algae (producers) can use the sun's energy to produce organic
materials from inorganic substances through photosynthesis. The energy is now stored in it
in the form of carbohydrates. The producers are then eaten by herbivorous animals (primary
consumers). As a result, they absorb the energy in the form of carbohydrates. If they are now
eaten by carnivorous animals (secondary consumers), the energy is passed on again. Dead
animals, plants and organic waste such as feces or fallen leaves are decomposed by
decomposers. They also absorb energy as a result. The flow of energy in an ecosystem
decreases steadily from the producers to the decomposers. Energy is passed from living
thing to living thing through food. All in all, this means that energy has to be fed into the
ecosystem from outside again and again.

11-20. What role do decomposers play in the ecosystem?

Producers continually withdraw nutrients from the environment as they grow. However, to
ensure that there is no nutrient deficiency in the long term, the inorganic nutrients taken in by
the producers and consumers must be returned to their usable initial state. This is the task of
the decomposers: They convert dead organic material into inorganic nutrient, making the
nutrients available/usable again for producers. This remineralization is a positive side effect
for the ecosystem. In ecosystems, decomposers act as a functioning unit. They are very
important to an ecosystem's ability to function. Because the material cycle cannot occur in
ecosystems without decomposers.
IV. Free Response. Complete the diagram below. (20 points)

Example, shark eating a fish is

predation.

Example, mallards in a Example of this is vultures,

which follow larger
pond are in competition
predators such as lions to
for food and habitat
feed on the remains of
with swans. their prey.
The act of one animal consuming
another is known as predation.
Both the prey being eaten and the
predator consuming the prey are
constants. While the prey indirectly
affects the predator's population,
the predator actively reduces the
If two different species live When the interaction between
prey population.
in the same habitat and two species is positive for one
fight for the same species and neutral for the
resource, such as food or other, it is called
breeding grounds, this is commensalism.
called competition.

Parasitism is a relationship
where an organism that Mutualism is a relationship
coexists in a small group at the between any two living
expense of its host by feeding things that is beneficial to
on it or using it in some other
both species.
way. The host is frequently
injured but not killed.

Example, clownfish live with sea

Example of this is mosquitoes, anemones, and are protected by
which feed on the blood of their tentacles. In return, the clown
humans and other mammals. fish chase away the anemone's
predators.