The Role of Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra

A comparative study between technical analysis and
fundamental analysis as a tool for investment decisions
A Project Submitted to
University of Mumbai for completion

of the degree of
Bachelor of Management Studies
By
Aryan Agrahari
Roll No. 2
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Dr. Jagruti Darji
K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce

Charni Road, Mumbai – 400004.
April, 2024
K. P. B. Hinduja College of
Commerce Charni Road, Mumbai
– 400004.
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Aryan Agrahari, Roll No. 2 has worked and duly completed
his Project Work for the degree of Bachelor of Management Studies and his project is
entitled, “A comparative study between technical analysis and fundamental analysis as a
tool for investment decisions” under my supervision.
I further certify that the entire work has been done by the learner under my guidance
and that no part of it has been submitted previously for any Degree or Diploma of any
University.
It is her own work and facts reported by her personal findings and investigations.
Name and Signature

of Guiding Teacher
Name and Signature

of External
Examiner
Date of Submission: June 2023.

Declaration By Learner
I, the undersigned Mr. Aryan Agrahari hereby, declare that the work embodied in this
project work titled “A comparative study between technical analysis and fundamental
analysis as a tool for investment decisions” forms my own contribution to the research
work carried out under the guidance of Prof. Jagruti Darji is a result of my own
research work and has not been previously submitted to any other University for any
other Degree/Diploma to this or any other University.
Wherever reference has been made to previous works of others, it has been clearly
indicated as such and included in the bibliography.
I, here by further declare that all information of this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct.
Aryan Agrahari
(Name and Signature of the Learner)
Certified by
Prof. Dr. Jagruti Darji

(Name and Signature of Guiding Teacher)
Acknowledgement
“True teachers use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to
cross; then, having facilitated their crossing, joyfully collapse, encouraging them to
create bridges of their own.”
— Nikos Kazantzakis
I would be derelict in my duty if I fail to acknowledge the following people as being

idealistic channels that have helped me navigate my journey to the completion of this
project.
I would like to thank the University of Mumbai for providing me with the opportunity
to create this project that has further expanded my knowledge.
I would like to thank my Principal, Dr. Minu B Madlani for providing the necessary
facilities required for the completion of this project.
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regard to our
Coordinator and my Project Guide, Prof. Dr. Jagruti Darji for her moral support and
advice. She has been an exemplary source of guidance and valuable feedback. Her
valuable suggestions, constant encouragement and perceptive criticism have been of
immense help throughout my project work. Working under her has been an extremely
knowledgeable experience for me.
I would like to thank my College Library for providing various reference books and
magazines related to my project.
Lastly, I would like to thank every person who has directly or indirectly helped me in
the completion of the project, especially my Parents and Peers who supported me
throughout my project.
INDEX
SR. PAGE
CHAPTERS
NO. NO.
Executive Summary 1
1 Introduction
1.1 Meaning of Tourism 2

1.2 Impact of COVID-19 on the
6
Tourism Industry
1.3 Tourism in Maharashtra 7

1.4 Impact of COVID-19 on the
14
Tourism Industry in Maharashtra
1.5 Recent Development of Tourism
17
in Maharashtra
1.6 Experimental Tourism in
22
Maharashtra
2 Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra
2.1 Introduction to Eco-Tourism 27
2.2 Introduction to Eco-Tourism in

32
Maharashtra
2.3 Ecological Diversity in
36
Maharashtra
2.4 Different types of Eco-Tourism 40
2.5 Eco-Tourism Destinations in

42
Maharashtra
2.6 Sustainable Tourism Practices 63
2.7 Community Involvement and

75
Socio-economic Impact
3 Role of Eco-Tourism in
Maharashtra
3.1 Need and Importance of

77
Implementation of Eco-Tourism
3.2 Drawbacks of Eco-Tourism in
81
Maharashtra
3.3 How to become an Eco-Tourist? 83
3.4 Successful examples of

community-led Eco- 85
Tourism
Projects in Maharashtra
3.5 Future of Eco-Tourism in
89
Maharashtra
4 Review of Literature 91
5 Research Methodology
5.1 Research Statement 94
5.2 Research Objectives 94
5.3 Research Design 95
5.4 Sampling Method 95
5.5 Sampling Design 95
5.6 Data Collection 96
5.7 Analysis of Data 96
5.8 Limitations 96
6 Data Analysis and Interpretation
6.1 Analysis of Primary Data 97

7 Findings and Conclusions 131
8 Bibliography 133
9 Annexure - Questionnaire 135

The Role of Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Tourism is often described as an extensive industry that generates numerous opportunities

for relaxation and financial gain. One of the most significant advancements in the travel
sector today is the ability to embark on lifelong journeys, supported by the assistance of
local inhabitants and a plethora of captivating destinations. Eco-tourism plays a notable
role in accomplishing sustainable development, encompassing progress in various aspects
for nations and individuals. Eco-tourism serves as a component of environmental
preservation and enhances the quality of life by revitalizing local regions and their
inhabitants. Additionally, it entails acquiring knowledge about the historical significance
of a place and preserving its important landmarks.
To use technical terminology: Eco-tourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form

of responsible travel that focuses on exploring natural environments while minimizing
negative environmental impacts and supporting local communities. It is a sustainable
approach to tourism that seeks to preserve and protect a destination's natural and cultural
heritage.
Eco-tourism promotes environmental conservation by emphasizing the principles of

biodiversity, conservation, and sustainability. It encourages visitors to engage in activities
with a low impact on the ecosystem, such as nature walks, wildlife observation, and
responsible camping. This type of tourism also aims to educate travellers about the
importance of environmental preservation and promote a greater understanding of local
cultures and traditions.
Through this project, I would like to study The Role of Eco-tourism, focusing on its
significance in Maharashtra.
K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 MEANING OF TOURISM
Tourism refers to the activity of travelling for leisure, recreation, or business purposes
to destinations outside one's usual environment. It involves the movement of people
from their place of origin to another location, typically for a limited duration of time.
Tourism encompasses a wide range of activities and experiences, including visiting

natural attractions, historical sites, and cultural landmarks, participating in outdoor
adventures, engaging in recreational activities, attending events and festivals, exploring
different cuisines, and more. It can involve both domestic travel within one's own
country and international travel across borders.
Tourism plays a significant role in the global economy, generating revenue, creating
jobs, and contributing to the development of communities and regions. It is often
considered an important industry for many countries, particularly those with unique
natural, cultural, or historical assets that attract visitors.

Different types of Tourism
Different types of tourism exist to cater to diverse interests and preferences. Some
common forms of tourism include:
 Leisure Tourism: This type of tourism involves travelling for pleasure, relaxation,
and recreation. It can include activities such as beach vacations, spa retreats,
sightseeing, and engaging in recreational pursuits like hiking, skiing, or water
sports.
 Cultural Tourism: Cultural tourism focuses on exploring the customs, traditions,

arts, and heritage of different societies. Travellers engage in activities such as
visiting museums, historical sites, attending cultural events, and immersing
themselves in the local traditions and lifestyles.
 Adventure Tourism: Adventure tourism appeals to those seeking adrenaline-

pumping experiences and outdoor adventures. It includes activities like trekking,
mountain climbing, scuba diving, wildlife safaris, and other physically challenging
and exciting pursuits.
 Sustainable/Eco-Tourism: Also known as responsible or eco-friendly tourism,

sustainable tourism promotes environmentally friendly practices, supports local
communities, and aims to preserve the natural and cultural resources of a destination
for future generations.
 Business Tourism: Business tourism, also referred to as MICE (Meetings,

Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions), involves traveling for business-related
purposes such as attending conferences, meetings, trade shows, and corporate
events.

It is important to note that tourism can have both positive and negative impacts on
destinations. While it can contribute to economic growth and cultural exchange, it can

also strain a community's environment, local infrastructure, and socio-cultural aspects.

Sustainable tourism practices aim to minimize these negative impacts and maximize the
benefits for travellers’ and host communities.
Features of Tourism
The core features of tourism can be summarized as follows:
 Travel and Movement: Tourism involves the movement of individuals from their
place of residence or origin to a different location, often outside their usual
environment. It entails transportation, such as air travel, road trips, cruises, or train
journeys, to reach the desired destination.
 Temporary Stay: Tourism typically involves a temporary stay at the destination. It

can range from short visits of a few hours to longer durations, including overnight
stays, weekend getaways, or extended vacations. The duration of the stay can vary
depending on the purpose of travel and personal preferences.
 Leisure and Recreation: Tourism is often associated with leisure, recreation, and
enjoyment. It offers individuals an opportunity to relax, unwind, and engage in
activities that provide entertainment and pleasure. This can include visiting
attractions, participating in recreational activities, or simply immersing oneself in
the local culture and atmosphere.
 Purposeful Activity: Tourism involves purposeful activity and intention. People

engage in tourism with a specific purpose or motivation, such as experiencing new
cultures, exploring natural landscapes, visiting historical sites, attending events,
engaging in adventure activities, or conducting business-related activities.
 Destination Focus: Tourism revolves around a chosen destination. Travelers select

a particular place to visit, which may be motivated by natural beauty, cultural

attractions, historical significance, recreational opportunities, or business interests.

The destination is the primary focal point for planning and organizing the travel
experience.
 Economic Impact: Tourism has a significant economic impact on both the

destination and the traveller’s origin. It generates revenue and employment
opportunities in the tourism industry, stimulates local businesses, and contributes to
the overall economic development of a region. Additionally, tourists spend money
on accommodations, transportation, dining, shopping, and various tourism-related
activities, thereby supporting the local economy.
 Interactions and Experiences: Tourism involves interactions between tourists and

the local community and between tourists. It provides opportunities for cultural
exchange, social interactions, and the creation of memorable experiences. Tourists
have the chance to engage with locals, learn about their customs and traditions,
sample local cuisine, and gain a deeper understanding of the destination.
 Infrastructure and Services: Destinations typically develop infrastructure and

services tailored to visitors' needs and preferences to support tourism. This includes
accommodations, restaurants, transportation systems, tourist information centres,
recreational facilities, and other amenities that enhance the travel experience and
ensure the comfort and convenience of tourists.
It's important to note that the core features of tourism can vary depending on the
specific type of tourism, the purpose of travel, and the characteristics of the destination.
However, the aspects mentioned above are fundamental to the concept of tourism.

1.2 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
(Cetin, 2020) Tourism has become a major global industry with an annual average
growth rate of 4-5%. It also creates 8% of global GDP and 10% of employment
(WTO,2020). Yet it is also very vulnerable to crises of different origin such as natural
disasters, epidemics, economic crises, political crises, and terror. Because tourism
product (e.g., hotel beds, airline seats, restaurant tables, guide services) is perishable,
unlike physical goods, they cannot be stored for future use. Past crises with few
exceptions (e.g., 2008 Financial Crisis) had regional impacts and their global impact on
tourism volume was limited. Yet, considering the speed and impact, Covid-19 is the most
serious crises tourism industry has ever faced. This crisis is estimated to have a seven-
time larger impact on tourism than the 2008 Financial Crises. The effects of Covid-19 are
expected to extend for eight months and result in a decrease of 39% in global tourism
volume. Tourism Industry is expected to recover to 2019 pre-crises levels not before
2023.
Tourism is among the first and most severely affected industries from Covid-19. The first
response to pandemic was to close the borders and limit human mobility. Moreover,
tourism demand is not based on a physical need and can be postponed. The recovery is
expected to start form domestic tourism and continue with recovered destination which
were usually first affected (e.g., Far East, Europe than America). Considering we already
lost the high season in Summer, the primary target starting from September is likely to be
the third age group, who are retired, have more leisure time and stable income.
No matter the scenario, tourism will see a sharp and long-term decrease in tourism
spending as this pandemic will have economic ripple effects. The purchasing power will
decline significantly. The business travel will also continue to shrink as virtual meetings
and online systems started to take over. Yet, this period can also be seen as an
opportunity to fix structural problems in the industry concerning sustainability, over-
tourism, climate change, and destination governance.

1.3 TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
With its diverse landscapes and vibrant culture, Maharashtra has emerged as one of
India's most popular tourist destinations. From bustling cities to serene hill stations,
from ancient caves to pristine beaches, the state offers many experiences that cater to
the interests of all kinds of travellers. Maharashtra attracts tourists from other Indian
states and foreign countries.
It was the second most-visited Indian state by foreigners and the fifth-most-visited state
by domestic tourists in the country in 2021. Aurangabad is the tourism capital of
Maharashtra.
Metropolitan Areas of Tourism in Maharashtra
 Mumbai:
The Gateway to Maharashtra Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra, is a bustling
metropolis and the gateway to the state. Known as the "City of Dreams," it offers a
vibrant mix of modernity and tradition. It is also the financial and entertainment
(Bollywood) capital of India.
Places of interest include Gateway of India, The Bandra-Worli Sea Link,
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus,
Girgaon Chowpatty Beach, Madh Island Beach and other beaches towards the south
of Mumbai. Elephanta Caves, carved out of a giant stone on an island, is a short
ferry away into the Arabian Sea.
Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai, is one of the most popular temples of Ganesha in
Mumbai. Along with being a religious place, it is a great attraction for tourists.
Due to its cosmopolitan nature, Mumbai has proven a popular tourism destination
most often visited by Indians.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Taj Mahal Palace & Tower
Gateway of India The Haji Ali Mosque
Rajabai Clock Tower Flora Fountain Siddhivinayak Temple

 Pune:
The Cultural Hub Pune, known as the cultural capital of Maharashtra, is a city
steeped in history and heritage.
Pune district has been at the centre of the History of Maharashtra for more than four
hundred years, beginning with the Deccan sultanates and followed by the Maratha
Empire.
The district has several mountain forts and buildings from these eras and shrines
revered by Marathi Hindus. The British designated Pune as the monsoon capital of
the Bombay Presidency. Hill stations such as Lonavala and Khandala also date back
to the Raj and remain popular with residents of Pune and Mumbai for holidays.
The Western part of the Pune district is dotted with the ruins of many mountain forts
from the Deccan Sultanates and the Maratha Empire eras, respectively. These forts
and the surrounding hills with forests are popular with people interested in trekking,
hiking and Heritage tourism.
Shaniwarwada Mula and Mutha rivers Bhimashankar Temple
 Nashik:
Land of Pilgrimage and Wine Nashik, located in the western ghats of Maharashtra,
is a city known for its religious significance and vineyards.

It is a major pilgrimage site for Hindus, with the famous Trimbakeshwar Temple
dedicated to Lord Shiva. Nashik is also India's wine capital, and a visit to its
vineyards and wineries is a must for wine enthusiasts.
Pandavleni Caves Trimbakeshwar Temple
 Aurangabad:
The Ajanta Caves and Ellora Caves, which lie on the outskirts of Aurangabad, are
internationally renowned for man-made caves and intricate carvings.
Ajanta and Ellora Caves are UNESCO World Heritage sites. Ellora is notable for
having a unique monolithic vertically excavated building known as Kailasa temple;
Ellora and Ajanta Caves are notable for Lord Buddha in stone. Ancient Buddhist life
is depicted in the delicate stonework.
While Ajanta is a completely Buddhist cave, Ellora caves belong to Buddhism,
Hinduism, and Jainism. Summers are not advisable for touring as temperatures can
reach up to and above 44 degrees C during the day.
Other famous places of interest include Bibi Ka Maqbara (The Taj Mahal of
Deccan), Daulatabad Fort, Panchakki, Sunheri Mahal, etc. Aurangabad has good
connectivity by air, road, and railways. Aurangabad is the tourism capital of
Maharashtra.

Kailash Temple in Ellora Caves Elephanta Caves
Ajanta Caves Bibi Ka Maqbara
 Nagpur:
Nagpur City is known as the City of Oranges. Nagpur is also known as the second
greenest city in India due to the number of trees in the city. Tourism in Nagpur is
due to the large number of National Parks/Wildlife Sanctuaries surrounding Nagpur.
All of these sanctuaries have Tiger as their major attractions.
Two notable National Parks around Nagpur are Pench National Park and Tadoba
National Park. In recent years, Tadoba National Park gained much importance
among wildlife enthusiasts nationally and internationally due to the high probability
of sighting Tigers.
The other wildlife sanctuaries include Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary, Melghat Tiger
Reserve, Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary, Kanha
National Park, and Satpura National Park.

Besides these, Nagpur has much historical significance. Deekshabhoomi - where Dr.
Babasaheb Ambedkar and lakhs of the so-called lower caste who were deemed
untouchables by the Hindu caste system embraced Buddhism.
Another important place to visit is Tekadi Ganesh Mandir on the Sitabuildi Fort
complex. The city has other places of tourist importance, such as Maharajbagh Zoo
and Futala Lake Chowpati.
Deekshabhoomi Dargah Baba Tajuddin
The scenic beauty of Pench Tiger Reserve and Tadoba Andhari tiger reserve
 Satara:
Satara lies in the western part of Maharashtra. It is known for tourist places like
Mahabaleshwar, Wai, and Panchgani and rivers like Koyna and Krishna.
Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani are one of the famous tourist places in India. Krishna
originates at Mahabaleswar near the Jor village in the extreme north of the Wai
district.

The Kaas plateau is also one of Satara's most popular tourist attractions. This
plateau falls under the Sahyadri Sub Cluster of Western Ghats, now a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
The Kas Plateau Reserved Forest, also known as the Kaas Pathar

1.4 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN

MAHARASHTRA
The Sars-Cov-2 originated in central China’s Hubei province, which is situated in

Wuhan City. It was spread at the end of 2019. Covid19 is an infectious disease that
affects the lungs of the human body. It mostly affects old age people and, people
suffering from respiratory disease, diabetes, and people with weak immune systems etc.
[WHO, 2020}. Covid 19 arose in January 2020 and started showing its effects in India
by the end of February 2020, leading to a nationwide lockdown.
The World Health Organisation declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020, and countries-
imposed lockdowns to prevent the virus's rapid spread. The virus infected three crore
people in India and claimed more than four lakhs’ deaths. [The NY Times, 2021].
Maharashtra recorded the highest number of cases in India. The virus ceased the
worldwide economic activities holding back businesses and making the employees;
labours return to their hometowns. This increased the unemployment rate, estimated at
around 12.2 crore employees losing their jobs. [The Hindu, 2020].
The tourism Industry was completely shut down, and because of this, tourists were
panicking and rushing to their home countries. At the Initial stage, no suitable
medicines and vaccines were available to treat the disease. The government adopted
non- Pharmaceutical Intervention (NPI) to reduce the spread of the virus outbreak. The
government imposed 14-day quarantine for people coming from foreign countries. The
quarantine was even mandatory for people without visible symptoms. The government
advised the people to maintain social distancing, using hand sanitisers and wearing
masks. etc., to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The Indian tourism Industry is
one of the major driving forces of economic development of the service sector in India.
India is known for its traditions, cultures, numerous festivals, and exceptional
hospitality. India attracts many foreign tourists because of its cultural heredity and
different type of festivals. The tourism industry is growing day by day. The arrival of

foreign tourists is

increasing. In India, 16.91 lakh crore was generated from the tourism sector, calculated
by the world travel and tourism sector in 2018, which makes up 9.2% of India’s GDP.
Due to the rapidly growing infected cases, section 188 was implemented, and people
gatherings were strictly prohibited. A significant drop was seen in international tourists,
estimating a 78% drop in 1.2 trillion US dollars in tourism revenue. Also, major job cuts
were realised in the tourism sector, and the decline in tourist demand led to financial
problems.
Maharashtra is the second most visited state in India by foreigners. Maharashtra is

known for its caves and forts. Maharashtra is also called the hub of the entertainment
industry, i.e., Bollywood. The government is taking many steps to preserve
Maharashtra’s culture and traditions and promote tourism. Maharashtra tourism mainly
focuses on improving its infrastructure to broaden the industry. It offers different types
of destinations for its tourists – cultural, historical and religious etc. Maharashtra
confirmed its first case on 9 March 2020. It was the worst infected state in India. The
tourism and hospitality sector were badly affected, where more than 2000 restaurants
and hotels under FHRAI (Federation of Hotels Restaurant Association of India) were
closed, providing employment to lakhs of people. The Tourism sector had to face the
unpleasant consequences of the outbreak.
As of 2021, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra has inaugurated many initiatives in the
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Vol 3, no 1, pp 764-771,
January 2022, to improve the tourism sector after covid. The tourism ministry of
Maharashtra signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) with e-travel companies to
promote government properties. The government also initiated adventurous sports and
outdoors activities. The tourism ministry signed MoU with the Maharashtra State
Institute of Hotel Management and Catering Technology in Pune. The goal of the chief
minister of Maharashtra is to improve the infrastructure of Maharashtra and to create
more tourist attractions. The government is working on MTDC (Maharashtra Tourism
Development Corporation) by launching new clubs, renovating and even creating a

new website of

MTDC. The aim is to boost tourism development which will go a long way and help to
reconstruct the sector into pre-pandemic levels.
The Indian Tourism Statistics 2022 report reveals India received 677.63 million domestic
tourist visits in 2021. The percentage has increased by 11.05% from 610.22 in 2020. The
top states in terms of domestic visits were Tamil Nadu at 115.33 million, Uttar Pradesh at
109.70 million, Andhra Pradesh at 93.27 million, and Karnataka at 81.33 million. It’s
interesting to note that the dynamics of travel worldwide now appear entirely different
from before two extremely chaotic and passive years. 2021 saw the beginning of the
recovery for the country’s tourism sector, with the maximum number of countries
contributing to Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) numbers in India. Total FTAs in India
surged by 406.6% to 2,764,975 from January-July 2022 compared to the previous year.
During this period, the US was the top contributor to FTAs in India, at 25.88%, followed
by Bangladesh (18.61%), the UK (10.99%), and Australia (5.16%); the US was among
the top 15 source nations. The survey discovers that wanderlust abounds with a strong
desire to seize the experiences that travel offers in the post-Covid climate. Taj Mahal
became the most-visited ticketed ASI Site for Domestic tourists in FY 21-23, followed by
the Red Fort and the Qutub Minar, which received the second and third most visitors. The
sharp rise in FTAs results from many driving forces, including the COVID-19
Vaccination campaign, the ‘Heal in India’ and ‘Heal by India’ campaigns announced by
the Indian Government in May 2022, and several other infrastructural measures.
The country has also registered higher spending on leisure tourism compared to business
spending tourism. With about 18% of Indians travelling for work within the nation, India
is far ahead of its international rivals in this area. Owing to a resounding spike in booking
during 2021-2022, the outlook of the Indian Tourism industry for the next decade looks
bright and seems to expand exponentially. The tourism industry is raring to explore new
frontiers and reinvent itself to keep up with the times.

1.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
Augmentation of quality tourism infrastructure throughout the country is a key area of

functioning of the Ministry of Tourism. More than fifty per cent of the Ministry’s
expenditure on Plan schemes is incurred for development of quality tourism
infrastructure at various tourist destinations and circuits in the States/ UTs.
Highlights of the 2016 Maharashtra Tourism Policy
1. Designate Tourism as a priority sector since it holds the potential to usher in

economic development and generate high employment opportunities in Maharashtra
– change— the policy will establish.
2. Achieve sector growth of 10% per annum and a share of 15% in GSDP through
tourism and tourism-related activities.
3. Generate fresh investments in the tourism sector to the tune of INR 30,000 crore by
2025
4. Create 1 million additional jobs in the tourism sector by 2025
5. Incentivize tourism units in the state by linking it to the Package Scheme of

Incentives, 2013 of Industries, Energy and Labour Department or any modifications
thereafter. The incentives under this policy are designed as per the needs of the
tourism sector in the state.
6. Key strategic interventions are identified and special incentives for respective
interventions have been laid out.
7. Strengthening of tourism infrastructure especially in the form of the PPP model,

special tourism
Infrastructure Tourism Infrastructure development fund, CSR, etc. are defined in this
policy.

Policies and initiatives that are boosting the sector in the state amid the
pandemic
The Maharashtra Tourism Department, in a bid to woo tourists, has introduced several
interesting policies and initiatives. Here are some of them that have already given the
state's tourism sector a much-needed impetus, with many more in the pipeline.
 Ease of doing business:

As an effort to step up and revive tourism in the state, Maharashtra has introduced a
single-window clearance for licensing in order to promote ease of doing business for
hospitality sector. Leading the way to boost the tourism sector, in Maharashtra, the
number of licences needed for hospitality business has been reduced to 10 from 70.
 Adventure Tourism:
To channelise adventure tourism in the state, to generate employment opportunities
for locals, Maharashtra government introduced Adventure Tourism policy thereby,
making most of our thrilling adventure destinations.
Adventure Tourism
 First state to implement industrial status policy:

We announced Industry status and ease of doing business (EODB) policy for the
hospitality sector. Departments like Urban Development, Energy, Water Supply &

Sanitation have helped us to take Hospitality sector to a new level through Industrial
status policy, which we have started to implement in MOT Classified hotels from
April 1, 2021.
 Privatisation of MTDC properties for tourism development:

In an effort to boost tourism, MTDC lands will be given on lease under Public Private
Partnership (PPP) basis. The lands will be developed phase wise and in the first phase
MTDC resorts at Matheran, Mahabaleshwar, Harihareshwar (dist. Raigad) and
Mithbav (dist. Sindhudurg) while the open lands at Tadoba, Fardapur (Aurangabad)
will be developed with the intent to develop luxury segment.
 First state to implement the Agro-Tourism Policy:

The aim of this policy was to ensure farmers of Maharashtra prosper and thrive
alongside tourism. Several agro-tourism training programs and online webinars
conducted with the help of agricultural departments and tourism trainers appointed by
DOT.
Agro-Tourism
 Second state to implement beach shack policy:

The state has chosen a few beaches to implement the shack policy. These beaches are:
Kelwe and Bordi in Palghar, Diveagar and Varsoli in Raigad, Araware and Guhagar
in Ratnagiri, and Kunkeshwar and Tarkali in Sindhudurg. Every beach will have

10

shacks where food, wine and beer, music system and easy chair with umbrella will be
provided.
 Caravan Tourism:
In a bid to promote tourism, generate more jobs and let people enjoy their journey
through Maharashtrain style, we also introduced the Caravan Tourism Policy.
Caravan Tourism
Proposed Polices for boosting tourism in Maharashtra
Here are some proposed policies that are expected to boost the tourism sector in the state:
 Responsible Tourism Policy:

The following aspects are included under the Responsible Tourism Policy:
 Making optimal use of environmental resources that constitute a key element
in tourism development, maintaining essential ecological processes and
helping to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity.
 Respecting the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserving
their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and contributing
to inter-cultural understanding and tolerance.
 Ensuring viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economic
benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed including stable

employment and income-earning opportunities and social services to host

communities, and contributing to poverty alleviation.
 MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events) Tourism Policy:

A large number of local and foreign tourists visit the state for meetings, promotions,
discussions and exhibitions. The MICE Tourism Bureau will be set up to manage all
these meetings and events under one roof.
 Vacation rental home and home stay scheme:

Under the Vacation rental home and home stay scheme, vacant bungalows will be
made available to the tourists on weekends for holiday. Similarly, homes of the local
tribal people that are located near water bodies or at the foothills etc. will be made
available to tourists under the homestay scheme. The homestay scheme will be
implemented specially for people like trekkers, bird watchers, photographers and
backpackers.
 Maharashtra Forts Scheme:

Maharashtra Tourism will be providing basic tourist amenities at 337 non classified
forts, under the ‘Maharashtra Forts Scheme’. They include approach road, drinking
water, restaurant, toilet, electricity, solid waste management, signage, tourist
information centre, guides, caravan camping, parking and beautification of the
vicinity. This step has been taken to promote fort tourism and experiential tourism.

1.6 EXPERIMENTAL TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
Meaning of Experimental Tourism
Experimental tourism is a travel approach or philosophy emphasising unique and

unconventional travel experiences. It involves exploring and engaging with a
destination in ways that deviate from traditional tourist activities. Experimental tourism
encourages travellers to immerse themselves in the local culture, interact with the
community, and seek alternative perspectives and experiences.
The term "experimental" implies a sense of adventure, curiosity, and openness to trying
new things. It can involve participating in local festivals, volunteering, staying with
residents, or undertaking creative and unusual activities not typically associated with
mainstream tourism.
Experimental tourism aims to break away from standardised itineraries and

preconceived notions of travel, allowing individuals to discover and appreciate the
uniqueness of a destination in a more authentic and personal way. It encourages
travellers to step outside their comfort zones and engage with the local environment,
people, and culture, fostering a deeper understanding and connection with the place
they visit.
Types of Experimental Tourism in Maharashtra
Experimental tourism in Maharashtra can offer travellers unique and immersive

experiences that go beyond traditional tourist activities. The following are the types of
Experimental Tourism in Maharashtra:
 Bollywood Tourism:
Bollywood tourism refers to the phenomenon of tourists visiting locations associated

with the Indian film industry, Bollywood. It involves exploring iconic film studios, film
sets,

and other attractions related to Bollywood in cities like Mumbai, Maharashtra. Tourists
can take guided tours to visit famous film studios, such as Film City, and get a behind-
the-scenes glimpse of the movie-making process. Bollywood tourism offers visitors the
chance to witness live film shoots, meet celebrities, and even participate as extras in
movie scenes. It has become a popular attraction, attracting film enthusiasts from
around the world who are fascinated by the glamour and magic of Bollywood.
 M.I.C.E Tourism:
Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions. It refers to the form of tourism
which plans, organizes and executes corporate travel with a varied number of
participants. Meetings are usually referred to as a large gathering of people for a
specific purpose. The participants travel and are booked in a hotel, conference centre or
any such venue for such gathering. Incentives are where the participants are rewarded
and awarded for their previous outstanding performance. In this, usually, the staff of the
organization is taken to beautiful destinations across the country and globe as an
incentive to motivate them to do better in coming years. Conferences refer to
participatory meetings for discussions, problem-solving, research, consultation and
exchange of information. It is smaller in scale as compared to a meeting and is for a
limited duration of time. Exhibitions are the places where the products and services are
displayed. Events such as sports, weddings are also a part of the same. Today's
destination wedding has caught on with people which brings enormous economic
benefit to the destination where it is held.
 Culinary Tourism:
Culinary tourism is a form of travel focused on exploring local food and beverages. It
involves experiencing unique culinary traditions, flavours, and techniques in different
regions. Travellers often visit local markets, food festivals, and restaurants to indulge in
authentic cuisine. Culinary tourism offers insights into a destination's culture, history,
and traditions through its food. It allows travellers to expand their palates, learn new
cooking methods, and appreciate the gastronomic diversity of a place.

 Agro-Tourism:
Agro-tourism involves visiting agricultural areas to experience and learn about farming
practices, rural life, and local culture. It provides an opportunity for travellers to actively
participate in farming activities such as harvesting crops, milking cows, or tending to
livestock. Agro-tourism promotes sustainable agriculture and creates awareness about
the importance of farming and food production. Visitors can enjoy farm-to-table
experiences by tasting fresh, organic produce and traditional regional cuisine. Agro-
tourism supports local farmers, boosts rural economies, and offers a unique and
educational travel experience for individuals interested in agricultural practices.
 Eco-Tourism:
Eco-tourism promotes sustainable travel practices that minimize negative impacts on the
environment and support conservation efforts. It focuses on preserving natural
resources, protecting biodiversity, and respecting local cultures and communities. Eco-
tourism encourages responsible travel choices such as supporting local businesses,
reducing waste and carbon footprint, and engaging in educational activities. It offers
opportunities for travellers to connect with nature, learn about environmental issues, and
contribute to the well-being of the destinations they visit. Through eco-tourism,
travellers can experience the beauty of natural landscapes, wildlife, and cultural heritage
while leaving a positive and lasting impact on the environment and local communities.
 Caravan Tourism:
Caravan tourism, also known as RV or motorhome tourism, is a form of travel where
individuals or families explore destinations while living and travelling in their own self-
contained mobile homes. Caravan tourism offers the freedom to travel at one's own
pace, allowing for flexibility in choosing destinations, routes, and duration of stay. It
provides a unique opportunity to experience a nomadic lifestyle while enjoying the
comforts of a home on wheels, with amenities such as sleeping quarters, kitchen
facilities, and bathroom amenities. Caravans enable travellers to connect with nature
and explore off- the-beaten-path locations, including remote campsites, national parks,

and scenic

landscapes. Caravan tourism promotes sustainable travel by minimizing the need for
multiple accommodations and reducing the environmental impact associated with
traditional forms of transportation and lodging.
 Social Tourism:
Social tourism refers to the concept of providing tourism opportunities to individuals or
groups who face social and economic challenges. Social tourism aims to make travel
accessible to marginalized or disadvantaged individuals, allowing them to experience
the benefits of tourism that may otherwise be out of reach. It often involves subsidized
or discounted travel options, accommodations, and activities, making it more affordable
for individuals with limited financial resources. Social tourism can have positive social
impacts by promoting inclusivity, breaking down barriers, and fostering social
integration and cohesion. It can contribute to local economic development by generating
income and employment opportunities in the tourism sector, particularly in underserved
communities. Through social tourism, individuals can gain access to educational,
cultural, and recreational experiences, promoting personal growth, well-being, and a
broader understanding of the world around them.
 Wellness Tourism:
Wellness tourism is a form of travel that focuses on promoting physical, mental, and
spiritual well-being. It involves visiting destinations or engaging in activities that
enhance one's health and wellness, such as spa retreats, yoga retreats, meditation
centres, and wellness resorts. Wellness tourism seeks to provide travellers with
opportunities to rejuvenate, relax, and improve their overall well-being through various
wellness practices and therapies. This type of tourism often emphasizes self-care, stress
reduction, healthy living, and holistic healing, aiming to restore balance and harmony in
individuals' lives. Wellness tourism has gained popularity as more people prioritize their
health and seek travel experiences that promote personal growth, self-reflection, and
overall wellness.

 Sustainable Tourism:
Sustainable tourism focuses on minimizing the negative impact on the environment,
economy, and local communities, while maximizing the positive benefits of tourism. It
involves practices that conserve natural resources, protect wildlife and ecosystems, and
promote the preservation of cultural heritage. Sustainable tourism aims to ensure long-
term viability by considering the social, economic, and environmental aspects of travel
and tourism. It encourages responsible travel behaviours such as reducing waste,
supporting local businesses, and respecting the local culture and customs. Sustainable
tourism strives for a balance between visitor satisfaction, community well-being, and
the protection of natural and cultural resources, aiming for a positive and sustainable
future for both destinations and travellers.
 Heritage Tourism:
Heritage tourism involves visiting and exploring historical sites, landmarks, and cultural
attractions that hold significant historical or cultural value. It provides an opportunity to
learn about the rich heritage, traditions, and architectural marvels of a particular region
or country. Heritage tourism promotes cultural preservation, as it generates awareness
and appreciation for the historical and cultural assets of a destination. It offers travellers
a chance to immerse themselves in the local history and traditions, enhancing their
understanding of the past and creating a sense of connection with the place they visit.
Heritage tourism contributes to the local economy by attracting visitors, supporting
local businesses, and creating employment opportunities related to heritage
conservation, tour guiding, and hospitality.

CHAPTER 2: ECO-TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO ECO-TOURISM
What is Eco-Tourism?
Eco-tourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively

undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small-scale alternative to
standard commercial mass tourism.
It means responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving
the well-being of the local people. Its purpose may be to educate the traveller, to
provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development
and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different
cultures and human rights.
Eco-tourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural
heritage are the primary attractions. Eco-tourism is intended to offer tourists an insight
into the impact of human beings on the environment and to foster a greater appreciation
of our natural habitats.
Eco-tourism in India has developed recently, for the concept itself is relatively new.
Eco- tourism entails travelling to places renowned for their natural beauty and social
culture while ensuring no damage to the ecological balance. Eco-tourism pertains to a
conscious and responsible effort to preserve the diversity of a naturally endowed region
and sustain its beauty and local culture.
Indians have been known for ages to worship and conserve nature. So, the growth of
Eco- tourism in India is natural. Also, the government of India has set up the Ministry of
Tourism and Culture to promote Eco-tourism in India alongside other types of tourism.
Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form of responsible travel that

focuses on exploring natural environments while minimizing negative impacts on
the environment and supporting local communities. It is a sustainable approach to
tourism that seeks to preserve and protect the natural and cultural heritage of a
destination.
Eco-tourism promotes environmental conservation by emphasizing the principles of

biodiversity, conservation, and sustainability. It encourages visitors to engage in
activities that have a low impact on the ecosystem, such as nature walks, wildlife
observation, and responsible camping. This type of tourism also aims to educate
travellers about the importance of environmental preservation and promote a greater
understanding of local cultures and traditions.
Key aspects/Features of Eco-tourism
 Conservation:
Eco-tourism strives to conserve natural habitats, wildlife, and ecosystems by raising
awareness and supporting conservation initiatives. It often involves visits to
protected areas, national parks, or nature reserves.
 Community Involvement:
Eco-tourism aims to benefit local communities by involving them in tourism
activities and providing economic opportunities. It supports local businesses,
employs local guides, and respects the rights and traditions of indigenous peoples.
 Education and Interpretation:

Eco-tourism promotes learning and understanding of the environment, biodiversity,
and cultural heritage. It provides opportunities for visitors to gain knowledge
through interpretive programs, guided tours, and interactive experiences.

 Sustainable Practices:
Eco-tourism adheres to sustainable practices by minimizing waste generation,
conserving resources, and reducing carbon emissions. It encourages responsible
behaviours such as using eco-friendly transportation, supporting eco-lodges or
accommodations, and respecting wildlife and natural surroundings.
 Responsible and Ethical Practices:

Eco-tourism adheres to responsible and ethical practices. This includes minimizing
waste and pollution, supporting local businesses and fair trade, respecting local
customs and traditions, and promoting cultural sensitivity and social inclusivity.
 Small-Scale and Low-Impact:

Eco-tourism often emphasizes small-scale operations and low-impact tourism
activities. It focuses on maintaining a balance between visitor experiences and the
capacity of the destination to ensure the sustainability of resources and minimize
overcrowding.
 Authentic and Meaningful Experiences:

Eco-tourism aims to provide authentic and meaningful experiences for travellers. It
encourages interaction with the natural environment, local communities, and
cultural heritage, allowing visitors to develop a deeper connection and appreciation
for the place they are visiting.
Overall, Eco-tourism aims to create a positive impact on the environment, support

local communities, and provide meaningful and educational experiences for
travellers, all while preserving the natural and cultural treasures of a destination.

Significance of Eco-Tourism in Promoting Sustainable Development
Eco-tourism significantly promotes sustainable development by balancing economic

growth with environmental protection and social responsibility. Here are some key
ways in which eco-tourism contributes to sustainable development:
 Conservation of Natural Resources:

Eco-tourism conserves natural resources, including protected areas, ecosystems, and
biodiversity. Promoting responsible tourism practices and raising awareness about
environmental issues helps protect fragile ecosystems, preserve wildlife habitats,
and maintain the environment's overall health.
 Economic Benefits and Local Empowerment:

Eco-tourism can benefit local communities by generating income and employment
opportunities. It encourages community involvement, supports local businesses, and
promotes the preservation of traditional crafts, cultural practices, and heritage. This
empowers residents, improves their livelihoods, and helps reduce poverty.
 Environmental Education and Awareness:

Eco-tourism offers opportunities for environmental education and awareness-
building among travellers. It helps visitors understand the importance of
sustainability, biodiversity, and conservation. By fostering a sense of responsibility
and stewardship towards the environment, eco-tourism encourages individuals to
make more informed choices and adopt sustainable practices in their daily lives.
 Sustainable Infrastructure and Practices:

Eco-tourism promotes the development of sustainable infrastructure and tourism
practices. This includes eco-friendly accommodations, renewable energy sources,
waste management systems, and sustainable transportation options. These practices

minimize resource consumption, reduce pollution, and contribute to the overall

sustainability of the destination.
 Cultural Preservation and Appreciation:

Eco-tourism values and respects the cultural heritage of local communities. It
encourages visitors to engage with local cultures, traditions, and indigenous
knowledge, fostering cross-cultural understanding and appreciation. By supporting
cultural preservation efforts, eco-tourism helps safeguard intangible heritage and
strengthens cultural identity.
 Long-Term Planning and Management:

Eco-tourism emphasizes long-term planning and management of tourism activities.
It involves collaboration between stakeholders, including local communities,
governments, and tour operators, to develop sustainable tourism strategies, set
carrying capacities, and implement effective management practices. This ensures
that tourism growth is balanced, resources are conserved, and the destination's
sustainability is preserved for future generations.
Eco-tourism, with its focus on environmental stewardship, community empowerment,

and sustainable practices, contributes to the holistic development of destinations,
fostering a balance between economic growth, environmental protection, and social
well- being.

2.2 INTRODUCTION TO ECO-TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
Eco-tourism in Maharashtra showcases the state's diverse natural landscapes, rich

biodiversity, and vibrant cultural heritage. Maharashtra offers a range of eco-tourism
opportunities that allow travellers to experience the beauty of its pristine forests,
wildlife sanctuaries, coastal regions, and rural landscapes while promoting sustainability
and conservation.
With its numerous national parks, wildlife reserves, and protected areas, Maharashtra
provides a haven for nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers. These areas, such as Tadoba
Andhari Tiger Reserve, Pench National Park, and Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary,
offer opportunities to spot elusive wildlife species like tigers, leopards, Indian bison,
and various bird species.
In addition to its natural wonders, Maharashtra's eco-tourism initiatives highlight the

state's cultural heritage. Travellers can immerse themselves in Maharashtra's vibrant
traditions, art forms, and culinary delights, experiencing local communities' warmth and
hospitality. Eco-tourism in Maharashtra is characterized by responsible tourism
practices that promote sustainable development. The state government and various
stakeholders have taken steps to protect the environment, support local communities,
and ensure the long-term conservation of natural and cultural resources.
Initiatives such as eco-friendly accommodations, nature interpretation centres, and

community-based tourism projects enhance the eco-tourism experience. By engaging in
eco-tourism activities in Maharashtra, visitors can connect with nature and contribute to
the preservation of the state's ecological and cultural heritage. From exploring the
Western Ghats' lush valleys to witnessing the magnificence of coastal ecosystems and
participating in community-based initiatives, eco-tourism in Maharashtra offers a
unique and enriching experience that combines adventure, conservation, and cultural
immersion.
History of Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra
Eco-tourism in Maharashtra has a history rooted in the state's rich biodiversity, natural
landscapes, and cultural heritage. While specific initiatives and policies may have
evolved over time, here is a general overview of the history of eco-tourism in
Maharashtra:
 Early Recognition of Natural Assets:

Maharashtra has long been recognized for its diverse ecosystems, including national
parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and picturesque landscapes. Efforts to conserve and
protect these natural assets laid the foundation for eco-tourism development.
 Creation of Protected Areas:

The establishment of protected areas, such as Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve,
Sanjay Gandhi National Park, and Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, showcased the
state's commitment to preserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable tourism
practices.
Sanjay Gandhi National Park
 Awareness and Education:

Over the years, there has been an increased focus on raising awareness about the

importance of environmental conservation and sustainable tourism among local

communities, tourists, and stakeholders. Education campaigns and initiatives have

played a vital role in promoting eco-tourism values and practices.
 Development of Eco-Tourism Infrastructure:

Maharashtra has witnessed the development of eco-tourism infrastructure, including
nature trails, interpretation centres, eco-lodges, and eco-campsites. These facilities
aim to provide visitors with sustainable accommodation options and enhance their
experiences in nature.
 Government Support:
The Maharashtra government has shown support for eco-tourism through the
establishment of the Eco-Tourism Development Board and the implementation of
policies and guidelines to promote sustainable tourism practices. Government
initiatives have played a crucial role in encouraging eco-tourism development and
facilitating collaboration between various stakeholders.
It is important to note that the specific milestones and initiatives within the history of
eco- tourism in Maharashtra may vary, and it is recommended to refer to official
government sources and relevant tourism departments for a comprehensive and up-to-
date understanding of the subject.
Why was Eco-Tourism introduced in Maharashtra?
Eco-tourism is a wide-ranging classification of sightseeing comprising a generally

accountable journey to untouched and unique floral and faunal wonders. It includes
roaming to places; the main fascinations are flora and fauna, natural landforms, and
clearances of native people. Eco-tourism involves the idea of geographical tourism and
bio tourism. Agricultural tourism is a subtype of eco-tourism; it comprises visiting a
plantation or estate and getting involved in Agro activities.

With the bio-diverse landscape, varied environment and changing topography,

Maharashtra offers a delightful experience for eco-tourism enthusiasts. It receives
adequate rainfall throughout the year resulting in luxurious vegetation evenly across the
state. A momentous group of disapprovingly rare animals and birds get the safest rescue
in the wildest regions. To endorse this advantage of the landscape without affecting the
flora-fauna of endangered species, the administration has divided its floral and faunal
spots into various relatively less crowded wildlife reserves like Tadoba Tiger Reserve,
Nanaj Wildlife Sanctuary or Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary. These reserves have
gained a spot amongst the best places to see various animal species in India.
Maharashtra is a gem trove of captivating natural grandeurs.
Eco-tourism is about accountable travel to natural areas that encourage the preservation,
bring synchronization among communities, and sustain the well-being of the aboriginal
populace. People involved in eco-tourism activities should embrace these values:
 Reduce the impact of physical, social, behavioural, and psychological

 They should construct awareness about environmental and cultural
 Direct monetary welfare of ecological preservation
 Create commercial aids for both Aboriginals and enterprises
Eco-tourism is the key to the conservation of endangered species as this is what is

referred to as sustainable nature-based tourism. This integrates travel according to its
flora. It also accentuates the necessity of safeguarding the flora, fauna, and culture. Eco-
tourism acts as a catalyst for improving the area's economy and uses the creation of jobs
as a tool for this.

2.3 ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF MAHARASHTRA
Bio-Diversity of Maharashtra
Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on Earth. The term biodiversity
was coined in 1985. It is important in natural as well as artificial ecosystems. It deals
with nature’s variety, the biosphere. It refers to variabilities among plants, animals and
microorganism species. To safeguard its biodiversity, Maharashtra has six national
parks, 48 wildlife sanctuaries, and six conservation reserves as protected area networks
(as per the India State of Forest Report, 2019). The forests region of Maharashtra
comprises 17% of the total area, which is present in the eastern part of the state and the
Sahyadri range, also known as western ghat. Maharashtra, the third largest state, is one
of India's most industrialized and urbanized states. It is located on the west coastline
along the lush green Konkan region. Several hill stations and water reservoirs with
semi-evergreen and deciduous forests are found in the Western Ghats and the Sahyadri
mountain range. The Vidarbha region, the northern part of Maharashtra, features dense
forests. The National parks are known for different species of mammals, reptiles,
amphibians, avifauna, orthopods, river fishes and other wild animals, attracting millions
of tourists yearly.
Diverse Ecosystems and Natural Attractions in Maharashtra
Maharashtra is known for its diverse ecosystems and natural attractions, offering a
range of breathtaking landscapes and unique biodiversity. Here are some of the notable
ecosystems and natural attractions in Maharashtra:
 Western Ghats:
Maharashtra is home to a significant portion of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO
World Heritage Site known for its rich biodiversity. The Ghats are adorned with
lush forests, cascading waterfalls, and mist-clad mountains, providing habitats for
numerous plant and animal species.

Western Ghats
 Sahyadri Range:
The Sahyadri Range runs parallel to the western coast of Maharashtra, offering
picturesque landscapes, hill stations, and trekking opportunities. Popular
destinations in this region include Matheran, Lonavala, and Mahabaleshwar.
Sahyadri Range
 Coastal Areas:
Maharashtra boasts a stunning coastline along the Arabian Sea, encompassing
beautiful beaches, rocky shores, and fishing villages. Beaches like Alibaug, Kashid,
and Tarkarli attract tourists with their scenic beauty and water sports activities.

Devgad Beach, Sindhudurg District
 Wildlife Reserves and National Parks:

Maharashtra is home to several wildlife reserves and national parks that preserve the
region's unique flora and fauna. Notable reserves include Tadoba Andhari Tiger
Reserve, Pench National Park, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, and Melghat Tiger
Reserve.
Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve

 Biodiversity Hotspots:
Maharashtra's diverse ecosystems contribute to its status as a biodiversity hotspot.
Areas like the Konkan region, Western Ghats, and the Vidarbha region host a wide
array of plant species, including endemic and medicinal plants.

 Caves and Rock Formations:

Maharashtra houses ancient rock-cut caves and impressive rock formations. Ajanta
and Ellora Caves, Elephanta Caves, and Karla Caves are renowned for their
historical and architectural significance.
 Lakes and Waterfalls:

The state features numerous lakes and waterfalls that add to its natural beauty.
Lonar Lake, Kaas Lake, and Vajrai Waterfall are popular attractions that mesmerize
visitors with their scenic splendor.
Lonar Lake in Maharashtra by crater lake impact
 Forests and Reserves:

Maharashtra encompasses diverse forests, including deciduous forests, tropical
rainforests, and mangrove forests. Places like Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary,
Chandoli National Park, and Karnala Bird Sanctuary offer glimpses of unique
ecosystems and wildlife.
These diverse ecosystems and natural attractions make Maharashtra a captivating

destination for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts, providing ample opportunities for
adventure, wildlife spotting, and nature exploration.

2.4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECO-TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
In Maharashtra, there are various types of eco-tourism experiences available. Here are
some of the different types of eco-tourism in Maharashtra:
 Wildlife Tourism:
Maharashtra is home to several national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserves,
offering opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts to explore and observe diverse flora
and fauna.
 Natural Attractions: Maharashtra boasts stunning natural attractions such as

beaches, waterfalls, lakes, caves, and scenic landscapes that attract tourists seeking
to immerse themselves in the beauty of nature.
 Hill Stations:
The state is dotted with picturesque hill stations like Mahabaleshwar, Lonavala,
Matheran, and Panchgani, offering a tranquil escape from the bustling cities and a
chance to enjoy pleasant weather and breathtaking views.
 Ghats and Plateaus:

Maharashtra is known for its breathtaking ghats (mountain passes) and plateaus like
Malshej Ghat, Amboli Ghat, and Kaas Plateau, which provide opportunities for
hiking, trekking, and exploring the unique biodiversity of the region.
 Cultural Tourism:
Maharashtra has a rich cultural heritage, with historical sites, ancient temples, forts,
and caves that attract tourists interested in exploring the state's history, architecture,
and traditional arts and crafts.

 Educational and Scientific Tourism:

There are museums, science parks, and educational centres in Maharashtra, offering
interactive and informative experiences for visitors interested in learning about
various subjects like science, history, and culture.
 Adventure Tourism:
Maharashtra provides thrilling adventure activities such as trekking, rock climbing,
rappelling, paragliding, and river rafting in locations like Bhandardara, Kolad, and
Kamshet, attracting adventure enthusiasts from around the world.
 Agri-Tourism:
Rural areas in Maharashtra offer agri-tourism experiences, allowing visitors to
engage in agricultural activities, learn about farming techniques, and experience the
rustic lifestyle of the countryside.
These are just a few examples of the different types of eco-tourism experiences
available in Maharashtra. Each type offers unique opportunities for visitors to connect
with nature, culture, and adventure while promoting sustainable tourism practices.

2.5 ECO-TOURISM DESTINATIONS IN MAHARASHTRA
Wildlife Tourism Places in Maharashtra
We can categorize wildlife eco-tourism places in Maharashtra into national parks,

wildlife sanctuaries and reserves A few important examples are as below –
National Parks:
 Sanjay Gandhi National Park – Mumbai

Sanjay Gandhi National Park, located in Mumbai, is a thriving oasis amidst the
bustling city. Spread across a vast area, it is known for its rich biodiversity and
diverse flora and fauna. The park is home to numerous species, including leopards,
deer, monkeys, and a variety of bird species. Visitors can explore its lush green
trails, enjoy picnics, and even visit the famous Kanheri Caves, ancient Buddhist
rock-cut monuments nestled within the park.
Sanjay Gandhi National Park
 Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve - Chandrapur District

Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, located in Chandrapur District, Maharashtra, is a

renowned wildlife sanctuary. Spanning over 1,727 square kilometres, it is home to a
rich variety of flora and fauna, including the majestic Royal Bengal Tigers. The
reserve offers thrilling safari experiences, allowing visitors to witness the beauty and
rawness of nature up close. With its dense forests, scenic landscapes, and diverse
wildlife, Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is a haven for nature enthusiasts and
wildlife lovers.
Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve
 Pench National Park - Nagpur District

Pench National Park is located in Nagpur District, Maharashtra. It is known for its
rich biodiversity and serves as a habitat for numerous species, including tigers,
leopards, and various bird species. The park offers thrilling wildlife safaris and
opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore its pristine forests and scenic
landscapes.

Pench National Park
 Navegaon National Park - Gondia Distri

Navegaon National Park is located in Gondia District, Maharashtra. Covering an
area of approximately 135 square kilometres, it is known for its rich biodiversity
and scenic beauty. The park is home to various wildlife species, including tigers,
leopards, deer, and over 200 species of birds.
Navegaon National Park

 Melghat Tiger Reserve - Amravati District

Melghat Tiger Reserve is located in Amravati District, Maharashtra. Spread across
an area of approximately 2,768 square kilometres, it is known for its rich
biodiversity and diverse wildlife, including the majestic Royal Bengal Tiger. The
reserve offers nature enthusiasts an opportunity to witness the beauty of its dense
forests, scenic landscapes, and endangered species in their natural habitat.
Melghat Tiger Reserve
 Chandoli National Park - Sangli District

Chandoli National Park, located in Sangli District, Maharashtra, is a haven for
nature enthusiasts. It spans over an area of 317 square kilometres and is known for
its rich biodiversity. The park is home to various species of flora and fauna,
including tigers, leopards, sambar deer, and a variety of bird species. Visitors can
enjoy thrilling wildlife safaris and explore the scenic beauty of this protected area.

Wildlife Sanctuaries and Reserves:
 Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary - Pune District

Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Pune District, Maharashtra, is a natural
treasure that captivates nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Spread over an
area of approximately 130 square kilometres, it is nestled amidst the scenic Sahyadri
Mountain Range. The sanctuary is known for its rich biodiversity and is home to a
wide variety of flora and fauna and serves as a protected habitat for numerous
species, including the Indian giant squirrel, Malabar grey hornbill, barking deer,
leopard, and the endangered Indian python. The sanctuary is also known for its
pristine waterfalls, such as Hanuman Falls and Bhimashankar Fall. Apart from its
natural beauty, Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary holds cultural and religious
significance as well. The Bhimashankar Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, attracts
pilgrims from far and wide.
Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary
 Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary - Kolhapur District

Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Kolhapur District of Maharashtra, is a
haven for wildlife enthusiasts. Covering an area of approximately 351.16 square
kilometres, it is a significant biodiversity hotspot in the Western Ghats. The
sanctuary is known for its dense forests, lush greenery, and pristine water bodies,
including the Radhanagari Dam and Dajipur Lake. It is home to a wide variety of
flora and fauna, including the endangered Indian bison, deer, wild boars, langurs,

and several species

of birds. The sanctuary offers opportunities for wildlife safaris, trekking, and
birdwatching. The sanctuary also serves as a vital ecological corridor, ensuring the
conservation and protection of the region's diverse ecosystem.
 Bor Wildlife Sanctuary - Wardha District

Bor Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Wardha District, Maharashtra. Covering an area
of approximately 138 square kilometres, it is a protected area known for its rich
biodiversity. The sanctuary is home to various species of wildlife, including tigers,
leopards, sloth bears, deer, and a wide range of bird species. It offers opportunities
for wildlife enthusiasts to engage in activities like wildlife safaris, birdwatching, and
nature walks.
Bor Wildlife Sanctuary
 Karnala Bird Sanctuary - Raigad District

Karnala Bird Sanctuary, located in Raigad District, Maharashtra, is a haven for bird
enthusiasts. Covering an area of approximately 4.27 square kilometres, it offers a
diverse range of avian species. The sanctuary is named after the famous Karnala
Fort, which overlooks the sanctuary. It is home to over 150 species of resident and
migratory birds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers. The endangered Ashy

Minivet,

Malabar Whistling Thrush, and Malabar Parakeet are some of the rare bird species
found here. Visitors can embark on nature walks, treks, and birdwatching
expeditions to explore the sanctuary's biodiversity. The monsoon season is
particularly enchanting as the sanctuary comes alive with vibrant foliage and
cascading waterfalls.
Sanctuary Bird View Tower
Forest from the top of fort
 Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary - Solapur District

Located in Solapur District, Maharashtra, the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary is a
dedicated habitat for the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard. Spanning over
an area of approximately 8,000 hectares, the sanctuary offers protection and
conservation measures for this majestic bird species. The sanctuary is characterized

by arid grasslands, scrub forests, and agricultural fields, creating a diverse
ecosystem

that supports the habitat requirements of the Great Indian Bustard. It is home not
only to the Great Indian Bustard but also to various other species of flora and fauna,
making it a significant biodiversity hotspot in the region. The sanctuary is known for
its efforts in promoting the breeding and conservation of the Great Indian Bustard,
which has faced severe population decline due to habitat loss and other threats.
Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary
 Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary - Satara District

Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Satara District of Maharashtra. Covering
an area of approximately 423.55 square kilometres, it is a significant ecological
hotspot. The sanctuary is named after the Koyna River, which flows through its
picturesque landscape. It is renowned for its rich biodiversity and serves as a crucial
habitat for numerous species. The sanctuary is home to various wildlife species,
including tigers, leopards, sloth bears, and Indian giant squirrels. Visitors can
indulge in wildlife safaris and bird-watching activities to witness the diverse avian
fauna. Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary is part of the larger Koyna-Warna UNESCO
World Heritage Site, known for its unique geological and ecological significance. It
is a popular destination for eco-tourism, providing visitors with an opportunity to
explore the wonders of nature and appreciate its conservation efforts.

 Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary - Raigad District

Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Raigad District of Maharashtra, is a haven
for nature and wildlife enthusiasts. Spread across an area of approximately 53
square kilometres, this sanctuary offers a diverse range of flora and fauna. The
sanctuary is nestled amidst lush green forests, rolling hills, and serene streams,
creating a picturesque setting. It is home to various species of mammals, reptiles,
and birds, including the Indian Giant Squirrel, leopard cat, barking deer, and
numerous species of butterflies. The sanctuary's rich biodiversity makes it an ideal
destination for nature walks, bird watching, and wildlife photography. Visitors can
explore the well- maintained trails and experience the tranquillity of the
surroundings. Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary provides a unique opportunity to connect
with nature and witness the wonders of the animal kingdom in their natural habitat,
making it a must-visit destination for eco-tourism enthusiasts in Maharashtra.
 Rehekuri Blackbuck Sanctuary - Ahmednagar District

Rehekuri Blackbuck Sanctuary, located in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra, is a
haven for the majestic blackbucks. Spread over an area of approximately 2.17
square kilometres, this wildlife sanctuary is dedicated to the conservation and
protection of the endangered blackbucks. The sanctuary's landscape comprises open
grasslands, scrublands, and patches of dense forest, creating a suitable habitat for
these elegant antelopes. Visitors to Rehekuri Blackbuck Sanctuary have the
opportunity to witness the graceful movements of blackbucks in their natural habitat,
as well as observe other wildlife species like peafowls, hares, and various bird
species. The sanctuary also offers a serene environment for nature enthusiasts and
photographers to capture the beauty of these endangered creatures and the
surrounding ecosystem. Rehekuri Blackbuck Sanctuary is a testament to
Maharashtra's commitment to preserving its diverse wildlife and offers a memorable
eco-tourism experience for all who visit.

 Chikhaldara Wildlife Sanctuary – Amravati District

Chikhaldara Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Amravati District of Maharashtra, is
a captivating eco-tourism destination known for its rich biodiversity and scenic
beauty. Nestled amidst the Satpura mountain range, this sanctuary offers a unique
experience for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. The sanctuary is home to a
wide variety of flora and fauna, including species like tigers, leopards, sloth bears,
wild boars, and sambar deer. The picturesque landscape of Chikhaldara is adorned
with dense forests, cascading waterfalls, and tranquil lakes. Trekking and nature
walks are popular activities here. The Chikhaldara Wildlife Sanctuary provides a
perfect escape into nature, offering a chance to reconnect with the wilderness and
experience the untouched charm of the Amravati District.
 Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary – Sangli District

Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Sangli District of Maharashtra.
Spread across an area of approximately 10 square kilometres, this sanctuary is
known for its rich biodiversity and unique flora and fauna. The sanctuary is nestled
amidst the picturesque landscape of the Sahyadri Range, offering visitors a tranquil
escape into nature. The vegetation in Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary mainly
consists of dry deciduous forests, making it an ideal habitat for various species of
wildlife. The sanctuary is home to several animals, including leopards, sloth bears,
spotted deer, barking deer, and a variety of bird species.

Natural Attractions – Beaches, Waterfalls and Lakes:
 Kashid Beach - Raigad District

Located in Raigad district, Kashid Beach offers pristine white sands and clear
turquoise waters, making it a popular destination for beach lovers. The beach is
surrounded by lush greenery and coconut groves, creating a picturesque and serene
atmosphere for visitors to relax and unwind. Kashid Beach is known for its tranquil
ambiance, water sports activities, and stunning sunsets.
 Alibaug Beach - Raigad District

Alibaug Beach, situated in Raigad district, is a charming coastal town known for its
tranquil beach and scenic views. The beach offers a refreshing retreat with its soft
sandy shores, gentle waves, and cool sea breeze. Visitors can enjoy water sports,
leisurely walks along the shore, and stunning sunsets at Alibaug Beach, making it a
popular getaway spot.
 Murud Beach - Raigad District

Murud Beach, located in Raigad district, is a beautiful stretch of coastline with
golden sands and clear waters. The beach offers breathtaking views of the Arabian
Sea, along with historical attractions like the majestic Murud-Janjira Fort. Visitors
can indulge in beach activities, take boat rides, and explore the rich cultural heritage
of Murud while enjoying the peaceful ambiance of the beach.
 Mandwa Beach - Raigad District

Mandwa Beach, situated in Raigad district, is a popular weekend getaway near
Mumbai, known for its tranquil and scenic surroundings. The beach offers a
peaceful atmosphere, making it an ideal spot for relaxation, sunbathing, and
picnicking. With its close proximity to Mumbai, Mandwa Beach is easily accessible
and provides a refreshing escape from the city's hustle and bustle.

 Bhandardara Waterfalls - Ahmednagar District

Located in the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, Bhandardara Waterfalls is a
scenic cascade that captivates visitors with its natural beauty. Nestled amidst lush
greenery and towering mountains, the waterfall emerges from the pristine waters of
the Wilson Dam. As the water gracefully tumbles down the rocky cliffs, it creates a
mesmerizing sight and a soothing ambiance. The serene surroundings and the gentle
sound of the cascading water make Bhandardara Waterfalls a perfect retreat for
nature lovers and peace-seekers. Visitors can also enjoy boating in the nearby Arthur
Lake or explore the nearby Randha Falls, making Bhandardara a picturesque
destination for a tranquil getaway.
Bhandardara Waterfalls
 Amboli Waterfalls - Sindhudurg District

Situated in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, Amboli Waterfalls is a
picturesque cascade that beckons travellers with its natural splendor. Set amidst the
dense forests of the Western Ghats, this waterfall offers a refreshing and serene
atmosphere. As the water gushes down from a height, it creates a misty spray that
adds to the enchanting ambiance of the place. Surrounded by lush greenery and a
thriving ecosystem, Amboli Waterfalls is a paradise for nature enthusiasts and
photographers. The region is also known for its rich biodiversity, and visitors can
explore the nearby Amboli Ghat and enjoy the beauty of the Western Ghats.

 Sawantwadi Waterfalls - Sindhudurg District

Situated in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, Sawantwadi Waterfalls is a
hidden gem nestled amidst the lush greenery of the Western Ghats. This waterfall
offers a serene and untouched natural beauty that enchants visitors. Surrounded by
dense forests and cascading streams, the waterfall creates a picturesque setting that is
perfect for relaxation and rejuvenation.
 Kune Falls - Pune District

Located near Lonavala in Pune district, Kune Falls is a stunning two-tiered waterfall
that showcases the beauty of the Sahyadri Mountains. With a total height of around
200 meters, Kune Falls is one of the highest waterfalls in Maharashtra. The waterfall
plunges down from rocky cliffs, surrounded by verdant forests and scenic
landscapes. The cascading water forms a misty spray, creating a cool and refreshing
atmosphere in the vicinity.

 Lonar Lake - Buldhana District

Lonar Lake is a mesmerizing natural wonder located in Buldhana District of
Maharashtra. What makes Lonar Lake truly unique is its origin, as it is a result of a
meteorite impact crater formed around 50,000 years ago. Surrounded by lush
greenery and dense forests, the lake's emerald green waters and the surrounding
rocky terrain create a surreal atmosphere. The lake is a haven for nature enthusiasts
and birdwatchers, as it attracts a wide variety of bird species. Visitors can explore
the lake's surroundings, go for a boat ride, and even witness the remnants of ancient
temples and structures on its rim. Lonar Lake offers a fascinating blend of natural
beauty, geological significance, and historical intrigue.
Lonar Lake in Maharashtra by crater lake impact
 Venna Lake - Satara District

Situated amidst the picturesque hills of Satara District, Venna Lake is a popular
tourist destination in Maharashtra. Surrounded by lush greenery and breathtaking
landscapes, this man-made lake offers a tranquil retreat for visitors seeking serenity
and natural beauty. Boating on the pristine waters of Venna Lake is a delightful
experience, allowing visitors to soak in the peaceful ambiance and enjoy the
panoramic views of the surrounding hills. The lake is also adorned with vibrant
flowers and lush gardens, creating a soothing environment for leisurely walks and
picnics.

 Chota Kashmir Lake – Mumbai

Nestled in the heart of Aarey Colony in Mumbai, Chota Kashmir Lake is a hidden
gem offering a serene oasis amid the bustling cityscape. The lake derives its name
from its resemblance to the picturesque landscapes of Kashmir. Boasting a serene
and calm ambiance, the lake is surrounded by lush greenery and colourful flowers,
providing a soothing escape from the chaotic city life. Visitors can indulge in paddle
boating or rowing on the placid waters of the lake, enjoying the cool breeze and
peaceful surroundings.
 Tulsi Lake – Mumbai

Tulsi Lake is a vital water reservoir located in the heart of Mumbai, amidst the
verdant Sanjay Gandhi National Park. As one of the main sources of drinking water
for the city, the lake plays a crucial role in sustaining Mumbai's water supply.
Surrounded by dense forests and hilly terrain, Tulsi Lake offers a serene escape from
the urban chaos. The lake provides a perfect setting for nature enthusiasts, who can
enjoy pleasant walks along the lake's periphery, birdwatching, and soaking in the
peaceful ambiance.
 Ajanta & Ellora Caves - Aurangabad District

The Ajanta Caves, located in the Aurangabad District of Maharashtra, are a

UNESCO World Heritage Site and a masterpiece of ancient rock-cut architecture.
Dating back

to the 2nd century BCE, these caves are renowned for their exquisite Buddhist art
and paintings. The caves, numbering 30 in total, are carved into the rocky hillsides
and showcase intricate sculptures, detailed frescoes, and vibrant murals depicting
the life of Buddha and various Buddhist legends.
Ajanta Caves
Situated near the city of Aurangabad in Maharashtra, the Ellora Caves are a
remarkable testament to the ancient craftsmanship and religious harmony of India.
This UNESCO World Heritage Site features a complex of 34 rock-cut temples and
monasteries, representing Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. The caves, spanning a
period from the 6th to 10th centuries, showcase stunning sculptures and
architectural details, including the famous Kailasa Temple, the largest monolithic
structure in the world.
Ellora Cave 16 of the Kailasanatha Temple, Interior

 Karla Caves - Pune District

Nestled in the lush hills of the Pune District, the Karla Caves are a popular tourist
destination and an important historical site. Dating back to the 2nd century BCE,
these rock-cut Buddhist caves are known for their grand entrance, intricately carved
pillars, and magnificent chaitya hall (prayer hall). The caves provide a glimpse into
the art and architecture of the early Buddhist period, with sculptures depicting
various deities and mythical creatures. The location of the Karla Caves amidst the
scenic Sahyadri Mountains adds to their allure, making them a favourite spot for
history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
 Elephanta Caves – Mumbai

Located on Elephanta Island in the Mumbai Harbor, the Elephanta Caves are a
UNESCO World Heritage Site and a remarkable archaeological site. Dating back to
the 5th to 8th centuries, these caves consist of intricately carved rock-cut temples
dedicated to Lord Shiva. The main attraction is the impressive Trimurti sculpture,
depicting the three faces of Lord Shiva. The cave complex offers a captivating mix
of ancient sculptures, serene atmosphere, and panoramic views of the Arabian Sea.
Elephanta Caves

 Kondana Caves - Raigad District

Situated in the Raigad District of Maharashtra, the Kondana Caves are a group of
Buddhist rock-cut caves nestled amidst the scenic backdrop of the Sahyadri
Mountains. Dating back to the 1st century BCE, these caves feature intricate
carvings, sculptures, and viharas (monasteries). The Kondana Caves are known for
their serene ambiance, making them a popular destination for trekkers and nature
enthusiasts.
 Kanheri Caves – Mumbai

Located within the lush forests of Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Mumbai, the
Kanheri Caves are an ancient Buddhist complex dating back to the 1st century BCE.
This complex comprises a network of rock-cut caves, viharas, and prayer halls,
showcasing remarkable Buddhist sculptures, inscriptions, and meditation cells. The
Kanheri Caves served as an important centre of Buddhist learning and worship
during ancient times.
Hill Stations: Ghats and Plateaus
 Mahabaleshwar:
Nestled in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, Mahabaleshwar is a popular hill
station known for its captivating beauty and pleasant climate. Surrounded by lush
greenery, misty hills, and cascading waterfalls, Mahabaleshwar offers breathtaking
panoramic views of the valleys and the Krishna River. The town is famous for its
strawberry farms, where visitors can indulge in freshly picked strawberries. It is also
home to several viewpoints, such as Arthur's Seat and Wilson Point, which provide
stunning vistas of the surrounding landscapes.
 Lonavala:
Located in the Sahyadri mountain range, Lonavala is known for its scenic beauty
and is adorned with verdant valleys, rolling hills, and pristine lakes. The town is
renowned for its iconic tourist attractions like Tiger's Point, Bhushi Dam, and
Rajmachi Fort.

Lonavala is also famous for its mouthwatering chikki (a sweet made from jaggery
and nuts) and is a popular destination for trekkers and nature enthusiasts.
 Matheran:
Matheran is a unique hill station located near Mumbai and is known for its serene
ambiance and untouched natural beauty. What sets Matheran apart is the fact that it
is Asia's only automobile-free hill station, allowing visitors to explore its captivating
surroundings on foot, by horseback, or in hand-pulled rickshaws. The town is
adorned with dense forests, cascading waterfalls, and breathtaking viewpoints. One
of the main attractions is the Matheran Toy Train, a UNESCO World Heritage site,
which offers a scenic ride through the picturesque landscapes.
Picture of Matheran hidden in clouds, from the tracks of the Matheran Toy Train
 Panchgani:
Perched atop the Sahyadri mountain range, Panchgani is a picturesque hill station
known for its captivating landscapes and salubrious climate. The town is blessed
with lush green valleys, strawberry farms, and colonial-era architecture. Panchgani
offers magnificent viewpoints like Sydney Point and Table Land, from where
visitors can admire the surrounding hills and the Krishna River.

 Malshej Ghat:
Malshej Ghat is a scenic mountain pass located in the Western Ghats of
Maharashtra. Known for its breathtaking vistas, Malshej Ghat is adorned with misty
hills, lush green valleys, and numerous waterfalls, especially during the monsoon
season. The ghat is a paradise for birdwatchers as it attracts several migratory birds,
including flamingos.
 Amboli Ghat:
Amboli Ghat is a serene hill station situated in the Sahyadri mountain range of
Maharashtra. Known as the "Queen of Maharashtra's Hill Stations," Amboli Ghat
offers a tranquil escape into nature. It is characterized by lush green forests,
cascading waterfalls, and misty landscapes. The ghat is famous for its scenic
viewpoints, such as Sunset Point and Hiranyakeshi Temple, which offer stunning
vistas of the surrounding valleys.
Waterfall at Amboli Ghat
 Kaas Plateau:
Kaas Plateau, also known as the "Valley of Flowers," is a UNESCO World Natural
Heritage Site located near Satara in Maharashtra. Renowned for its vibrant carpet of
wildflowers and rare plant species, Kaas Plateau is a botanical paradise. During the

monsoon season, the plateau transforms into a kaleidoscope of colours with the

blooming of numerous endemic flowers. The area is also home to several insect and
bird species. Visitors can take guided tours to explore the plateau and witness its
natural splendor. Kaas Plateau's ecological significance and its breathtaking floral
display make it a must-visit destination for nature lovers and photography
enthusiasts.
The Kas Plateau Reserved Forest, also known as the Kaas Pathar

2.6 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PRACTICES
The Principles and Practices of Sustainable Tourism
Principles and practices of sustainable tourism in Maharashtra involve adopting

responsible and ethical approaches to minimize negative impacts on the environment,
preserve cultural heritage, and benefit local communities. Here are some key principles
and practices of sustainable tourism:
 Environmental Conservation:
Sustainable tourism aims to protect and conserve natural resources and minimize
environmental degradation. This involves practices such as reducing waste and
pollution, conserving water and energy, promoting biodiversity conservation, and
mitigating the impacts of climate change.
 Cultural Preservation:
Sustainable tourism respects and promotes the preservation of local cultural
heritage. It encourages visitors to engage with local communities, respect their
customs and traditions, and support cultural preservation initiatives. This includes
promoting cultural exchange, preserving historic sites, and supporting local arts,
crafts, and cultural practices.
 Community Involvement and Empowerment:

Sustainable tourism actively involves and benefits local communities. It seeks to
empower local residents by providing economic opportunities, respecting their
rights and livelihoods, and involving them in decision-making processes. This can
include community-based tourism initiatives, fair employment practices, and
capacity- building programs.

 Economic Benefits and Local Development:

Sustainable tourism strives to generate economic benefits that directly support local
communities. This involves ensuring a fair distribution of tourism revenues,
supporting local businesses and products, and promoting the use of local services
and resources. It aims to enhance local economic development, create employment
opportunities, and reduce poverty.
 Visitor Education and Awareness:

Sustainable tourism promotes visitor education and awareness about responsible
travel practices. It seeks to educate travellers about local cultures, environmental
issues, and sustainable behaviour, encouraging them to make informed choices and
minimize their impact on the destination.
 Planning and Management:

Sustainable tourism requires careful planning and management at all levels. This
includes setting carrying capacities, implementing effective waste management and
infrastructure systems, regulating tourism activities, and ensuring collaboration
between stakeholders. Sustainable tourism planning aims to maintain a balance
between visitor experiences, environmental protection, and community well-being.
 Monitoring and Evaluation:

Sustainable tourism practices involve monitoring and evaluating the impacts of
tourism activities. This helps identify potential issues and areas for improvement,
ensuring that sustainable practices are maintained and adjusted as needed.
By following these principles and implementing sustainable tourism practices in

Maharashtra, destinations can create positive and long-lasting impacts, fostering
environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and socio-economic development.

Exploring Eco-friendly Accommodations in Maharashtra for Eco-Tourism
Maharashtra offers a range of eco-friendly accommodations that prioritize sustainability

and environmental conservation. These accommodations aim to provide guests with
comfortable and memorable experiences while minimizing their carbon footprint.
 The Machan, Lonavala:

Known for its unique treehouse-style accommodations, The Machan in Lonavala
promotes sustainable practices such as rainwater harvesting, the use of solar power,
and eco-friendly waste management.
 Dapoli Eco Beach Resort, Dapoli:

Situated near the pristine Murud Beach, Dapoli Eco Beach Resorts focus on
practices like rainwater harvesting, organic farming, and renewable energy usage.

 Svasara Jungle Lodge, Tadoba:

Svasara Jungle Lodge near Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve offers luxurious eco-
friendly accommodations with a strong focus on sustainability and wildlife
conservation.
 Off The Grid Farm, Kamshet:

Nestled amidst lush greenery in Kamshet, Off the Grid Farm offers eco-friendly
cottages made with locally sourced materials and encourages sustainable living
practices.
 MTDC Eco-Huts, Bhandardara:

Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) offers eco-friendly huts in
Bhandardara that blend into the natural surroundings and utilize solar power for
electricity.
 The Beach House, Murud:

The Beach House in Murud emphasizes sustainable practices and eco-friendly
design. It offers cottages with solar water heaters, rainwater harvesting, and natural
ventilation systems.

 Atithi Parinay, Alibaug:

Atithi Parinay in Alibaug is an eco-friendly homestay that promotes sustainable
living practices and offers comfortable accommodations with a focus on
environmental conservation.
 The Fern Samali Resort, Dapoli:

The Fern Samali Resort in Dapoli is an eco-friendly property that utilizes solar
energy, rainwater harvesting, and energy-efficient practices to reduce its
environmental impact.

 Grassroutes, Purushwadi:
Grassroutes in Purushwadi offers eco-friendly village stays and experiences,
showcasing rural life while promoting sustainable practices and supporting local
communities.
 The Blackbuck Lodge, Velavadar:

Located near Velavadar National Park, The Blackbuck Lodge offers eco-friendly
accommodations and promotes wildlife conservation and responsible tourism
practices.
These are just a few examples of eco-friendly accommodations in Maharashtra. Many

more establishments are adopting sustainable practices to provide environmentally
conscious options for travellers seeking eco-friendly stays.
Exploring Waste Management in Maharashtra for Eco-Tourism
Waste management is an essential aspect of promoting eco-tourism in Maharashtra.

Effective waste management practices ensure the preservation of natural environments,
prevent pollution and maintain the aesthetic appeal of tourist destinations. Here are
some key aspects of waste management in Maharashtra for eco-tourism:
 Segregation and Recycling:

Encouraging waste segregation at the source is crucial. Maharashtra promotes the
separation of waste into different categories, such as organic, recyclable, and non-
recyclable waste. This enables effective recycling and reduces the volume of waste
sent to landfills.
 Composting:
Composting organic waste is a sustainable waste management practice. Maharashtra
promotes the implementation of composting systems, both at the community level
and within accommodations, to convert organic waste into nutrient-rich compost for
gardening and agriculture.
 Waste Reduction and Minimization:

Maharashtra emphasizes waste reduction and minimization strategies. This includes
promoting the use of eco-friendly and biodegradable products, encouraging tourists
and accommodations to avoid single-use plastics, and adopting practices to
minimize waste generation.

Raising awareness among tourists, local communities, and hospitality businesses is
vital for effective waste management. Maharashtra conducts awareness campaigns,
workshops, and educational programs to promote responsible waste disposal,
recycling, and the importance of reducing waste.
 Collaboration with Local Authorities:

Maharashtra works in collaboration with local authorities, waste management
agencies, and tourism stakeholders to develop and implement waste management
plans. This includes establishing waste collection systems, waste treatment facilities,
and ensuring proper disposal methods are in place.
 Cleanliness and Maintenance:

Regular cleaning and maintenance of tourist sites and accommodations are crucial to
maintaining a clean and hygienic environment. Maharashtra emphasizes the
importance of cleanliness, waste collection, and maintaining sanitation facilities in
popular tourist areas.
 Encouraging Responsible Tourism Behaviour:

Maharashtra encourages responsible tourism behaviour by educating visitors about
the significance of proper waste management. This includes providing information
about waste disposal practices, encouraging tourists to carry reusable water bottles
and bags, and promoting responsible waste disposal when exploring natural areas.
By implementing effective waste management practices, Maharashtra aims to create a

cleaner and more sustainable environment for eco-tourism. These efforts help preserve
the natural beauty of tourist destinations, protect wildlife habitats, and ensure the well-
being of local communities and visitors.
Exploring Energy Conservation in Maharashtra for Eco-Tourism
Energy conservation plays a crucial role in promoting eco-tourism in Maharashtra. By

implementing energy-efficient practices and utilizing renewable energy sources, the
state can reduce its carbon footprint, minimize environmental impact, and enhance
sustainability. Here are some examples of energy conservation initiatives in
Maharashtra for eco-tourism:
 Solar Power Generation:

Maharashtra promotes the use of solar power as a clean and renewable energy
source. Many eco-friendly accommodations, tourist facilities, and public spaces in
Maharashtra utilize solar panels to generate electricity for lighting, heating, and
other energy needs. For example, resorts like The Machan in Lonavala and The Fern
Samali Resort in Dapoli employ solar power systems for sustainable energy
generation.
 Energy-Efficient Lighting:
Encouraging the use of energy-efficient lighting systems is an effective way to
conserve energy. Maharashtra promotes the use of LED lights, which consume
significantly less electricity compared to traditional incandescent bulbs. Many eco-
friendly accommodations, such as The Beach House in Murud, prioritize energy-
efficient lighting solutions throughout their premises.
 Energy Management Systems:

Implementing energy management systems allows better control and optimization of
energy usage. Maharashtra encourages accommodations to adopt smart energy
management practices, including energy monitoring, automatic lighting controls,
and occupancy sensors. These systems help reduce energy wastage and ensure
efficient energy utilization.
 Efficient HVAC Systems:

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems can consume significant
amounts of energy. Maharashtra promotes the installation of energy-efficient HVAC
systems that optimize cooling and heating operations while minimizing energy
consumption. This helps reduce the overall energy demand and associated
environmental impact. Eco-friendly accommodations like Svasara Jungle Lodge
near Tadoba and The Blackbuck Lodge in Velavadar prioritize efficient HVAC
systems.

Maharashtra conducts awareness campaigns and educational programs to promote
energy conservation among tourists, local communities, and hospitality businesses.
These initiatives aim to raise awareness about the importance of energy
conservation, energy-saving practices, and the benefits of utilizing renewable energy
sources.
 Government Incentives:
The Maharashtra government provides incentives and subsidies for the adoption of
renewable energy systems and energy-efficient practices. This encourages
accommodations and tourism businesses to invest in sustainable energy solutions
and technologies.
By implementing energy conservation initiatives, Maharashtra can reduce its reliance on

conventional energy sources, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and create a more

sustainable tourism industry. These efforts contribute to the overall goal of promoting
eco-tourism while preserving the state's natural beauty and protecting its ecosystems.
Examples of Sustainable Tourism Initiatives in Maharashtra
 Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) Green Initiatives:

MTDC has implemented various green initiatives, including promoting eco-friendly
accommodations, waste management, and sustainable practices in tourist
destinations.
 Elephanta Island Solar Project:

The government initiated a solar power project on Elephanta Island to reduce its
dependency on diesel generators and promote clean energy.
 Development of Ecotourism Zones:

The Maharashtra government has identified and developed ecotourism zones across
the state, such as Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary and Karnala Bird Sanctuary, to
promote sustainable tourism and conservation.
 Promotion of Rural and Agro Tourism:

The government encourages rural and agro-tourism, providing support to local
communities to develop sustainable tourism activities that showcase their culture,
traditions, and agriculture.
 Mangrove Conservation and Tourism:

Initiatives have been taken to conserve and protect mangrove ecosystems along the
Maharashtra coast, allowing tourists to explore these unique habitats in a sustainable
manner.

 Beach Cleanliness and Conservation:

The government focuses on beach cleanliness and conservation programs,
conducting regular clean-up drives and awareness campaigns to maintain the
pristine beauty of coastal areas.
 Nature Interpretation Centres:

Maharashtra government has established nature interpretation centres in various
wildlife reserves and national parks to educate visitors about the importance of
biodiversity, conservation, and sustainable practices.
 Maharashtra Nature Park, Mumbai:

The Maharashtra Nature Park in Mumbai is a green oasis developed on reclaimed
land, showcasing the importance of urban biodiversity conservation and providing a
recreational space for citizens.
 Sustainable Heritage Conservation:

Efforts are made to promote sustainable conservation practices for heritage sites,
such as the restoration and preservation of historical forts, caves, and monuments.
 Green Transport Initiatives:

The government promotes eco-friendly transportation options, such as electric buses
and vehicles, to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution in tourist destinations.
 Agroforestry and Plantation Drives:

Maharashtra government conducts agroforestry and plantation drives, encouraging
tree planting initiatives to enhance green cover and promote sustainable land use
practices.

 Waste Management and Recycling:

The government focuses on waste management and recycling programs in tourist
areas, implementing systems for waste segregation, recycling, and reducing plastic
pollution.
 Water Conservation and Rainwater Harvesting:

Initiatives are undertaken to promote water conservation and rainwater harvesting in
tourism establishments, ensuring responsible water usage and reducing the strain on
local water resources.
 Sustainable Adventure Tourism:

Maharashtra promotes sustainable adventure tourism practices by ensuring safety
measures, minimizing environmental impact, and supporting responsible adventure
tour operators.
 Ecological Restoration Projects:

The government invests in ecological restoration projects to revive degraded
ecosystems and enhance their biodiversity value, such as the restoration of degraded
forests and wetlands.

2.7 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC

IMPACT
Eco-tourism, which focuses on environmentally sustainable practices and local

community involvement, can have a positive socio-economic impact in Maharashtra.
 Employment and Income Generation:

Eco-tourism initiatives in Maharashtra create employment opportunities for local
communities, particularly in rural and remote areas. People can work as nature
guides, trekking or wildlife tour operators, homestay hosts, artisans selling
handicrafts, and in other related services. This helps generate income and reduces
rural-urban migration.
 Capacity Building and Skill Development:

Eco-tourism projects often involve training and capacity-building programs for local
communities. These programs equip individuals with skills such as guiding,
hospitality, organic farming, waste management, and handicraft production. By
developing these skills, residents can secure better livelihoods and contribute to the
sustainability of eco-tourism initiatives.
 Conservation and Environmental Awareness:

Eco-tourism promotes the preservation of Maharashtra's natural resources, including
its forests, wildlife, and scenic landscapes. Tourists visiting eco-tourism sites often
gain awareness about environmental issues and the importance of conservation. This
knowledge can be shared with local communities, fostering a sense of responsibility
towards protecting their natural heritage.
 Community Empowerment and Cultural Preservation:

Eco-tourism encourages the involvement of local communities in decision-making
processes, empowering them to have a stake in the development and management of

tourism initiatives. Emphasizing community-based tourism allows for the

preservation of indigenous cultures, traditions, and handicrafts, thereby safeguarding
Maharashtra's rich cultural diversity.
 Infrastructure Development:
Eco-tourism initiatives often necessitate the development of infrastructure such as
eco-lodges, interpretation centres, nature trails, and waste management systems.
This infrastructure development not only enhances the visitor experience but also
benefits the local communities by providing opportunities for entrepreneurship and
investment.
 Economic Linkages and Local Sourcing:

Eco-tourism establishments in Maharashtra often prioritize sourcing goods and
services locally, including food, handicrafts, and other supplies. This creates
economic linkages between tourism enterprises and local producers, fostering
economic growth and supporting local industries.
 Community Welfare and Social Development:

Revenues generated through eco-tourism can be channelled towards community welfare
and social development projects. Investments in education, healthcare, sanitation, and
infrastructure further improve the quality of life for local residents.
It is important to note that successful eco-tourism implementation requires collaboration

between government agencies, local communities, tourism operators, and other
stakeholders. Sustainable practices, responsible tourism guidelines, and monitoring
mechanisms should be in place to ensure the long-term viability of eco-tourism in
Maharashtra while preserving its natural and cultural heritage.

CHAPTER 3: ROLE OF ECO-TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
3.1 NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ECO-

TOURISM
Eco-tourism holds significant importance in Maharashtra, a state blessed with diverse

natural landscapes, wildlife, and cultural heritage. Implementing eco-tourism practices
in Maharashtra is crucial for several reasons.
Firstly, eco-tourism can contribute to the conservation of Maharashtra's rich

biodiversity. The state is home to iconic wildlife reserves like Tadoba-Andhari Tiger
Reserve, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, and Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary. By
promoting sustainable tourism practices, such as controlled visitor numbers, minimal
disturbance to habitats, and responsible wildlife viewing, eco-tourism can help protect
and preserve these delicate ecosystems for future generations.
Secondly, the implementation of eco-tourism in Maharashtra can bring about

sustainable development. By embracing practices that minimize environmental impacts,
such as promoting renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable transportation
options, the state can ensure that tourism growth is balanced with ecological and social
considerations. This approach leads to the creation of long-term economic opportunities
while preserving the natural resources that make Maharashtra a desirable tourist
destination.
Thirdly, eco-tourism has the potential to empower local communities in Maharashtra.

By involving residents in tourism activities, such as community-based homestays,
guided tours, or handicraft production, eco-tourism provides an avenue for locals to
actively participate in and benefit from the tourism industry. This not only generates
income and employment but also helps preserve local traditions, cultures, and
indigenous knowledge.
Fourthly, eco-tourism plays a crucial role in raising environmental awareness and

education among tourists and local communities. By providing educational experiences
and interactive programs, tourists can learn about conservation, sustainability, and the
importance of protecting natural resources. This awareness fosters a sense of
responsibility and encourages tourists to make informed choices, ultimately contributing
to the preservation of Maharashtra's natural and cultural heritage.
Lastly, implementing eco-tourism can have a positive impact on the state's economy.
Maharashtra already attracts a significant number of tourists due to its historical sites,
beaches, and national parks. By positioning itself as a sustainable and eco-friendly
destination, the state can attract a niche market of environmentally conscious travellers
who seek unique experiences in harmony with nature. This can lead to increased
tourism revenue, job creation, and the growth of local businesses.
In conclusion, the implementation of eco-tourism in Maharashtra is essential for the

conservation of its biodiversity, sustainable development, community empowerment,
environmental education, and economic growth. By adopting responsible tourism
practices, Maharashtra can showcase its natural and cultural treasures while ensuring
their preservation for future generations. To successfully implement eco-tourism in
Maharashtra, it is essential to establish proper regulations, infrastructure, and policies
that support sustainable tourism practices. Additionally, raising awareness among
tourists and local communities about the benefits of eco-tourism and providing training
programs for local guides and service providers can contribute to its effective
implementation and long- term success.
Examples of how Eco-Tourism can be implemented in Maharashtra
The implementation of eco-tourism in Maharashtra can bring numerous benefits,

including the conservation of natural resources, economic development, and promotion

of sustainable practices. Here are a few examples of how eco-tourism can be

implemented in Maharashtra:
 Wildlife Conservation and Safari Tours:

Maharashtra is home to several wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, such as
Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve, Pench National Park, and Melghat Tiger Reserve.
These areas can be developed for eco-tourism, providing visitors with opportunities
for guided safari tours, bird watching, and nature walks while ensuring minimal
disturbance to the wildlife and their habitats.
 Agro-tourism:
Maharashtra has a rich agricultural landscape, with farms cultivating a variety of
crops like grapes, oranges, and pomegranates. Agro-tourism initiatives can be
established to educate visitors about sustainable farming practices, organic farming,
and traditional agricultural techniques. Visitors can participate in activities like fruit
picking, traditional cooking classes, and staying at eco-friendly farm resorts.
 Nature Trails and Trekking:

Maharashtra boasts stunning natural landscapes, including the Western Ghats
Mountain range, waterfalls like Thoseghar and Dudhsagar, and scenic hill stations
like Mahabaleshwar and Matheran. Developing well-marked nature trails and
promoting responsible trekking can encourage eco-tourism. Local guides can
educate visitors about the importance of biodiversity conservation and maintaining
cleanliness in these fragile ecosystems.
 Coastal and Marine Tourism:

Maharashtra has a vast coastline along the Arabian Sea, offering opportunities for
eco-tourism initiatives focused on marine conservation. Activities like dolphin and
turtle watching, coral reef exploration, and snorkelling can be promoted while

ensuring adherence to sustainable practices. Efforts should also be made to raise

awareness about the preservation of marine habitats and reducing pollution.
 Heritage and Cultural Tourism:

Maharashtra is renowned for its historical and cultural heritage, including UNESCO
World Heritage Sites like the Ajanta and Ellora Caves, Elephanta Caves, and
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus. Eco-tourism can be integrated with heritage
tourism by promoting sustainable transportation options, minimizing waste
generation, and creating visitor experiences that celebrate local traditions and crafts.
 Community-based Tourism:
Engaging local communities in eco-tourism initiatives can create sustainable
livelihoods while preserving cultural and natural resources. Homestays and
community-run guesthouses can be encouraged, allowing visitors to experience
local culture, cuisine, and traditional activities. These initiatives can be
complemented by handicraft workshops, village walks, and cultural performances,
providing direct economic benefits to local communities.
It's important to note that the successful implementation of eco-tourism in Maharashtra

requires collaboration between government agencies, local communities, tourism
operators, and environmental organizations. Careful planning and monitoring are
necessary to ensure that eco-tourism practices align with conservation goals and the
well- being of both the environment and local communities.

3.2 DRAWBACKS OF ECO-TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
While eco-tourism in Maharashtra has numerous benefits, it is important to consider

some of the potential drawbacks associated with its implementation. Here are a few
drawbacks of eco-tourism in Maharashtra:
 Infrastructure Challenges:
Implementing eco-tourism practices often requires significant investments in
infrastructure development, including waste management systems, eco-friendly
accommodations, and transportation options. Maharashtra's remote and ecologically
sensitive areas may lack the necessary infrastructure, making it challenging to
accommodate a large number of tourists while minimizing environmental impacts.
 Limited Accessibility:
Maharashtra's natural landscapes, such as dense forests or hilly terrains, may pose
accessibility challenges for eco-tourism activities. Limited road networks or
inadequate transportation options can restrict tourist flow and hinder the growth of
eco-tourism in remote areas.
 Conflicting Interests:
Balancing the interests of different stakeholders can be a challenge in eco-tourism
implementation. Local communities may have diverse opinions on the level of
tourism development and its impact on their lives and resources. Conflict may arise
between conservation efforts and the desire for economic growth, requiring careful
planning and collaboration among stakeholders.
 Risk of Overcrowding and Degradation:

Eco-tourism, if not managed properly, can lead to overcrowding and the degradation
of natural habitats. Increased visitor numbers can put stress on fragile ecosystems,

disturb wildlife, and cause habitat destruction. Without effective management

strategies, eco-tourism can lead to the very degradation it seeks to prevent.
 Loss of Cultural Authenticity:

Mass tourism, even in its eco-friendly form, can sometimes dilute or commodify
local cultures and traditions. The influx of tourists and their demands may alter the
authentic cultural experiences, leading to a loss of traditional practices and a shift
towards catering to tourist preferences, potentially eroding the unique identity of
local communities.
 Dependency on Tourism:
Over-reliance on eco-tourism can create economic vulnerability for local
communities. Fluctuations in tourist arrivals, changes in travel trends, or natural
disasters can have significant economic impacts, leaving communities dependent on
tourism vulnerable to downturns.
To address these drawbacks, careful planning, stakeholder engagement, and sustainable

management strategies are essential. It is crucial to strike a balance between tourism
development and environmental conservation while considering the social and
economic well-being of local communities. Implementing effective regulations,
monitoring visitor numbers, and educating tourists about responsible behaviour can help
mitigate the potential negative impacts of eco-tourism in Maharashtra.

3.3 HOW TO BECOME AN ECO-TOURIST?
Becoming an eco-tourist in Maharashtra involves adopting responsible and sustainable

travel practices that minimize your environmental impact and support local
communities. Here are some steps you can take to become an eco-tourist in
Maharashtra:
 Choose Eco-Friendly Accommodation:

Look for accommodations that prioritize sustainability and environmental practices.
Consider staying at eco-lodges, nature resorts, or homestays that have implemented
green initiatives such as energy and water conservation, waste management, and the
use of renewable resources.
 Respect the Natural Environment:

When exploring Maharashtra's natural attractions, follow responsible tourism
guidelines. Stay on designated trails, avoid littering, and never disturb or harm
wildlife or their habitats. Take care to preserve the pristine beauty of the landscapes
and leave them as you found them.
 Support Local Communities:

Engage with local communities and support their livelihoods by opting for locally-
owned accommodations, restaurants, and shops. Purchase locally made handicrafts
and products that are sustainably sourced, thereby contributing to the local economy
and cultural preservation.
 Minimize Plastic Usage:

Carry a reusable water bottle and refill it from safe sources whenever possible.
Reduce the consumption of single-use plastic items such as straws, bags, and cutlery.
Properly dispose of any waste you generate and participate in community-led
cleanup initiatives if available.

 Choose Sustainable Transportation:

Opt for public transportation, shared taxis, or carpooling to reduce carbon
emissions. If renting a vehicle, choose fuel-efficient options. Consider using
bicycles or walking for shorter distances to experience the surroundings more
intimately and reduce your environmental impact.
 Learn and Educate:

Take the opportunity to learn about the local environment, culture, and conservation
efforts in Maharashtra. Visit interpretive centres, join guided tours led by local
experts, or participate in eco-educational programs. Share your knowledge with
others to raise awareness about eco-tourism and its importance.
 Support Conservation Initiatives:

Contribute to conservation efforts by visiting national parks, wildlife sanctuaries,
and protected areas in Maharashtra. Pay entrance fees that go towards conservation
and research projects. Consider volunteering with local organizations that work
towards environmental protection and wildlife conservation.
 Practice Sustainable Photography:

When capturing the beauty of Maharashtra's landscapes and wildlife, do so
responsibly. Respect guidelines for wildlife photography, maintain a safe distance
from animals, and avoid using flash photography that may disturb or harm them.
Refrain from purchasing products made from endangered species or illegal wildlife
trade.
By adopting these practices, you can contribute to the preservation of Maharashtra's

natural and cultural heritage while supporting the well-being of local communities.
Remember that small changes in your travel habits can make a significant positive
impact on the environment and the lives of the people in the places you visit.

3.4 SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES OF COMMUNITY-LED ECO-

TOURISM PROJECTS IN MAHARASHTRA.
 Vruksha Homestays, Mawal:

Vruksha Homestays is a community-based eco-tourism initiative in the Mawal
region of Maharashtra. Local villagers have transformed their homes into eco-
friendly accommodations, offering visitors an authentic rural experience. They
engage in organic farming, promote sustainable practices, and provide opportunities
for tourists to participate in village activities and cultural exchanges.
 Bhimashankar Nature Trails, Pune:

Bhimashankar Nature Trails is a community-led eco-tourism project near
Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary in Pune district. The initiative involves local
villagers who serve as guides, provide accommodation in eco-friendly cottages, and
organize nature walks and bird-watching tours. The project contributes to
conservation efforts, creates employment opportunities, and raises awareness about
the importance of preserving the sanctuary.
 Nisargopachar Kendra, Sindhudurg:

Nisargopachar Kendra is a community-led nature education and eco-tourism centre
located in Sindhudurg district. It offers visitors guided tours, nature trails, and
workshops on sustainable living and biodiversity conservation. The initiative is run
by local villagers who have undergone training to become naturalists and eco-
guides, fostering a sense of ownership and stewardship of the region's natural
resources.
 SGNP Nature Information Centre, Mumbai:

Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) Nature Information Centre in Mumbai is a
community-led initiative that promotes eco-tourism and environmental education.
The centre, managed by local volunteers, provides information about the park's
flora, fauna, and conservation efforts. Visitors can participate in nature walks, bird
watching, and awareness programs, contributing to the park's conservation and

community engagement.
 Vanvadi Eco-Tourism, Satara:

Vanvadi Eco-Tourism is a community-led project in Satara district that focuses on
agro-tourism and sustainable farming practices. Local villagers offer visitors a
chance to experience rural life, participate in farming activities, learn about organic
farming techniques, and enjoy local cuisine. The project generates income for the
community and promotes the preservation of traditional agricultural practices.
 Ransai Ecotourism, Ahmednagar:

Ransai Ecotourism is a community-driven initiative in Ahmednagar district that
showcases the region's natural beauty and cultural heritage. Local villagers act as
guides, offering visitors trekking experiences, wildlife sighting opportunities, and
insights into the traditional lifestyle of the indigenous communities. The project
helps preserve the local environment and supports the socio-economic development
of the region.
 Velas Turtle Festival, Ratnagiri:

Velas Turtle Festival is a community-based eco-tourism project organized annually
in Ratnagiri district to promote the conservation of Olive Ridley turtles. The
initiative involves local villagers who facilitate guided tours to witness turtle nesting
and hatching. The festival not only raises awareness about turtle conservation but
also generates income for the local community through tourism-related activities.
 Dongarmatha Eco-Tourism, Sindhudurg:

Dongarmatha Eco-Tourism is a community-led project located in Sindhudurg
district. The initiative aims to conserve the region's coastal ecosystems and promote
sustainable tourism practices. Local fishermen act as guides, offering visitors
opportunities for snorkelling, coral reef exploration, and marine biodiversity
observation. The project contributes to environmental conservation and supports the

livelihoods of coastal communities.
 Malshej Ghat Agro Tourism, Pune:

Malshej Ghat Agro Tourism is a community-led initiative in Pune district that
focuses on rural tourism and agricultural experiences. Local farmers and villagers
provide accommodations, guided farm tours, and activities like bullock cart rides,
fruit plucking, and traditional cooking demonstrations. The project supports the
local economy and promotes the preservation of traditional agricultural practices.
 Manoli Village Eco-Tourism, Nashik:

Manoli Village Eco-Tourism is a community-driven project in Nashik district that
offers visitors an immersive rural experience. Local villagers showcase their
traditional way of life through activities like pottery making, cow milking, and
farming demonstrations. The initiative helps preserve local traditions, generates
income for the community, and educates visitors about sustainable rural practices.
 Chetana Eco-Tourism, Vasota:

Chetana Eco-Tourism is a community-based initiative in the vicinity of Vasota Fort
and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary in Maharashtra. It aims to conserve the biodiversity
and cultural heritage of the area while providing sustainable livelihood opportunities
for local villagers. Visitors can experience activities like trekking, bird watching,
and boating, guided by trained local villagers who act as guides and custodians of
the environment.
 Grassroutes, Purushwadi:
Grassroutes is an award-winning social enterprise that focuses on rural tourism and
community development. In Purushwadi, a village in Maharashtra, Grassroutes has
worked closely with the local community to create sustainable livelihoods through
eco-tourism initiatives. Visitors can experience rural life, stay in traditional village
homes, engage in activities like farming, participate in local festivals, and contribute
to the community's development.
 Svasara Jungle Lodge, Tadoba:

Svasara Jungle Lodge in Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve is an example of a
community-led eco-tourism project that prioritizes conservation and community
involvement. The lodge is owned and operated by a local family, providing
employment opportunities to the community. They follow sustainable practices,
promote wildlife conservation, and engage in community development initiatives,
such as education and healthcare support.
 Kaas Pathar Eco-Tourism, Satara:

Kaas Pathar, also known as the "Valley of Flowers" in Satara district, Maharashtra,
is a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site famous for its seasonal wildflower
bloom. The local community, in collaboration with government authorities, has
developed eco-tourism initiatives to protect the fragile ecosystem while offering
visitors guided tours, interpretation centres, and ensuring responsible visitor
management.
These case studies highlight the successful integration of community-led initiatives,

sustainable practices, and conservation efforts in promoting eco-tourism in Maharashtra.

3.5 FUTURE OF ECO-TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA
The future of eco-tourism in Maharashtra holds immense potential for sustainable

development, conservation, and community empowerment. As the world becomes
increasingly aware of the need for responsible travel practices, Maharashtra, with its
diverse natural landscapes and cultural heritage, is poised to become a prominent eco-
tourism destination.
In the coming years, we expect to see a greater emphasis on eco-friendly infrastructure

development, including eco-lodges, renewable energy systems, and sustainable
transportation options. Investments in these areas will create a more sustainable tourism
ecosystem, ensuring visitors can experience Maharashtra's natural beauty while
minimizing environmental impact.
Furthermore, community involvement will continue to play a vital role in the future of
eco-tourism in Maharashtra. Local communities can actively participate in tourism
activities, such as offering homestays, providing guided tours, or showcasing traditional
arts and crafts. This involvement will enhance the authenticity of the visitor experience,
create economic opportunities, and foster a sense of pride and ownership among local
residents.
Conservation efforts will be paramount in shaping the future of eco-tourism in

Maharashtra. There will be a greater focus on preserving and protecting the state's
fragile ecosystems, wildlife habitats, and cultural heritage sites. Maharashtra can ensure
the long- term preservation of its natural and cultural treasures by implementing
sustainable tourism practices, such as controlled visitor numbers, biodiversity
conservation initiatives, and educational programs.
Technological advancements will also contribute to the future of eco-tourism in

Maharashtra. Using innovative tools and platforms, such as virtual reality experiences

and online education modules, will enable a broader audience to engage with eco-
tourism initiatives and learn about the importance of environmental conservation. These
technologies can provide immersive and educational experiences that inspire visitors to
become advocates for sustainable tourism practices.
As eco-tourism continues to gain popularity, Maharashtra has the opportunity to

position itself as a global leader in sustainable travel. By embracing responsible tourism
practices, encouraging community participation, and investing in conservation efforts,
Maharashtra can create a future where eco-tourism drives environmental protection,
economic growth, and preserving its natural and cultural heritage.

CHAPTER 4: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of Literature provides a crucial outline of analysis already done on the relevant
topic. It provides readers with a fast summary of the problem addressed, stresses the
requirement for the new study, and demonstrates however it will contribute to existing
proof. Review of Literature is conducted to generate a theoretical and knowledge base a
couple of specific development and leads to a synthesis of what's celebrated and
unknown that phenomenon. The first purpose of literature is to realize a broad
background available associated with issues in conducting analysis. Therefore, it
facilitates selecting an issue and its purpose, developing a framework and formulating a
lesson arrange. In brief, review of relevant literature is associate degree analysis and
synthesis of analysis sources to come up with an image of what's celebrated a couple of
specific situations and to show the information gaps that exist within the state of affairs.
Review of Literature related to The Role of Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra
"Eco-Tourism and Sustainable Development in Maharashtra" by Patel, S. et al.

(2017)
 This study examines the potential of eco-tourism in Maharashtra as a tool for
sustainable development.
 It explores the environmental, social, and economic benefits of eco-tourism in the
state.
 The research highlights the role of government policies and community involvement
in promoting eco-tourism initiatives.
"Assessing the Eco-tourism Potential of Maharashtra: A Case Study" by Sharma,

R. et al. (2019)
 This case study assesses the Eco-tourism potential of Maharashtra by analysing its
natural attractions and resources.

 It identifies key Eco-tourism destinations in the state and evaluates their current status.
 The research provides recommendations for infrastructure development and
community engagement to enhance Eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
"Economic Impacts of Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra: A Comparative Study" by

Gupta, A. (2018)
 This study investigates the economic impacts of eco-tourism in Maharashtra
compared to conventional tourism.
 It analyses the revenue generation, job creation, and income distribution associated
with eco-tourism activities.
 The research highlights the positive economic outcomes and suggests strategies for
maximizing the economic benefits of eco-tourism.
"Community Participation in Eco-tourism Development: A Case Study of

Maharashtra" by Desai, M. et al. (2020)
 This research focuses on the role of community participation in Eco-tourism
development in Maharashtra.
 It examines the level of community involvement, their perceptions, and the
benefits they derive from eco-tourism activities.
 The study emphasizes the importance of community empowerment and
capacity- building for sustainable Eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
"Environmental Impacts of Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra: A Review" by Joshi, P.

et al. (2018)
 This review article assesses the environmental impacts of eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
 It examines the effects of visitor activities on natural resources, ecosystems, and
wildlife.
 The research emphasizes the need for sustainable practices, environmental
education, and conservation measures to mitigate negative environmental impacts.

"Role of Government in Promoting Eco-Tourism: A Case of Maharashtra" by

Chavan, P. et al. (2019)
 This study explores the role of the government in promoting eco-tourism in
Maharashtra.
 It evaluates government policies, initiatives, and funding mechanisms for supporting
eco-tourism projects.
 The research provides insights into the challenges and opportunities for effective
government intervention in eco-tourism development.
These literature sources offer valuable insights into the role of eco-tourism in
Maharashtra, including its economic, environmental, and social dimensions, community
participation, government involvement, and sustainability considerations. They
contribute to a comprehensive understanding of eco-tourism and its potential in
Maharashtra.

CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select,

process, and analyse information about a topic. In a research paper, the methodology
section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study’s overall validity and reliability.
The methodology section answers two main questions: How was the data collected or
generated? How was it analysed?
5.1 RESEARCH STATEMENT:
 A study to understand The Role of Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra
5.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
 To study Eco-Tourism in Maharashtra and to understand its role.

To assess the current status of eco-tourism initiatives in Maharashtra.
 To examine the environmental impact of eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
 To understand the socio-cultural benefits and challenges associated with eco-
tourism in Maharashtra.
 To explore the perceptions and attitudes of tourists and local communities
towards eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
 To identify best practices and recommendations for promoting sustainable eco-
 To explore the role of community participation and engagement in eco-tourism
projects in Maharashtra.
 To study the effect of ecotourism development on surroundings.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies and regulations governing eco-
 To assess the impact of eco-tourism on the local economy in Maharashtra.

5.3 RESEARCH DESIGN:
Quantitative research
Quantitative research is expressed in numbers and graphs. It is used to test or confirm

theories and assumptions. This type of research can be used to establish generalizable
facts about a topic. Common quantitative methods include experiments, observations
recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions.
It is useful to find out views and attitude of respondents towards The Role of Eco-
Tourism in Maharashtra.
5.4 SAMPLING METHOD:
Random sampling method
Random sampling is a part of the sampling technique in which each sample has an
equal probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is meant to be an
unbiased representation of the total population.
5.5 SAMPLING DESIGN:
 Sample area - It means the area in which the research is been conducted and the
areas for this research are 10 different cities of Maharashtra namely – Mumbai,
Pune, Nagpur, Nashik, Thane, Aurangabad, Kolhapur, Solapur, Amravati and
Navi Mumbai.
 Sample size – It is the total number of people targeted to collect data for
research and the size of this study is 100 respondents.
 Sample period – It is the total time required to conduct the study.
 Sample technique – It is the technique used by the researcher to conduct
research. This study is based on non-probability technique and convenience
technique.

5.6 DATA COLLECTION:
The data for this study has been collected through both primary and secondary sources.
The primary data has been collected through a questionnaire with a sample size of 100
respondents using google forms. The secondary data is information gathered from
previously conducted study. The secondary data for this study has been collected through
different websites, books, newspapers and articles.
5.7 ANALYSIS OF DATA:
Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical

techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data. The data
collected has been analysed by using Pie Charts and Bar Diagram. After graphical
representation, the interpretations were noted down.
5.8 LIMITATIONS:
 The results are based on primary data. It is assumed that respondents may have
given unbiased data.
 The accuracy of the result is also limited to the reliability of methods of
investigation, measurement, and analysis of data.
 It was not possible to cover every aspect. This poses to be a serious limitation.
 Since the data is taken from various books and websites, the data available is not
recent.
 The data collected may or may not be accurate because the respondents might
have been biased.
 The area of the study is limited that it covers 10 cities of Maharashtra only.

CHAPTER 6: DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
In order to know more about the perception and opinions regarding the Role of Eco-
tourism in Maharashtra., a questionnaire was given to 100 individuals from 10 different
cities of Maharashtra. After receiving 100 responses, we noted certain findings. The
analysis and interpretation of the data are as follows:
6.1 ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY DATA
Q1. Which of the following age groups do you belong to?
AGE PERCENTAGE
20 and below 14%
21-30 34%
31-40 21%
41-50 17%
51-60 9%
60 and above 5%

Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that the respondents are distributed across
various age groups. The largest proportion of respondents falls in the age group of 21-
30 (34%), followed by the age groups of 31-40 (21%) and 41-50 (17%). The age groups
of 20 and below, 51-60, and 60 and above represent smaller percentages of the
respondents at 14%, 9%, and 5% respectively. This distribution indicates that the study
includes a diverse range of participants from different age groups. It suggests that
people across various stages of life have been considered and their perspectives on the
topic under investigation have been accounted for. Analysing the data based on age
groups can help provide a comprehensive understanding of how different age cohorts
perceive and engage with the subject matter, allowing for more nuanced and targeted
insights to be drawn from the study.
Q2. Which is your current place of Residence?
PLACE PERCENTAGE
Mumbai 32%
Pune 11%
Nagpur 9%
Nashik 11%
Thane 10%

Aurangabad 5%
Kolhapur 5%
Solapur 3%
Amravati 5%
Navi Mumbai 9%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that the respondents' current place of residence
is diverse, representing various cities in Maharashtra. Mumbai has the highest
percentage of respondents at 32%, followed by Pune at 11%, Nagpur and Nashik at 9%
each, and Thane at 10%. The remaining cities, including Aurangabad, Kolhapur,
Solapur, Amravati, and Navi Mumbai, each account for smaller percentages ranging
from 3% to 5%. This distribution highlights the representation of respondents from
different regions of Maharashtra, indicating a geographically diverse sample. This data
suggests that the findings and insights derived from this study can provide a broader
perspective on the role of eco-tourism in Maharashtra, as it takes into account the
viewpoints and experiences of respondents from various cities across the state.
Q3. Have you travelled within Maharashtra for tourism purposes?

PARTICULARS PERCENTAGE
Yes 97%
No 3%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a significant majority of respondents (97%)
have travelled to Maharashtra for tourism purposes, while only a small percentage (3%)
have not. This indicates that Maharashtra is a popular destination among the
respondents for tourism. The high percentage of individuals who have visited
Maharashtra for tourism suggests that the state offers attractive and appealing
experiences for travellers. Maharashtra's diverse range of attractions, including
historical sites, cultural heritage, natural landscapes, and vibrant cities, may contribute
to its popularity as a tourism destination. This data highlights the potential for continued
growth in the tourism industry in Maharashtra and the importance of further developing
and promoting tourism infrastructure, services, and experiences to cater to the
increasing demand from visitors.
Q4. Have you heard of Eco-tourism?

Yes 82%
No 9%
Maybe 9%
Interpretation:
have heard of eco-tourism, indicating a high level of awareness about this concept. A
smaller proportion of respondents (9%) indicated that they have not heard of eco-
tourism, while another 9% responded with "maybe," suggesting some level of
familiarity but not complete certainty. The high percentage of respondents who have
heard of eco-tourism reflects a growing recognition and understanding of the
importance of sustainable and responsible tourism practices. It indicates that eco-
tourism is gaining traction and visibility among the general population, possibly due to
increased awareness campaigns, educational initiatives, and media coverage.
Q5. Have you ever visited any eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra?
Yes 79%
No 21%

Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a significant majority of the respondents
(79%) have visited eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra, while a smaller portion
(21%) indicated that they have not. This finding suggests that there is a substantial level
of interest and engagement among the respondents in exploring eco-tourism
destinations within Maharashtra. The high percentage of individuals who have visited
eco-tourism destinations reflects the popularity and appeal of these sustainable travel
experiences in the state. It indicates that eco-tourism initiatives in Maharashtra are
successful in attracting visitors who are seeking environmentally friendly and culturally
immersive travel opportunities. The data highlights the positive impact of eco-tourism
on the local economy, conservation efforts, and community development in
Maharashtra.
Q6. Have you participated in any eco-tourism activities in Maharashtra,

such as nature walks, wildlife safaris, or sustainable village visits?
Yes 79%
No 21%
Interpretation:
have participated in eco-tourism activities in Maharashtra, such as nature walks, wildlife
safaris, or sustainable village visits. This high percentage indicates a strong interest and
engagement in eco-tourism among the respondents. It reflects the appeal and popularity
of eco-friendly and sustainable experiences in Maharashtra, where individuals actively
seek opportunities to connect with nature, explore wildlife, and engage with local
communities. The high participation rate suggests that eco-tourism activities are well-
established and accessible in the region, providing visitors with meaningful and
environmentally conscious travel experiences. It also highlights the potential for
continued growth and development of eco-tourism in Maharashtra, as more individuals
seek out these activities and contribute to the conservation and sustainable development
of the state's natural and cultural resources.
Q7. Have you visited any of the following Eco-Tourism Spots in

Maharashtra?
ECO-TOURISM SPOTS PERCENTAGE

Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve - Chandrapur 63%

Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary - Pune 64%

Kaas Plateau - Satara 65%
Karnala Bird Sanctuary - Raigad 71%
Melghat Tiger Reserve - Amravati 9%
Amboli Ghat - Sindhudurg 62%
Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary - Kolhapur 6%
Bhandardara - Ahmednagar 63%
Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) - Mumbai 92%
Chikhaldara Wildlife Sanctuary - Amravati 5%
Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary - Satara 54%
Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary - Raigad 7%
Rehekuri Blackbuck Sanctuary - Ahmednagar 6%
Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary - Sangli 11%
Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary – Solapur 59%
Interpretation:
From the above table and chart, we note that –
 Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve - Chandrapur: 63% of respondents recognized

Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve in Chandrapur as an eco-tourism spot. This suggests
that it is a well-known and popular destination for eco-tourism activities.
 Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary - Pune: 64% of respondents identified
Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary in Pune as an eco-tourism spot. This indicates a
significant recognition of the sanctuary's ecological value and its potential for eco-
tourism.
 Kaas Plateau - Satara: 65% of respondents recognized Kaas Plateau in Satara as an
eco-tourism spot. The high percentage suggests that the unique natural beauty and
floral diversity of Kaas Plateau have attracted attention as an eco-tourism
destination.
 Karnala Bird Sanctuary - Raigad: 71% of respondents identified Karnala Bird
Sanctuary in Raigad as an eco-tourism spot. This indicates a strong recognition of
the sanctuary's importance for bird conservation and its potential as an eco-tourism
attraction.

 Melghat Tiger Reserve - Amravati: Only 9% of respondents recognized Melghat

Tiger Reserve in Amravati as an eco-tourism spot. This suggests that the reserve
may have lower visibility or awareness among respondents compared to other
destinations.
 Amboli Ghat - Sindhudurg: 62% of respondents identified Amboli Ghat in
Sindhudurg as an eco-tourism spot. This indicates a significant recognition of the
region's natural beauty and its potential for eco-tourism activities.
 Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary - Kolhapur: Only 6% of respondents recognized
Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary in Kolhapur as an eco-tourism spot. This suggests
that the sanctuary may have relatively lower awareness or visibility among
respondents.
 Bhandardara - Ahmednagar: 63% of respondents identified Bhandardara in
Ahmednagar as an eco-tourism spot. This suggests that the destination has gained
recognition for its natural beauty and eco-tourism potential.
 Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) - Mumbai: An overwhelming 92% of
respondents recognized Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) in Mumbai as an eco-
tourism spot. This indicates a high level of awareness and recognition of the park's
ecological significance and potential for eco-tourism activities.
 Chikhaldara Wildlife Sanctuary - Amravati: Only 5% of respondents recognized
Chikhaldara Wildlife Sanctuary in Amravati as an eco-tourism spot. This suggests
relatively lower visibility or awareness of the sanctuary among respondents.
 Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary - Satara: 54% of respondents identified Koyna Wildlife
Sanctuary in Satara as an eco-tourism spot. This suggests moderate recognition of
the sanctuary's ecological value and potential for eco-tourism.
 Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary - Raigad: Only 7% of respondents recognized Phansad
Wildlife Sanctuary in Raigad as an eco-tourism spot. This indicates relatively lower
awareness or visibility of the sanctuary among respondents.
 Rehekuri Blackbuck Sanctuary - Ahmednagar: Only 6% of respondents recognized
Rehekuri Blackbuck Sanctuary in Ahmednagar as an eco-tourism spot. This
suggests relatively lower awareness or visibility of the sanctuary among

respondents.

 Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary - Sangli: Only 11% of respondents recognized

Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary in Sangli as an eco-tourism spot. This suggests
moderate awareness or visibility of the sanctuary among respondents.
 Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary – Solapur: 59% of respondents recognized Great
Indian Bustard Sanctuary in Solapur as an eco-tourism spot. This indicates a
significant recognition of the sanctuary's importance for the conservation of the
Great Indian Bustard species and its potential for eco-tourism activities.
Q8. How likely are you to recommend the above-stated eco-tourism

destinations in Maharashtra to your friends and family?
Very Likely 26%
Likely 59%
Neutral 14%
Unlikely 1%
Very Unlikely 0%
Interpretation:
Based on the data provided, it can be interpreted that a significant majority of individuals
(85%) are likely or very likely to recommend the eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra

to their friends and family. The high percentage of respondents who are likely to
recommend indicates a positive perception and satisfaction with the eco-tourism
offerings in Maharashtra. The extremely low percentages of respondents who are
unlikely or very unlikely to recommend suggest that the overall experience and
satisfaction with these destinations are quite favourable. These findings highlight the
potential appeal and popularity of eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra, indicating
that they are well- regarded and enjoyable experiences that people are enthusiastic about
sharing with their loved ones.
Q9. Are you aware of any eco-friendly accommodations in

Maharashtra?
Yes 72%
No 28%
Interpretation:
are aware of the existence of eco-friendly accommodations in Maharashtra, while a
smaller portion (28%) indicated that they are not aware. This suggests that there is a

considerable level of knowledge and awareness among the respondents regarding eco-
friendly accommodation options in the state. The high percentage of respondents who
are aware of these accommodations indicates a positive trend towards environmentally
conscious travel and increasing demand for sustainable tourism experiences. It also
highlights the efforts made by various stakeholders, such as eco-tourism organizations,
government initiatives, and promotional campaigns, in raising awareness about eco-
friendly accommodations in Maharashtra.
Q10. How would you rate the infrastructure and facilities available at
eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra?
Excellent 2%
Good 71%
Average 27%
Poor 0%
Very Poor 0%
Interpretation:
Based on the ratings provided by the respondents regarding the infrastructure and
facilities available at eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra, it can be observed that
the majority of participants rated the infrastructure and facilities as "Good" (71%).

This

indicates that a significant portion of respondents found the infrastructure and facilities
to be satisfactory and up to their expectations. Moreover, a small percentage of
respondents rated the infrastructure and facilities as "Excellent" (2%), indicating that a
few destinations stood out for their exceptional infrastructure and facilities.
Additionally, a noteworthy proportion of respondents rated the infrastructure and
facilities as "Average" (27%), suggesting that there is room for improvement in certain
areas to enhance the overall experience. Interestingly, none of the respondents rated the
infrastructure and facilities as "Poor" or "Very Poor," indicating that there is a basic
level of infrastructure and facilities available at these eco-tourism destinations in
Maharashtra.
Q11. Would you prefer to visit an eco-tourism destination in

Maharashtra over a conventional tourist spot?
Yes, because of environmental sustainability 80%
No, because of limited amenities and facilities 14%
No preference 6%
Interpretation:
expressed a preference to visit an eco-tourism destination in Maharashtra over a
conventional tourist spot due to environmental sustainability considerations. This
indicates a growing awareness and concern for environmental issues among the
respondents, as they prioritize visiting destinations that align with their values of
sustainability and responsible tourism. It suggests a shift in travel preferences towards
more eco-conscious options, where individuals are willing to forgo certain amenities
and facilities for the sake of preserving the environment. However, it is worth noting
that a small percentage of respondents (14%) cited limited amenities and facilities as a
reason for not preferring eco-tourism destinations. Additionally, a minority (6%)
expressed no particular preference, indicating that they may not have strong inclinations
towards either eco-tourism or conventional tourist spots.
Q12. Would you be willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly

accommodations and experiences?
Yes 15%
No 5%
Depends on the value offered 80%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a small percentage of respondents (15%) are
willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly accommodations and experiences in
Maharashtra. On the other hand, an even smaller percentage (5%) explicitly stated that

they are not willing to pay a premium. The majority of respondents (80%) indicated that
their willingness to pay a premium depends on the value offered. This suggests that
while there is a segment of the population that recognizes the importance of eco-friendly
practices and is willing to invest in them, a larger portion of respondents are more
cautious and consider the overall value and benefits they would receive from such
accommodations and experiences before making a decision. The high percentage of
respondents in the "depends on the value offered" category indicates that there is an
opportunity for eco-friendly accommodations and experiences to attract customers by
highlighting the tangible and intangible benefits they provide, such as sustainability,
environmental conservation, and immersive experiences. It underscores the need for
eco- tourism providers to effectively communicate the value proposition and
demonstrate the positive impact of their offerings to appeal to a wider audience.
Q13. How important is it for tourists to practice responsible and eco-

friendly behaviour while participating in eco-tourism activities in
Maharashtra?
Very important 74%
Important 21%
Neutral 4%
Not important 1%
Not at all important 0%

Interpretation:
perceive the importance of tourists practicing responsible and eco-friendly behaviour
while participating in eco-tourism activities in Maharashtra as "very important." An
additional 21% of respondents consider it "important." This indicates a strong consensus
among the respondents regarding the significance of responsible and eco-friendly
behaviour in eco-tourism. The high percentage of respondents who deem it "very
important" reflects a heightened awareness and understanding of the potential
environmental and social impact of tourism activities. The negligible percentages of
respondents who deem it "neutral," "not important," or "not at all important" suggest a
minimal proportion of individuals who do not recognize the importance of responsible
behaviour in eco-tourism.
Q14. How knowledgeable do you consider the local communities and

tour operators in Maharashtra about sustainable practices in
eco- tourism?
Very Knowledgeable 18%
Somewhat Knowledgeable 76%
Not Knowledgeable 6%

Interpretation:
consider the local communities and tour operators in Maharashtra to be somewhat
knowledgeable about sustainable practices in eco-tourism. A smaller percentage of
respondents (18%) perceive them to be very knowledgeable, while a minority (6%)
believe that they are not knowledgeable. This data suggests that there is a generally
positive perception among respondents regarding the level of knowledge and
understanding of sustainable practices in eco-tourism among local communities and tour
operators in Maharashtra. The high percentage of respondents who consider them
somewhat knowledgeable indicates that there is a foundation of awareness and
understanding of sustainable practices in the industry. It highlights the importance of
local involvement and expertise in promoting and implementing sustainable tourism
practices. However, the relatively smaller percentage of respondents who perceive them
as very knowledgeable suggests that there is still room for improvement and further
education in this area. Efforts can be made to enhance the knowledge and training of
local communities and tour operators to ensure a more comprehensive understanding
and implementation of sustainable practices in eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
Q15. In your opinion, what are the benefits of eco-tourism for local
communities in Maharashtra?

Economic growth and employment opportunities 6%
Preservation of natural resources 2%
Cultural preservation and community development 1%
All of the above 91%
None of the above 0%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that the vast majority of respondents (91%)
believe that eco-tourism in Maharashtra provides multiple benefits to local
communities. The highest percentage of respondents (91%) selected "All of the above,"
indicating that they perceive eco-tourism as a catalyst for economic growth,
employment opportunities, preservation of natural resources, cultural preservation, and
community development. The low percentage of respondents who did not select any
option (0%) indicates a unanimous agreement on the positive impacts of eco-tourism.
Q16. How important is it for eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra

to involve and benefit the local communities?
Very important 27%
Important 66%

Neutral 5%
Not important 0%
Not at all important 0%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a majority of the respondents (66%) believe
it is important for eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra to involve and benefit the
local communities. Furthermore, a significant proportion (27%) indicated that they
consider it very important. The absence of any responses indicating that involving and
benefiting local communities is not important or not at all important reflects a strong
consensus among the respondents regarding the significance of community engagement
in eco- tourism.
Q17. How would you rate the impact of eco-tourism on the local
communities in Maharashtra?
Very positive 23%
Positive 70%

Neutral 7%
Negative 0%
Very Negative 0%
Interpretation:
perceive the impact of eco-tourism on local communities in Maharashtra as positive. An
additional 23% of respondents rate the impact as very positive. This indicates that the
majority of respondents recognize the positive contributions of eco-tourism towards the
well-being and development of local communities in Maharashtra. The absence of any
respondents rating the impact as negative or very negative suggests a generally
favourable perception of eco-tourism's influence on the local communities. The high
percentage of positive ratings reflects the potential of eco-tourism to generate socio-
economic benefits, such as job creation, income generation, cultural preservation, and
community empowerment.
Q18. Which of the following do you think are challenges or drawbacks

associated with eco-tourism in Maharashtra?

Environmental impact 3%
Pressure on local communities 3%
Limited carrying capacity 7%
Greenwashing and lack of regulation 5%
Loss of authenticity and cultural commodification 1%
Interpretation:
perceive multiple challenges or drawbacks associated with eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
The most commonly mentioned challenges include environmental impact, pressure on
local communities, limited carrying capacity, greenwashing, lack of regulation, and the
loss of authenticity and cultural commodification. This high percentage indicates that
respondents are cognizant of the potential negative consequences that can arise from
eco- tourism activities in the state. It suggests a need for careful planning, sustainable
management, and effective regulations to address these concerns and ensure that eco-
tourism practices in Maharashtra are environmentally responsible, culturally sensitive,
and mutually beneficial for both tourists and local communities. The extremely low
percentage of respondents (1%) who indicated "none of the above" demonstrates a
widespread recognition of the challenges associated with eco-tourism, further
emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues to foster a sustainable and
balanced eco-tourism industry in Maharashtra.

Q19. How well do you think eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra

are marketed and promoted?
Very Well 1%
Well 52%
Average 29%
Poorly 18%
Very Poorly 0%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that the majority of respondents (52%) perceive
the marketing and promotion of eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra to be "well,"
indicating a positive perception of the efforts made in this aspect. Additionally, 29% of
respondents rated it as "average," suggesting a neutral stance. However, a notable
proportion of respondents (18%) expressed the opinion that the marketing and
promotion of eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra is done "poorly." Interestingly, no
respondents rated it as "very poorly." The data highlights a range of opinions regarding
the marketing and promotion of eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra. While a
significant portion of respondents view it positively, there is room for improvement to
address the concerns of
those who rated it poorly. These results underscore the importance of effective
marketing strategies and targeted promotional activities to enhance the visibility and
appeal of eco- tourism destinations in Maharashtra. By addressing the areas that
respondents perceive as lacking, such as awareness campaigns, information
dissemination, and showcasing the unique features of eco-tourism destinations,
Maharashtra can further attract and engage potential eco-tourists, contributing to the
growth and development of sustainable tourism in the state.
Q20. How do you think the promotion of eco-tourism can contribute to

the overall tourism industry in Maharashtra?
Enhance Maharashtra's image as an eco-friendly destination 3%
Attract more responsible and conscious travellers 6%
Diversify the tourism offerings 4%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that the overwhelming majority of respondents
(86%) believe that the promotion of eco-tourism in Maharashtra can contribute to the
overall tourism industry in multiple ways, including enhancing the state's image as an

eco-friendly destination, attracting more responsible and conscious travellers, and

diversifying the tourism offerings. This indicates a strong recognition among the
respondents of the potential benefits that eco-tourism can bring to Maharashtra's tourism
sector. The high percentage of respondents selecting "All of the above" suggests a
consensus that promoting eco-tourism can have a multifaceted positive impact. The low
percentage of respondents selecting "None of the above" further supports the notion that
the majority acknowledges the potential benefits and value of eco-tourism in enhancing
the tourism industry in Maharashtra. These findings emphasize the importance of
sustainable and responsible tourism practices in the state and indicate a growing
awareness of the advantages that eco-tourism can bring, including environmental
conservation, economic growth, and a diverse range of experiences for travellers.
Q21. In your opinion, does eco-tourism contribute to sustainable

development in Maharashtra?
Yes, significantly 68%
Yes, to some extent 23%
Not sure 9%
No, not really 0%
No, not at all 0%

Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that the majority of respondents (68%) believe
that eco-tourism significantly contributes to sustainable development in Maharashtra.
An additional 23% of respondents believe that eco-tourism contributes to sustainable
development to some extent. This indicates a strong positive perception among the
respondents regarding the role of eco-tourism in promoting sustainable development in
Maharashtra. The fact that no respondents selected the options "No, not really" or "No,
not at all" suggests a widespread agreement on the positive impact of eco-tourism on
sustainable development. This data reflects a recognition of the potential of eco-tourism
to foster environmental conservation, preserve cultural heritage, support local
communities, and generate socio-economic benefits in Maharashtra.
Q22. Do you think eco-tourism plays a significant role in promoting

economic development in Maharashtra?
Yes 77%
No 5%
Maybe 18%

Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a majority of respondents (77%) believe that
eco-tourism plays a significant role in promoting economic development in
Maharashtra. This indicates a positive perception of the economic benefits associated
with eco-tourism initiatives in the state. The low percentage of respondents (5%) who
disagree with this statement suggests that there is a general consensus among the
respondents regarding the positive impact of eco-tourism on the economy of
Maharashtra. Additionally, the percentage of respondents who expressed uncertainty
(18%) indicates that some individuals may require more information or further
evaluation to form a definitive opinion. Overall, the data reflects a prevailing belief that
eco-tourism has the potential to contribute to economic growth and development in
Maharashtra, highlighting the perceived importance of sustainable tourism practices for
the state's economy.
Q23. Do you believe that eco-tourism can help in conserving the natural
and cultural heritage of Maharashtra?
Strongly believe 22%
Believe 70%
Neutral 4%
Do not believe 3%
Strongly do not believe 1%
Interpretation:
believe that eco-tourism can help conserve the natural and cultural heritage of
Maharashtra. This indicates a strong positive perception among the respondents
regarding the potential of eco-tourism as a conservation tool. The combined percentage
of respondents who strongly believe and believe in the conservation benefits of eco-
tourism (92%) outweighs the percentage of those who have a neutral stance or do not
believe in its efficacy (7%). This suggests that the majority of respondents recognize the
value of eco-tourism in preserving the natural and cultural heritage of Maharashtra.
Q24. Do you think eco-tourism can help raise awareness about

environmental conservation among tourists visiting Maharashtra?
Yes 86%
No 1%
Maybe 13%

Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that the majority of respondents (86%) believe
that eco-tourism can indeed help raise awareness about environmental conservation
among tourists visiting Maharashtra. This indicates a strong belief in the potential of
eco- tourism as a platform for promoting environmental consciousness and sustainable
practices. The negligible percentage of respondents who expressed a negative opinion
(1%) suggests that there is a broad consensus among the respondents regarding the
positive impact of eco-tourism on raising environmental awareness. The 13% of
respondents who selected "Maybe" indicates a level of uncertainty or a need for more
information about the effectiveness of eco-tourism in this regard. Overall, this data
reflects a positive outlook on the role of eco-tourism in Maharashtra as an effective
means to educate and engage tourists in environmental conservation efforts,
highlighting the importance of incorporating sustainable practices into the tourism
industry.
Q25. Do you think eco-tourism has the potential to create employment

opportunities in Maharashtra?
Yes, definitely 15%
Not sure 12%

No, not really 1%

No, not at all 0%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a majority of respondents (72%) believe that
eco-tourism has the potential to create employment opportunities in Maharashtra to
some extent. This indicates that there is a positive perception among the respondents
regarding the role of eco-tourism in generating jobs and livelihoods. Additionally, 15%
of respondents express a strong belief that eco-tourism definitely has the potential to
create employment. The low percentages of respondents who are unsure (12%), and
those who believe eco-tourism does not create employment opportunities (1% and 0%),
suggest that the overall sentiment is optimistic about the employment potential of eco-
tourism in Maharashtra. This data highlights the recognition of eco-tourism as a viable
avenue for economic growth and development, fostering positive attitudes towards
sustainable tourism practices and their impact on job creation in the state.
Q26. Overall, how would you rate the contribution of eco-tourism to

Maharashtra's tourism industry?

Very high 8%
High 69%
Moderate 23%
Low 0%
Very low 0%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a majority of the respondents (69%) believe
that eco-tourism makes a high contribution to Maharashtra's tourism industry.
Additionally, a smaller proportion of respondents (23%) rated the contribution of eco-
tourism as moderate. Notably, none of the respondents rated the contribution as low or
very low. This data indicates a positive perception of the role of eco-tourism in
Maharashtra's tourism sector. The high percentage of respondents rating the
contribution as high suggests that eco-tourism initiatives have made a significant impact
in promoting and enhancing the tourism industry in the state. This positive perception is
likely driven by the recognition of the unique natural and cultural attractions offered by
eco-tourism, as well as the associated economic benefits and sustainable practices.
Q27. How familiar are you with eco-tourism initiatives in Maharashtra?

Very familiar 31%
Somewhat familiar 49%
Not familiar at all 20%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a significant proportion of respondents

(80%) have some level of familiarity with eco-tourism initiatives in Maharashtra.
Among them, 31% are very familiar, while 49% are somewhat familiar. This indicates a
positive level of awareness and knowledge about eco-tourism initiatives in the state. It
suggests that efforts to promote and raise awareness about eco-tourism in Maharashtra
have been effective in reaching a considerable portion of the respondents. However,
20% of the respondents indicated that they are not familiar at all with eco-tourism
initiatives. This highlights the need for continued awareness campaigns and information
dissemination to reach a wider audience and ensure that more people are informed about
the eco-tourism opportunities available in Maharashtra.
Q28. Do you think there should be stricter regulations and monitoring

of eco-tourism activities in Maharashtra?

Yes 82%
No 1%
Maybe 17%
Interpretation:
believe that there should be stricter regulations and monitoring of eco-tourism activities
in Maharashtra. This indicates a strong sentiment among the respondents towards
ensuring the sustainability and responsible management of eco-tourism in the state. The
overwhelming support for stricter regulations suggests that the respondents recognize
the need to protect the environment, preserve natural resources, and prevent any
potential negative impacts that may arise from unregulated or unsustainable tourism
practices. The small percentage of respondents who are unsure or have a neutral stance
(17%) indicates the possibility of varying perspectives or the need for further
information and clarification on the topic. This data highlights the importance of
effective governance and monitoring systems to maintain the integrity of eco-tourism
and meet the expectations and concerns of the public.
Q29. Do you think the Maharashtra government should prioritize the

development and promotion of eco-tourism in the state?

Strongly agree 46%
Agree 47%
Neutral 6%
Disagree 1%
Strongly disagree 0%
Interpretation:
Based on the data, it can be interpreted that a majority of respondents (93%) either
strongly agree (46%) or agree (47%) that the Maharashtra government should prioritize
the development and promotion of eco-tourism in the state. This indicates a strong
positive sentiment towards eco-tourism and highlights the recognition of its importance
for the overall development and sustainability of the tourism sector in Maharashtra. The
negligible percentages of respondents who expressed a neutral, disagree, or strongly
disagree stance suggest that the support for eco-tourism is widespread and enjoys broad
consensus among the respondents. These findings reflect a favourable environment for
policy-making and decision-making processes that prioritize the growth and promotion
of eco-tourism initiatives in Maharashtra, potentially leading to increased investments,
infrastructure development, and conservation efforts in the field of eco-tourism.
Q30. Have you noticed any efforts by the Maharashtra government to

promote eco-tourism in the state?

Yes, extensively 31%
No 24%
Interpretation:
have noticed efforts by the Maharashtra government to promote eco-tourism in the state.
Among them, 31% reported noticing extensive efforts, while 45% noticed efforts to
some extent. This indicates that the Maharashtra government has made noticeable
strides in promoting eco-tourism and sustainable tourism practices. The relatively high
percentages of respondents who have noticed these efforts suggest that the government's
initiatives, campaigns, and policies have had a visible impact in raising awareness and
promoting eco-friendly practices within the tourism sector. The data reflects a positive
perception among respondents regarding the government's commitment to fostering eco-
tourism and highlights the importance of such efforts in achieving sustainable
development goals and conservation objectives. However, it is worth noting that there is
still a proportion (24%) of respondents who reported not noticing any efforts by the
Maharashtra government. This signifies the need for continuous and widespread
communication and awareness campaigns to ensure that all stakeholders are aware of
the government's initiatives and their importance in promoting eco-tourism in the state.

CHAPTER 7: FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:
1. The study reveals that individuals are aware of the role and impact of Eco-
Tourism in Maharashtra.
2. The study reveals that individuals are moderately aware of the eco-tourism
initiatives in Maharashtra.
3. The study reveals that the individuals are aware of the economic and socio-
cultural benefits and challenges associated with eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
4. The study reveals that there is an overwhelming support for stricter regulations
and monitoring of eco-tourism activities in Maharashtra by the government.
5. The study reveals that there is a positive perception among the respondents
regarding the role of eco-tourism in generating jobs and livelihoods.
6. The study reveals that the respondents are cognizant of the potential negative
consequences that can arise from eco-tourism activities in the state.
7. The study reveals that majority of respondents recognize the positive
contributions of eco-tourism towards the well-being and development of local
communities in Maharashtra.
8. The study reveals a positive attitude towards community-led initiatives and the
potential for eco-tourism projects to have a meaningful and positive impact on
the lives of the local people in Maharashtra.
9. The study reveals that there is a segment of the population that recognizes the
importance of eco-friendly practices and is willing to invest in them, a larger
portion of respondents are more cautious and consider the overall value and
benefits they would receive from such accommodations and experiences before
making a decision
10. The study indicates a positive attitude and receptiveness towards sustainable
tourism practices, which bodes well for the future of eco-tourism in the region.
To assess the impact of eco-tourism on the local economy in Maharashtra.
CONCLUSIONS OF THE STUDY:
Eco-tourism in Maharashtra offers an opportunity to align tourism with the environment

and nature, enabling responsible exploration of natural areas while protecting the
environment and supporting local communities. The exponential tourism growth has
threatened local communities' cultural and environmental assets. However, the push for
eco-tourism presents both risks and opportunities. It can help create sustainable tourism
by diverting tourists to ensure the carrying capacity of a place is not exceeded, planning
for the renewal of natural resources, and raising awareness within the host community
to combat the adverse effects of mass tourism. Additionally, eco-tourism provides
travellers with opportunities to learn about nature and the environment and contribute to
local communities’ economic development.
In conclusion, eco-tourism plays a significant role in Maharashtra by offering
opportunities for sustainable development, environmental conservation, and community
empowerment. The state's diverse ecosystems and rich natural heritage form a solid
foundation for eco-tourism growth. Maharashtra can strike a balance between economic
growth and environmental preservation by adopting sustainable practices, promoting
responsible tourism behaviour, and including local communities in decision-making
processes. Government support and policies are essential to successfully implement eco-
tourism projects, providing necessary infrastructure, funding, and regulatory
frameworks. However, challenges related to maintaining a delicate balance between
tourism development and environmental conservation, mitigating negative impacts on
fragile ecosystems, and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits must be addressed.
Continuous monitoring, evaluation, and adaptive management are vital for mitigating
these challenges and maximizing the positive impacts of eco-tourism in Maharashtra.
By embracing sustainable practices, fostering community engagement, and promoting
responsible tourism, Maharashtra can position itself as a leading eco-tourism
destination, attracting visitors seeking authentic and environmentally conscious travel
experiences.

CHAPTER 8: BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITE LINKS
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Maharashtra
 https://wickedgoodtraveltips.com/2019/08/18/10-most-iconic-cities-in-asia-to-visit-
once-in-your-lifetime/
 https://wickedgoodtraveltips.com/2019/08/18/10-most-iconic-cities-in-asia-to-visit-
once-in-your-lifetime/
 https://www.hotelashwin.com/2023/01/22/exploring-the-beauty-of-igatpuri-a-hill-
station-paradise/
 https://birbhum.gov.in/gallery/bakreswar-temple/
 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/indias-tourism-sector-witnessed-
mega-growth-in-2022/
 https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/tourism-in-maharashtra-policies-and-
initiatives-that-are-boosting-the-sector-in-the-state-amid-the-pandemic
 https://www.medcindia.com/article- detail.php?
page=1&ele_id=NOR_5c651c6cb10fb0.10977349
 https://ijrbat.in/upload_papers/01062022031614E21_R20%20Jumale%20R.K..pdf
 https://www.earthreminder.com/ecotourism-history-types-components-and-
importance/
 https://www.studyiq.com/articles/national-parks-in-maharashtra/
 https://www.academia.edu/43502506/Glimpses_of_Sustainable_Tourism_in_India_
Cases_and_Discussions
 https://india.mongabay.com/2022/09/how-ecotourism-in-konkan-promotes-climate-
friendly-tourism/
 https://www.abacademies.org/articles/antecedents-of-ecotourism-development-an-
empirical-analysis-of-case-study-in-maharashtra-15414.html
 https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/web/mh-tourism/eco-tourism
 http://www.ecoindia.com/eco-tourism-in-india.html

 https://www.triplepundit.com/2015/07/ecotourism-gaining-momentum-india/
 https://www.holidify.com/blog/eco-tourism-in-india/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-Sensitive_Zone
 http://www.epw.in/journal/2015/50/reports-states/problems-eco-sensitive-zone.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco_hotel
 https://www.tourmyindia.com/blog/top-eco-friendly-hotels-resorts-india/
REFERENCES
 Impact of Covid 19 on Tourism Industry in Maharashtra Krutika Lokhande,
Niharika Darwai, Durga Karki
 Glimpses of Sustainable Tourism in India: Cases and Discussions 2019, IPE Journal
of Management
 "Role of Government in Promoting Eco-Tourism: A Case of Maharashtra" by
Chavan, P. et al. (2019)
 Campbell Lisa M. (1999) “Eco-tourism in the rural developing communities”,
Annals of tourism Research, Vol. 26(3), p. 234

CHAPTER 9: ANNEXURE - QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Which of the following age groups do you belong to?

a) 20 and below
b) 21 - 30
c) 31 - 40
d) 41 - 50
e) 51 - 60
f) 60 and above
2. What is your current place of Residence?

a) Mumbai
b) Pune
c) Nagpur
d) Nashik
e) Thane
f) Aurangabad
g) Kolhapur
h) Solapur
i) Amravati
j) Navi Mumbai
3. Have you travelled within Maharashtra for tourism purposes?

a) Yes
b) No
4. Have you heard of Eco-tourism?

a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
5. Have you ever visited any eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra?

a) Yes
b) No
6. Have you participated in any eco-tourism activities in Maharashtra, such as

nature walks, wildlife safaris, or sustainable village visits?
a) Yes
b) No
7. Have you visited any of the following Eco-Tourism Spots in Maharashtra?

a) Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve - Chandrapur
b) Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary - Pune
c) Kaas Plateau - Satara
d) Karnala Bird Sanctuary - Raigad
e) Melghat Tiger Reserve - Amravati
f) Amboli Ghat - Sindhudurg
g) Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary - Kolhapur
h) Bhandardara - Ahmednagar
i) Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) - Mumbai
j) Chikhaldara Wildlife Sanctuary - Amravati
k) Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary - Satara
l) Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary - Raigad
m) Rehekuri Blackbuck Sanctuary - Ahmednagar
n) Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary - Sangli
o) Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary – Solapur
8. How likely are you to recommend the above-stated eco-tourism destinations in

Maharashtra to your friends and family?
a) Very likely
b) Likely

c) Neutral
d) Unlikely
e) Very unlikely
9. Are you aware of any eco-friendly accommodations in Maharashtra?

a) Yes
b) No
10. How would you rate the infrastructure and facilities available at eco-tourism
destinations in Maharashtra?
a) Excellent
b) Good
c) Average
d) Poor
e) Very poor
11. Would you prefer to visit an eco-tourism destination in Maharashtra over a

conventional tourist spot?
a) Yes, because of environmental sustainability
b) No, because of limited amenities and facilities
c) No preference
12. Would you be willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly accommodations and
experiences?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Depends on the value offered
13. How important is it for tourists to practice responsible and eco-friendly behaviour
while participating in eco-tourism activities in Maharashtra?

a) Very important
b) Important
c) Neutral
d) Not important
e) Not at all important
14. How knowledgeable do you consider the local communities and tour operators in
Maharashtra about sustainable practices in eco-tourism?
a) Very knowledgeable
b) Somewhat knowledgeable
c) Not knowledgeable
d) Strongly disagree
15. In your opinion, what are the benefits of eco-tourism for local communities in
Maharashtra?
a) Economic growth and employment opportunities
b) Preservation of natural resources
c) Cultural preservation and community development
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
16. How important is it for eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra to involve and

benefit the local communities?
a) Very important
b) Important
c) Neutral
d) Not important
e) Not at all important

17. How would you rate the impact of eco-tourism on the local communities in
Maharashtra?
a) Very positive
b) Positive
c) Neutral
d) Negative
e) Very negative
18. Which of the following do you think are challenges or drawbacks associated with
eco- tourism in Maharashtra?
a) Environmental impact
b) Pressure on local communities
c) Limited carrying capacity
d) Greenwashing and lack of regulation
e) Loss of authenticity and cultural commodification
f) All of the above
g) None of the above
19. How well do you think eco-tourism destinations in Maharashtra are marketed and
promoted?
a) Very well
b) Well
c) Average
d) Poorly
e) Very poorly
20. How do you think the promotion of eco-tourism can contribute to the overall tourism
industry in Maharashtra?
a) Enhance Maharashtra's image as an eco-friendly destination
b) Attract more responsible and conscious travellers

c) Diversify the tourism offerings

d) All of the above
e) None of the above
21. In your opinion, does eco-tourism contribute to sustainable development in

Maharashtra?
a) Yes, significantly
b) Yes, to some extent
c) Not sure
d) No, not really
e) No, not at all
22. Do you think eco-tourism plays a significant role in promoting economic

development in Maharashtra?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
23. Do you believe that eco-tourism can help in conserving the natural and cultural
heritage of Maharashtra?
a) Strongly believe
b) Believe
c) Neutral
d) Do not believe
e) Strongly do not believe
24. Do you think eco-tourism can help raise awareness about environmental conservation
among tourists visiting Maharashtra?
a) Yes
b) No

c) Maybe
25. Do you think eco-tourism has the potential to create employment opportunities in
Maharashtra?
a) Yes, definitely
c) Not sure
d) No, not really
e) No, not at all
26. Overall, how would you rate the contribution of eco-tourism to Maharashtra's tourism
industry?
a) Very high
b) High
c) Moderate
d) Low
e) Very low
27. How familiar are you with eco-tourism initiatives in Maharashtra?

a) Very familiar
b) Somewhat familiar
c) Not familiar at all
28. Do you think there should be stricter regulations and monitoring of eco-tourism
activities in Maharashtra?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe

29. Do you think the Maharashtra government should prioritize the development and
promotion of eco-tourism in the state?
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
30. Have you noticed any efforts by the Maharashtra government to promote eco-tourism
in the state?
a) Yes, extensively
c) No

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A comparative study between technical analysis and

fundamental analysis as a tool for investment decisions

University of Mumbai for completion

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Dr. Jagruti Darji

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce

Name and Signature

Name and Signature

Date of Submission: June 2023.

Prof. Dr. Jagruti Darji

I would be derelict in my duty if I fail to acknowledge the following people as being

1.1 Meaning of Tourism 2

1.3 Tourism in Maharashtra 7

2.1 Introduction to Eco-Tourism 27

2.2 Introduction to Eco-Tourism in

2.4 Different types of Eco-Tourism 40

2.5 Eco-Tourism Destinations in

2.6 Sustainable Tourism Practices 63

2.7 Community Involvement and

3.1 Need and Importance of

3.3 How to become an Eco-Tourist? 83

3.4 Successful examples of

5.1 Research Statement 94

5.2 Research Objectives 94

5.3 Research Design 95

5.4 Sampling Method 95

5.5 Sampling Design 95

5.6 Data Collection 96

5.7 Analysis of Data 96

6 Data Analysis and Interpretation

6.1 Analysis of Primary Data 97

9 Annexure - Questionnaire 135

Tourism is often described as an extensive industry that generates numerous opportunities

To use technical terminology: Eco-tourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form

Eco-tourism promotes environmental conservation by emphasizing the principles of

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 1

1.1 MEANING OF TOURISM

Tourism encompasses a wide range of activities and experiences, including visiting

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 2

Different types of Tourism

 Cultural Tourism: Cultural tourism focuses on exploring the customs, traditions,

 Adventure Tourism: Adventure tourism appeals to those seeking adrenaline-

 Sustainable/Eco-Tourism: Also known as responsible or eco-friendly tourism,

 Business Tourism: Business tourism, also referred to as MICE (Meetings,

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 3

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 4

also strain a community's environment, local infrastructure, and socio-cultural aspects.

The core features of tourism can be summarized as follows:

 Temporary Stay: Tourism typically involves a temporary stay at the destination. It

 Purposeful Activity: Tourism involves purposeful activity and intention. People

 Destination Focus: Tourism revolves around a chosen destination. Travelers select

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 5

attractions, historical significance, recreational opportunities, or business interests.

 Economic Impact: Tourism has a significant economic impact on both the

 Interactions and Experiences: Tourism involves interactions between tourists and

 Infrastructure and Services: Destinations typically develop infrastructure and

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 6

1.2 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 7

1.3 TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA

Metropolitan Areas of Tourism in Maharashtra

K. P. B. Hinduja College of Commerce 8

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Taj Mahal Palace & Tower

Gateway of India The Haji Ali Mosque