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QS 03 Steel Reinforcement Rev 05
QS 03 Steel Reinforcement Rev 05
– Bar splice or the lap splice is created by overlapping two lengths of rebar, then
wiring them together.
Sample Problem
Determine the length of the splice joint for a 16 mm and 20 mm steel bars under the
following conditions:
a) Tensile reinforcement of a beam
b) Compressive reinforcement of a column
Minimum Hook and Bend Allowance
High Yield
Steel Bars
Mild Yield
Steel Bars
Length of Hook and Bend
Length of Hook and Bend
Length of Hook and Bend
Length of Hook and Bend
Introduction to Bar Bending Schedule [BBS]
• What is Bar Bending Schedule? and its Importance.
• Guidelines to Follow in Preparing BBS
• BBS Basics and Formulas to be Remembered
• How to Prepare Bar Bending Schedule?
• Use of Bar Bending Schedule?
Bar Bending Schedule and its Importance
• Bar Bending is the process of cutting, bending, and fixing the reinforcement bars
as per drawing.
• Bar Bending Schedule is a definitive list of reinforcement bars for any structural
element. It is often referred to as BBS.
• In BBS, the bars are organized for each structural units (Beams or columns or slabs
or footings etc.) and detailed list is prepared which specifies the following:
– Bar location (Bar in footings, slabs, beams or columns),
– Bar Marking (to identify the bar in accordance with the drawing),
– Bar Size (length of the bar used),
– Quantity (No. of Bars used),
– Cutting length,
– Type of Bend and
– Shape of the bar in reinforcement drawings.
Guidelines to Follow in Preparing BBS
Source: civilplanets.com
What is Thumb Rule?
Thumb rules are “Approximate
Values” Thumb Rule for Steel in RCC
Thumb rules has no unit Percentage of Steel in
Structural Element
system. Total Volume of Concrete
Source: civilplanets.com
BBS Basics and Formulas to be Remembered
• d - diameter of bars (in mm)
• The standard length of reinforcement bar – 12 m or 40 ft
• Weight of bar (kg) per meter formula – d2/162
• Extension Length Formulas
• Footing Lap Length Formula – 40d
• Column Lap Length Formula – 50d
• Development Length for dowel bars – 16d
• Crank Length Formula
• Hook length – 9d or 75mm (for one hook)
• 45° - 0.42d
• Concrete Cover • 30° - 0.27d
• Footing – 75 mm • 60° - 0.58d
• Column and Beam – 25-50 mm • Extra Bars Length – L/4 or L/5
• Bend Deduction • L – length of span
• 45° - 1d
• 90° - 2d
• 135° - 3d
Preparation of Bar Bending Schedule
Example….
Five Steps in BBS Calculations
10
-- 3920
- 2- - 7840
- - - -
-
10 -
2920 -2 - -
5840 - - -
8- -
1528 -
16 -
24448 - - - -
ORDER:
150 pcs CHB (100mm)
8 pcs 10mm x 6m long
Unit Block Method
Sample Problem:
Determine the number of
1. 10 x 20 x 40 cm CHB
2. Vertical reinforcement
spaced at 80 cm
3. Horizontal reinforcement
at every 3 layers
Unit Block Method
Solution:
1. Solve for the Area of the fence.
A = 4 x (2.6+0.4)
A = 12 sqm
2. Determine the number of CHB
N = 12 x 12.5 = 150 pcs
3. Vertical @ 80cm spacing
150 x 0.128 = 19.2m
4. Horizontal @ every 3 layers
150 x 0.172 = 25.8m
5. Add 3 & 5
19.2 + 25.8 = 45 m
6. Convert
45𝑚
= 𝟕. 𝟓 ORDER:
6𝑚
150 pcs CHB (100mm)
8 pcs 10mm x 6m long
Tie Wire For Steel Reinforcement
• Tie wire refers to gauge #16 galvanized iron wire popularly
known as GI tie wire.
– Used to secure the steel bars into its designed position.
– Can be ordered by roll or by kilo. (one roll = 45 kgs)
– Its length depends upon the size of the bars to be tied on.
– Tie wire is one item of construction material that is always included
in the bill of materials but never been computed.
– Its quantity is mostly determined through mere calculations which
is “ok” for small projects but a big “NO” for big projects.
CHB Reinforcement Tie Wire
• The common size of steel bar reinforcement specified for CHB
work is either 10 mm or 12 mm or 16 mm.
Table 3.6 - #16 GI Tie Wire for CHB Reinforcement per Square Meter
Vertical Horizontal Kilograms per Square Meter
Spacing Layer Spacing 25 cm Tie 30 cm Tie 40 cm Tie
40 2 .054 .065 .086
40 3 .039 .047 .063
40 4 .024 .029 .039
60 2 .036 .044 .057
60 3 .026 .032 .042
60 4 .020 .024 .032
80 2 .027 .033 .044
80 3 .020 .024 .032
80 4 .015 .018 .024
CHB Tie Wire
Sample Problem:
Find the required tie wire in
kilograms if the reinforcement
are spaced at:
• Vertical bars spaced at 80
centimeters and one
horizontal bars at every
after 3 layers of the block.
• Vertical bars spaced at 60
centimeters and one
horizontal bars at every
after 2 layers of the block.
• Tie wire in kilograms.
CHB Tie Wire
Solution:
Table 3.6 - #16 GI Tie Wire for CHB Reinforcement per Square Meter
Solution 1:
1. Solve for wall area. Vertical Horizontal Kilograms per Square Meter
A = 4 x 3 = 12 sqm Spacing Layer Spacing 25 cm Tie 30 cm Tie 40 cm Tie
2. Refer to table 3.6. Along 80 40 2 .054 .065 .086
cm vertical spacing and 3 40 3 .039 .047 .063
layers horizontal spacing of
reinforcement at 30 cm, 40 4 .024 .029 .039
multiply… 60 2 .036 .044 .057
12 x 0.024 = 0.288 kg 60 3 .026 .032 .042
Solution 2: 60 4 .020 .024 .032
1. A = 12 sqm 80 2 .027 .033 .044
2. Refer to table 3.6. Along 60 80 3 .020 .024 .032
cm vertical spacing and 2
layers horizontal spacing of 80 4 .015 .018 .024
reinforcement at 30 cm,
multiply…
12 x 0.044 = 0.528 kg
B. FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcement detailing of
footing is as much
important as site
investigation for the
structural design of
footing.
• The difference results from including the fractional amount of .44 as part of the
divisor in the second solution.
• The second solution, however, could be correct if the quotient in dividing the
length of one commercial steel bar by the length of one cut bar yields a whole
number.
• On the contrary, if the result has a fractional amount, the second example will not
give a correct answer.
Estimating Tie Wire
Estimate the tie-wire under the
reinforcement for CHB from the figure.
1. Determine how many intersections per footing. 1. 10 𝑥 10 = 100 ties per footing
2. Solve for total ties of the 24 footings 2. 24 𝑥 100 = 2,400 ties
3. Using 30 cm long ties, multiply… 3. 0.3𝑚 𝑥 2,400 = 720 m
720 𝑚
4. Convert the length to kilograms. 4. 53 𝑚
= 13.58𝑘𝑔 #16 𝐺. 𝐼. 𝑡𝑖𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒
Say 𝟏𝟒 𝒌𝒈 #𝟏𝟔 𝑮. 𝑰. 𝒕𝒊𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆
C. POST AND COLUMN REINFORCEMENTS
Spiral Reinforcement
1. Find the total length of the
14 columns
7 x 14 = 98 meters
2. From Table 3-7 for a 50 cm
column diameter 5.00 cm
pitch
Multiply:
= 98 x 3.223
= 315.8 say 316 pcs
Spiral & Column Ties
Tie Wire
1. Find the number of vertical bars
per column
12 pcs
2. Referring to Table 3-7 for a 5 cm
pitch, multiply:
12 x 21 turns per meter = 252 ties
3. Total tie wire for 14 columns
252 x 7.00m x 14 = 24,696 ties
4. Total length of tie wire at 0.30m:
24,696 x 0.30 = 7,409 m
5. Convert:
7409
= 139.8 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝒈
53 Order:
▪ 70 pcs of 10 mm x 6.00 m steel bars
▪ 140 kg #16 G.I. tie wire
D. BEAM AND GIRDER REINFORCEMENTS
Direct Counting - the best method in determining the number of main reinforcement
of beams and girders.
The length however, is determined by the physical condition of the structures
in relation with their support.
1. Verify the plan if the span or distance of the column where the beam is resting
indicates the following conditions:
a) Center to center of the column
b) Outer to center of the column
c) Outer to outer side of the column
d) Inside to inside span
2. Verify the splicing position of the reinforcement if it is adjusted to the commercial
length of steel bars. Take note that “the lesser the splice the lesser is the cost”
D. BEAM AND GIRDER REINFORCEMENTS
L1
- Clear span between columns 1 & 2.
L1/3
- One-third zone of the clear span L1.
L2
- Clear span between columns 2 & 3.
L2/3
- One-third zone of the clear span L2.
Rule 1: The lapping zone for the top bars should be
at the mid- L1/3 or L2/3 part of the beams.
Reason:
The top bars fall under the
compression zone of the beam.
For the compression zone, the
mid-1/3 span of the beam is
said to be a safe zone for
lapping.
The negative moment in this
section are low & hence there
is a minimal chance of failure in
this area.
Rule 2: Not more than 50% of the top beam bars
are lapped in the same zone of any clear span.
Reason:
Providing lapping in the alternate zone of the
beam helps in the safe transfer of the load &
greatly reduces the chances of failure.
BOTTOM BARS
Given:
L1
- Clear span between columns 1 & 2.
L1/3
- One-eight zone of the clear span L1.
L2
- Clear span between columns 2 & 3.
L2/3
- One-eight zone of the clear span L2.
Rule 3: The lapping zone for the bottom bars should be at the
columns plus the end L1/8 or L2/8 part of the beams.
Reason:
The bottom bars fall under the
tension zone of the beam.
For the tension zone, the end-
1/8th span of the beam near
the column junction is said to
be a safe zone for lapping.
The positive moment in this
section are less & hence there
is a minimal chance of failure in
this area.
Rule 4: Not more than 50% of the bottom beam bars are
lapped in the same zone plus columns of any clear span.
Reason:
Providing lapping in the alternate zone of the beam (
not above 50%) helps in the safe transfer of the load
& greatly reduces the chances of failure
Stirrups for Beams and Girder Reinforcement
• Stirrup is the structural reinforcing member that holds or
binds together the main reinforcement of a beam or a girder
to a designed position.
• Two types of commonly used stirrups:
– Open Stirrups
– Closed Stirrups
Steps in finding the cutting length of stirrups
• Look at the size of column or beam from drawings
• Adopt Diameter of the bar
• Deduct the concrete cover or clear cover
• Find the total outer length of stirrup after deducting concrete cover.
• Add the length of the hook to the length of the stirrup
• Deduct the length of bends
• Use below formula to find the total cutting length of stirrups
Cutting Length of Stirrups = Perimeter of Shape + Total hook length – Total Bend Length
Important Basic formulas:
• Perimeter of Rectangle = 2 ( length + breadth)
8
Cutting length for
Stirrups
1. Considering the Rectangular
column size 230mm x 450mm.
2. Adopting Diameter of Bar used
for stirrups.
3. Deducting the concrete cover
20mm from all sides
• x = 230-20-20 = 190mm
• y = 450-20-20 = 410mm
Cutting length for
Stirrups
4. Total Length of the hooks:
From fig, There are two hooks which
means 9d+9d = 18d.
5. Total Length of Bends:
From above fig, There are 3 bends
which are bent at an angle of 90o and
two bends are bent at an angle of
135o
Total bend length = 3 x 900 Bend
length + 2 x 1350 Bend length = 3 x
2d + 2 x 3d = 12d = 12 x 8 = 96mm
Total Cutting length of Rectangular Stirrup = Perimeter of Rectangle + Total Hook length – Total Bend Length
=2 (x+y) +18d – 12d = 2 (190 + 410) + 18 x 8 – 12 x 8
= 1248mm = 1.248m
8
Solution:
1. By direct counting, there are 24 pcs @ 1.25m long
2. Total number of stirrups: 24 pcs x 8 beams = 192 pcs
3. Divide total number by length of rsb 192 pcs x 1.25 m = 48
5m
4. Order: 48 pcs – 8 mm x 5.00 meters
E. Slab Reinforcement
1. Main Reinforcements
a) Straight main rebars extending from one beam to the other
b) Alternate main rebars with bend between and over the beam support
c) Main alternate bars over support (beam or girder)
2. Temperature bars tied perpendicular to the main reinforcements
3. Additional alternate cut bars over the support (beam)
4. Dowels and hangers for ceiling and other attachment.
• https://www.civilology.com/bar-bending-schedule-for-slab/
• https://www.civilology.com/difference-between-one-way-
slab-two-way-slab/
• https://www.civilology.com/calculate-cutting-length-in-bar-
bending-schedule/
QUICK RECAP
ONE WAY SLAB TWO WAY SLAB
𝐿𝑥 𝐿𝑥
>2 <2
𝐿𝑦 𝐿𝑦
QUICK RECAP
ONE WAY SLAB TWO WAY SLAB
𝐿𝑥 𝐿𝑥
>2 <2
𝐿𝑦 𝐿𝑦
• One way slab is supported by two • Two way slab is supported by four
parallel beams or walls sides
Given Data:
• Main Reinforcement bars
Spacing
= 150 mm
• Temp bars spacing
= 250 mm
• Size of Reinforcement
= 13 mm
• Type of Reinforcement
= One Way
Solution:
Solving for Main bars @ 150 mm spacing :
• Solve for the area of the floor
4.7 𝑥 4.3 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟏 𝒎𝟐
• Refer to table 3.8 using 5.00 m bars
20.01 𝑥 3.524 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟐 𝒑𝒄𝒔 − 𝟓. 𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
Solving for Tie Wires @ 25 mm cc:
• Refer to table 3.8 using 5.00 m bars
20.01 𝑥 .163 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟗 𝒌𝒈 − #𝟏𝟔 𝑮𝑰 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆
One Way Slab Reinforcement Detailing
One Way Slab Reinforcement Detailing
One Way Slab Reinforcement Detailing
Given
• Main bars = 12 mm in diameter @ 150 mm center to center
spacing
• Distribution bars are 8 mm in diameter @ 150 mm center to
center spacing. (Main Bar & Distribution Bar Difference)
• Top and Bottom Clear Cover = 25 mm
• Consider Development length = 40 d
• Thickness of Slab = 150 mm
One Way Slab Bar Bending Schedule Calculation
Step 1
• Find number of bars required for main reinforcement and
distribution
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = +1
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐿𝑦 5000
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = +1= + 1 = 34
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 150
𝐿𝑥 2000
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = +1= + 1 = 14
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 150
Step 2
• Find cutting length of main bars and distribution bars
• Cutting Length of Main Bar:
= Clear Span of Slab (Lx) + (2 X Development Length) +(1 x
Inclined length) – (45° bend x 2)
=
Step 2
• Find cutting length of main bars and distribution bars
• Cutting Length of Main Bar:
• = [Clear Span of Slab, Lx] + [2 X Development Length] + [1 x
Inclined length] – [45° bend x 2]
THANK YOU!!