MY ENGLISH BOOKLET

TEACHER: Victoria Martino

SCHOOL:________
COURSE:4th_____
STUDENT:___________________
2024
 E.S.I.- PRESENT PERFECT
A. Pre-reading activity:
1. Do you practise any sport?
_________________________________________________________________
2. If yes, which one?
________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think is the text about?
_________________________________________________________
PLANET WORK: Women in sports: How level is the
playing field?
On the courts and in the courtrooms, the subject
of a woman's role in professional sports is
emblematic of the larger question on gender
equality today: is equal really equal? The issue
of women and their role in the sporting world
includes all the issues currently being debated in
the wider world - such as women in
decisionmaking roles, women in management,
women in a wide range of professions. Planet
Work examines how the role of women in the
world of sports illustrates the gender state of play
in the wider world, and how women are helping
to promote gender equality in a wider professional context through sports.

• In the world of sports, gender has become one of the main events. Women are taking an
increasingly active role in sports the world over, becoming more visible, assertive and
active in a way that goes beyond the arena. Winning in sports not only provides a
momentary rush of accomplishment - it also involves a race toward combating social
stereotyping and reaching the goal of gender equality. To say the hurdles that once
appeared insurmountable to women in sports are not only falling but being overcome is
not only an apt analogy but symbolic of the advancement women have made both on
and off an increasingly level playing field. Women athletes, trainers, promoters and
others who make their living in the sports sector are today going the extra mile to
change cultural norms - and finding that sports can provide a springboard for further
advancement in societies. Be it for work or pleasure, women athletes and their
supporters have literally made enormous strides, aiming their ambition, vision and
enthusiasm at the target of attaining a universal, equal status in the world of work.
• The visibility of women athletes, trainers and promoters in today's sports world is a far
cry from their status just slightly more than a century ago. When the first Olympic
Games of the modern era took place in 1896, the idea of women taking part was thought
to be "unfeminine". Since then, it is easy to see the progress that has since been made
in many parts of the world. By 1900, societal views had modernized enough to allow 11
women to stand beside the 1,319 men at the opening ceremony at the Paris Olympics,
although their participation was restricted to sports regarded as "suitable" for women -
tennis and golf.

(Text adapted from: https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/world-of-work-magazine/articles/WCMS_081377/lang-en/

index.htm#:~:text=Planet%20Work%20examines%20how%20the,wider%20professional%20context%20through%20sports)

B. After reading activities:

1. Scan the text and complete the following information: (Escanea el texto y completa con la
información solicitada)

Source of the
article:
1896:

By 1900s:

Sports suitable for

women:

2. Match these terms with their meaning: (Une el término con su definición)

1. Emblematic: A. It is the process of making choices by

identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing
alternative resolutions.
2. Decision-making: B. Too great to be overcome
3. Gender equality C. Having or showing a confident and forceful
personality. 4. Assertive D. Serving as a symbol of a particular
quality or concept;
symbolic.
 5. Insurmountable E. Something that helps launch an activity,
enterprise, etc 6. Springboard F. The state in which access
to rights or opportunities is
unaffected by gender.
3. Read the article again and choose the best subtitle for each paragraph: (Lee el texto
nuevamente y completa los recuadros con sus subtítulos)
a- Modern Era.
b- b- A race towards
gender equality.
4. According to the text, answer the following questions: (Responde estas preguntas)

A. What does Planet Work do?

B. How can you describe the role of women in sports?
C. What is the aim of women in the sport sector?
D. How long ago did women begin to play a leading role in sports?
E. Why do you think that women were considered as ‘unfeminine’ during the first Olympic
Games?
F. How do you see the role of women in sports today? Has it changed?
G. Do you believe that a sport woman is unfeminine at present?

Present perfect o presente perfecto es un tiempo verbal que usamos para

hablar de algo que sucedió en el pasado pero tiene relevancia en el presente, ya
sea porque ocurrió hace muy poco tiempo o porque es una acción que aún no ha
finalizado.
Se forma con el verbo have/has y el pasado participio del verbo principal de la
oración, así:

Para formar una oración negativa en presente perfecto simple debes

agregar la conjunción not entre el verbo have y el pasado participio del
verbo principal de la oración.
 Para formar una pregunta en presente perfecto simple, antecede el
verbo have/has al sujeto de la oración. Si vas a usar una pregunta de ‘Wh-
Questions´, solamente debes agregar la pregunta a la oración.

5. Now, find in the text 3 examples of present perfect sentences and copy them below
(Encuentra en el texto 3 ejemplos de oraciones en presente perfecto y cópialas aquí abajo):

1. _______________________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________________

6. Translate the following sentences: (Traduce las siguientes oraciones)

a) In the world of sports, gender has become one of the main events. Women are taking an active
role in that file.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

b) Women athletes, trainers and promoters have changed cultural norms and have discovered
that sports can provide a stimulus for further advancement in societies.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c) People have started to believe that women have the same opportunities as men in sport, but
the infrastructures available to women are very precarious.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

7. Complete this biography using the verbs in the present perfect tense. (Completa los espacios en
blanco con el presente perfecto de los verbos entre paréntesis)
 Gabriela Sabatini was born on May 16, 1970 in Buenos Aires. She is a former
professional tennis player. She was one of the leading players from the mid-1980
to mid-1990. She ______________ (win) 41 titles in her professional career.
She ___________________ (defeat) the number 1 in the world on ten occasions
(Steffi
Graf seven times, Monica Seles twice and Martina Navratilova once) during her
career.

8- Now it is your turn! Find about another sport woman who has fought the social

stereotyping and fill in the following chart. (¡Ahora es tu turno! Investiga sobre otra mujer
deportista que haya combatido los estereotipos sociales y completa el siguiente cuadro).

NAME:
DATE OF BIRTH:
NATIONALITY
SPORT:
PRIZES (if any):

9- Write sentences with the ideas from the previous chart. (Escribe oraciones con la
información que usaste para completar el cuadro anterior)

a. __________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________
d. __________________________________________________________________________
e. __________________________________________________________________________

PRESENT PERFECT: TIME EXPRESIONS

A- Pre-Reading activities
1) Look at the title and first paragraph: why do you think the circumstances will be ‘unusual’?
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
............

2) Complete.

Date of publishing and

source:..........................................................................................................................................

Main topic and objective of the

article:.........................................................................................................................

3) Write the meaning of these phrases in Spanish.

1. significant officials:..................................................
2. quit (verb):............................................................
3. host the Games:......................................................
4. World War I broke out:.............................................
5. Gender equality:.....................................................

B- While-reading activities
1) These sentences have been removed from the article. Put them in the correct place.
(Estas oraciones han sido removidas del texto. Ubicalas en el lugar correcto )

A.The Olympics creative director, Hiroshi Sasaki, quit in March after calling a popular
comedian and plus-size fashion designer, Naomi Watanabe, “Olympig.”

B. But high-profile American athletes like Simone Biles, Katie Ledecky and Allyson Felix
are going to return.

C.You should decide what animals or creatures they are

D.They have added women’s competitions in sports like boxing and wrestling.

E. They are also happy to have billions in television money that they would lose if the
Games were cancelled.

THE TOKYO OLYMPICS EXPLAINED

By Victor Mather
April 6, 2021

After a year’s delay, the Tokyo Summer Olympics will start soon. The world’s best
athletes will compete in the pool, on the track, around the velodrome and high above the
trampoline. But the circumstances will be most unusual.
Are the 2021 Olympics cancelled?
No. The Summer Games, scheduled for Tokyo in July and August 2020, were delayed for a year
because of the pandemic. The Games are scheduled to be from July 23 to Aug. 8. The
Paralympics, also delayed by a year, will take place from Aug. 24 to Sept. 5. The International
Olympic Committee and the Tokyo organizing committee has just decided to hold the Games in
July after years of planning. (1. ____) . Organizers say postponing again is not possible.
Surveys show that 80 % of people in Japan think the Games should not go on this summer.

?
Japanese fans can attend the events. But most international visitors will not be
allowed to come to Japan for the Olympics. Exceptions will be made for athletes,
officials and some news media members. The opening ceremony was closed to the
public and the routes won’t be announced until 30 minutes before the start time.
Spectators can attend only in their home areas and cheering is prohibited.

What’s with the sexism from Olympics officials?

Two significant Olympics officials have left their posts after making sexist remarks. In February,
the president of the Tokyo Olympic organizing committee, Yoshiro Mori, resigned after saying
that women talk too much in meetings. (2. _____).

The Summer and Winter Olympics alternate every two years. Because of the delay in the 2020
Summer Games, the 2022 Winter Games will follow the Tokyo Olympics by only six months.
The Summer Games will return in 2024. The tradition of the Olympics being held every four
years was borrowed from the ancient Olympics in Greece, which started in 776 B.C.

Who is the mascot?

The mascots have already started to appear everywhere! Miraitowa is
the mascot of the Games, and Someity is the Paralympics mascot. The
name Miraitowa is drawn from the Japanese words for “future” and
“eternity.” Someity’s name is taken from a type of cherry tree. (3.
_____)!

Will Usain Bolt be there? How about Michael Phelps?

No. Two of the biggest stars of recent Games have retired. (4.______)

?
Baseball and softball have returned after a 13-year absence. The new sports
are karate, surfing, sport climbing and skateboarding. Some sports will include mixed-gender
teams, for example, swimming, triathlon, archery and table tennis.

What events were eliminated?

No sports will be missing. Some men’s events in various sports were modified in favour of
women’s events to have gender equality. It has been important for the organizers for many
years. (5._____)

Is North Korea coming? No. It will skip the Games “to protect our athletes from the
global health crisis caused by the malicious virus infection,” said the Korean government. The
authorities haven’t said anything else about it yet. North Korea has participated in every
Summer Games since 1972 except for 1984 in Los Angeles, when it joined a Soviet boycott, and
1988 in Seoul, South Korea. North Korean athletes have won 16 gold medals.

2) Which is the question in the paragraphs without a subtitle? Write the headings in the
correct box. (¿Cuáles son las preguntas en los párrafos sin subtítulo? Escribelas en el
recuadro correcto)

★ How often are the Olympics held

★ What are the new sports and events
★ will there be an audience in the stands

C- After-reading activities

1) Read again and answer the questions. (Lee nuevamente y responde las preguntas)
1. Why isn’t North Korea going to participate in the Games?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Which changes related to the pandemic will be done?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Why hasn’t Tokio postponed the Games this year?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2) GRAMMAR: present perfect + FOR/SINCE

a) Look at the pink verbs in the article. Circle (Mira los verbos en rosado. Encierra):
❖ The tense is past continuous/past simple/present perfect/future simple.
❖ We use this tense to talk about a situation that happened in the present/past/future, but
it has relevance in the past/present/future.
b) One of the stars of the Games is Megan Rapinoe, a soccer player. Underline examples
of the present perfect in this extract written on her Instagram:

There has been a big change in soccer: it is no longer a game only for men. In
Germany women have only played since 1970. Many countries have created a
national women´s soccer team which has played for a long time. Women´s soccer
has become an Olympic sport.

c) These two sentences are taken from the text and from the article ‘The Tokyo
Olympics Explained’. Read them carefully:
 “In Germany women have only played since 1970”
North Korea has participated in every Summer Games since 1972
“...a soccer team which has played for a long time”
It has been important for the organizers for many years.

d) Think about the highlighted words and choose the two correct answers:

For: indicates a period of time

Since: indicates a starting point in time
Since: indicates a point in future time

e) Classify these words under the correct heading: for (por) / since (desde)

last summer / two weeks / my birthday / I arrived at home / three days /my childhood / a few
minutes /2015 / ten years/ I was young / 1st April

For since

f) Complete these sentences with “for” or “since”

1. Megan Rapinoe has played in her team ________ some years.

2. The athletes have trained ________ two hours.
3. Nyjah Huston, another participant in the Games, has liked skateboarding ________ 2010.
4. Katie Ledecky, the great swimmer, has signed autographs _______ she arrived at the
airport.

3) GRAMMAR: present perfect + just/yet/already

a) Look at these underlined sentences from the article and read about just, yet and
already.
❖ The mascots have already started to appear everywhere!
❖ The Tokyo organizing committee has just decided to hold the Games in July.
❖ The authorities haven’t said anything else about it yet.

✋“Already” se refiere a algo que ha pasado antes o más pronto de lo que se esperaba y es
traducido como “ya” en castellano. “Already” va entre el verbo auxiliar y el verbo en participio.

✋ “Just” se utiliza para acciones que han ocurrido hace poco tiempo y se traduce como
“acabar de” o “justo”. Al igual que con “already”, “just” va antes del verbo o entre el auxiliar y el
verbo en la frase.

✋“Yet” es usado para algo que esperabamos que sucediera, pero todavía no ha pasado. Es
utilizado en frases negativas e interrogativas. En frases negativas puede ser traducido como
"aún"’ o “todavía” y en preguntas como “ya”. En contraste con los otros adverbios de esta lección,
“yet” va al final de la frase.

b) Nyjah, Katie and Megan are taking part in a sporting event for charity. There
are some activities to complete. it is lunchtime now, and each competitor has
already completed some of them but hasn’t completed others yet. Complete
the sentences using YET or ALREADY, and the present perfect form of the
verbs in the ‘activities’ column.

Activity Nyjah Katie Megan

run 1km ✓

swim 10 lengths ✓ ✓ ✓

play 3 table tennis ✓ ✓

matches

climb a Wall ✓ ✓

lift 100kg ✓

1) Nyjah hasn’t………………………………………………………………………………….yet.
2) Katie……………………………………………………………………………………..……………….
3) Katie………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4) All of them……………………………………………………………………………………………
5) Katie and Megan…………………………………………………………………………………
6) Katie and Nyjah…………………………………………………………………………………
c) WHAT HAS JUST HAPPENED?
Imagine that your friend can’t watch a football match you’re watching now. Tell him/her what
has just happened using Whatsapp. Remember, use present perfect and “just”. Write 5
sentences. (Imagina que un amigo/a tuyo no puede ver un partido de fútbol que vos estas
mirando ahora. Contale que ha ocurrido. Escribe 5 oraciones usando los verbos del recuadro)

score kick fall pass the ball make a save shout

SONG I STILL HAVEN´T FOUND WHAT I´M LOOKING FOR
PASSIVE vOICE Pre-reading activities:
1) Translate the title
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) Read the text in blue and answer:
a- How many nations participated in the parade?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b- Look for 2 synonyms in English of the word “boisterous”.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….……………
c- Who is Paula Pareto? What did she do at the ceremony?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………….…
3) Look at the picture and describe what can you see
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
1- Answer:

a- How many medals did Argentina win in Rio 2016?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b- When did Argentina win its first Olympic medal?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c- In which sport did Argentina win 20 medals?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d- Which sport teams won the gold medal in 2004?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e- Who Argentinian athlete have won two gold medals at the Olympic Games?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2- Write TRUE or FALSE beside these sentences. Justify the false ones.

a- In Paris 1924, the men's polo team won all four of their matches to seal gold in a competition.
b- In Athens 2004, men’s basketball team won over heavy favourites, the United States of
America, at the final and won the gold medal.
c- In Beijing 2008, the football team wouldn’t go on to successfully defend their title and won
the silver medal.
d- In London 2012, Sebastian Crismanich won Argentina's only gold in the men's judo
competition.
e- In Rio 2016, the men’s hockey team defeated Belgium 4-2 in the final and won the bronze
medal.

ARGENTINA GETS OLYMPIC PARTY STARTED

B) READING COMPREHENSION

C) GRAMMAR POINTThis time we will work with “Voz Pasiva” (Passive Voice).

 What is Passive Voice definition

 The passive voice is used to show
interest in the person or object that
experiences an action rather than the
person or object that performs the
action. In other words, the most
important thing or person becomes
the subject of the sentence.
 How do you identify Passive Voice?
La voz pasiva se usa para mostrar
interés en la persona u objeto que
experimenta una acción en lugar de
la persona u objeto que realiza la
acción. En otras palabras, la cosa o
la persona más importante se
convierte en el sujeto de la oración.

To identify passive Para identificar la voz pasiva,

voice, look at what observe lo que sucedió y
observe quién fue el
happened and look at
responsable de hacerlo. Si la
who was responsible for
persona o cosa responsable de
doing it. If the person or realizar las acciones se omite o
thing responsible for aparece en la oración
doing the actions is DESPUÉS de lo que sucedió, Y
si ves un participio pasado

 What is passive sentence structure?

 What is the difference between passive and active voice?

Active voice means that a La voz activa significa que una

sentence has a subject that oración tiene un sujeto que actúa
acts upon its verb.
sobre su verbo.

Passive voice means that a

subject is a recipient of a La voz pasiva significa que un sujeto
verb's action. es un receptor de la acción de un
 Tenses: Active and Passive Voices examples
 The passive is frequently used in English ; it is used in all the different tenses and all
the different modes: the rules are the same as for the active form, you just have to
follow the tense indicators.
El pasivo se usa con frecuencia en inglés; se usa en todos los tiempos diferentes y en
todos los modos diferentes: las reglas son las mismas que para la forma activa, solo
tienes que seguir los indicadores de tiempo.

D) PRACTICE
3- Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.

a- The 2020 Olympic Games ……………………………. (hold) in Tokyo.

b- The Olympic Games …………………. (grant) the athletes the opportunity to be seen worldwide.
c- A new hotel ……………………………… (build) in the Olimpic Village.
d- English …………………………………. (speak) all over the Village.
e- Next week the sports centre ………………..………. (close) definetely.

4- Turn into the passive form:

a- The Olympic Games are in tribute to their ancient origins.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b- Many people say the Olympic Games are risky.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c- In Tokyo, the school orchestra will play the national anthem. .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d- In the future, people won't look at the Olympic Games in the same way.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
e- By the end of the month, the Olympics will be over.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E) PRODUCTION

Look at the picture and read:

The Argentine judoka Paula Pareto was one of the athletes chosen to carry the
Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the opening ceremony of
the Olympic Games Tokyo 2021.
Being flagged during the opening ceremony is one of the greatest recognition an
Olympic athlete can receive, along with lighting the cauldron.

Pareto, 35, says goodbye to the elite competition in these Olympic Games Tokyo
2020. From now on she will dedicate herself to her other passion…

In addition to her extraordinary sport performance in several previous Olympic Games, her other
“passion” activity was one of the main reasons why she was chosen to carry the flag in Tokyo 2020…

What is her other “passion”? Why do you think she was chosen? Do you agree?

f- Look for information and express yourself.

Here you have the link to listen to the activity: https://youtu.be/X_VIyOSSs48
First, you will see an explanation about Passive Voice.When do we use it?
1) Read the following text about how paper is made and observe the
diagram.
 2) Now,Identify in the text 3 sentences in the Passive Voice in the simple present. VOZ
PASIVA EN PRESENTE.

3) Finally, write a paragraph using the following vocabulary. ESCRIBIR UN PÁRRAFO

EXPLICANDO COMO ES EL PROCESO PARA QUE LA HOJA DE PAPEL DEL LIBRO DEL
CUAL FUE EXTRAÍDA ESTA ACTIVIDAD LLEGUE A TU ESCUELA.EN ESTA
OPORTUNIDAD HACERLO CON VOZ PASIVA EN PASADO.

UTILIZAR EL SIGUIENTE VOCABULARIO:

CUT DOWN TREES

TRANSPORT TREE TO PAPER MILL MAKE PAPER
CUT PAPER
MAKE BOOK
TRANSPORT BOOK TO SHOP SELL BOOK
BRING BOOK TO SCHOOL
NO OLVIDES AGREGAR CONECTORES PARA UNIR LAS
IDEAS (First, next, then, after that, finally)

First,trees are cut down.Then,...........................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

22
Look at these headlines and write the missing verb forms:

23
 THE CYCLE OF A PLASTIC BOTTLE

Watch the following video: https://eslvideo.com/quiz.php?id=34557

a- Watch the video and choose the correct answer:

1. Who are the characters in this story?
a.) plastic
b.) three plastic bottles

2. Plastic is made of _____________.

a.) pellets
b.) oil and gas

3. How much plastic ends up in landfills?

a.) all of it
b.) hundreds of millions of tons

4. Rainwater flows through the waste and absorbs toxic compounds. The toxic water is called
leachate, and it _____________________.
a.) evaporates
b.) can move into groundwater, soil and streams, poisoning ecosystems and harming wildlife.

5. How long can it take for a bottle to decompose?

a.) 100 years
b.) 1000 years

6. What is the name of the massive vortex of trash in the Pacific Ocean?
a.) The Pacific Garbage Patch
b.) The Pacific Trash Gyre

24
7. How many plastic-filled trash vortexes, or gyres, are there in the world's seas?
a.) one
b.) five

8. Why do the animals eat the plastic?

a.) They think it's food.
b.) Because they are starving.

9. Do most plastics biodegrade?

a.) Yes, they do.
b.) No, then don't.

10. Bottle number three is _____________.

a.) in the Pacific Garbage Patch
b.) recycled
B- This is the transcript of the video. Find examples of passive voice, transcribe them and translate them into Spanish:

This is the story of three plastic bottles, empty and discarded. Their journeys are about to diverge with outcomes
that impact nothing less than the fate of the planet. But they weren't always this way. To understand where these
bottles end up, we must first explore their origins.

The heroes of our story were conceived in this oil refinery. The plastic in their bodies was formed by chemically
bonding oil and gas molecules together to make monomers. In turn, these monomers were bonded into long
polymer chains to make plastic in the form of millions of pellets. Those were melted at manufacturing plants and
reformed in molds to create the resilient material that makes up the triplets' bodies.

Machines filled the bottles with sweet bubbily liquid and they were then wrapped, shipped, bought, opened,
consumed and unceremoniously discarded. And now here they lie, poised at the edge of the unknown.

Bottle one, like hundreds of millions of tons of his plastic brethren, ends up in a landfill. This huge dump expands
each day as more trash comes in and continues to take up space. As plastics sit there being compressed
amongst layers of other junk, rainwater flows through the waste and absorbs the water-soluble compounds it
contains, and some of those are highly toxic. Together, they create a harmful stew called leachate, which can
move into groundwater, soil and streams, poisoning ecosystems and harming wildlife.

It can take bottle one an agonizing 1,000 years to decompose.

Bottle two's journey is stranger but, unfortunately, no happier. He floats on a trickle that reaches a stream, a
stream that flows into a river, and a river that reaches the ocean. After months lost at sea, he's slowly drawn into a
massive vortex, where trash accumulates, a place known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Here the ocean's
currents have trapped millions of pieces of plastic debris. This is one of five plastic-filled gyres in the world's seas.
Places where the pollutants turn the water into a cloudy plastic soup.

Some animals, like seabirds, get entangled in the mess. They, and others, mistake the brightly colored plastic bits
for food. Plastic makes them feel full when they're not, so they starve to death and pass the toxins from the plastic
up the food chain. For example, it's eaten by lanternfish, the lanternfish are eaten by squid, the squid are eaten by

25
tuna, and the tuna are eaten by us. And most plastics don't biodegrade, which means they're destined to break
down into smaller and smaller pieces called micro plastics, which might rotate in the sea eternally.

But bottle three is spared the cruel purgatories of his brothers. A truck brings him to a plant where he and his
companions are squeezed flat and compressed into a block. Okay, this sounds pretty bad, too, but hang in there.
It gets better. The blocks are shredded into tiny pieces, which are washed and melted, so they become the raw
materials that can be used again. As if by magic, bottle three is now ready to be reborn as something completely
new. For this bit of plastic with such humble origins, suddenly the sky is the limit.

PASSIVE VOICE EXAMPLES:

IN THE PRESENT:



IN THE PAST:




C- TURN THESE SENTENCES INTO PASIVE VOICE:

1 Machines filled the bottles with sweet bubbly liquid.

___________________________________________________________________________
2-They create a harmful stew called leachate.
___________________________________________________________________________
3-This huge dump expands each day.
___________________________________________________________________________
4-Animals eat plastic and they feel full.
___________________________________________________________________________
5-The pollutants turn the Water into a cloudy plastic soup.
___________________________________________________________________________

Legends
Read the following legend about King Arthur and do the activities that follow:

Guy Ritchie’s “King Arthur: Legend of the Sword”,

another take on the ancient Arthurian myth
May 25, 2017 Goran Blazeski

The legend of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table has been told and retold for
over one thousand years. It is a story of biblical proportions about the rise and fall of a king,
betrayal and the eternal inner struggle between good and evil.

There is hardly a person who hasn’t at least heard about the mythical Excalibur drawn from
the stone. The sword that gave Arthur the power of belief and united an entire nation.

26
The tales of the gallant warrior of Camelot exceeded the boundaries of folklore and inspired
numerous interpretations throughout the centuries. Influenced by the legend, many authors
were compelled to go in a different direction; to ignore history completely, and rewrite the
story from scratch.

Mordred, Arthur’s final foe according to Geoffrey of Monmouth, illustrated by H. J. Ford

(1902)

The 19th century gave rebirth to King Arthur’s saga and over the years it became part of pop
culture and our collective consciousness. The legend continues to live on, not just in
literature, but also adapted for the stage and the big screen.

The latest retelling of the Arthurian legend recently appeared in cinemas across the world.
Directed by Guy Ritchie, “King Arthur: Legend of the Sword” is just another attempt by
Hollywood to turn this ancient old tale to a franchise. But, just by seeing the numbers at the
box office, it’s fair to say that they failed yet again. And this time, maybe permanently.

Guy Ritchie directed “King Arthur: Legend of the Sword”. Photo Credit
a- PRE READING ACTIVITIES:
1. Read the title and watch the images. Now answer:
1. Have you heard of king Arthur and his sword?
2. What about Excalibur?
3. Do you know what a legend is?
4. Which ones do you know in our country?

b- AFTER READING ACTIVITIES:

A. Read and answer the questions:

1. What is the legend of King Arthur about?

2. Does everybody know about it?
3. Who/what gave Arthur power?
4. What did the tales inpire?
27
 5. What did many authors do with the story?
6. What happened in the 19th century?

C- Write T/F. Justify the incorrect ones (in English):

1. The story is about a King.
2. The inner struggle is between the King and the knights.
3. Excalibur gave power of belief and union of the nation to the King.
4. The tales of the King Arthur did not exceed boundaries.

D- Copy 2 sentences in PASSIVE VOICE and translate them:

1. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________

D. Complete the sentences using PASSIVE VOICE. Use information from the text.

1. The story has been (tell) …………...by ……………..

2. Stories from scratch (rewrite) ………………….by writers.
3. King Arthur's saga (give) ……...……..by ………………in the 19th century.
4. "King Arthur : Legend of the Sword" (direct)…………………….. by ……………….
5. An entire nation (unite) …………. by …………

SONG TIME!!!

28
29
 Conditional sentences type 2
PRE-READING ACTIVITIES:
-WHO WAS STEVE JOBS?
-WHAT DOES “GREENER LIFE” MEAN?
-WHAT DO YOU THINK THE TEXT WILL BE ABOUT?
Read the text!

While Reading activity!

a- What kind of text is it?
b- What does the word “Prioritize” mean?

“ IF TODAY WERE THE LAST DAY OF MY LIFE, WOULD I WANT TO DO WHAT I AM ABOUT TO
DO TODAY? (TRADUCE)
c- ¿Qué crees que quiso decir Steve Jobs? Explica con tus palabras (puedes hacerlo en castellano)

30
d- WHAT IS A BRAINSTORMING

 Check if you have understood! (Completa con los verbos que están entre paréntesis)

After Reading Activity.

31
Complete using the words in brackets “(..)
We´d = We Would

Recuerda que Utilizamos el 2º Condicional también para dar consejos. Si yo fuera tu haría ……
IF I WERE YOU I WOULD DO………..
- ¿Qué harías si estuvieras en una isla desierta?

Lee el texto y subraya la opción correcta. Recuerda “I Would = I´d” (significan lo

mismo)

32
 “PLASTIC RECYCLING”

1) Read the text and underline key words and then use them to write the principal idea of the text.
(Lee el texto y subraya las palabras claves, luego usalas para escribir la idea principal del texto,
puede ser en Español).

In Buenos Aires, the local waste treatment is a discussed subject and growing problem. The official
method of final disposal is sanitary landfills, treated by waste treatment companies, but also a number of
secret open dumps are distributed around the city in the Buenos Aires province. This way of taking care of
the waste is not sustainable. Buenos Aires reached its landfill spacepeak in 2012, there is no more room
to create new landfill sites.

33
The last decade the Government's and CEAMSE´s emphasis has been put on closing the existing open
dumps and to focus on the construction of waste treatment plants for the recycling of materials, transfer
stations, new landfills and also to expand already existing landfills.

So, why is only a fifth of plastic recycled? Collecting, sorting and processing waste plastic is expensive
and some plastics cannot be recycled because of the hazardous chemicals used to make them.

“Reduce, reuse, and recycle.” We’ve all heard it for years, and hopefully practiced it whenever possible.
But, be honest, you’re doing more recycling and less reducing and reusing, right?

No judgment, we’re all doing that. Why?

Because recycling programmes are part of our
daily lives.
We have different bins, and separate
pick-ups, and even little recycling symbols on our bottles and boxes. It’s an integral part of helping t protect
our environment, and a lot of the time, it’s as easy s as dropping your trash in the blue (or green) bin, no
matter where you are — home, work, airport, mall, anywhere, really. But, as much as w rely on recycling to
help keep our Earth clean and free of dangerous plastics, it might not be working like many of us thought.

In fact, a lot of this trash we thought we were recycling was really (maybe accidentally) ending up in the
ocean. That means, while we all thought we were doing something good, we were actually
contributing to major pollution of the oceans. That’s horrifying when you stop and think about it — the good
we all were doing might have done something very bad.

Reduce and reuse are important aspects of protecting the environment. This might mean limiting the amount
of plastic you buy and use. Even using a portable coffee cup helps, because many to-go coffee cups are lined
to keep the coffee in, which prevents them from being recyclable. Reducing, reusing, and recycling are
certainly not always easy to do or understand, but they are absolutely valuable to us and the environment. The
alternative is more landfills and even more plastic clogging up our oceans.

Hopefully these tips help you rethink how you toss out your trash, and remember that the real first step is
believing that you can make a positive difference on our planet, because you can.

2. Answer the following questions (Responder las siguientes preguntas)

A- ARE WE, ARGENTINE PEOPLE, CONSCIOUS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF RECYCLING PLASTIC?

B- DO YOU KNOW OF ANY PRODUCT AT HOME THAT WE REUSE? WHICH ONE?

C- WHERE DOES THE PLASTIC WE THROW AWAY END UP IN ARGENTINA?

D- HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF CEAMSE?

34
 E- DO THEY RECYCLE ANYTHING THERE?

3. Now watch the following YouTube video:

https://youtu.be/RT8pEDdvmDM

AFTER WATCHING: (CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER)

(ELIGE LA RESPUESTA CORRECTA DESPUES DE MIRAR EL VIDEO).

*THE INTENTION OF THE VIDEO IS:

A. A-TO SHOW THAT LANDFILLS (BASURALES USADOS PARA RELLENO DE TIERRAS) ARE FULL OF RUBBISH.
B. B-TO SHOW THE IMPORTANCE OF RECYCLING PLASTIC.
C. C-TO SHOW THAT PLASTIC IS NOT USED FREQUENTLY.

*THE ORGANIZATION THAT PUBLISHES THIS VIDEO, OECD -ORGANIZATION FOR

ECONOMICAL AND COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT (EN ESPAÑOL: ORGANIZACIÓN PARA LA
COOPERCIÓN Y DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO) AFFIRMS THAT:

A. WE HAVE PRODUCED MORE PLASTIC FOR 70 YEARS.

B. WE HAVE PRODUCED LESS PLASTIC FOR 70 YEARS.
C. WE HAVE PRODUCED THE SAME AMOUNT OF PLASTIC FOR 70 YEARS.

*THE VIDEO AFFIRMS THAT:

A. MORE THAN 30 PER CENT IS RECYCLED.

B. LESS THAN 20 PER CENT IS RECYCLED.
C. MORE THAN 20 PER CENT IS RECYCLED.

*THE CAUSE WHY SO LITTLE IS RECYCLED IS THAT:

A- PLASTIC IS NOT VERY MUCH USED.

B- PEOPLE USE OTHER PRODUCTS THAN PLASTIC IN THEIR PACKAGING.
C- PLASTIC CONTAINS DANGEROUS CHEMICALS THAT ARE ALSO HAZARDOUS
(PELIGROSOS) FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND IT IS EXPENSIVE.

*THE OECD RECOMMENDS:

35
 A- TO CONTINUE PRODUCING MORE PLASTIC.
B- TO CONTINUE THROWING IT AWAY.
C- TO USE HIGH QUALITY SUSTAINABLE AND RECYCLED PLASTIC.

*IT ALSO PROPOSES:

A- TAXES ON THROWING AWAY PLASTIC.

B- MORE TAXES ON PRODUCING NEW PLASTIC.
C- MORE TAXES ON RECYCLING.

GRAMMAR: Vamos a focalizar en gramática ahora.

Situaciones hipotéticas (irreales o improbables).

ORACIONES CONDICIONALES
A continuación dos videos explicativos en YouTube:

o https://youtu.be/MjLToRLHV9E
o https://youtu.be/RB8cDdvj5uc

EXAMPLES:

“IF PEOPLE THREW ALL THE PLASTIC USED AT HOME FOR 20 YEARS LONG, WE WOULD NOT HAVE
ANY MORE SPACE FOR LANDFILLS”.

SU EQUIVALENTE EN ESPAÑOL SERÍA:

“SI LA GENTE CONTINUARA/SE TIRANDO EL PLÁSTICO USADO EN LOS HOGARES, POR 20 AÑOS
MÁS, NO TENDRÍAMOS MÁS LUGAR EN LOS BASURALES USADOS PARA RELLENOS”.

ESTA ES UNA SITUACIÓN QUE ESTAMOS IMAGINANDO, ES HIPOTÉTICA, NO REAL EN ESTE

MOMENTO, PERO PODRÍA SERLO EN 20 AÑOS.

“SI” SE EXPRESA CON “IF”, Y EL VERBO “TIRAR” PARA QUE PUEDA EXPRESARSE COMO “TIRARA” O
“TIRASE” DEBE COLOCARSE EN PASADO:

THROW---------THREW (EN PASADO).

MIREMOS ESTE EJEMPLO AHORA:

*“IF ARGENTINIANS DID NOT BECOME CONSCIOUS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF RECYCLING, THE
CONSEQUENCES WOULD BE CATASTROPHIC”.

36
 LO TRADUCIRÍAMOS COMO:

*“SI LA GENTE NO FUERA/SE CONSCIENTE DE LA IMPORTANCIA DE RECICLAR, LAS

CONSECUENCIAS SERÍAN CATASTRÓFICAS”.

EN ESTE CASO EL PASADO, AL SER LA ORACIÓN NEGATIVA, SE EXPRESA CON El AUXILIAR “DID
NOT” O “DIDN´T” Y EL VERBO EN INFINITIVO. (“DIDN´T BECOME”)

SI QUISIÉRAMOS NEGAR “WOULD”, LO HACEMOS CON “NOT” O SU ABREVIACIÓN “WOULDN´T”.

*WE WOULDN´T HAVE MORE SPACE IN LANDFILLS” (NO TENDRÍAMOS..)

4-TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS INTO SPANISH:

A- “IF WE DIDN´T USE A MORE SUSTAINABLE TYPE OF PLASTIC; WE WOULD BE IN A

CRITICAL CONDITION NOW”.

B- “MORE PEOPLE WOULD BE INTERESTED IN RECYCLING AND RECYCLABLE PRODUCTS

IF SCHOOLS HAD EDUCATIONAL CAMPAIGNS SINCE THE FIRST
GRADES”.

C- “IF ARGENTINIANS PUT THESE IDEAS INTO PRACTICE, THE

FUTURE GENERATIONS WOULD BE THANKFUL TO US”.

Use the following graphic to generate ideas using the conditional in (D) and (E)

37
D- IF
(YOUR IDEA)

E- THE IF
IDEA)

38
TE DEJAMOS ACA ABAJO LA LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES PARA QUE PUEDAS BUSCAR LOS
PASADOS DE LOS VERBOS. RECORDA QUE ESTAN EN LA 2DA COLUMNA (SIMPLE PAST) Y QUE
LOS VERBOS ESTAN EN ORDEN ALFABETICO.

BIBLIOGRPGHY:
 Clarek, Simon, English Grammar in Context, essential, 2008
 List of Irregular verbs.
 Liveworksheets, Listening activities.
 Movie “The Boy who harssened the wind” downloaded from internet, 2019.
 Worksheets designed by Teachers in Pandemia, 2020, 2021.

39
40
41
42
43