MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY

OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL)

SUBMISSION OF SPSS SOFTWARE DATA ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT

COURSE NAME: DATA ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

COURSE CODE: SSS261
NAME OF LECTURER: MR. RABSON NGULUBE
TOPIC: FACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYMENT SATISFACTION IN ZAMBIA.
DUE DATE: 29th March, 2024
STUDENT DETAILS: -
STUDENT ONE

STUDENT NAME SUSAN NAMUCHILE KANDA

PROGRAMME BACHELOR OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

SCHOOL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

STUDENT ID 202205067

YEAR OF STUDY SECOND YEAR

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL)
TOPIC: Factors Influencing Street Vendors' Experience in Zambia

Dear Respondent,
I am a student from Mulungushi University researching Factors Influencing Street
Vendors' Experience in Zambia. Your participation in this study is greatly valued, as your
insights will contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities
faced by street vendors in our community. Please be assured that all information provided
will be kept strictly confidential and used solely for academic purposes. Your cooperation
is highly appreciated.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR RESPONDENTS
Please kindly indicate your name on the questionnaire (optional).
Circle or Tick [√] the appropriate answer of your choice.
Please try to answer all the questions that apply to you.
1. Gender:
a) Male
b) Female

2. Age:
a) 18-25
b) 26-35
c) 36-45
d) 46 and above

3. Educational Background:
a) No formal education
b) Primary school (Incomplete/Completed)
c) Secondary school (Incomplete/Completed)
d) Certificate/Diploma
e) Bachelor's degree
f) Master's degree or higher

4. How many years have you been involved in street vending?

a) Less than 1 year
b) 1-3 years
c) 4-6 years
d) 7 years or more

5. What is your average monthly income from street vending?

a) Below K1000
b) K1001-K2000
c) K2001-K3000
d) K3001-K4000
e) 4001 and Above
6. How many hours do you typically spend on street vending per day?
a) Less than 4 hours
b) 4-6 hours
c) 7-9 hours
d) 10 hours or more

7. Have you experienced any changes in your income due to regulatory changes or
evictions?
a) Increased
b) Decreased
c) No change

8. Have you obtained permits or licenses for street vending?

a) Yes
b) No

9. Rate the clarity and fairness of the current regulatory framework for street vending on a
scale of 1-5:
a) Very unclear and unfair
b) Unclear and unfair
c) Neutral
d) Clear and fair
e) Very clear and fair

10. What types of products or services do you sell as a street vendor?

(Please specify) __________________________

11. Have you experienced social stigma or discrimination as a street vendor?

a) Yes
b) No

12. What are the main challenges you face as a street vendor?
(Please specify) __________________________
13. Have you experienced any instances of harassment or violence while street vending?
a) Yes
b) No

14. Are you a member of any street vendor associations or networks?

a) Yes
b) No

15. How do you interact with other street vendors in your area?
(Please specify) __________________________

16. What improvements do you desire in the regulatory framework for street vending?
(Please specify) __________________________

17. What suggestions do you have for how local authorities can better support street
vendors?
(Please specify) __________________________

18. Are there any specific initiatives or programs you believe would benefit street vendors
in the community?
(Please specify) __________________________

END OF QUESTIONNAIRE

Thank you for your valuable input.

 FREQUENCY TABLES PIE CHARTS AND GRAPHS

Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Male 17 56.7 56.7 56.7

Female 13 43.3 43.3 100.0

Valid Total 30 100.0 100.0

Table 1.0. Gender

Figure 1.0. Gender

Table 1.0. Shows the gender distribution of the study population. Of the total population of 30, 17
were male representing 56.7% of the total population while 13 were female representing 43.3% of
the total population. Therefore, it can be concluded that the study had more male participants
than females.

The dataset that has been provided contains information from a diverse group of street vendors,
including both male and female respondents. The data collected from these vendors is expected to
offer valuable insights into the street vending industry and provide a better understanding of the
challenges and opportunities that exist within this sector (Bernal-Torres et al., 2020)
 Frequency Percent Cumulative
Valid
Percent Percent
17-20 8 26.7 26.7 26.7

21-25 7 23.3 23.3 50.0

26-30 9 30.0 30.0 80.0

6 20.0 20.0 100.0
30 and
above

Valid Total 30 100.0 100.0

Age

Table 2.0. Age Figure 2.0. Age

Table 2.0. Shows the age distribution of the study population. From the total population of 30, 9
were in the age range of 26-30 representing 30% of the total population while 8 were in the age
range of representing 26.7% of the total population, 7 were in the age range of 21-25
representing 23.3% of the total population, and 6 were in the age range of 30 and above
representing 20% of the total population. Therefore, it can be concluded that the study had more
participates from the age range of 26-30 than the age range of and above.

Educational Qualification
Frequency Percent Cumulative
Valid
Percent Percent
No Formal Education 7 23.3 23.3 23.3

Secondary 6 20.0 20.0 43.3

Primary 14 46.7 46.7 90.0

3 10.0 10.0 100.0

Degree or higher

Valid Total 30 100.0 100.0

Table 3.0. Educational Qualification Figure 3.0. Educational Qualifications

Table 3.0. Shows the Educational Qualification distribution of the study population. From the
total population of 30, 14 had Bachelor's Primary representing 46.7% of the total population
while 7 had No Formal Education representing 23.3% of the total population, 6 had Diplomas or
Certificates representing 20.0% of the total population, and 3 had Degree or higher representing
10.0% of the total population. Therefore, it can be concluded that the study had more participates
with Primary.

Street Vending Characteristics

Years Involved in Street Vending

The survey conducted revealed that there is a significant variation in the duration of
involvement of the respondents in street vending. While some participants have been a
part of this trade for several years, others are relatively new to it. This indicates that there
is a mix of experienced and novice vendors in the market, who bring different
perspectives, skills, and challenges to the table. The diversity in the level of experience
and expertise can also impact the overall performance and profitability of the street
vending business.
'2. Indicate your age category'

1. What is your gender? Sum of Years Involved in Street Vending.?

Female 44
Male 84
(blank) 2
Grand Total 130

Monthly Income
According to the survey, most of the participants stated that their monthly income from
street vending falls below K2000. This implies that street vending might not always be a
profitable source of income for the vendors.
 '2. Indicate your age category'

1. What is your gender? Monthly Income from Street Vending.?

Female 4001 and Above
Below K1000
K1001-K2000
K2001-K3000
Female Total
Male 4001 and Above
Below K1000
K1001-K2000
K2001-K3000
K3001-K4000
Male Total
(blank) K1001-K2000
(blank) Total
Grand Total

Hours Spent on Street Vending per Day

According to the survey results, most of the respondents reported spending a significant
amount of time on their street vending activities each day. On average, the respondents
reported spending between 7 to 10 hours per day on their street vending activities. This
suggests that street vending is a time-intensive occupation that requires a considerable
amount of effort and dedication from those who pursue it (Recchi, 2021) .
1. What is your gender? Sum of Hours Spent on Street Vending per Day
Female 94
Male 125
(blank) 8
Grand Total 227

Regulatory Environment
Changes in Income Due to Regulatory Changes or Evictions
According to the data collected from the survey, a significant percentage of participants
have reported a decline in their earnings due to regulatory modifications or removals from
their vending locations. This suggests that street vendors are highly susceptible to
external circumstances that can negatively impact their livelihoods. Such factors may
include changes in government policies, eviction from their vending sites, or other
unforeseeable circumstances that may arise. These findings emphasize the need for
greater protection and support for street vendors to ensure their economic stability and
welfare.
1. What is your gender? Changes in Income Due to Regulatory Changes or Evictions
Female Decreased
Increase
No change
Female Total
Male Decreased
Increase
No change
Male Total
(blank) Increase
(blank) Total
Grand Total

Permits/Licenses
Based on the survey results, it has been found that a considerable number of street
vendors have not obtained the necessary permits or licenses for vending on the streets.
This could be an indication of certain obstacles or challenges that these vendors might be
facing in terms of complying with the regulations or accessing formalized vending spaces.
On the other hand, many respondents have successfully acquired the required permits
and licenses, which implies that there are also vendors who have been able to overcome
these barriers and operate within the legal framework.

Clarity and Fairness of Regulatory Framework

According to the feedback gathered from the respondents, it appears that there is a lack of
consensus on the clarity and fairness of the regulatory framework governing street
vending. While some respondents believe that the guidelines are clear and equitable,
others perceive them to be ambiguous and biased towards certain vendors or locations.
Overall, the feedback suggests that there is a need for further examination and
improvement of the regulatory framework in order to ensure that it is fair and transparent
for all stakeholders involved in street vending.

Challenges and Experiences

Main Challenges
In a recent survey, respondents highlighted various challenges that they face daily. One of
the most significant challenges cited was the social stigma attached to their profession.
The respondents felt that they were often looked down upon by society and were not given
the respect they deserved. Another major challenge that came up during the survey was
the lack of proper shelter. Many respondents reported that they struggled to find a safe
and secure place to sleep at night, which made their lives difficult. Additionally,
respondents reported facing harassment from law enforcement officials and other
members of society. This harassment ranged from verbal abuse to physical violence, and
it made them feel vulnerable and scared. Finally, respondents highlighted the lack of
permanent trading spaces as a significant challenge. They felt that they were often forced
to operate in informal and unsafe locations, which made it challenging to conduct their
business and earn a living.

Experience of Social Stigma or Discrimination

According to a recent survey, a significant number of respondents who work as street
vendors reported that they have experienced various forms of social stigma and
discrimination. This includes biased attitudes and negative perceptions towards their
occupation, which can result in a lack of respect and even harassment from members of
society. The findings of this survey shed light on the deep-seated biases and prejudices
that still exist towards certain professions and highlight the need for greater awareness
and understanding of the challenges faced by street vendors.

Instances of Harassment or Violence

According to a recent survey, a considerable percentage of individuals involved in street
vending have experienced incidents of harassment or violence while carrying out their
trade. These findings suggest that safety concerns and potential risks are prevalent in the
street vending industry, which may pose a threat to the health and well-being of these
vendors (Recchi, 2021) .

Community Engagement and Support

Membership in Street Vendor Associations/Networks
The survey results indicate that a significant number of the respondents belong to street
vendor associations or networks. This finding suggests that street vendors are not only
individuals who operate independently but also members of a larger community. The
existence of these associations or networks implies that vendors have come together to
form a collective action to address common issues and concerns
(Romero-Michel et al., 2021)
. It is likely that these groups provide a platform for vendors to share information,
and resources, and support each other. Overall, this data highlights the importance of
community building and collaboration among street vendors.

Interaction with Other Street Vendors

Based on the survey responses, it was found that most of the participants interact and
communicate with other street vendors who operate in the same locality as them. This
observation indicates the presence of potential opportunities for solidarity and mutual
support among the street vendors in the area. It highlights the possibility of fostering a
sense of community where vendors can collaborate and help each other out, which could
prove to be beneficial for both individual vendors and the local economy
(Romero-Michel et al., 2021)
.

Desired Improvements and Suggestions for Support

According to the feedback received from respondents, there is a pressing need for
improvements in the regulatory framework governing their industry. Specifically, they
have highlighted the importance of better shelter provisions for vendors, increased
security at vending sites, and affordable permits that do not put undue financial burden
on small-scale entrepreneurs.

To address the challenges faced by vendors, respondents have also suggested several
initiatives that could be undertaken by relevant authorities. These include creating more
dumping sites to ensure proper disposal of waste generated by vending activities,
providing financial support in the form of subsidies or grants, and facilitating access to
loans for vendors who wish to expand their businesses.

Overall, the feedback received from respondents underscores the need for a more
supportive and enabling regulatory environment that recognizes the important role played
by vendors in the economy. It is hoped that the relevant authorities will take note of these
suggestions and take concrete steps to address the concerns of vendors in a timely and
effective manner (Nandru et al., 2021) .
Conclusion
The data collected from various sources highlights the diverse experiences and challenges
faced by street vendors. These challenges are not limited to a single dimension but span
across economic, regulatory, and social spheres. For instance, street vendors often
struggle with obtaining permits and licenses required to sell their merchandise, leading to
a lack of clarity and fairness in the regulations governing their trade. Moreover, street
vending is often associated with safety concerns, such as inadequate lighting, insufficient
police presence, and lack of emergency services.

Addressing these concerns is crucial as street vending is an important source of livelihood

for many people. Policymakers and authorities must take steps to improve regulations
and enhance safety measures to create a conducive environment for street vendors to
operate. Additionally, providing support in terms of infrastructure and financial
assistance can help to address the challenges faced by street vendors.
 Collaborative efforts involving street vendor associations, local authorities, and
community stakeholders are essential in creating an enabling environment that promotes
the rights and livelihoods of street vendors while addressing societal biases and
challenges. Such efforts must be based on a shared understanding of the issues and a
commitment to finding viable solutions. By working together, we can create a more
equitable and just society that recognizes the contributions of street vendors and provides
them with the support and opportunities they deserve.

References
Bernal-Torres, C. A., Peralta-Gómez, M. C., & Thoene, U. (2020). Street vendors in Bogotá, Colombia, and their
meanings of informal work. Cogent Psychology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2020.1726095
Nandru, P., Chendragiri, M., & Velayutham, A. (2021). Examining the influence of financial inclusion on financial
well-being of marginalized street vendors: an empirical evidence from India. International Journal of Social
Economics, 48(8), 1139–1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-10-2020-0711
Peimani, N., & Kamalipour, H. (2022). Informal Street Vending: A Systematic Review. In Land (Vol. 11, Issue 6).
MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11060829
Recchi, S. (2021). Informal street vending: a comparative literature review. In International Journal of Sociology
and Social Policy (Vol. 41, Issues 7–8, pp. 805–825). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-07-
2020-0285
Romero-Michel, J. C., Mokay-Ramírez, K. A., Delgado-Machuca, M., Delgado-Enciso, J., Aurelien-Cabezas, N.
S., Tiburcio-Jimenez, D., Meza-Robles, C., Delgado-Enciso, O. G., Guzman-Esquivel, J., Zaizar-Fregoso, S.
A., Martinez-Fierro, M. L., Rodriguez-Sanchez, I. P., Melnikov, V., Barajas-Saucedo, C. E., Lara-Esqueda, A.,
& Delgado-Enciso, I. (2021). Health and economic measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic- Effect
on street vendors. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 15(2), 198–203.
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.13465