Chapter 3, Unit 2, Biostatistics and Research Methodology, B Pharmacy 8th Sem, Carewell Pharma

Page 1 of 17
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|Chapter.? PARAMETC TST
- test
a
Sqllabus ( Sampla) pooled /unpoird and paied )
rm
ANOVA (oa way aud tuo way), leat siquificanca
diffeunca.
Hypothuiu testing
ha
Staistical tots conducled to test) thu
(null hypothau nd to find th ifrenc) about
the population.
- or
lP
that, Samples sclectecd ond Various tes) ae
perfomud thum to find null
that hypoths
s ejected, and tnd th infeenu
about th Population..
l
Tests
we
Paramtric
uts Non- posoamtic
- teutr
thue tess Qe
re
USd to
tst t null hypothuss whun
CUe als0 Vsed to
population is normall disbibutd. tut th null hypoths
but whn populahion it
nt
Ca
nornally dstvi btcd.

|t- tett chi squat te
f- teatg U-tut
FANOVA H-test
www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

Visit & Download free Notes
Page 2 of 17
STUDENT -
J. TES
Tt
a
typt of pasartric tests
which -to
tet) t null hypothis (Ho)
rm
Smaller Sample which les4 than (30
- It is dis covered by Sir Willivm Gossdt
shose pen
nam Was Stvdnt. Henca thi tut nam studunt
test.
ha
4
known
Also t-tet sfudent t-test, 'students' t-disbibi
Conditions for
t- test
lP
th Sample siz should ba less than(30. (n< 30)
Somple hovld b Yandom and dawn from t
normal populahion.
l
populahion't shandard deviahion it ynknown

we
Whn th difeencA b/u man df two populaions

is to testcd, it ha to asymd that h
is no difennco io theY Voiancus.

re
for ts hae to find daqee of freedom i.e.

les thn thu total no. of obsevation in a
Aonpls.
Ca
= n- L|
df whure, df
=
duqree of freedom
no. of obsevahion in
Sanpl.

Page 3 of 17
Gensal formul
Ho4=
a
S-E of man
rm
) wh =
of
Man of Sanpl
hypothahial man f
population.
of sampl.
.
ha
Std. dejation
n-1
lP
Properties 1
- Similar to normal disti bution, a

bl Ahaped freqwny
CUrne
an of t- disbibution is
l
P.
Continuous
we
dsbibuhion
A
the valu t tangu from

t- dispibution is summric about t mian..
re
-Normal distibstion
t- distribution (at df12)

Ca
t- disbibuhin ((df-3)

Page 4 of 17
Genval procadure
t involves
a
Sep tirsHy
st up
rm
th (mull hypotui)
skp 2 3 Thon find out the
sfondard duviation from
the fomula:
S Ea-7)
ha
n-L
step3: Degee of freedom n-L st ond th
level of siqificaico. (mosty (s.) o.05)

lP
step! : find the Value of t) by ptting the
Value of S.D. othirs
l
we
s
Stp T alculated valu of t is less than tablo valu
of t thun null hypothusis is acapted.
Ital< ttab Acoptd..

re
teal>tus
Ca
-
{ Lewel of Confidune

Page 5 of 17
Typu of T- tat
- test
)Sanple t
a
n) Pooled (Unpoired
t- test
rm
u) Paid t- tes
i) Samplu 1-te
normal in which S-D: is
ha
(UnRnoumaud
wants to dajemina thu mlan of
is drawn from from
a Sompl hich
th populoion.
lP
sampla of
(29)tn hay mon ( 42) unk and
Units.
l
Test hypothis that t Îs a
random from
we
Aampla
normal disibieA populaon
with Units
Given (tnCoos J: 2.043 (test at avel of qficanu)
Given, (n: 20 =
42.
re
n
df
whe sanpla
(19
Ca
man
hypothetical aluS
n: sample
-? -3 685)
5/sz s/4472 |-18

Page 6 of 17
(eg The haiqut of lo) mals of given
local
found to be to, 67,62, GB, 6I, 63,o,64,
a
64 66 1ncs Rasonabe to beliere that
rm
aveAaga 64 inch ?
Teut al- (S7. Sjnticane lesel fa 9
duqu of þado.
(Given toss |·83 fon 9 d-f.]
1 ) Null hypothsis
ha
the avenag hiqt of l0 mas i 64 inchA
H: 4= (4
lP
) to find Std. dajation
d- (a-a)
3-S l2-25
l
0.25
we
62 -4-S 66S
69 lo
-S-s 66.S inchs
re
3.5
(9 n-1
(4 -.5
-0.5/
Ca
l0-1
92.5
9
In) Now, d-f - m-L
9)

Page 7 of 17
level of
of siqfican u =
v)
ttut
a
rm
S/
66-S- 64 66.
3.20/1o
3.20/3-16
ha
lP
v) Decision
He,
l
So,
tta. So null
we
hypothuu ii ejeccd
Thu ondom Aaple

kampla of Doys
lo had th followjug
(TQ'S
re
to,120 , llo, lo,88, 83,4S,4, 107 Ond Can th

dat Cupport, th AUmption of a populahon man
of (100
Ca
find eT, reas onable
of mian Ia. alu Sampl of 1o

boys exiKks -
Do
yourslf.. (woteh vidio for solution)
Studont t tut
CorR Phama

Page 8 of 17
Pooled
) t- teat /Unpaied tteut
In
thi, we
a
Compak th
Indapendent arta Sormples. So,
rm
The Unpolred
-test is stotistiat ttchnique that
Compas Man Of tuo indapudunt on qvoupa
nrelatd
to find
whthr te s
siqficat vaian blw
tha tuo. AIso known Indapondet t-test].
ha
for ti
t n,n
lP
wh
fist
Mian cF sampa,t
mian of secard sample
l
mo.
of obsurvotion of frst 4 ad sample
we
sD.
(S:) ombinad S-D.
diqee of
pedom
re
nittn-2
SD. qiven tn,
Ca
(n,-1)s + (n,-)s
n,+2.

Page 9 of 17
Tuo indupendnt samp
IcAprctively has
of8 and7tims
a
ho -follouijng valuas
rm
|2.
Sanpls IL
13 8
Is
the differenu
b t. maan of Sample siquttot
Assum
ha
Null HypothL(Ho)
dif. b two
Samplu..
Std. dvietion,
lP
- X,
X
n=8
l
)
-l
we
(3
l3 +3 96
-1
- 1
9 3 9 -2
re
(2 lo
2
96 26
Ca
Z(1-,)+(%-)'
26 42
+|C
|3.23
13 197=
.797 (:8
8+7-2

Page 10 of 17
n,t92
a
|2-l0
2
rm
X
·||3.333 ||X 1.9320
t 2-146
ha
=
Noud, dqee of pudam (m,+n, -2)
= (13
8
+?-2
lP
so,
t valu of t at o.os 8) 4 (13) d.f. A 219)
Le.
l
we
(.2) Tn a mutohion
ba divg expuinut, qamma- iyadialion
eNolvajcd on 200 Seud ueigkt in qyama
.
pe a mung atan M2 generation
paut of vavieh in
re
Tu expriMnto obaind t fllonuing sult. Analyçe
t-tea avd qie yow infeunte

te dath ysing thu
gamng- vadiaton
eou tu esitect of
Ca
loo -Sed weigut (Gvam) pu plant
41
(ostrol2.q l3-2 9.s| 3.4 3-1
403.3-0
eatcd.930 353:1|3.3|3.0 3-|29|<-8

Page 11 of 17
)
In which, (ompau t Maan aud

and standand
a
duwiatian of to elated qroups- .
rm
S.E.
t= d
(a-a):
S:z
ha
whe, d= mMan of difeunce
n-L
simr test
wl qiven to 12 parti cipauts to
lP
veuty that wther in quantitire analycid
inprôved peforranca thir SCOR both bttore and afta thu
COUrS Mown -table
Gaudidor
L23 4s678 9
l
Before 44| 40| 61 324y to4172 72

we
fifte S3 |38 |69 39 7343 3| 46o 78.

Ssuppos the uelve) Candidau as hampla fom
popuation ad teut at (s%)
(s% level of siqnficane in ale
re
CoUrsa Wal (Useful ) in toma of prestntotion on the test
is tailed tut bicavss thy talking

Ca
about Ueul Muann inotou (improvemnt)

siqficnt Chong
m
at Siqufiauu wel and df -|

(2-l:

Page 12 of 17
. Nul kypoth inaptioeydent
a
S-NO
d-d (d-)
rm
$3
2 40 38
6|
46
ha
6 44
13
48
lP
73
lo 72 74
60
72
l
we
Do Yauself
Z(4-d)
re
d
wh,
S= S-D
n- no.o obevoti.
Ca
tt ?

Page 13 of 17
(ANOVA Avalysu ofVasiance
a
pasa mtic
Tt is
lso typs of
rm
teat whjch test th nul)
which
hypothu (Ho) fou those Bomplu data
haue than two VaNabls
ha
2tst lt-teat)
Single vauab. eg. l,23,4,8,10 et.
E-eutpai
inpand
lP
But t vauay a
USed ANoV)
mou tay 2
l
we
. sfotistial mthod widel

widely vud by t
Tt is
a
to Inveahgal lelationship beueen
Hesearchr
depandent ajabla and Various indapendet Vaiabus

re
by ekamin their vanjanca. (ri)

• ANOVA (analycis of Vajanca) is derlopud by
Ca
R.A. fischr, hen fNOVA also known as

fisch's ANOVA

Page 14 of 17
Variana (e)
sqvae
It is the of sfandard deviaton (o),
a
mian erron
Mman Squa erro. It is
a
rm
muase of of diffeaencu amng t MAan of th qroups.
(ropoaties t Alscumptis of ANOVA
Tt is research tool hbful in the study of anay ses
ha
of Vajanco
USed in eKami nation
of vajos compaaative
expelmi
lP
ANOVA reAuts an freo fróm Cny typ of constont
bal and saling eyrOs.
eKamjnu t Vaajana ofof more

thanto qroups
of samplu (Aad thu
l
poid in appliccion].
we
Normaly disbibuted sanp

Sompls draun indpunduiy Mo
asumd that
re
theu ii (no) siqnficant difeunu

blus Vanianw duft -2 samplus
V =
V, = V = Vy
Ca
Vaujau)
clsore cs l hypstu (Ho).
Calculatol valu of () shoud bu

Ls
han talbul ated valuu of fo Qcupt H)
Siquificana S7.a ).

Page 15 of 17
. Aplicahions of NOVA
Tt is widy usLd of busis,
a
in Qeas
industries, eCoNDis, pychology Sotiolop biology ek
rm
prefea wheh the multipu as of sample
- It is Used Study the mpoct of nudijn)

on qvoups
different
(qs of tu hman being.
ha
--The top manage mants
of orqanj sation may
eramjn the puformanu of their sals managcs
wonking different populotion
lP
ANOVA Can hp the eLOche to study whith
study
purdhaa intentions of qvoups of poples dife.
not.
l
.
Clasificaion of ANOVA / Techniqus-
we
Basd upm th no. of indpendunt vanialdlu or

foctors ANOVA is causihed to two typus
re
I) On way NOVA
) Tuo wway ANOVA

Ca
i) ON Way ANOVA
Whun
t dota or tnformaton is classifed
account of ony on) (ndependen
Vaiable fpcor.

Page 16 of 17
|no
4his, tha (va'iana ) 0CCUH is bicaus! of ony

Single Vajasle. OR]
a
Tn th, we Ajudy th inpoct of indapondut vaniastu
rm
On the othw depundet Vanioles.
(A Indipundant
dupendunt
ha
) Tayo Way ANOvA
Whn tu informaion or data is clauified
o
on
lP
(ndipndnt vanabl
factors,
tesearch wants to study th inpact

multipl indupendnt vaioablus on dnqle dipvdant
l
Vaniabs.
we
this, th VariencA cCurs due to two variabg

re
Saluyman
Seasons TotaJ
SuMmsr 29|29RRS(o8)
n
Monsoo 34|3534 19 (120)
Winter RSR8
Ca
Tötal 88898112(334)
Sals of Sarnplus

Page 17 of 17
{- test to Vawan 0f
Samplas.
a
rm
Varianca bstueen sampu
f- test =
Vavianu within
sanphs
ha
betueen
\2
-B-l(2)
lP
=
9-3
8
fishu's ),Least sanificaut diffeno (LsD) tests
l
we
heatmunts show Siqificaa effeet

thun wovld b interoted to tind out ich pair
(s) of theatmet duiter significanty
re
for this, iteod of Galeulating studantt tut fon
diff pa! of ttatmnt mLan, we

Calculate thu LsD
a qiven lurel of Siqnificaca

Ca
MSE) Man sqvanad rron

whe
n,
n-k Ho is sejected-.


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Chapter 3, Unit 2, Biostatistics and Research Methodology, B Pharmacy 8th Sem, Carewell Pharma

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Page 1 of 17

Carewell Pharma - A Family of Learning

nornally dstvi btcd.

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

populahion't shandard deviahion it ynknown

Whn th difeencA b/u man df two populaions

is no difennco io theY Voiancus.

for ts hae to find daqee of freedom i.e.

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

- Similar to normal disti bution, a

the valu t tangu from

t- distribution (at df12)

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

level of siqificaico. (mosty (s.) o.05)

of t thun null hypothusis is acapted.

Ital< ttab Acoptd..

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

Test hypothis that t Îs a

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

Thu ondom Aaple

to,120 , llo, lo,88, 83,4S,4, 107 Ond Can th

find eT, reas onable

of mian Ia. alu Sampl of 1o

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

·||3.333 ||X 1.9320

eNolvajcd on 200 Seud ueigkt in qyama

Tu expriMnto obaind t fllonuing sult. Analyçe

t-tea avd qie yow infeunte

loo -Sed weigut (Gvam) pu plant

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

In which, (ompau t Maan aud

Before 44| 40| 61 324y to4172 72

fifte S3 |38 |69 39 7343 3| 46o 78.

CoUrsa Wal (Useful ) in toma of prestntotion on the test

is tailed tut bicavss thy talking

about Ueul Muann inotou (improvemnt)

at Siqufiauu wel and df -|

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

haue than two VaNabls

. sfotistial mthod widel

depandent ajabla and Various indapendet Vaiabus

by ekamin their vanjanca. (ri)

R.A. fischr, hen fNOVA also known as

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

(ropoaties t Alscumptis of ANOVA

Tt is research tool hbful in the study of anay ses

eKamjnu t Vaajana ofof more

Normaly disbibuted sanp

theu ii (no) siqnficant difeunu

Calculatol valu of () shoud bu

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

Tt is widy usLd of busis,

industries, eCoNDis, pychology Sotiolop biology ek

- It is Used Study the mpoct of nudijn)

Basd upm th no. of indpendunt vanialdlu or

) Tuo wway ANOVA

www.carewellpharma.in (free notes)

4his, tha (va'iana ) 0CCUH is bicaus! of ony

tesearch wants to study th inpact

this, th VariencA cCurs due to two variabg