Ex1:

1. =?

2. =?

Result:
1.
Step 1: X+ = AB
Step 2:
1)
- A  C => AB ∪ C = ABC
- A  EG => ABC ∪ EG = ABCEG
- B  D => ABCEG ∪ D = ABCDEG
- G  E => ABCDEG
2) Stop
 Step 3: X+ = {A, B, C, D, E, G}

2.
Step 1: Y+ = CGD
Step 2:
1)
- G  E => CGD ∪ E = CGDE
2) Stop
Step 3: Y+ = {C, D, E, G}
Ex 2:

1. =?

2. =?

3. =?

Result:
1.
Step 1: B+ = B
Step 2:
1)
- B  A => B ∪ A = AB
2) Stop
Step 3: B+ = {A, B}
2.
Step 1: H+ = H
Step 2:
1) Stop
Step 3: H+ = {H}

3.
Step 1: BC+ = BC
Step 2:
1)
- B  A => BC ∪ A = ABC
- AC  D => ABC ∪ D = ABCD
2)
- DA  CE => ABCD ∪ CE = ABCDE
- D  H => ABCDE ∪ H = ABCDEH
3) Stop
Step 3: BC+ = {A, B, C, D, E, H}
Ex 3:

X = {BD} .

=?

Step 1: X+ = BD
Step 2:
1)
- D  EG => BD ∪ EG = BDEG
- BE  C => BDEG ∪ C = BCDEG
- BC  D => BCDEG
- CG  BD => BCDEG
- CE  AG => BCDEG ∪ AG = ABCDEG
2)
- AB  C => ABCDEG
- C  A => ABCDEG
- ACD  B => ABCDEG
3) Stop
Step 3: X+ = {A, B, C, D, E, G}
EX 4:

{AD}+ = ?

Step 1: AD+ = AD
Step 2:
1)
- A → B => AD ∪ B = ABD
- B → C => ABD ∪ C = ABCD
- BC → D => ABCD
- DA → B => ABCD
2) Stop
Step 3: AD+ = {A, B, C, D}
Ex 5:

X+ = ?

Step 1: X+ = BD
Step 2:
1)
- D → EG => BD ∪ EG = BDEG
2) Stop
Step 3: X+ = {B, D, E, G}
Ex 6:

Key : U = ?

Step 1: U = Q+ = ABCDEFG
Step 2:
1. (U \ A)+ => (BCDEFG)+ = ABCDEFG = Q+ => U =
BCDEFG
2. (U \ B)+ => (CDEFG)+ = ABCDEFG ¿Q+ => U = CDEFG
3. (U \ C)+ => (DEFG)+ = ABCDEFG = Q+ => U = DEFG
4. (U \ D)+ => (EFG)+ = EFG ≠ Q+ => U = DEFG
5. (U \ E)+ => (DFG)+ = ABCDEFG = Q+ => U = DFG
6. (U \ F)+ => (DG)+ = ABCDEG ≠ Q+ => U = DFG
7. (U \ G)+ => (DF)+ = ABCDEFG = Q+ => U = DF
Step 3: U = DF