Publication Sri Lanka Socio Economic Data Folder 2023 e

SRI LANKA
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA
2023
SRI LANKA
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA
2023
Sri Lanka Socio-Economic Data 2023 – Volume xLVI
Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Statistics Department
Tel. : 011-2477579
Fax : 011-2477728
E-mail : dst@cbsl.lk
Web site : www.cbsl.gov.lk
ISSN : 1391 - 3557

ISBN : 978-624-5917-33-4
September 2023
Published by Statistics Department, Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 30, Janadhipathi Mawatha, Colombo 01, Sri Lanka.
Contents
COUNTRY PROFILE – 2022 1 Quarterly Growth of GDP and GNI 45 EXTERNAL TRADE AND TOURISM
KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2–4 Provincial GDP – Shares and Growth 47 Exports 76
Provincial GDP by Economic Sectors 48 Imports 77
COUNTRY COMPARISONS AGRICULTURE Selected Exports 78
SAARC Countries Production and Prices of Major Crops 49 Selected Imports 79
Demographic and Social Indicators 6–7 Annual Production Volume – Subsidiary Food Crops 50
National Accounts Indicators 9 Tourism 80
Fish Production by Province 51
External Trade and Finance 11 National Livestock Statistics 52 EXTERNAL FINANCE
SAARC, ASEAN and G7 Countries Agricultural Land Use 53 Balance of Payments 81
Consumer Prices 12 Net Receipts of Foreign Assistance 82
Growth of Real GDP 13 INDUSTRY
Industrial Production 54 Exchange Rates (End of Period) 83
Exports 15
Energy 55 GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Imports 16
Electricity Services by Province 56 Government Fiscal Operations 85
Doing Business Ranking 17
Human Development Index 18 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Government Revenue and Expenditure 86
Public Health Services 57 Central Government Domestic Debt 88
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Education 58 Central Government Foreign Debt by Ownership 89
All Island 19–22 Water Consumption and Revenue by Province 59
By Province – 2019 23–27 Communications 60 MONEY, BANKING AND FINANCE
By Sector – 2016 and 2019 28–32 Telecommunication Services by Province 61 Monetary Developments 90
By Sector and Province 33–34 Postal Services by Province 63 Money Market Operations 92
Sri Lanka Prosperity Index 35–36 Transportation 64 Interest Rates 93
HUMAN RESOURCES Sri Lanka Transport Board Bus Services by Province 65 Bank Branch Network 95
Demography 37 Private Operator Bus Services by Province 66 Operations of Commercial Banks 96
Motor Vehicles by Province 67 Licensed Specialised Banks 97
Labour Force and Employment 39–40
Port Services 68
Labour Force and Unemployment 41 Selected Non-Bank Financial Institutions 98
Foreign Employment 42 PRICES AND WAGES Mobilisation of Deposits 99
Prices 69–70 Share Market Indicators 100
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) 71
Gross National Income 43
Prices of Selected Food Items 72–73
Expenditure on Gross National Income 44
Nominal Wage Rate Indices 74–75
Contents – Graphs
Macroeconomic Indicators 5
Social Indicators: SAARC Countries 8
Per Capita Income: SAARC Countries 10
Growth of Real GDP: SAARC Countries 14
Population and Population Growth 38
Gross Value Added at Basic Prices (Current Prices) 46
Telephone and Internet Penetration 62
Balance of Payments (% of GDP) 84
Fiscal Operations (% of GDP) 87
Growth of Money Supply 91
Selected Interest Rates 94
Country profile – 2022(a)
Population - Mid Year (’000 ) 2022 22,181 Mid-Year Population Growth Rate (2022), % : 0.1
Land Area (Excluding Inland Waters) sq. km 62,705 GDP at Market Prices(d)(e): Rs. bn 24,148 USD bn 77.1
Population and Land Area by Provinces – 2022 GDP Per Capita at Market Prices(d)(e): Rs. 1,088,667 USD 3,474
Province Population(b) Land Area Population Real GDP Growth Rate(a)(d), % -7.8
’000 (sq. km) Density(c) Sectoral Composition of GDP(d), %
Western 6,209 3,593 1,728 Agriculture 7.5
Central 2,812 5,575 504 Industry 27.5
Southern 2,702 5,383 502 Services 60.5
Northern 1,173 8,290 141 Taxes less subsidies on products 4.5
Eastern 1,788 9,361 191 Rs. bn % of GDP(d)
North Western 2,592 7,506 345 Export of goods and services 5,188 21.0(f)
North Central 1,406 9,741 144 Import of goods and services 6,045 25.0(f)
Uva 1,408 8,335 169 Overall Fiscal Balance -2,460.0 -10.2
Sabaragamuwa 2,091 4,921 425 Money Stock M2b 12,289.6 48.74(g)
Total 22,181 62,705 354
Composition of Population (2012 Census) Unemployment Rate (2022), % of Labour Force: 4.7
By Ethnicity % By Religion % Inflation (2022): Change of CCPI (2013=100) (Annual Avg.), %: 46.4
Sinhalese 74.9 Buddhist 70.1 Change of NCPI (2013=100) (Annual Avg.), %: 50.4
Sri Lankan Tamil 11.2 Hindu 12.6 Life Expectancy (2020): (Avg.) yrs. 77.1
Indian Tamil 4.1 Islam 9.7 Literacy Rate (Aged 10 Years and Above) (2021) %: 93.3
Sri Lankan Moor 9.3 Christian and Human Development Index (2021): 0.782 (Min.: 0.0; Max.: 1.0)
Other 0.5 Roman Catholic 7.6
Temperature (2022): °C (°F) Minimum Maximum
By Sector % (2012 Census) Other ...
Low Country 24.1 (75.9) 31.7 (89.1)
Urban 18.2 Rural 77.4 Estate 4.4
Hill Country 18.4 (65.1) 26.9 (80.4)
(a) Provisional (d) The data are based on the base year 2015 GDP estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics.
(b) Based on the Census of Population and Housing - 2012 (e) Based on quarterly GDP in USD terms calculated using quarterly average exchange rate from 2015 onwards
(c) Persons per sq.km. (f) Based on GDP estimates in USD
... - negligible (g) M2b (12 month average) as a % of GDP at current price.
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2
Key Economic Indicators
Indicator 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Mid-Year Population , ’000 (b)

21,670 (a)
21,803 (a)
21,919 (a)
22,156 (a)
22,181
Annual Population Growth, % 1.1(a) 0.6(a) 0.5(a) 1.1(a) 0.1
Density of Population, Persons per sq. km. 346(a) 348(a) 350(a) 353(a) 354
Labour Force Participation Rate, (% of Household Population) (c) 51.8 52.3 50.6 49.9 49.8
Unemployment Rate, (% of Labour Force)(c) 4.4 4.8 5.5 5.1 4.7
National Accounts(d)
GNI (Current Market Prices), Rs. bn 14,962 15,470 15,248(e) 17,205(a)(e) 23,526
Per Capita GNI (Current Market Prices), Rs. 690,463 709,516 695,674(e) 776,523(a)(e) 1,060,654
USD(f)(g) 4,263 3,968 3,754(e) 3,907(a)(e) 3,388
GDP (Market Prices), Rs. bn 15,352 15,911 15,672(e) 17,600(a)(e) 24,148
Real GDP Growth Rate, % 2.3 -0.2 -4.6(e) 3.5(a)(e) -7.8

Investment and Savings(d), % of GDP
Investment 38.1 34.1 33.0(e) 36.7(a)(e) 34.4
Domestic Savings 31.1 28.3 26.8(e) 29.4(a)(e) 30.8
National Savings 35.1 32.0 31.5 (e)
33.0 (a)(e)
33.1
Price Changes, %
National Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100) (Annual Avg.) 2.1 3.5 6.2 7.0 50.4
Colombo Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100) (Annual Avg.) 4.3 4.3 4.6 6.0 46.4
Wholesale Price Index (1974 = 100) (Annual Avg.) 3.4 3.4 5.4 5.4 63.1
Producer Price Index (2018 Q4 = 100) (Annual Avg.)(h) - - 5.8 10.9 74.0
Producer Price Index (2013 Q4 = 100) (Annual Avg.)(i) 6.3 2.9 5.7 - -
Implicit GNI Deflator(d) 4.4 3.9 3.2 (e) 8.5(a)(e) 48.8
(a) Provisional (g) These values may differ from DCS published values due to differences in the use of Sources: Registrar General’s Department
(b) Based on Census of Population and Housing - 2012 quarterly average exchange rates in comparison to annual average exchange rate Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Household Population aged 15 years and above for derivation of GNI in USD terms. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(d) The data are based on the base year 2015 GDP estimates of the Department of (h) The rebased PPI (2018 Q4 = 100) has replaced PPI (2013 Q4 = 100) from
Census and Statistics. November 2021
(e) Revised (i) Discontiued from November 2021
(f) Based on quarterly GDP in USD terms calculated using quarterly average exchange
rate from 2015 onwards
Indicator 2018 2019(a) 2020 2021 2022(b) 2018 2019(a) 2020 2021 2022(b)
Government Finance Rs. bn % of GDP (c)
Revenue and Grants 1,932.5 1,898.8 1,373.3 1,463.8 2,012.6 12.6 11.9 8.8 8.3 8.3
Expenditure and Net Lending 2,693.2 3,337.9 3,041.0 3,521.7 4,472.6 17.5 21.0 19.4 20.0 18.5
Recurrent Expenditure 2,089.7 2,424.6 2,548.4 2,747.5 3,519.6 13.6 15.2 16.3 15.6 14.6
Current Account [ Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) ] -169.7 -533.7 -1,180.4 -1,290.4 -1,540.4 -1.1 -3.4 -7.5 -7.3 -6.4
Overall Fiscal Balance -760.8 -1,439.1 -1,667.7 -2,057.9 -2,460.0 -5.0 -9.0 -10.6 -11.7 -10.2
Outstanding Central Government Debt(d) 12,030.5 13,031.5 15,117.2 17,614.2 27,492.0 78.4 81.9 96.5 100.1 113.8
Domestic Debt(e) 6,071.0 6,830.3 9,065.1 11,097.2 15,033.9 39.5 42.9 57.8 63.1 62.3
Foreign Debt(f)(g) 5,959.6 6,201.3 6,052.2 6,517.0 12,458.2 38.8 39.0 38.6 37.0 51.6
Debt Services 2,088.6 2,022.5 1,941.4 2,380.6 2,997.7 13.6 12.7 12.4 13.5 12.4
Interest Payment 852.2 901.4 980.3 1,048.4 1,565.2 5.6 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.5
External Sector Rs. bn USD bn
Exports 1,933.5 2,134.8 1,858.9 2,486.9 4,234.9 11.9 11.9 10.0 12.5 13.1
Imports 3,606.6 3,565.0 2,974.9 4,104.2 5,737.3 22.2 19.9 16.1 20.6 18.3
Current Account Balance -452.0 -330.1 -238.2(h) -656.3 -316.2 -2.8 -1.8 -1.2 -3.3 -1.5
% of GDP(c)(i) -3.0 -2.1 -1.4 -3.7 -1.9 -3.0 -2.1 -1.4 -3.7 -1.9
External Debt 9,578.0 9,955.6 9,141.7 10,377.9(h) 10,038.7 52.4 54.8 49.0 51.8(h) 49.7
% of GDP(c)(i) 55.3 61.6 58.0 58.5 64.5 55.3 61.6 58.0 58.5 64.5
(h)
Debt Service Ratio(j), % 21.3 21.8 22.6 22.3 12.2 21.3 21.8 22.6 22.3(h) 12.2
Total Foreign Assets 1,751.2 1,889.3 1,588.3 1,227.2 2,132.7 9.6 10.4 8.5 6.1 5.9
Exchange Rate (Average), Rs./USD 162.54 178.78 185.52 198.88 324.55 - - - - -
Rs./SDR 229.90 246.97 258.61 283.18 431.91 - - - - -
(a) According to the Ministry of Finance, the fiscal sector statistics of 2019 have been restated as announced in the Budget that was absorbed in to central government debt w.e.f. December 2022, which amounted to Rs.884,093.4 mn. Sources: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Speech for 2020. (f) Foriegn loan debt statistics and classification of foriegn debt for 2021 and 2022 are prepared based on the data sourced Ministry of Finance, Economic
(b) Provisional (c) Rebased GDP estimates (base year 2015) of the Department Census and Statistics have been used. form the Commonwealth Secretariat Debt Recording System (CS - DRMS) maintained by the Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation and National Policies
(d) The outstanding central government debt excludes several debt services payments that became overdue after 12th April Stabilisation and National Policies, and extracted 09th and 10th March 2023.
2022, the date of which the interim policy regarding the servicing of Sri Lanka’s external public debt was announced by (g) From December 2022 onwards, several outstanding project loans which were previously classified under Ceylon Electricity
the Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation and National Policies. These debt service payments comprise of overdue Board, Airport and Aviation Services Ltd. and Sri Lanka Ports Authority were absorbed in to central government debt.
interest payments of affected debt which deemed to be capitalised as per the interim policy, and several overdue interest (h) Revised (i) Based on GDP estimates in USD
payments in relation to SLDBs. (j) Debt service payments as a percentage of receipts from merchandise exports, income and private transfers
(e) Includes outstanding balance of the government guaranteed foreign currency debt of the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
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Indicator 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Monetary Aggregates
Reserve Money, Rs. bn 961.1 932.6 964.4 1,305.8 1,349.4
Narrow Money M1 , Rs. bn 830.8 865.5 1,177.2 1,459.9 1,453.6
Change of M1 , % 4.7 4.2 36.0 24.0 -0.4
Broad Money M2b , Rs. bn 7,128.3 7,624.1 9,405.7 10,647.3 12,289.6
Change of M2b , % 13.0 7.0 23.4 13.2 15.4
Money Multiplier for M2b 7.42 8.18 9.75 8.15 9.11
Interest Rates (Year End), %
Treasury Bill Primary Yield – 3 Months 10.01 7.51 4.69 8.16 32.64
Standing Deposit Facility Rate 8.00 7.00 4.50 5.00 14.50
Standing Lending Facility Rate 9.00 8.00 5.50 6.00 15.50
Treasury Bonds – Two Year - 9.79 5.65 9.16 33.01
Average Weighted Prime Lending Rate (Monthly) 11.94 10.00 5.74 8.33 28.19
Average Weighted Call Money Rate (End Year) 8.95 7.45 4.55 5.95 15.50
NSB Savings 4.00 4.00 3.50 3.50 3.00
Financial Institutions – Assets, Rs. bn
Central Bank 1,917.4 1,919.4 2,421.6 3,046.3 4,510.3
Commercial Bank (b) 9,045.7 9,741.1 11,725.4 13,327.4 15,884.3
Licensed Finance Companies 1,383.7 1,390.7 1,367.9 1,452.0 1,610.2
Unit Trusts (Net Assets) 64.2 104.7 200.9 193.8 149.8
Share Market
Market Capitalisation, Rs. bn (Year End) 2,839.5 2,851.3 2,960.7 5,489.2 3,847.2
All Share Price Index (Year End) 6,052.4 6,129.2 6,774.2 12,226.0 8,489.7
(a) Provisional Sources: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Includes only assets of the Domestic Banking Units (DBUs) of Commercial banks. Co-operative Development Department
Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka
Employees’ Trust Fund Board
Unit Trust Association of Sri Lanka
Macroeconomic Indicators
50.0
40.0 Macroeconomic Indicators

30.0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
20.0
Per cent
GDP Growth(b) 6.5 2.3 -0.2 -4.6 3.5 -7.8

10.0
Inflation (CCPI Annual Avg.) 6.6 4.3 4.3 4.6 6.0 46.4
0.0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Money Supply (M2b) Growth
-10.0 16.7 13.0 7.0 23.4 13.2 15.4
-20.0 Unemployment Rate(c) 4.2 4.4 4.8 5.5 5.1 4.7

GDP Growth Inflaon (CCPI Annual Avg.)
(a) Provisional Sources: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Based on the GDP estimates (base year 2015) Department of Census and
Money Supply (M2b) Growth Unemployment Rate Statistics
(c) Household population aged 15 years and above
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Demographic and Social Indicators: saarc Countries
Indicator Ref. Year Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Mid-Year Population, mn(a) 2010 20.7 24.5 148.6 0.7 1,186.0 0.4 26.3 173.5
2015 21.0 27.1 158.9 0.8 1,284.0 0.5 27.5 191.7
2020 21.9 31.4 168.5 0.7 1,357.0 0.6 28.9 220.4
2021 22.2 n.a. 171.7 0.8 1,370.0 0.6 29.2 224.8
Annual Population Growth, %(b) 2015 0.9 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.2 3.9 1.0 2.0
2020 0.5 2.2 1.4 0.9 1.1 4.4 1.0 2.0
2021 1.1 n.a. 1.4 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.9 2.0
Density of Population
[Persons per sq. km] 2021 353 n.a. 1,164 20 419 3,552 198 282

Population by Age Groups, %
0 – 14 Years 2021 23.4 41.2 26.3 24.6 25.8 19.8 28.1 34.6
15 – 64 Years 2021 64.9 56.1 68.4 69.1 67.4 76.4 66.0 61.0
65 Years and Above 2021 11.6 2.7 5.3 6.3 6.8 3.8 5.9 4.4
Urban Population, % 2021 18.9(c) n.a. 38.9(d) 43.0(d) 34.6 41.3 63.2(e) 36.8
Crude Birth Rate 2020 15.3 31.2 17.5 16.7 17.4 13.1 19.3 27.4
[per 1,000 Births]
Crude Death Rate 2020 6.9 6.2 5.5 6.3 7.3 2.7 6.3 6.8
[per 1,000 Deaths]
Total Fertility Rate
[Births per Woman] 2020 2.2 4.2 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.8 3.4
Maternal Mortality Rate
[per 100,000 Live Births] 2017 36 638 173 183 145 53 186 140
LIfe Expectancy at Birth, Years 2020 77.1 65.2 72.9 72.1 69.9 79.2 71.1 67.4
(a) Estimates of population size are as of 10 th June for Afghanistan and 1st October (c) Refers to the whole data series Source: Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2022, ADB
for India (d) Refers to data from World Urbanisation Prospects 2018 for Bangla-
(b) The annual population growth rate is calculated as the desh and Bhutan
percentage change in population when comparing the reference year with the (e) Refers to localities of 100,000 or more inhabitants
year prior. n.a. – not available
Note: These values may differ from the latest available official statistics published by the relevant countries.
Demographic and Social Indicators: SAARC Countries
Sri Afgha- Bangla-
Indicator Ref. Year Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Lanka nistan desh
Human Development Index (a)

2021 0.782 0.478 0.661 0.666 0.633 0.747 0.602 0.544
[Max.: 1.000 ; Min.: 0.000]
Literacy Rate, % : – Male 2019 93.0 52.1(b)
77.8(c)
75.0(d)
82.4 (e)(f)
97.3 (g)
78.6(e)(f) 69.3
[15 Years and Above] – Female 91.6 22.6(b) 72.0(c) 57.1(d) 65.8(e)(f) 98.1(g) 59.7(e)(f) 46.5
Labour Force Participation Rate, % – Male 2021 68.5 66.5 78.8 67.4 70.1 67.5 80.8 78.1
– Female 30.9 14.8 34.9 51.6 19.2 34.3 78.7 20.7
Unemployment Rate [15 Years and Above], % 2020 5.2 5.6(b) 4.4(d) 5.0 4.7 4.6(h)(i) 10.7(d) 11.1(b)
Employment [% of total employment] – Agriculture 2021 27.1(c) 44.5(c) 42.7(g) 49.2 53.2(j) 7.4(h)(k) 21.5(e) 37.5
– Industry 2021 26.9(c) 18.1(c) 20.5(g) 15.4 21.5(j) 18.0(h)(k) 30.8(e) 25.4
– Services 2021 46.0(c) 36.7(c) 36.9(g) 35.4 25.3(j) 74.6(h)(k) 47.7(e) 37.2
Proportion of Population Living below
USD 1.90 a day [2011 PPP] Poverty Line(l) 2020 0.9(g) n.a 14.3(g) 1.5 (d) n.a. 0.0(g)(m) n.a. 3.6(m)(e)
Physicians [per 1,000 People](n) 2019 1.23 0.25 0.67 0.50 0.74 2.05(h) 0.85 1.12(h)
Hospital Beds [per 1,000 People](o) 2017 4.2 0.4 0.8(g) 1.7 (p) 0.5(d) 4.3(q) 0.3(p) 0.6
Internet Subscriptions [per 100 People] 2020 35.0 n.a. 24.8 53.5 43.0 62.9 37.7 25.0
Telephones Subscribers (‘000) (Fixed Telephones) 2020 2,607.5 145.8 1,390.0 23.0 20,052.2 14.5 726.0 2,876.8
Telephones Subscribers (‘000) (Mobile Phones) 2020 29,730.5 22,678.0 176,279.5 745.1 1,153,709.8 717.7 38,213.0 175,624.4
(a) A composite index of life expectancy, education and income (b) 2021 (c) 2020 (m) Household income and expenditure surveys for these economies were conducted in overlapping Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific
(d) 2017 (e) 2018 (f) Refers to the estimates of the UNESCO Institute of Statistics years. The table adopts the approach of the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, i.e., 2022, ADB
(g) 2016 (h) 2019 (i) Estimates modelled by the International Labour Organisation using the initial year of the survey as the reference period for the poverty estimates. Human Development Report 2021/22,
(j) 2010 (k) Figures include local population only (n) Main source of data is the United Nations Statistics Division’s Global SDG Indicators database. UNDP
(l) Poverty estimates are consumption-based (o) Main source of data is the World Health Organisation Global Health Observatory.
(p) 2012 (q) 2009 n.a. – not available
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Social Indicators: SAARC Countries
Literacy Rate, % (2019)
Life Expectancy, Years (2020)

100
80
60
40
20
0
Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan

Literacy Rate, % (2019) 92.3 43.0(a) 74.7 66.6(b) 74.4(a) 97.7(c) 67.9(a) 58.0
Life Expectancy, Years (2020) 77.1 65.2 72.9 72.1 69.9 79.2 71.1 67.4
(a) 2018 (b) 2017 (c) 2016 Source: Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2022, ADB
National Accounts Indicators: saarc Countries(a)
Indicator Ref. Year Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), USD mn 2018 94,494 18,419 316,206 2,447 2,763,535 5,301 31,726 321,692
2019 89,015 18,904 349,474 2,536 2,850,718 5,608 34,268 291,919
2020 85,349 20,143 373,562 2,315 2,672,204 3,743 33,079 293,752
2021 88,361 n.a. 414,907 n.a. 3,201,471 n.a. 36,114 342,501
GDP Per Capita, USD 2018 4,361 612 1,921 3,332 2,081 10,353 1,119 1,519
2019 4,083 615 2,099 3,419 2,123 10,503 1,197 1,351
2020 3,894 642 2,221 3,092 1,969 6,714 1,144 1,333
2021 4,031 n.a. 2,466 n.a. 2,359 n.a. 1,249 1,554
GDP Per Capita at PPP, USD 2021 15,025 n.a. 6,538 n.a. 7,537 n.a. 4,362 6,039
Real GDP Growth, % 2020 -3.5 -2.4 3.5 -10.1 -6.6 -33.5 -2.1 -0.9
2021 3.3 n.a. 6.9 n.a. 8.7 37.0 4.0 5.7

Sectoral Composition of GDP, %
2021 9.3 n.a. 12.1 n.a. 18.6 n.a. 25.8 24.2
Agriculture
2021 31.8 n.a. 34.6 n.a. 28.7 n.a. 13.1 20.1
Industry
2021 58.9 n.a. 53.3 n.a. 52.7 n.a. 61.1 55.7
Services

Consumption, Investment and Savings, % of GDP
Private Consumption 2021 70.3 n.a. 68.8 n.a. 59.6 n.a. 88.0 82.4
Government Consumption 2021 9.6 n.a. 5.9 n.a. 11.1 n.a. 8.9 10.9
Gross Domestic Capital Formation 2021 27.7 n.a. 30.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 31.9 14.6
Gross Domestic Savings 2021 19.1 n.a. 25.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.7
Gross National Savings 2021 23.0 n.a. 30.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
(a) Estimates at current market prices Source: Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2022, ADB
n.a. – not available
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10
Per Capita Income: SAARC Countries(a)
8,000 2020 2021
6,000
USD
4,000
2,000
0
Sri Lanka Afganistan(b) Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives(b) Nepal Pakistan
(a) GDP estimates are at current market prices Source: Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2022, ADB
(b) Data not available for 2021
External Trade and Finance: SAARC Countries
Ref. Sri Afgha- Bangla-
Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Year Lanka nistan desh
Exports, USD mn 2021 12,425 n.a. 36,783 n.a. 425,632 285 1,195 25,191
Exports Per Capita(a), USD 2021 561 n.a. 214 n.a. 311 1,557 41 112
Imports, USD mn 2021 20,505 n.a. 60,483 n.a. 618,177 2,574 13,035 55,181
Imports Per Capita(a), USD 2021 925 n.a. 352 n.a. 451 5,027 447 245
Export/Import Ratio 2021 0.61 n.a. 0.61 n.a. 0.69 0.11 0.09 0.46
Balance of Trade(b), USD mn 2021 -8,080 n.a. -23,700 n.a. -192,545 -2,289 -11,840 -29,990
Current Account Balance, USD mn 2021 -3,343 -3,195 -4,575 -540 -38,691 -458 -2,844 -1,916
Total Reserves Minus Gold, USD mn 2021 n.a. n.a. 45,348 n.a. 594,356 806 9,194 19,028
External Debt, USD mn 2020 56,342 3,036 67,749 2,869 564,179 3,352 7,905 116,506
External Debt Service/Export Ratio, % 2020 39.3 2.7 9.9 7.1 15.0 15.9 12.1 32.4
Exchange Rate(c) 2021 200.16 n.a. 85.08 73.94 73.92 15.37 118.13 162.91
(a) Based on mid-year population Source: Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2022, ADB
(b) Exports less imports
(c) Units of domestic currency (annual average) per USD
11
12
Consumer Prices: Saarc, asean and G7 Countries Annual percent change
Region/Bloc Country 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
SAARC Afghanistan 5.0 0.6 2.3 5.6 n.a. n.a.

Bangladesh 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.2
Bhutan 4.3 3.7 2.8 3.0 8.2 5.9
India 3.6 3.4 4.8 6.2 5.5 6.7
Maldives 2.3 1.4 1.3 -1.6 0.2 2.6
Nepal 4.5 4.1 4.6 6.2 3.6 6.3
Pakistan 4.1 3.9 6.7 10.7 8.9 12.1
Sri Lanka 6.6 4.3 4.3 4.6 6.0 46.4
ASEAN Brunei Darussalam -1.3 1.0 -0.4 1.9 1.7 3.7
Cambodia 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.9 2.9 5.3
Indonesia 3.8 3.3 2.8 2.0 1.6 4.2
Lao PDR 0.8 2.0 3.3 5.1 3.8 23.0
Malaysia 3.8 1.0 0.7 -1.1 2.5 3.4
Myanmar 4.6 5.9 8.6 5.7 3.6 16.2
Philippines 2.9 5.3 2.4 2.4 3.9 5.8
Singapore 0.6 0.4 0.6 -0.2 2.3 6.1
Thailand 0.7 1.1 0.7 -0.8 1.2 6.1
Viet Nam 3.5 3.5 2.8 3.2 1.8 3.2
G7 (Group of 7) Canada 1.6 2.3 1.9 0.7 3.4 6.8
France 1.2 2.1 1.3 0.5 2.1 5.9
Germany 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.4 3.2 8.7
Italy 1.3 1.2 0.6 -0.1 1.9 8.7
Japan 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.2 2.5
United Kingdom 2.7 2.5 1.8 0.9 2.6 9.1
United States 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.3 4.7 8.0
n.a. - not available Source: World Economic Outlook, April 2023, IMF
Growth of Real GDP: Saarc, asean and G7 Countries Annual percent change
Region / Bloc Country 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
SAARC Afghanistan 2.6 1.2 3.9 -2.4 n.a. n.a.

Bangladesh 6.6 7.3 7.9 3.4 6.9 7.1
Bhutan 6.3 3.8 4.4 -2.3 -3.3 4.3
India 6.8 6.5 3.9 -5.8 9.1 6.8
Maldives 7.2 8.1 6.9 -33.4 41.7 12.3
Nepal 9.0 7.6 6.7 -2.4 4.2 5.8
Pakistan 4.6 6.1 3.1 -0.9 5.7 6.0
Sri Lanka 6.5 2.3 -0.2 -3.5 3.3 -8.7
ASEAN Brunei Darussalam 1.3 0.1 3.9 1.1 -1.6 -1.5
Cambodia 7.0 7.5 7.1 -3.1 3.0 5.0
Indonesia 5.1 5.2 5.0 -2.1 3.7 5.3
Lao PDR 6.9 6.3 4.7 -0.4 2.1 2.3
Malaysia 5.8 4.8 4.4 -5.5 3.1 8.7
Myanmar 5.8 6.4 6.8 3.2 -17.9 2.0
Philippines 6.9 6.3 6.1 -9.5 5.7 7.6
Singapore 4.5 3.6 1.3 -3.9 8.9 3.6
Thailand 4.2 4.2 2.1 -6.2 1.6 2.6
Viet Nam 6.9 7.5 7.4 2.9 2.6 8.0
G7 (Group of 7) Canada 3.0 2.8 1.9 -5.1 5.0 3.4
France 2.4 1.8 1.9 -7.9 6.8 2.6
Germany 2.7 1.0 1.1 -3.7 2.6 1.8
Italy 1.7 0.9 0.5 -9.0 7.0 3.7
Japan 1.7 0.6 -0.4 -4.3 2.1 1.1
United Kingdom 2.4 1.7 1.6 -11.0 7.6 4.0
United States 2.2 2.9 2.3 -2.8 5.9 2.1
n.a. - not available Source: World Economic Outlook, April 2023, IMF
13
14
Growth of Real GDP: SAARC Countries(a)
50
2021 2022
40
30
20
Per cent
10
-10
-20
Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
(a) Growth of real GDP data for 2021 and 2022 are not available for Afghanistan. Source: World Economic Outlook, April 2023, IMF
Exports: Saarc, asean and G7 Countries(a) USD mn
SAARC Afghanistan 723 875 864 777 1,037 n.a.

Bangladesh 35,953 39,252 39,337 33,605 44,223 54,695
Bhutan 573 606 674 651 784 n.a.
India 299,242 324,779 324,339 276,410 395,425 449,882
Maldives 318 339 361 286 285 400
Nepal 725 785 952 849 1,639 n.a.
Pakistan 21,477 23,344 23,268 21,951 n.a. n.a.
Sri Lanka 11,360 11,890 11,940 10,047 12,498 n.a.
ASEAN Brunei Darussalam 5,587 6,572 7,253 6,608 10,504 n.a.
Cambodia 11,212 12,616 14,723 18,273 19,165 22,406
Indonesia 168,810 180,123 167,682 163,306 231,507 n.a.
Lao PDR 4,873 5,408 5,806 6,115 7,695 n.a.
Malaysia 218,130 247,456 238,193 234,127 299,426 n.a.
Myanmar 13,878 16,704 18,118 16,937 n.a. n.a.
Philippines 68,713 69,307 70,927 65,215 74,653 78,837
Singapore 373,237 411,759 390,341 357,953 406,041 475,244
Thailand 236,635 252,955 246,269 231,635 272,005 n.a.
Viet Nam 215,013 243,699 264,268 282,630 335,928 371,373
G7 (Group of 7) Canada 420,666 452,312 448,790 390,596 507,542 n.a.
France 535,298 582,224 570,953 488,638 585,020 n.a.
Germany 1,448,191 1,560,538 1,489,411 1,382,534 1,636,741 n.a.
Italy 507,418 549,527 537,718 499,792 615,637 n.a.
Japan 698,329 738,144 705,563 641,319 756,032 746,921
United Kingdom 440,998 486,440 460,029 399,528 470,508 n.a.
United States 1,546,274 1,663,982 1,643,161 1,424,934 1,753,471 n.a.
(a) Values are stated in Free On Board (FOB) terms Source: International Financial Statistics (IFS), IMF
n.a. – not available (Updated 26/06/2023)
15
16
Imports: Saarc, asean and G7 Countries(a) USD mn
SAARC Afghanistan 7,065 7,407 6,777 6,538 5,574 n.a.

Bangladesh 52,836 60,495 59,094 52,804 80,448 88,002
Bhutan 1,029 1,048 981 899 1,020 n.a.
India 449,925 514,464 486,059 373,202 573,092 723,513
Maldives 2,360 2,961 2,888 1,838 2,573 3,516
Nepal 10,148 12,840 12,369 9,685 15,674 n.a.
Pakistan 57,211 59,865 49,931 45,753 n.a. n.a.
Sri Lanka 20,980 22,233 19,937 16,056 20,638 n.a.
ASEAN Brunei Darussalam 3,088 4,158 5,101 5,340 7,228 n.a.
Cambodia 14,206 17,244 20,133 18,883 28,490 29,820
Indonesia 156,925 188,708 171,274 141,620 196,190 n.a.
Lao PDR 5,667 6,315 6,272 5,370 6,275 n.a.
Malaysia 195,416 217,603 204,998 189,855 238,239 n.a.
Myanmar 19,253 19,355 18,611 17,965 n.a. n.a.
Philippines 101,901 119,329 117,374 95,161 123,486 145,060
Singapore 327,689 370,504 358,984 345,297 456,805 514,874
Thailand 221,520 248,202 236,260 206,156 266,882 n.a.
Viet Nam 212,920 236,862 253,392 262,701 331,583 359,279
G7 (Group of 7) Canada 443,651 469,105 462,672 420,095 503,686 n.a.
France 619,335 676,444 654,658 581,297 714,083 n.a.
Germany 1,162,907 1,284,351 1,233,978 1,171,782 1,421,512 n.a.
Italy 453,123 503,240 475,006 426,867 567,421 n.a.
Japan 672,095 748,486 720,955 635,460 768,975 897,241
United Kingdom 640,995 672,450 696,208 638,251 694,635 n.a.
United States 2,408,475 2,614,223 2,567,445 2,406,934 2,936,189 n.a.
(a) Values are stated in Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF) terms Source: International Financial Statistics (IFS), IMF
n.a. – not available (Updated 26/06/2023)
Doing Business Ranking – 2020: Saarc, asean and G7 Countries(a)
Dealing
Starting Protecting Trading
Overall with cons- Getting Registering Getting Paying Enforcing Resolving
Region / Bloc Country a minority across
Rank truction electricity property credit taxes contracts insolvency
business investors borders
permits
SAARC Afghanistan 173 52 183 173 186 104 140 178 177 181 76
Bangladesh 168 131 135 176 184 119 72 151 176 189 154
Bhutan 89 103 91 78 53 94 111 15 30 29 168
India 63 136 27 22 154 25 13 115 68 163 52
Maldives 147 74 63 149 176 144 147 119 157 124 141
Nepal 94 135 107 135 97 37 79 175 60 151 87
Pakistan 108 72 112 123 151 119 28 161 111 156 58
Sri Lanka 99 85 66 89 138 132 28 142 96 164 94
ASEAN Brunei Darussalam 66 16 54 31 144 1 128 90 149 66 59
Cambodia 144 187 178 146 129 25 128 138 118 182 82
Indonesia 73 140 110 33 106 48 37 81 116 139 38
Lao PDR 154 181 99 144 88 80 179 157 78 161 168
Malaysia 12 126 2 4 33 37 2 80 49 35 40
Myanmar 165 70 46 148 125 181 176 129 168 187 164
Philippines 95 171 85 32 120 132 72 95 113 152 65
Singapore 2 4 5 19 21 37 3 7 47 1 27
Thailand 21 47 34 6 67 48 3 68 62 37 24
Viet Nam 70 115 25 27 64 25 97 109 104 68 122
G7 (Group of 7) Canada 23 3 64 124 36 15 7 19 51 100 13
France 32 37 52 17 99 104 45 61 1 16 26
Germany 22 125 30 5 76 48 61 46 42 13 4
Italy 58 98 97 38 26 119 51 128 1 122 21
Japan 29 106 18 14 43 94 57 51 57 50 3
United Kingdom 8 18 23 8 41 37 7 27 33 34 14
United States 6 55 24 64 39 4 36 25 39 17 2
(a) In September 2021, World Bank Group management has decided to discontinue the Doing Business report. Source: Doing Business Ranking – 2020, World Bank
17
18
Human Development Index (HDI) and Sub Indices of HDI – 2021: Saarc, asean and G7 Countries
Gross National
Human Life Mean Expected Human Change
Income (GNI)
Development HDI Expectancy Years of Years of Development in
Region / Bloc Country per Capita
Index (HDI) Rank at Birth Schooling Schooling Index Rank
(2017 PPP USD)
2021 2021 2021 2021 2020 2015–2021(a)
2021
SAARC Afghanistan 0.478 180 62.0 1,824 3.0 10.3 0.483 -5
Bangladesh 0.661 129 72.4 5,472 7.4 12.4 0.655 11
Bhutan 0.666 127 71.8 9,438 5.2 13.2 0.668 6
India 0.633 132 67.2 6,590 6.7 11.9 0.642 -1
Maldives 0.747 90 79.9 15,448 7.3 12.6 0.734 6
Nepal 0.602 143 68.4 3,877 5.1 12.9 0.604 4
Pakistan 0.544 161 66.1 4,624 4.5 8.7 0.543 -2
Sri Lanka 0.782 73 76.4 12,578 10.8 14.1 0.780 9
ASEAN Brunei Darussalam 0.829 51 74.6 64,490 9.2 14.0 0.830 -3
Cambodia 0.593 146 69.6 4,079 5.1 11.5 0.596 3
Indonesia 0.705 114 67.6 11,466 8.6 13.7 0.709 3
Lao PDR 0.607 140 68.1 7,700 5.4 10.1 0.608 1
Malaysia 0.803 62 74.9 26,658 10.6 13.3 0.806 1
Myanmar 0.585 149 65.7 3,851 6.4 10.9 0.600 1
Philippines 0.699 116 69.3 8,920 9.0 13.1 0.710 0
Singapore 0.939 12 82.8 90,919 11.9 16.5 0.939 -1
Thailand 0.800 66 78.7 17,030 8.7 15.9 0.802 6
Viet Nam 0.703 115 73.6 7,867 8.4 13.0 0.710 5
G7 (Group of 7) Canada 0.936 15 82.7 46,808 13.8 16.4 0.931 -2
France 0.903 28 82.5 45,937 11.6 15.8 0.898 -3
Germany 0.942 9 80.6 54,534 14.1 17.0 0.944 -5
Italy 0.895 30 82.9 42,840 10.7 16.2 0.889 -1
Japan 0.925 19 84.8 42,274 13.4 15.2 0.923 0
United Kingdom 0.929 18 80.7 45,225 13.4 17.3 0.924 -3
United States 0.921 21 77.2 64,765 13.7 16.3 0.920 -3
(a) A positive value indicates an improvement in rank. Source: Human Development Indices and Indicators 2021, UNDP
Socio-Economic Conditions: Income Distribution
Item 1953 1963 1973 1978/79 1981/82 1986/87(a) 1996/97(a) 2003/04(b)
Mean Income per Month, Rs.

Per Spending Unit 169 193 311 921 1,652 2,728 8,744 15,400
Per Income Receiver 108 134 228 606 1,108 1,817 5,760 10,754
Income Shares by Deciles of Income Receiver, %

1st Decile 1.51 1.17 1.80 1.19 1.17 1.09 1.27 1.07
2nd Decile 3.56 2.70 3.17 2.57 2.45 2.45 2.77 2.52
3rd Decile 3.56 3.56 4.38 3.57 3.41 3.40 3.86 4.10
4th Decile 4.37 4.57 5.70 4.80 4.53 4.39 4.93 4.20
5th Decile 5.71 5.55 7.10 5.93 5.53 5.69 6.10 5.76
6th Decile 6.31 6.82 8.75 7.37 6.86 6.79 7.44 7.30
7th Decile 7.94 8.98 10.56 9.10 8.54 8.37 9.12 8.70
8th Decile 10.39 11.46 12.65 11.36 10.68 11.08 11.55 11.20
9th Decile 14.16 16.01 15.91 15.36 14.87 15.37 15.68 15.47
10th Decile 42.49 39.24 29.98 38.73 41.93 41.37 37.28 39.70
Gini Coefficient (One Month Income)
Spending Units 0.46 0.45 0.35 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.43 0.46
Income Receivers 0.50 0.49 0.41 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.48 0.50
(a) Excluding Northern and Eastern Provinces Source: Consumer Finances and Socio-Economic Survey Series
(b) Excluding Kilinochchi, Mannar and Mullaitivu Districts of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka
19
20
Socio-Economic Conditions: Consumer Expenditure
(a) (a) (b)
Item 1953 1963 1973 1978/79 1981/82 1986/87 1996/97 2003/04
Total Consumer Expenditure per Month, Rs.

Per Spending Unit 162 191 310 877 1,570 2,175 8,592 15,471
Per Person 34 36 58 179 318 534 2,012 3,936
Consumer Expenditure Shares, %
Food 59.9 56.3 55.4 56.7 56.5 52.2 48.4 37.9
Rice 10.5 10.9 15.0 14.9 15.7 12.5 9.9 6.9
Wheat Flour 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.2 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.5
Bread 1.5 3.7 3.2 3.6 3.5 2.9 2.3 1.3
Meat 0.8 3.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.5
Condiments 2.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.3 3.3
Coconuts 4.1 6.0 4.6 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 2.5
Milk 3.3 2.9 8.4 5.2 4.5 4.5 3.3 2.7
Sugar 2.2 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.2 2.2 1.2
Clothing and Apparel 7.9 9.6 7.6 10.6 7.7 7.6 6.3 8.3
Housing 3.6 7.3 6.8 5.8 5.9 7.8 10.8 10.7
Medical 1.3 2.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.4 3.4
Education 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.3 3.0
Transport and Communication 2.6 2.3 3.4 4.5 3.9 4.9 5.3 8.8
Fuel and Light 2.0 4.4 4.2 3.9 5.2 4.6 3.9 4.4
Consumer Durables 3.2 0.4 6.0 4.6 6.4 5.2 6.7 8.9
Interest on Debt 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.9 2.1 1.5
Other 16.8 14.3 12.7 10.2 10.7 12.5 11.8 13.1
(a) Excluding Northern and Eastern Provinces Source: Consumer Finances and Socio-Economic Survey Series
(b) Excluding Kilinochchi, Mannar and Mullaitivu Districts of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Socio-Economic Conditions: National Level Findings of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)
by Survey Period
HIES Survey Period
Item Unit
1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016 2019
Household size No. 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7
Mean household income per month Rs. 2,012 3,549 6,476 12,803 20,048 26,286 36,451 45,878 62,237 76,414
Median household income per month Rs. 1,322 2,547 3,793 8,482 13,617 16,735 23,746 30,814 43,511 53,333
Mean per capita income per month Rs. 395 724 1,439 3,056 4,896 6,463 9,104 11,819 16,377 20,527
Income receivers mean income per month Rs. 941 1,819 3,367 6,959 10,563 14,457 20,427 25,963 33,894 42,308
No. of income receivers per household No. 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Mean household expenditure per month Rs. 2,079 3,905 6,525 13,147 19,151 22,952 31,331 41,444 54,999 63,130
Expenditure on food and drink Rs. 1,198 2,377 3,552 5,848 7,593 8,641 13,267 15,651 19,114 22,130
Expenditure on non-food items
(excluding liquor, narcotic drugs and tobacco) Rs. 802 1,384 2,753 6,993 11,079 13,819 17,399 25,088 34,829 40,040
Expenditure on liquor, narcotic drugs and tobacco Rs. 79 144 219 306 479 492 665 705 1,056 960
Gini coefficient of household income 0.46 0.43 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.48 0.45 0.46
Gini coefficient of household expenditure – – 0.36 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.37 0.40 0.41 0.40
Gini coefficient of income receivers income – 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.52
Food Ratio (as a percentage) % 57.6 60.9 54.4 44.5 39.6 37.6 42.3 37.8 34.8 35.1
Poverty Head Count Ratio (2002 based) % – 26.1 28.8 22.7 – 15.2 8.9 6.7 4.1 3.2
Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series,

Department of Census and Statistics
21
22
Socio-Economic Conditions: Average Monthly Household Expenditure on Selected Food/Non-Food Items
by HIES Survey Period
HIES Survey Period
Expenditure Group
1985/86(a) 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016 2019
Average Monthly Expenditure (% share)
Food Expenditure
Rice 25.3 25.7(a) 21.2 18.0 13.8 13.9 17.3 13.6 12.8 12.8
Wheat Flour 2.6 1.5(a) 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.8
Bread 5.3 4.5(a) 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.2
Condiments 9.8 10.6(a) 9.9 9.1 9.0 9.3 9.1 9.0 9.8 11.7
Pulses 3.6 4.8(a) 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.1
Vegetables 9.9 9.9(a) 8.3 7.9 8.1 8.4 7.6 8.2 8.0 8.2
Coconuts 5.9 5.5(a) 6.9 7.3 5.6 5.5 5.6 6.1 5.7 5.4
Meat 2.6 3.4(a) 4.4 3.2 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.8 5.1
Fish 5.9 5.8(a) 6.6 6.3 8.5 8.6 8.8 9.1 9.5 9.4
Dried Fish 4.0 4.2(a) 4.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.0
Milk & Milk Products 4.3 5.1(a) 7.1 8.4 9.9 8.7 7.8 8.9 8.2 7.3
Eggs 0.9 1.1(a) 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3
Fruits 1.2 1.3(a) 1.7 3.6 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.0
Sugar 6.3 6.5(a) 5.2 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.9
Other Food & Drinks 12.5 10.1(a) 13.8 19.6 20.3 21.2 20.1 21.8 23.6 23.8
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-Food Expenditure
Housing 16.8 22.3 27.8 22.8 17.8 18.4 19.1 18.1 19.2 21.3
Fuel and Light 11.8 11.8 9.9 7.6 7.0 7.3 7.1 6.8 4.9 5.1
Clothing, Textile and Footwear 10.8 10.4 9.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.1
Personal Care and Health 9.1 9.7 10.4 8.0 9.6 6.9 7.9 8.5 7.0 6.5
Transport and Communication 11.9 12.6 12.9 12.7 15.0 16.8 17.0 16.7 15.5 14.2
Education 3.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.9
Cultural and Entertainment – 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.3
Non-Durable Household Goods – 3.9 2.9 1.9 2.7 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.1
Consumer Durables 4.4 3.5 4.1 4.4 6.2 5.5 4.3 3.9 6.3 11.0
Other Non-Consumer Expenditure 22.9 10.0 8.6 26.8 26.2 28.5 26.6 29.8 30.5 26.1
Liquor and Tobacco 9.0 9.4 7.4 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.7 2.7 2.9 2.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(a) Revised Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series,
Socio-Economic Conditions by Province: Population Distribution 2019
North North Sabara- Sri
Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Western Central gamuwa Lanka
Population Distribution
By Gender, %
Male 47.5 47.3 46.6 47.5 47.1 47.2 45.4 47.9 47.2 47.2
Female 52.5 52.7 53.4 52.5 52.9 52.8 54.6 52.1 52.8 52.8
By Age Group, %
0 – 14 Years 20.2 23.7 22.8 23.2 27.3 24.3 25.5 23.0 21.8 22.8
15 – 59 Years 60.9 57.5 57.8 60.2 60.8 57.9 58.0 60.3 58.4 59.2
Over 59 Years 18.9 18.8 19.4 16.6 11.9 17.8 16.6 16.7 19.8 17.9
By Educational Attainment, %
No Schooling 1.9 4.0 3.1 1.6 3.9 2.9 3.1 6.2 3.9 3.1
Up to Grade 5 14.7 23.0 21.7 22.4 27.8 23.8 25.2 25.1 22.5 21.1
Grade 6 – 10 40.6 44.5 43.9 50.9 43.0 46.7 45.9 46.6 44.8 44.0
Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 21.1 14.7 17.5 12.6 15.6 13.7 14.9 13.0 16.1 16.7
Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and above 21.8 13.8 13.8 12.5 9.7 12.9 10.8 9.1 12.8 15.1
Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2019,

23
24
Socio-Economic Conditions by Province: Income Distribution 2019
Mean Income, Rs. per Month

Per Household 109,813 65,420 68,410 55,390 51,536 75,148 64,645 62,363 56,335 76,414
Per Person 28,809 17,275 18,658 14,107 13,925 20,984 18,131 17,173 15,163 20,527
Per Income Receiver 56,762 36,560 37,923 31,104 32,787 42,321 37,996 36,078 30,695 42,308
Median Income, Rs. per Month

Per Household 75,000 49,475 50,270 42,491 38,871 55,614 47,415 40,055 45,797 53,333
Per Person 19,383 12,344 13,697 11,150 10,250 14,705 13,863 11,066 11,884 14,095
Per Income Receiver 35,171 25,067 26,267 24,629 25,000 28,800 26,323 22,343 23,517 28,465
Income Share by Households, %

Richest 20% 51.7 48.5 48.4 46.8 48.2 49.4 48.4 54.6 44.7 51.4
Poorest 20% 5.1 4.8 5.4 4.5 5.1 4.6 5.0 4.3 5.6 4.6
Middle 60% 43.2 46.7 46.2 48.7 46.8 46.0 46.7 41.1 49.7 44.0
Gini Coefficient (One Month Income)

Gini coefficient (Households) 0.46 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.44 0.43 0.50 0.39 0.46
Gini coefficient (per Person) 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.43 0.40 0.47 0.36 0.44
Gini coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.52 0.49 0.49 0.47 0.47 0.52 0.50 0.54 0.46 0.52
Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series 2019,

Socio-Economic Conditions by Province: Household Expenditure 2019
Total Consumer Expenditure per Month,
Rs. per Household 90,243 56,783 57,854 44,020 46,947 59,681 52,337 46,237 47,215 63,130
Consumer Expenditure Share, %
All Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Cereals 12.9 17.8 14.8 19.5 13.8 15.3 18.2 20.9 18.4 15.6
Prepared Food 15.7 10.0 10.9 8.9 11.0 11.6 10.2 7.2 8.9 11.9
Pulses 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.4 1.9 2.9 3.0 3.9 3.8 3.1
Vegetables 7.2 8.6 8.8 6.9 7.5 8.1 8.9 11.1 9.3 8.2
Meat 5.1 5.5 2.8 5.4 8.0 5.5 5.8 4.3 3.7 5.1
Fish 10.0 5.7 11.2 14.0 14.1 9.2 8.1 6.2 5.7 9.4
Dried Fish 4.2 4.0 3.9 0.6 2.1 5.2 4.3 3.9 5.4 4.0
Eggs 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3
Coconuts 4.9 5.1 6.3 5.4 4.4 5.8 6.0 4.5 6.8 5.4
Condiments 10.5 11.4 12.9 12.0 12.8 12.2 11.3 11.6 12.6 11.7
Milk and Milk Food 8.1 8.0 7.4 7.6 7.1 6.0 5.9 6.8 5.9 7.3
Fat and Oil 2.5 3.8 2.3 4.3 3.4 2.9 3.2 4.3 3.2 3.0
Sugar, Jaggery & Treacle 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1
Fruits 3.5 2.9 3.2 1.4 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.5 3.0
Other 9.4 9.9 8.8 6.7 7.8 9.4 8.8 8.7 10.2 9.1
All Non-Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Housing 24.8 22.3 19.1 13.1 17.0 16.0 17.8 19.2 20.7 21.3
Fuel and Light 4.6 5.1 4.6 9.6 8.7 4.9 4.9 4.4 5.4 5.1
Personal Care and Health Expenses 6.3 6.0 7.1 6.4 7.9 6.5 6.8 4.6 7.7 6.5
Transport 10.8 11.8 11.2 11.3 11.0 12.3 12.0 11.9 13.2 11.4
Communication 3.0 2.7 2.4 3.8 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.4 3.1 2.8
Education 6.0 5.7 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.0 5.2 4.9 7.1 5.9
Cultural Activities and Entertainment 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.6 2.3
Household Non-Durable Goods & Household Services 1.8 2.0 1.5 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8
Clothing, Textile and Footwear 2.9 4.8 4.1 6.9 7.3 4.5 5.6 4.6 5.7 4.1
Household Durable Goods 11.4 9.6 12.4 9.1 7.9 13.1 10.7 10.1 8.6 11.0
Other Miscellaneous Expenses 15.1 14.8 15.8 16.1 14.5 15.7 16.0 15.6 14.1 15.2
Other Ad hoc (Rare) Expenses 9.0 10.0 10.7 11.5 9.8 13.5 12.0 12.6 7.3 10.1
Liquor, Drugs and Tobacco 1.6 2.9 2.6 1.6 2.8 2.1 3.1 5.6 3.5 2.3
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Socio-Economic Conditions by Province: Housing and Amenities 2019
Housing Conditions, % of Households

Wall Type(a)
Permanent 98.5 99.3 98.6 96.8 97.4 97.7 99.4 99.0 98.9 98.5
Semi Permanent 1.5 0.7 1.4 3.2 2.6 2.3 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.5
Floor Type(b)
Permanent 99.3 95.6 98.1 96.9 98.1 96.2 95.8 91.0 96.4 97.1
Semi Permanent 0.7 4.3 1.9 3.1 1.9 3.7 4.2 8.9 3.6 2.9
Roof Type(c)
Permanent 97.7 85.8 97.4 94.6 95.4 94.6 96.7 89.4 92.2 94.3
Semi Permanent 2.3 14.2 2.6 5.4 4.6 5.4 3.3 10.6 7.8 5.7
Water Supply and Sanitation
Main Source of Drinking Water
Safe 97.7 72.8 89.0 95.0 96.8 94.0 91.4 73.0 73.4 88.5
Not Safe 2.3 27.2 11.0 5.0 3.2 6.0 8.6 27.0 26.6 11.5
Toilet Facilities
Exclusive for the Household 93.8 91.1 93.9 92.5 92.2 91.9 91.6 92.1 93.5 92.8
Sharing with another Household 5.2 8.4 5.7 6.1 6.9 7.7 7.7 7.7 6.3 6.6
Public Toilet Facilities 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4
No Toilet Facilities - - - 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2
Availability of Household Equipments
Radios/Cassette Players 63.1 71.1 64.7 38.2 41.3 61.2 64.8 66.9 60.8 61.2
Televisions 91.6 91.6 89.0 77.6 74.1 88.4 90.7 88.7 90.4 88.4
Telephones/Cellular Phones 96.7 94.7 93.1 94.3 91.6 94.9 92.8 90.5 92.9 94.2
Bicycles 19.6 10.9 30.0 72.0 59.1 42.0 48.0 14.6 9.4 28.9
Motor Cycles/Scooters 41.2 19.9 49.4 57.2 45.8 60.5 62.0 27.3 29.6 42.4
Motor Cars/Vans 19.1 7.7 8.7 3.4 4.1 11.5 7.8 5.3 7.8 10.8
Sewing Machines 46.3 35.9 39.3 22.7 23.7 36.8 35.4 26.2 36.6 37.1
Refrigerators 76.8 52.5 63.9 39.3 42.0 63.5 60.5 42.3 56.9 60.7
Washing Machines 42.2 24.3 21.8 7.4 22.0 24.2 16.4 11.7 17.4 25.9
Personal Computers 26.3 15.3 14.4 12.5 8.8 16.5 14.9 7.2 12.5 16.9
(a) Permanent – Brick, Cabok, Cement Block, Pressed Soil Block, Stone/Cube stone (b) Permanent – Cement, Terrazzo/Tile/ Granite/Wood (finished), Concrete (c) Permanent – Tile, Asbestos, Concrete, Metal sheet Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2019,
Semi Permanent – Cadjan/Palmyrah, Wood/Tin sheets/Asbestos, Metal Sheet, etc. Semi Permanent – Mud, Wood, Sand, Other Semi Permanent – Tin sheet, Cadjan, Palmyrah/Straw, etc. Department of Census and Statistics
Socio-Economic Conditions by Province: Sources of Energy for Lighting and Cooking 2019
Per cent

Sources of Energy for Lighting
Electricity 99.1 98.9 99.5 97.8 97.8 98.3 98.7 98.7 98.3 98.8
Kerosene 0.5 0.7 0.4 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.0
Solar Energy 0.3 0.2 - 0.1 0.1 - - 0.2 0.2 0.1
Other 0.1 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 0.2 - 0.1 0.1
Sources of Energy for Cooking

Firewood 27.2 68.9 63.1 67.6 49.2 68.7 78.6 87.1 77.0 57.7
Gas 68.5 29.7 35.5 28.6 47.2 29.4 20.8 11.6 22.2 39.9
Kerosene 2.5 1.0 0.5 2.9 2.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.4
Other 1.8 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.9 0.5 1.0

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Socio-Economic Conditions by Sector: Population Distribution 2016 and 2019
2016 2019
Item
Urban Rural Estate Sri Lanka Urban Rural Estate Sri Lanka
Population Distribution
By Gender, %
Male 46.9 46.8 47.1 46.8 47.5 47.0 48.5 47.2
Female 53.1 53.2 52.9 53.2 52.5 53.0 51.5 52.8
By Age Group, %
0 – 14 Years 23.8 25.3 30.3 25.3 21.2 23.1 24.0 22.8
15 – 59 Years 60.1 59.1 57.0 59.2 60.6 58.9 59.5 59.2
Over 59 Years 16.1 15.6 12.7 15.5 18.2 18.0 16.5 17.9
By Educational Attainment, %
No Schooling 2.4 3.1 10.1 3.3 2.1 3.0 8.3 3.1
Up to Grade 5 19.3 23.5 39.6 23.5 15.9 21.5 35.5 21.1
Grade 6 – 10 40.4 45.0 41.8 44.1 39.6 45.0 44.0 44.0
Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 18.4 15.1 5.4 15.3 19.2 16.7 8.6 16.7
Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 19.4 13.2 3.0 13.8 23.2 13.9 3.6 15.1
Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 and 2019,

Socio-Economic Conditions by Sector: Income Distribution 2016 and 2019
2016 2019
Item
Mean Income, Rs. per Month

Per Household 88,692 58,137 34,804 62,237 116,670 69,517 46,865 76,414
Per Person 22,297 15,508 8,566 16,377 30,452 18,870 11,647 20,527
Median Income, Rs. per Month
Per Household 57,833 42,133 29,134 43,511 74,679 50,869 40,771 53,333
Per Person 14,090 11,140 7,107 11,307 19,143 13,610 9,883 14,095
Income Shares by Deciles of Households, %
1st Decile 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.5
2nd Decile 3.1 3.3 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.1
3rd Decile 4.1 4.5 5.3 4.3 3.9 4.4 5.5 4.2
4th Decile 5.0 5.5 6.6 5.3 4.8 5.5 6.7 5.3
5th Decile 5.8 6.7 7.8 6.4 5.8 6.7 8.0 6.4
6th Decile 7.2 7.9 9.0 7.6 7.1 8.0 9.4 7.6
7th Decile 8.9 9.5 10.6 9.2 8.5 9.6 10.7 9.2
8th Decile 10.7 11.7 12.5 11.5 10.7 11.7 12.3 11.3
9th Decile 14.8 15.6 15.8 15.4 14.7 15.4 15.0 15.1
10th Decile 38.6 33.7 26.7 35.4 39.7 34.0 26.6 36.2
Income Share by Households, %
Richest 20% 53.4 49.3 42.5 50.8 54.5 49.3 41.6 51.4
Poorest 20% 4.9 4.9 5.9 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.8 4.6
Middle 60% 41.7 45.8 51.6 44.4 40.8 45.9 52.7 44.0
Gini Coefficient, One Month Income
Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.48 0.44 0.36 0.45 0.49 0.44 0.36 0.46
Gini Coefficient (Per Person) 0.48 0.42 0.34 0.44 0.48 0.41 0.33 0.44
Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.53 0.50 0.42 0.51 0.54 0.50 0.41 0.52

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Socio-Economic Conditions by Sector: Household Expenditure 2016 and 2019
2016 2019
Item
Expenditure, Rs. per Month Per household 77,337 51,377 34,851 54,999 95,392 57,652 38,519 63,130
Household Expenditure Share, %

Food 31.2 35.4 48.5 34.8 28.2 36.9 50.9 35.1
Housing 18.9 10.7 6.0 12.5 19.2 12.1 9.5 13.8
Fuel and Light 3.9 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.7 3.3
Personal Care and Health Expenses 4.5 4.7 3.1 4.6 4.5 4.2 3.0 4.2
Transport 9.3 7.8 5.4 8.1 7.5 7.5 4.9 7.4
Communication 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.8
Education 4.6 3.5 2.5 3.8 4.3 3.7 2.5 3.8
Cultural Activities and Entertainment 1.9 1.6 0.9 1.7 2.1 1.3 0.7 1.5
Household Non-Durable Goods and Household Services 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.2
Clothing, Textile and Footwear 2.5 3.0 3.7 2.9 2.2 2.8 3.6 2.7
Household Durable Goods 3.1 4.5 2.5 4.1 7.4 7.2 4.3 7.1
Other Miscellaneous Expenses 7.8 11.9 9.7 10.8 9.7 10.1 5.9 9.9
Other Ad hoc (Rare) Expenses 7.1 9.1 6.1 8.6 6.6 6.7 2.7 6.6
Liquor, Drugs and Tobacco 1.4 2.0 5.5 1.9 1.1 1.5 6.0 1.5

Socio-Economic Conditions by Sector: Housing and Amenities 2016 and 2019
2016 2019
Item
Housing Conditions, % of Households

Wall Type(a)
Permanent 97.3 95.1 96.2 95.5 97.9 98.6 98.9 98.5
Semi Permanent 2.7 4.9 3.8 4.5 2.1 1.4 1.1 1.5
Floor Type(b)
Permanent 98.9 95.2 89.1 95.6 99.3 96.8 93.7 97.1
Semi Permanent 1.1 4.8 10.9 4.4 0.7 3.2 6.3 2.9
Roof Type(c)
Permanent 96.1 94.2 33.0 91.9 97.7 95.9 51.4 94.3
Semi Permanent 3.9 5.8 67.0 8.1 2.3 4.1 48.6 5.7
Water Supply and Sanitation
Main Source of Drinking Water
Safe 97.8 89.3 44.7 88.8 99.1 89.2 33.2 88.5
Not Safe 2.2 10.7 55.3 11.2 0.9 10.8 66.8 11.5
Toilet Facilities
Exclusive for the Household 91.9 92.4 77.3 91.7 93.4 93.3 79.3 92.8
Sharing with another Household 6.6 7.0 19.8 7.5 5.2 6.3 18.0 6.6
Public Toilet Facilities 1.6 0.1 2.6 0.4 1.3 0.1 2.7 0.4
No Toilet Facilities – 0.5 0.4 0.4 – 0.3 0.1 0.2
Availability of Household Equipments
Radios/Cassette Players 61.7 64.0 54.9 63.2 60.2 60.9 70.2 61.2
Televisions 88.9 86.1 81.2 86.3 90.5 87.9 89.4 88.4
Telephones/Cellular Phones 95.3 91.1 83.4 91.5 97.0 94.0 88.7 94.3
Bicycles 25.2 32.6 3.3 30.1 23.3 31.3 5.4 28.9
Motor Cycles/Scooters 30.1 39.9 5.7 36.8 35.3 45.7 8.3 42.4
Motor Cars/Vans 16.2 8.3 0.9 9.3 20.3 9.3 0.7 10.8
Sewing Machines 44.1 39.1 16.1 39.0 44.2 36.7 15.1 37.1
Refrigerators 68.8 51.4 17.3 52.9 74.0 59.7 25.7 60.7
Washing Machines 40.2 17.1 2.5 20.3 46.6 22.6 4.5 25.9
Personal Computers 34.0 18.2 5.4 20.3 28.6 15.1 3.9 16.9
(a) Permanent – Brick, Cabok, Cement Block, Pressed Soil Block, Stone/Cube stone (b) Permanent – Cement, Terrazzo/Tile/ Granite/Wood (finished), Concrete (c) Permanent – Tile, Asbestos, Concrete, Metal sheet Source : Household Income and Expenditure
Semi Permanent – Cadjan/Palmyrah, Wood/Tin sheets/ Asbestos, Metal Sheet, etc. Semi Permanent – Mud, Wood, Sand, Other Semi Permanent – Tin sheet, Cadjan, Palmyrah/Straw, etc. Survey 2016 and 2019,
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32
Socio-Economic Conditions by Sector: Sources of Energy for Lighting and Cooking
2016 and 2019
% of Households
2016 2019
Item
Sources of Energy for Lighting
Electricity 98.9 96.7 92.7 96.9 98.9 98.8 97.2 98.8

Kerosene 0.8 3.0 7.1 2.8 0.6 1.0 2.3 1.0
Solar Energy 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1
Other 0.1 … – … 0.1 0.1 – 0.1
Sources of Energy for Cooking
Firewood 25.1 76.8 85.8 68.6 17.0 65.0 81.1 57.7

Gas 68.6 21.7 12.9 29.1 76.9 33.2 18.3 39.9
Kerosene 4.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 4.4 0.8 0.5 1.4
Other 1.8 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.7 1.0 0.1 1.0
… Negligible Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 and 2019,
Socio-Economic Conditions by Sector and Province: Poverty Indicators
Poverty Head Count Index Poor Household Poverty Gap Index
Sector / Province (Percentage) by HIES Survey Period Percentage (%)
2016 2019 (a)
2019(b) 2016 2019 (a)
2019 (b)
2016 2019(a) 2019(b)
Sri Lanka 4.1 3.2 14.3 3.1 2.5 11.9 0.6 0.5 2.8
Sector
Urban 1.9 1.1 6.0 1.3 0.8 4.4 0.3 0.2 1.0
Rural 4.3 3.3 15.0 3.3 2.6 12.6 0.6 0.5 3.0
Estate 8.8 10.4 33.8 6.8 8.3 29.7 1.2 1.2 7.3
Province
Western 1.7 1.1 5.7 1.2 0.8 4.4 0.3 0.2 1.1
Central 5.4 4.7 18.7 4.1 3.7 15.7 0.9 0.6 3.9
Southern 3.0 2.3 12.6 2.3 1.9 10.7 0.4 0.3 2.3
Northern 7.7 8.0 23.8 6.3 6.2 19.9 1.1 1.4 5.6
Eastern 7.3 3.7 18.6 5.3 2.8 15.1 1.2 0.5 3.4
North Western 2.7 1.8 11.8 2.1 1.5 9.9 0.4 0.2 2.0
North Central 3.3 2.0 11.0 2.4 1.5 9.2 0.5 0.4 2.0
Uva 6.5 6.6 28.3 5.4 5.3 24.5 0.7 0.9 5.7
Sabaragamuwa 6.7 6.2 23.1 5.1 5.0 19.6 1.1 1.0 4.9
(a) Old poverty line (based on 2002 CCPI) Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series,
(b) Updated poverty line (based on 2012/13 NCPI) Department of Census and Statistics
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34
Socio-Economic Conditions by Sector and Province: Daily Average Dietary Energy Consumption per Person
2016 and 2019
kcal
2016 2019(a) 2019(b)
Sector / Province
Poor Non-Poor All Poor Non-Poor All Poor Non-Poor All
Households Households Households Households Households Households Households Households Households
Sri Lanka 1,445 2,123 2,095 1,475 2,141 2,120 1,691 2,191 2,120
Sector
Urban 1,222 1,947 1,933 1,222 2,001 1,992 1,400 2,030 1,992
Rural 1,454 2,152 2,122 1,473 2,163 2,140 1,697 2,219 2,140
Estate 1,550 2,322 2,254 1,591 2,315 2,240 1,836 2,447 2,240
Province
Western 1,195 1,967 1,954 1,259 2,017 2,008 1,487 2,040 2,008
Central 1,471 2,167 2,129 1,431 2,154 2,120 1,632 2,232 2,120
Southern 1,379 2,141 2,118 1,422 2,176 2,159 1,641 2,234 2,159
Northern 1,624 2,225 2,179 1,431 2,161 2,103 1,669 2,238 2,103
Eastern 1,423 2,099 2,050 1,515 2,194 2,169 1,716 2,272 2,169
North Western 1,386 2,164 2,143 1,436 2,141 2,128 1,630 2,195 2,128
North Central 1,429 2,275 2,247 1,318 2,261 2,241 1,717 2,306 2,241
Uva 1,703 2,360 2,318 1,669 2,288 2,248 1,921 2,377 2,248
Sabaragamuwa 1,420 2,178 2,127 1,579 2,230 2,189 1,778 2,313 2,189
(a) Old poverty line (based on 2002 CCPI) Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 and 2019,
(b) Updated poverty line (based on 2012/13 NCPI) Department of Census and Statistics
Sri Lanka Prosperity Index
Province 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Prosperity Index
Western 0.673 0.701 0.707 0.733 0.736 0.783 0.790 0.791 0.802
Central 0.482 0.499 0.495 0.521 0.529 0.558 0.554 0.556 0.559
Southern 0.488 0.501 0.504 0.535 0.537 0.567 0.557 0.571 0.582
Northern 0.434 0.465 0.459 0.490 0.480 0.524 0.541 0.540 0.541
Eastern 0.401 0.407 0.410 0.453 0.446 0.482 0.500 0.519 0.519
North Western 0.472 0.483 0.474 0.505 0.507 0.541 0.544 0.549 0.564
North Central 0.442 0.455 0.476 0.496 0.473 0.507 0.519 0.524 0.521
Uva 0.409 0.423 0.427 0.464 0.466 0.487 0.474 0.476 0.468
Sabaragamuwa 0.426 0.437 0.449 0.479 0.486 0.522 0.509 0.502 0.499
Sri Lanka 0.534 0.583 0.598 0.660 0.686 0.733 0.761 0.764 0.796
Economy and Business Climate Sub Index
Western 0.751 0.788 0.776 0.804 0.830 0.861 0.872 0.863 0.866
Central 0.510 0.529 0.526 0.537 0.566 0.587 0.570 0.576 0.565
Southern 0.470 0.477 0.494 0.522 0.562 0.590 0.547 0.542 0.545
Northern 0.493 0.525 0.518 0.508 0.489 0.571 0.590 0.593 0.582
Eastern 0.458 0.463 0.459 0.499 0.491 0.523 0.541 0.579 0.548
North Western 0.483 0.497 0.503 0.542 0.543 0.586 0.583 0.571 0.586
North Central 0.466 0.485 0.505 0.539 0.524 0.563 0.578 0.573 0.552
Uva 0.420 0.438 0.428 0.486 0.516 0.514 0.533 0.515 0.499
Sabaragamuwa 0.431 0.449 0.460 0.488 0.534 0.554 0.526 0.516 0.520
Sri Lanka 0.599 0.659 0.659 0.722 0.791 0.815 0.831 0.799 0.825
(Continued…)
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36
Sri Lanka Prosperity Index (Contd.)
Province 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Well-being of the People Sub Index

Western 0.635 0.636 0.658 0.679 0.650 0.689 0.701 0.734 0.742
Central 0.401 0.409 0.426 0.462 0.464 0.482 0.516 0.555 0.567
Southern 0.493 0.510 0.520 0.558 0.531 0.546 0.550 0.604 0.619
Northern 0.408 0.433 0.414 0.478 0.477 0.489 0.526 0.586 0.587
Eastern 0.382 0.384 0.391 0.423 0.417 0.441 0.473 0.511 0.536
North Western 0.452 0.464 0.464 0.500 0.493 0.517 0.534 0.571 0.580
North Central 0.425 0.434 0.456 0.488 0.474 0.499 0.499 0.545 0.558
Uva 0.354 0.366 0.375 0.423 0.417 0.429 0.445 0.494 0.498
Sabaragamuwa 0.410 0.411 0.430 0.473 0.469 0.501 0.495 0.526 0.527
Sri Lanka 0.490 0.530 0.549 0.615 0.603 0.646 0.724 0.781 0.786
Infrastructure Sub Index
Western 0.632 0.680 0.689 0.717 0.727 0.799 0.796 0.775 0.798
Central 0.535 0.559 0.533 0.564 0.557 0.605 0.575 0.536 0.544
Southern 0.502 0.515 0.499 0.524 0.519 0.565 0.573 0.567 0.583
Northern 0.402 0.436 0.444 0.484 0.476 0.513 0.508 0.439 0.455
Eastern 0.362 0.374 0.378 0.438 0.429 0.481 0.486 0.467 0.473
North Western 0.480 0.488 0.455 0.473 0.486 0.521 0.516 0.506 0.525
North Central 0.435 0.445 0.465 0.460 0.422 0.459 0.480 0.455 0.452
Uva 0.455 0.466 0.479 0.482 0.466 0.518 0.445 0.420 0.407
Sabaragamuwa 0.436 0.453 0.455 0.475 0.454 0.511 0.506 0.464 0.449
Sri Lanka 0.512 0.559 0.586 0.644 0.663 0.738 0.729 0.711 0.777
Note: SLPI compilation methodology closely follows the methodology employed in compiling the Legatum Prosperity Index, which is a global indicator to assess counties’ economic and social wellbeing. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Accordingly, the index values are compiled by normalising each and every variable with respect to its best and worst values recorded during the last 15 years. Therefore, a new set of numbers are
released every year for SLPI and its sub indices.The highest and the lowest values that can be taken by a normalised variable are 1 and 0, respectively. Thereby, the index values are also ranged between
0 and 1. Thus, higher the index value, its performance overtime and across provinces are comparatively high and vice versa.
Demography
Item 2017(a) 2018(a) 2019(a) 2020(a) 2021(a) 2022(a)
Mid-Year Population(b), ’000 21,444 21,670 21,803 21,919 22,156 22,181

Male 10,382 10,492 10,556 10,613 10,727 10,740
Female 11,062 11,178 11,247 11,306 11,429 11,441
By Age Groups
0 – 14 Years 5,411 5,470 5,504 5,534 5,596 5,603
15 – 54 Years 12,263 12,392 12,469 12,535 12,671 12,684
55 Years and Over 3,770 3,808 3,830 3,850 3,889 3,894
Population Growth, % 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.1

Crude Birth Rate per 1,000 15.2 15.1 14.6 13.8 12.9 12.4
Crude Death Rate per 1,000 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.0 7.4 8.1
Rate of Natural Increase per 1,000 8.7 8.7 8.0 7.3 5.5 5.0
Net Migration Rate per 1,000 2.3 0.7 -2.3 -4.3 4.0 -9.7
Density of Population, Persons per sq. km. 342 346 348 350 353 354
(a) Provisional Source: Registrar General’s Department

(b) Based on Census of Population and Housing - 2012
37
38
Population and Population Growth
Population
23.0
21.0
mn
19.0
17.0
15.0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Population Growth (%)
1.2
1.0
Per cent
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Source: Registrar General’s Department

Labour Force and Employment(a)
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)
Labour Force, ’000 8,567 8,388 8,592 8,467 8,553 8,547
Total Employed, ’000 8,208 8,015 8,181 7,999 8,114 8,148

Total Unemployed, ’000 359 373 411 468 440 399
Labour Force Participation Rate
Total 54.1 51.8 52.3 50.6 49.9 49.8
By Gender, %
Male 74.5 73.0 73.0 71.9 71.0 70.5
Female 36.6 33.6 34.5 32.0 31.8 32.1
By Residential Sector, %
Urban 50.5 49.7 50.3 47.0 46.9 47.2
Rural 54.8 52.3 52.7 51.3 50.5 50.3
Total Unemployed, ’000 359 373 411 468 440 399

Status of Employment, %
Public Sector Employees 14.4 14.5 14.9 14.8 15.2 15.1

Private Sector Employees 43.3 43.4 43.0 42.7 42.0 42.9
Employers 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.9
Own Account Workers 31.3 32.3 32.5 33.2 33.4 33.1
Unpaid Family Workers 8.0 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 5.9
(Continued…)
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40
Labour Force and Employment(a) (Contd.)
Item 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)
Employment By Sector(c), %
Agriculture 25.3 27.1 27.3 26.5
Mining and Quarrying 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Manufacturing 18.4 17.5 16.8 17.3
Construction, Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply,
Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities 8.5 8.7 8.5 8.5
Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles 13.9 13.7 14.2 14.0
Transport and Storage 6.3 6.5 5.9 6.0
Accommodation and Food Services Activities 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.9
Information and Communication 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9
Financial and Insurance Activities 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1
Administrative and Support Service Activities 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.8
Public Administration and Defence, Compulsory Social Security 5.3 5.6 6.0 5.6
Education 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.7
Human Health and Social Work Activities 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1
Other(d) 4.8 4.3 4.7 4.8
(a) Household population aged 15 years and above and data covers the entire island. Source: Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Provisional
(c) Based on the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) – Revision 4.
(d) Includes activities of households as employers; Real estate; Arts, entertainment and recreation; and Extra territorial organisations and bodies.
Labour Force and Unemployment(a)
Unemployment Rate 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)
By Gender
Male 2.9 3.0 3.3 4.0 3.7 3.7
Female 6.5 7.1 7.4 8.5 7.9 6.5
By Age Groups (Years)

15 – 19 21.0 26.5 26.0 31.7 25.1 27.9
20 – 29 13.5 15.0 15.3 18.1 18.3 16.3
30 – 39 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.8 3.1
40 and above 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2
By Level of Education
Grade 5 and below … ... ... ... ... ...
Grades 6 – 10 2.8 2.9 3.3 4.0 3.4 3.4
GCE (O/L) 5.9 5.2 6.5 7.2 7.1 6.2
GCE (A/L) and above 8.1 9.1 8.5 9.8 9.1 7.8
Overall 4.2 4.4 4.8 5.5 5.1 4.7
(a) Household population aged 15 years and above and data covers the entire island. Source: Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Provisional
… - Negligible
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42
Foreign Employment
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Departures of Sri Lankans

211,992 211,211 203,087 53,711 122,264 311,056
for Employment (No.)
Migration for employment as a % of all departures 15.0 14.0 14.1 17.1 35.5 34.8
Average No. of migrant travellers for employment per day 581 579 557 147 335 852
Migrant Employment Categories

by gender (No.) – Male 139,268 129,712 122,257 32,500 81,110 186,965
– Female 72,724 81,499 80,830 21,211 41,154 124,091
by skills (%) – Professional 3.0 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.8 4.6

– Middle level 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.5 2.6
– Clerical and related 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 5.3 3.9
– Skilled and Semi-skilled 34.1 33.0 32.3 32.5 34.5 31.1
– Unskilled 28.8 24.5 25.2 26.0 25.9 33.9
– Housemaids 26.4 30.7 30.3 28.5 24.0 23.8
Migrant Remittances (USD mn) 7,164 7,015 6,717 7,104 5,491 3,789
– Middle East 3,711 3,592 3,459 3,673 2,834 1,936
– Other 3,453 3,423 3,258 3,431 2,657 1,853
– Middle East as a % of total remittances 51.8 51.2 51.5 51.7 51.6 51.1
(a) Revised Sources: Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

(b) Provisional Department of Immigration and Emigration
Gross National Income (by Industrial Origin)(a)(b)
Rs. mn
Growth Rate At Constant (2015) Growth Rate
At Current Market Prices
Sector (%) Prices (%)
2021(c) 2022 2022 2021(c) 2022 2022
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 1,554,911 2,112,745 35.9 949,929 906,505 -4.6
Industry 5,275,605 7,308,952 38.5 3,937,880 3,309,764 -16.0
Manufacturing, mining and quarrying 3,703,393 5,386,274 45.4 2,765,119 2,382,046 -13.9
and other industries
Of which: Manufacturing activities 3,164,083 4,731,616 49.5 2,247,151 1,963,346 -12.6
Construction 1,572,211 1,922,678 22.3 1,172,761 927,719 -20.9
Services 9,791,997 13,549,054 38.4 7,414,251 7,265,095 -2.0
Wholesale and retail trade, transportation and
storage, postal and courier activities,
accommodation and food service activities 4,064,134 6,261,983 54.1 3,149,772 3,230,324 2.6
Information and communication 475,127 565,449 19.0 421,795 415,884 -1.4
Financial and insurance activities 1,092,117 1,637,713 50.0 744,771 608,783 -18.3
Real estate activities (including ownership of dwelling) 800,835 993,423 24.0 630,570 554,473 -12.1
Professional, scientific, technical, administration
and support service activities 382,833 431,125 12.6 301,890 289,841 -4.0
Public administration, defence, education,
human health and social work activities 1,770,239 1,947,721 10.0 1,172,791 1,169,361 -0.3
Other personal services (excluding own-services) 1,206,712 1,711,640 41.8 992,662 996,429 0.4
Gross Value Added (GVA) at Basic Price 16,622,513 22,970,752 38.2 12,302,060 11,481,364 -6.7
(+) Taxes on products 991,050 1,186,931 19.8 786,851 587,092 -25.4
(-) Subsidies on products 13,372 9,957 -25.5 50,977 50,608 -0.7
GDP at Market Price 17,600,191 24,147,726 37.2 13,037,934 12,017,849 -7.8
Net Primary Income from Rest of the World -395,539 -621,353 57.1 -294,091 -304,249 3.5
Gross National Income 17,204,651 23,526,373 36.7 12,743,843 11,713,600 -8.1
GDP Per Capita, Rs. 794,376 1,088,667 37.0
(a) Based on the GDP estimates (base year 2015) Source: Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Provisional (c) Revised
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44
Expenditure on Gross National Income (at Current Market Prices)(a)
Rs. mn
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020(b) 2021(b)(c) 2022(c)
Gross National Income 14,034,463 14,962,333 15,469,582 15,248,473 17,204,651 23,526,373
Consumption Expenditure 9,634,523 10,571,361 11,403,356 11,469,129 12,434,283 16,700,557

Private 8,504,654 9,249,688 9,975,736 9,842,246 10,769,655 14,973,295
Government 1,129,869 1,321,672 1,427,620 1,626,883 1,664,627 1,727,261
Gross Domestic Capital Formation 5,715,597 5,842,451 5,427,029 5,168,381 6,466,957 8,304,627
Gross Domestic Expenditure 15,350,120 16,413,811 16,830,385 16,637,510 18,901,240 25,005,184
Export of Goods and Services 2,909,720 3,292,414 3,472,337 2,418,542 2,980,263 5,187,941
Import of Goods and Services 3,872,521 4,354,292 4,391,746 3,384,516 4,281,313 6,045,399
Gross Domestic Product 14,387,319 15,351,933 15,910,976 15,671,535 17,600,191 24,147,726
Net Primary Income from Rest of the World -352,856 -389,601 -441,394 -423,063 -395,539 -621,353
Expenditure on Gross National Income 14,034,463 14,962,333 15,469,582 15,248,473 17,204,651 23,526,373
(a) Based on the GDP estimates (base year 2015) Sources: Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Provisional
Quarterly Growth of Gdp and Gni - at Constant (2015) Prices(a)
Percentage
Gross Value Added
Period Agriculture Industry Services GDP GNI
(GVA)
2019 1st Quarter 5.2 -6.6 4.8 0.7 -0.1 -0.3

2nd Quarter 2.9 -7.3 1.3 -1.5 -1.8 -2.8
3rd Quarter 3.4 -1.1 3.0 1.6 1.2 0.9
4th Quarter -7.6 -1.0 2.5 0.5 -0.3 0.2
Annual 0.5 -4.1 2.9 0.4 -0.2 -0.5
2020(b) 1st Quarter -4.2 -4.5 2.9 -0.1 -0.9 -1.3
2nd Quarter -3.8 -19.0 -13.2 -14.3 -17.1 -17.3
3rd Quarter 4.2 -0.7 0.5 0.4 -1.1 -1.3
4th Quarter -0.1 1.8 1.1 1.2 -0.5 0.9
Annual -0.9 -5.3 -1.9 -2.9 -4.6 -4.5
2021(b)(c) 1st Quarter 4.3 6.6 4.3 5.0 4.5 5.2
2nd Quarter 11.6 22.6 7.5 12.4 13.8 14.9
3rd Quarter -3.3 -1.8 -1.5 -1.8 -3.2 -3.0
4th Quarter -6.8 0.1 4.4 2.2 1.4 1.4
Annual 0.9 5.7 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0
2022(c) 1st Quarter -4.4 -3.7 1.8 -0.5 -0.5 -0.1
2nd Quarter -7.9 -10.1 -1.8 -5.1 -7.4 -8.4
3rd Quarter -6.7 -21.3 -4.2 -10.1 -11.5 -12.1
4th Quarter 0.7 -30.1 -3.9 -11.2 -12.4 -12.3
Annual -4.6 -16.0 -2.0 -6.7 -7.8 -8.1
(a) Based on the GDP estimates (base year 2015) Source: Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
45
46
Gross Value Added at Basic Prices (Current Prices)
Sectoral Composition of GDP

24,000 (Rs. bn at Current Market Prices)
20,000
GVA 2018 2019 2020(a) 2021(a)(b) 2022(b)
16,000
Agriculture 1,166 1,155 1,291 1,555 2,113
Rs. bn
12,000 Industry 4,614 4,645 4,418 5,276 7,309

Services
8,000 Services 8,234 8,870 9,049 9,792 13,549
4,000 Industry GVA 14,014 14,669 14,757 16,623 22,971
Agriculture (a) Revised Source: Department of Census and Statistics

0
(b) Provisional
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Note: Based on the GDP estimates (base year 2015)
Provincial gdp (at Current Market Prices) Shares and Growth(a)
Share (%) GDP (Rs. mn) Per Capita GDP (Rs.)
Province Growth (%)
2020 / 2021
2017 2018 2019(b) 2020(b) 2021(c) 2020(b) 2021(c) 2020(b)(d) 2021(c)(d)
Western 38.0 39.2 42.1 42.2 42.7 6,616,934 7,514,447 13.56 1,073,306 1,208,305
Central 12.1 11.7 10.4 10.6 10.2 1,655,492 1,791,668 8.23 595,287 637,377
Southern 10.0 10.1 9.4 9.1 9.2 1,425,534 1,619,026 13.57 534,108 600,529
Northern 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.2 4.1 655,584 729,573 11.29 569,083 626,243
Eastern 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.9 5.4 918,637 952,822 3.72 526,138 534,393
North Western 10.9 10.7 10.9 10.9 11.0 1,715,526 1,934,402 12.76 669,343 746,297
North Central 5.6 5.7 4.7 5.0 4.8 788,154 852,240 8.13 568,654 607,874
Uva 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.2 820,005 918,457 12.01 591,208 656,041
Sabaragamuwa 7.9 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.3 1,075,670 1,287,556 19.70 519,647 616,645
Sri Lanka 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,671,535 17,600,191 12.31 714,975 794,376
(a) 2017 and 2018 data are based on GDP estimates of base year 2010 while 2019, 2020 and 2021 data are based Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
on GDP estimates of base year 2015, compiled by the Department of Census and Statistics.
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
(d) Estimates as per the latest population figures
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48
Provincial Gdp by Economic Sectors (at Current Market Prices)(a) Rs. mn
North North Sabara-

Sector Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Sri Lanka
Western Central gamuwa
2019(b)
Agriculture 123,519 124,015 185,250 103,491 108,932 221,604 95,227 98,100 94,404 1,154,540
Industry 2,114,857 491,972 310,520 243,602 215,693 523,227 171,615 265,779 307,310 4,644,574
Services 3,941,749 914,509 877,142 348,092 441,771 859,947 425,742 443,666 617,091 8,869,710
GDP 6,703,457 1,660,097 1,489,169 754,053 831,294 1,740,670 751,232 875,927 1,105,077 15,910,976
2020 (b)
Agriculture 136,548 158,700 179,731 100,770 120,488 240,312 137,647 113,286 103,540 1,291,023
Industry 2,095,898 436,100 288,799 166,824 292,223 493,963 151,427 206,057 286,559 4,417,850
Services 3,998,547 964,134 873,858 349,752 452,346 881,191 453,110 452,834 622,831 9,048,602
GDP 6,616,934 1,655,492 1,425,534 655,584 918,637 1,715,526 788,154 820,005 1,075,670 15,671,535
2021 (c)
Agriculture 158,078 213,281 237,622 104,458 137,334 268,119 164,386 146,523 125,110 1,554,911
Industry 2,543,426 500,015 331,299 205,614 299,402 608,436 169,642 240,157 377,614 5,275,605
Services 4,395,521 978,845 960,169 378,974 463,158 950,393 470,870 480,758 713,309 9,791,997
GDP 7,514,447 1,791,668 1,619,026 729,573 952,822 1,934,402 852,240 918,457 1,287,556 17,600,191
(a) Based on GDP estimates of base year 2015 compiled by the Department of Census and Statistics Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
Note: Since the tax and subsidies on product adjustment is not included, the addition of Agriculture, Industry and Services sectors will not be equal to GDP.
Production and Prices of Major Crops
Item Unit 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Production Volume
Paddy MT ’000 2,383 3,930 4,592 5,121 5,150 3,393

Bushels ’000 114,214 188,340 220,078 245,395 246,799 162,605
Tea kgs. mn 307 304 300 279 299 252
Rubber kgs. mn 83 83 75 78 77 71
Coconut Nuts mn 2,450 2,623 3,086 2,792 3,120 3,391
Prices
Paddy : Producer Price Rs./kg. 46.92 42.49 41.42 50.28 54.00 110.82
Tea : Colombo Auction (Gross) Rs./kg. 620.44 581.58 546.67 633.85 619.15 1,270.50
Rubber : F.O.B. Price Rs./kg. 343.56 363.93 332.29 353.84 540.77 841.72
Coconut : Wholesale Price Rs./Nut 62.71 60.68 41.89 61.05 71.88 74.86
Value of Production, Rs. mn
Paddy Rs. mn 111,818 166,979 190,203 257,480 278,078 376,002
Tea Rs. mn 190,513 176,709 164,067 176,750 185,428 319,530
Rubber Rs. mn 28,550 30,046 24,840 27,672 41,574 59,653
Coconut Rs. mn 153,610 159,164 129,254 170,464 224,241 253,877
(a) Revised Sources:

(b) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Tea Board, Rubber Development Department
Coconut Development Authority, Ceylon Chamber of Commerce
Colombo Tea Brokers’ Association
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50
Annual Production Volume – Subsidiary Food Crops
Metric Tons
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (a)

2022(b)
Manioc 306,347 323,108 281,075 314,846 314,382 307,996

Potatoes 73,358 88,897 101,642 65,085 75,911 47,614
Sweet Potatoes 40,193 43,323 35,607 44,580 43,415 45,039
Chillies (green) 51,827 79,003 60,593 79,325 68,565 63,035
Red Onions 57,747 61,073 58,242 65,874 53,784 49,468
Big Onions 53,603 28,047 18,603 43,018 65,907 17,799
Maize 196,900 270,041 245,647 313,521 472,444 259,040
Cowpea 8,576 11,180 8,067 13,216 11,878 14,844
Green Gram 9,392 9,856 7,355 13,497 18,931 12,544
Black Gram 7,329 11,852 4,908 9,562 14,404 9,920
Kurakkan 5,574 8,060 5,474 6,247 8,064 10,888
Ground Nuts 22,475 27,602 26,922 36,376 36,947 27,181
Ginger 16,326 14,208 15,687 42,019 56,842 71,930
Gingelly 7,754 8,589 6,085 8,223 11,999 10,230
Turmeric 10,267 10,727 11,103 39,726 51,945 92,831
Soya Beans 14,363 2,500 2,197 7,879 3,794 3,842
Sorghum 155 169 136 335 321 80
Mustard 192 217 151 63 372 101
Meneri 34 57 68 107 348 318
(a) Revised
Source: Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Provisional
Fish Production by Province
Metric Tons
North North Sabara– Sri

Year\Province Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
2017 Marine Fish 78,095 – 144,600 83,155 77,790 65,800 – – – 449,440

Inland Fish 1,670 2,970 10,640 7,170 19,520 9,600 24,070 3,990 2,240 81,870
Total 79,765 2,970 155,240 90,325 97,310 75,400 24,070 3,990 2,240 531,310
2018 Marine Fish 76,770 – 148,040 78,620 70,600 65,340 – – – 439,370
Inland Fish 3,160 2,470 9,750 3,490 23,300 12,530 24,540 6,710 1,740 87,690
Total 79,930 2,470 157,790 82,110 93,900 77,870 24,540 6,710 1,740 527,060
2019 Marine Fish 75,200 – 133,710 87,840 59,680 59,060 – – – 415,490
Inland Fish 3,250 3,130 9,560 4,010 20,120 11,220 27,800 9,670 1,580 90,340
Total 78,450 3,130 143,270 91,850 79,800 70,280 27,800 9,670 1,580 505,830
2020 Marine Fish 67,790 – 110,820 66,510 42,320 39,490 – – – 326,930
Inland Fish 4,730 3,030 7,630 3,460 25,270 14,840 31,360 10,120 1,370 101,810
Total 72,520 3,030 118,450 69,970 67,590 54,330 31,360 10,120 1,370 428,740
2021 Marine Fish 68,770 – 110,140 61,030 45,710 46,025 – – – 331,675
Inland Fish 3,745 3,205 6,980 3,270 27,600 20,835 28,010 9,210 1,380 104,235
Total 72,515 3,205 117,120 64,300 73,310 66,860 28,010 9,210 1,380 435,910
2022(a) Marine Fish 59,870 – 103,395 47,370 34,215 35,760 – – – 280,610
Inland Fish 3,240 3,790 6,390 5,040 28,660 23,610 35,470 8,925 1,495 116,620
Total 63,110 3,790 109,785 52,410 62,875 59,370 35,470 8,925 1,495 397,230
(a) Provisional Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
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52
National Livestock Statistics ’000
Type of Livestock 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Animal Population
Neat Cattle (No.)
Milk Cows – Milking at present 296 329 323 338 351 348
Not milking at present 269 280 269 270 275 273
Total Cattle 1,001 1,111 1,086 1,104 1,131 1,128
Buffaloes (No.)
Milk Cows – Milking at present 86 94 92 102 106 102
Not milking at present 70 75 69 74 78 75
Total Buffaloes 284 309 298 323 333 325
Goats (No.) 287 315 314 334 362 366
Sheep (No.) 10 11 12 11 12 12
Pigs (No.) 95 98 91 93 99 100
Poultry (No.) 21,276 20,531 20,411 24,278 24,311 22,767
Ducks (No.) 11 12 12 14 20 13
Average Monthly Production
Cow Milk (Litres) 27,418 32,628 31,168 34,470 35,447 34,933
Buffalo Milk (Litres) 5,742 6,347 6,131 6,492 7,328 7,271
Total Milk (Litres) 33,160 38,974 37,299 40,962 42,775 42,204
Eggs (No.) 172,739 164,351 173,684 155,808 162,809 154,050
(a) Revised Source: Department of Census and Statistics

(b) Provisional
Agricultural Land Use
Heactares ’000
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Main Agricultural Crops

Paddy 792 1,041 1,117 1,208 1,272 1,258
Tea 201 200 200 266 267 267
Rubber 137 137 138 138 139 139
Minor Export Crops
Cocoa 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9
Cinnamon 29.4 33.1 33.9 34.8 35.7 36.5
Cardamom 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.7
Cloves 7.2 6.4 5.9 8.0 8.0 8.0
Pepper 6.6 7.0 45.3 41.3 41.7 42.1
Coffee 6.6 7.0 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.6
Selected Other Crops
Manioc 22.1 22.4 20.6 20.7 21.0 21.0
Maize 52.5 70.9 63.5 78.2 106.8 84.2
Chillies 10.9 13.6 11.0 13.6 12.3 12.1
Red Onions 4.2 4.0 5.3 4.6 4.1 4.0
Big Onions 3.0 1.4 0.9 2.3 3.9 1.4
Potatoes 4.5 5.2 5.6 3.6 4.6 3.5
Gingelly (Sesame) 9.1 11.9 6.0 11.7 17.2 16.2
Sugar Cane (with ratoons)(c) 11.2 11.2 12.3 13.6 14.4 14.1
Cowpea 6.8 9.5 7.2 11.5 10.4 14.3
Green Gram 7.4 8.6 6.2 10.9 17.8 11.9
(a) Revised Sources: Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka Tea Board
(b) Provisional Lanka Sugar Company (Pvt) Ltd. - Sevanagala Unit Rubber Development Department
(c) Includes Nucleus Estates and allottees Lanka Sugar Company (Pvt) Ltd. - Pelwatte Unit Galoya Plantations (Pvt) Ltd.
Department of Export Agriculture Ethimale Plantation (Pvt) Ltd.
53
54
Industrial Production
Rs. mn
Industrial Category 2017 2018 2019 2020(a) 2021(a)(b) 2022(b)
Value Added in Manufacturing Activities (Constant 2015 Prices)(c) 2,027,912 2,104,687 2,147,376 2,092,317 2,247,151 1,963,346
Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco Products 855,603 896,813 929,371 980,863 1,014,150 869,715
Manufacture of Textiles, Wearing Apparel, Leather and
Leather Related Products 441,181 463,618 469,028 416,312 473,911 512,399
Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and
Cork, except Furniture 38,346 39,879 36,321 32,831 35,579 29,758
Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products, Printing and
Reproduction of Media Products 56,009 57,716 54,064 51,896 56,811 52,069
Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 21,395 19,846 24,630 22,108 15,492 6,474
Manufacture of Chemical and Chemical Products,
Basic Pharmaceutical Products 84,781 88,399 90,144 92,157 95,793 82,350
Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 102,246 101,890 98,429 81,182 97,436 67,507
Manufacture of Other Non- metallic Mineral Products 97,743 102,554 107,062 102,685 119,973 85,188
Manufacture of Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal Products 76,380 84,102 80,312 77,859 81,174 58,781
Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 63,885 64,638 66,114 65,187 73,090 59,181
Manufacture of Furniture 92,650 88,078 95,470 81,651 82,694 60,837
Other Manufacturing, and Repair and Installation of
Machinery and Equipment 97,692 97,155 96,432 87,586 101,048 79,088
Index of Industrial Production (IIP) (2015 = 100)(d)(e) 105.8 106.7 108.1 97.1 104.2 91.6
(a) Revised Source: Department of Census and Statistics

(b) Provisional
(c) Based on the base year 2015 GDP estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics
(d) Based on the IIP (2015 = 100) compiled by the Department of Census and Statistics and indices are classified according to the ISIC Revision 4
(e) Monthly avarage of IIP (2015 = 100)
Energy
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Petroleum
Imports
Crude Oil: Quantity MT ’000 1,591 1,674 1,842 1,667 1,182 649
Value (C.I.F.) Rs. mn 107,397 160,024 173,547 107,665 123,865 157,408
Refined Products(c) : Quantity, MT ’000 4,895 4,959 4,740 4,028 4,553 3,927
Value (C.I.F.) Rs. mn 375,374 475,521 483,462 321,818 564,681 1,294,311
Locally Refined Products, MT ’000
Petrol (92 Octane and 95 Octane) 165 165 186 164 124 39
Auto Diesel 509 568 624 538 371 128
Kerosene 57 35 38 109 98 25
Furnace Oil 431 425 483 465 359 107
Aviation Fuel 236 237 259 157 131 57
Local Consumption, MT ’000
Petrol(d) 1,277 1,368 1,427 1,259 1,354 1,188
Diesel(e) 2,286 2,088 2,224 1,819 1,950 1,772
Kerosene 161 210 206 176 185 98
Furnace Oil 1,040 949 1,011 971 720 496
L.P. Gas 412 435 466 473 457 294
Electricity
Available Capacity, MW 4,138 4,046 4,217 4,265 4,186 4,084
Units Generated, GWh 14,671 15,374 15,922 15,714 16,716 15,942
Hydro(f) 3,059 5,149 3,783 3,911 5,640 5,364
Thermal and Other(g) 11,612 10,224 12,139 11,802 11,076 10,578
Sales, GWh 13,430 14,091 14,611 14,286 15,214 14,520
Domestic and Religious 4,463 4,641 4,863 5,172 5,320 5,124
Industrial, General Purpose, Government and Hotel 7,263 7,702 7,955 7,402 8,164 7,748
(a) Revised (e) Includes Auto Diesel, Super Diesel and XtraMile Diesel Sources: Ceylon Petroleum Corporation Laugfs Gas PLC
(b) Provisional (f) Excluding mini hydro Lanka IOC PLC Ceylon Electricity Board
(c) Excluding coal (g) Includes private power generation, coal and NCRE Lanka Marine Services (Pvt.) Ltd Sri Lanka Customs
(d) Includes 92 Octane, 95 Octane and XtraPremium Euro 3 Litro Gas Lanka Ltd. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
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56
Electricity Services by Province
North North Sabara–

Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva LECO Total
Western Central gamuwa
No. of Consumer Accounts

2018 1,529,336 1,002,820 766,864 356,253 535,636 848,767 448,008 390,670 475,925 1 6,354,280
2019 1,563,679 1,022,970 783,492 367,518 552,096 866,436 459,639 399,578 485,231 1 6,500,641
2020 1,594,442 1,040,251 798,781 380,260 569,698 884,297 467,720 407,782 493,033 1 6,636,266
2021 1,631,555 1,063,688 817,685 397,311 592,499 903,808 478,822 419,112 505,046 1 6,809,528
2022 1,662,704 1,083,021 833,735 486,950 606,063 836,875 486,353 426,474 514,558 1 6,936,735
Sales (Gwh)
2018 6,034 1,310 1,126 419 712 1,372 566 371 541 1,640 14,091
2019 6,172 1,395 1,154 440 739 1,481 601 385 560 1,684 14,611
2020 5,844 1,365 1,155 446 768 1,509 635 397 565 1,605 14,286
2021 6,366 1,437 1,218 475 804 1,611 661 419 590 1,633 15,214
2022 6,016 1,397 1,175 466 756 1,575 618 402 565 1,550 14,520
Generation (Gwh)
(Excluding self generation)
2018 3,484 5,014 156 155 13 4,997 44 188 1,205 – 15,255
2019 4,615 3,591 216 200 27 5,646 102 176 1,167 – 15,740
2020 3,736 3,817 237 263 28 5,956 127 162 1,119 _ 15,445
2021 2,833 5,467 171 568 29 5,720 134 202 1,202 _ 16,326
2022(a) 2,828 5,110 146 615 28 5,984 136 173 1,029 _ 16,049
(a) Provisional Source: Ceylon Electricity Board
Note 1: Transmission Bulk Supply to Lanka Electricity Company Ltd. (LECO) is shown as a total and accounted as one account.
Note 2: Street Lighting Consumer Accounts are accounted as one account.
Public Health Services
Item 2017 2018 2019(a) 2020(a) 2021(a) 2022(b)
Hospitals (practicing Western Medicine) No. 612 612 603 609 618 617
Beds No. 76,569 76,824 77,964 77,121 78,228 78,228
Primary Medical Care Units No. 506 506 499 518 542 544
Doctors No. 20,349 19,692 18,130 19,615 20,209 21,045
Assistant Medical Practitioners No. 910 895 756 656 648 642
Nurses No. 34,221 34,714 38,276 37,634 39,091 40,775
Attendants No. 9,218 8,614 8,531 8,384 8,334 8,310
In - Patients No. ’000 6,910 7,116 7,478 5,785 n.a. n.a.
Out - Patients No. ’000 55,520 57,410 58,785 38,913 n.a. n.a.
Ayurvedic Physicians(c) No. 23,206 25,431 25,783 26,061 26,183 26,650
Total Health Expenditure(d) Rs. mn 196,820 218,462 244,307 n.a. 387,121 323,537
Recurrent Expenditure (d) Rs. mn 161,312 180,568 211,555 n.a. 275,165 279,803
Capital Expenditure (d) Rs. mn 35,509 37,893 32,752 n.a. 111,956 43,734
Total Health Expenditure as a % of GDP(d)(e) % 1.47 1.51 1.63 n.a. 2.30 1.34
(a) Revised Sources: Ministry of Health

(b) Provisional Department of Ayurveda
(c) Registered with the Department of Ayurvedic Medical Council Ministry of Finance, Economic
(d) As a result of Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation and National Policies restating fiscal sector statistics of 2019, as announced in Stabilisation and National Policies
the Budget Speech for 2020, data for 2020 are not available. The data for health expenses for 2019 which was published prior to the said Department of Census and Statistics
restatement have not been revised to reflect the restated fiscal data.
(e) Data are based on the GDP estimates (base year 2015) of the Department of Census and Statistics
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58
Education
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Total Schools 11,053 11,044 11,084 11,091 11,088 11,082

Government 10,194 10,175 10,165 10,155 10,146 10,134
Private(c) 106 106 118 120 123 125
Pirivenas 753 763 801 816 819 823
Total Pupils 4,446,401 4,538,148 4,408,262 4,272,289(d) 4,260,466(d) 4,236,207(d)
Government Schools 4,165,964 4,214,772 4,061,653 4,063,685 4,048,937 4,024,207
Private Schools(c) 136,462 142,032 138,067 138,726 141,219 141,500
Pirivenas 62,872 60,875 68,319 69,878 70,310 70,500
International Schools 81,103 120,469 140,223 n.a. n.a. n.a.
New Admissions(e) 322,135 328,632 333,074(a) 319,405 304,105 301,519
Total Teachers 263,934 272,998 275,371 265,394(d) 256,676(d) n.a.
Government Schools 241,591 247,334 246,592 249,494 241,054 n.a.
Private Schools
Pirivenas } 12,969 14,151 15,211 15,900 15,622 n.a.
International Schools 9,374 11,513 13,568 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Pupils per Teacher(e) 17 17 16 16 17 n.a.
University Education (Government)(f)
Universities 15 15 15 15 17 17
University Students(g) 88,527 93,787 100,944 106,641 119,068 128,638
New Admissions for Bachelor’s Degrees 30,668 31,451 31,902 41,669 43,927 n.a.
University Lecturers 5,669 6,003 6,321 6,525 7,004 7,204
Govt. Expenditure on Education(h)(i), Rs. mn 257,446 266,916 290,237 n.a. 310,613 367,491
As a % of Total Govt. Expenditure 10.0 9.9 8.7 n.a. 8.8
As a % of GDP(j) 1.93 1.86 1.93 n.a. 1.85 1.52
(a) Revised (i) As a result of Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation and National Sources: Ministry of Education
(b) Provisional Policies restating fiscal sector statistics of 2019, as announced in the Budget University Grants Commission
(c) Private schools approved by the Government and schools for children with special needs Speech for 2020, data for 2020 are not available. The data for education Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation
(This figure excludes international schools which are registered under the Companies Act) expenses for 2019 which was published prior to the said restatement have
(d) Excluding data from international schools not been revised to reflect the restated fiscal data and National Policies
(e) Government schools only (j) Data are based on the GDP estimates (base year 2015) of the Department Department of Census and Statistics
(f) Universities which are under the purview of the University Grants Commission of Census and Statistics. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(g) Excludes the Open University of Sri Lanka and external degree courses n.a. – not available
(h) Government expenditure on General and Higher Education
Water Consumption and Revenue by Province

Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
No. of Consumers
2018 1,026,852 272,559 320,351 24,199 264,831 82,548 121,541 103,307 112,466 2,328,654
2019 1,062,489 282,214 330,915 28,064 286,003 87,855 131,995 109,115 118,854 2,437,504
2020 1,103,344 291,357 343,093 31,575 303,391 95,308 144,495 120,006 127,668 2,560,237
2021 1,171,808 307,592 360,999 37,090 332,780 108,403 160,011 136,191 137,450 2,752,324
2022 1,225,046 321,655 382,817 43,571 353,030 120,887 168,752 144,227 145,556 2,905,541
Quantity of Water Sold (m3 mn)
2018 284.5 55.0 66.0 3.7 43.5 17.1 25.4 18.3 20.6 534.1
2019 292.0 58.7 68.5 4.2 48.3 18.8 28.4 19.5 22.3 560.8
2020 305.6 61.3 72.5 4.8 53.1 20.2 31.2 21.0 24.4 594.0
2021 307.0 61.7 73.5 5.4 56.0 21.5 32.8 22.3 24.7 604.8
2022 313.0 61.6 72.9 5.9 55.9 23.0 32.3 22.0 25.2 611.8
Revenue Billed (Rs. mn)
2018 15,822.8 2,111.5 2,921.8 160.5 1,701.2 656.7 1,151.4 760.7 945.4 26,232.1
2019 16,177.8 2,276.5 3,042.5 183.6 1,911.9 734.9 1,317.3 815.7 1,029.4 27,489.6
2020 16,425.2 2,383.0 3,152.3 203.8 2,125.5 1,062.6 1,424.6 846.0 1,108.6 28,731.7
2021 16,185.9 2,333.9 3,174.1 224.8 2,121.6 822.9 1,460.6 869.7 1,076.6 28,269.9
2022 21,567.0 3,181.8 4,229.8 353.9 2,966.8 1,208.0 1,872.9 1,207.4 1,433.2 38,020.8
Revenue Collected (Rs. mn)
2018 16,382.0 2,181.6 2,970.1 171.5 1,788.8 677.9 1,212.5 859.9 1,004.4 27,248.7
2019 16,438.3 2,333.6 3,129.3 190.3 1,947.7 750.7 1,376.6 837.9 1,078.4 28,082.8
2020 14,190.4 2,331.0 2,815.1 188.2 1,913.4 1,002.3 1,336.2 819.2 1,025.8 25,621.5
2021 17,047.6 2,417.6 3,427.8 222.6 2,309.3 845.7 1,507.7 937.7 1,129.5 29,845.5
2022 21,796.5 3,069.8 4,143.2 339.0 2,724.6 1,168.2 1,859.5 1,096.0 1,325.8 37,522.6
Source: National Water Supply and Drainage Board
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60
Communications
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Newspapers(c)
Daily Newspapers – Sinhala 6 3 4 6 6 4
Tamil 5 3 3 4 8 7
English 5 4 6 7 7 6
Weekly Newspapers – Sinhala 24 17 21 29 27(a) 17
Tamil 11 8 6 5 9 11
English 5 3 7 9 9 6
Televisions
No. of TV Channels 24 24 25 25 25 25
Radios
No. of Radio Services 54 57 58 51 51 51
Post Offices 4,690 4,475 4,474 4,196 4,194 4,135
Main Post Offices (No.) 653 653 653 653 654 653
Sub-Post Offices (No.) 3,409 3,410 3,409 3,409 3,410 3,342
Private Post Offices (No.) 628 412 412 134 130 140
Area served by a Post Office (sq. km) 14 15 15 16 16 16
Population served by a Post Office (No.) 4,572 4,791 4,872 5,223 5,283 5,365
Telephones 30,802,261 35,012,720 35,183,776 31,352,417 32,810,441 31,489,325
Wireline Telephones in Service (No.) 1,198,483 1,215,967 1,244,549 1,246,045 1,264,196 1,263,068
Wireless Local Loop Telephones (No.) 1,404,695 1,268,649 1,055,218 1,367,095 1,587,393 1,388,219
Cellular Phones (No.) 28,199,083 32,528,104 32,884,009 28,739,277 29,958,852 28,838,038
Telephone Density (per 100 persons) 143.6 161.6 161.4 143.0 148.1 142.0
Public Pay Phones 5,137 2,135 476 461 n.a. n.a.
E-mail and Internet Subscribers(d) 6,747,154 10,562,675 13,408,403 17,524,048 22,106,398 21,667,616
(a) Revised (c) National Newspapers only Sources: Ministry of Mass Media
(b) Provisional (d) Including mobile intenet connections Sri Lanka Press Council
n.a. - not available Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka
Department of Posts
Telecommunication Services by Province Number
Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Land Phones
Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd (includes Wireline, CDMA and LTE provided by SLT)
2018 836,474 167,418 148,290 72,824 80,186 127,244 67,802 88,649 128,311 1,717,198
2019 900,238 177,306 130,947 72,980 68,127 123,303 44,423 52,188 97,249 1,735,042(a)
2020 959,734 173,892 144,923 74,351 76,334 132,147 50,180 53,516 91,025 1,756,102
2021 918,213 171,215 149,961 70,365 67,089 137,310 50,212 57,660 94,174 1,716,199
2022(b) 886,344 160,667 142,739 63,403 58,681 132,727 50,785 54,457 89,755 1,639,558
Wireless Local Loop, CDMA and LTE (provided by Dialog Broadband and Lankabell)
2018 307,640 88,347 83,632 12,906 16,952 77,903 43,156 74,065 62,817 767,418
2019 256,502 61,406 56,536 18,447 18,575 48,929 31,831 50,324 50,489 593,040
2020 349,556 105,864 89,634 21,920 30,639 93,963 38,461 55,803 71,198 857,038
2021 954,027 222,824 217,943 71,275 87,931 232,867 83,577 89,369 162,279 2,122,092
2022(b) 975,893 219,338 212,259 71,778 92,229 227,942 77,456 81,036 155,521 2,113,452
Public Pay Phones
2018 2,430 672 510 74 205 494 238 186 282 5,091
2019 201 57 68 32 15 17 9 42 28 469
2020 198 57 68 32 13 17 6 42 28 461
2021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2022 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(a) Include 68,281 Wireline and CDMA Phones unallocated on provincial basis Source: Telecommunication Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional
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62
Telephone and Internet Penetration
1,050.0 Telephones, per 100 Persons

900.0 (Fixed Access Services, Wireless Services and Cellular
Phones)
750.0 Internet Connecons, per 1,000 Persons
Number
(including Mobile Broadband Connecons from 2010

600.0 onwards)
450.0
300.0
150.0
0.0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Telephones, per 100 Persons
111.8 119.5 128.7 135.7 143.6 161.6 161.4 143.0 148.1 142.0
(Fixed Access Services, Wireless Services and Cellular Phones)
Internet Connections, per 1,000 Persons
97.6 163.5 195.1 232.0 314.6 487.4 615.0 799.5 997.8 976.9
(including Mobile Broadband Connections from 2010 onwards)
Source: Telecommunication Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka
Postal Services by Province

Year Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
No. of Main Post Offices 2018 147 102 92 52 57 65 38 46 54 653

2019 148 101 91 52 57 65 39 46 54 653
2020 148 101 91 52 57 65 39 46 54 653
2021 147 102 92 53 57 65 38 46 54 654
2022 147 102 92 53 57 64 38 46 54 653

No. of Sub Post Offices 2018 532 532 505 264 220 418 274 250 385 3,380
2019 533 527 505 265 233 417 274 251 385 3,390
2020 525 527 505 264 220 415 275 252 385 3,368
2021 515 515 510 260 220 415 273 252 385 3,345
2022 515 515 510 260 220 415 273 252 385 3,345

No. of Agency Post Offices/ 2018 109 15 15 26 5 20 11 3 6 210
Co-operative Thrift 2019 71 14 13 5 5 10 10 2 6 136
Society and 2020 70 13 11 5 5 13 9 2 6 134
Estate Agency 2021 68 12 11 5 5 13 10 2 6 132
Post Offices 2022 68 12 11 5 5 13 10 2 6 132

Total No. of Post Offices 2018 788 649 612 342 282 503 323 299 445 4,243
2019 752 642 609 322 295 492 323 299 445 4,179
2020 743 641 607 321 282 493 323 300 445 4,155
2021 730 629 613 318 282 493 321 300 445 4,131
2022 730 629 613 318 282 492 321 300 445 4,130
Source: Department of Posts
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64
Transportation
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Road Kilometrage(c) 12,210 12,220 12,220 12,225 12,225 12,225
New Registration of Motor Vehicles 451,653 480,799 367,303 202,628 33,850 20,510
Buses and Coaches 3,331 2,957 1,613 578 281 404
Cars 39,182 80,776 38,232 21,021 3,495 1,489
Motor Cycles 344,380 339,763 284,301 151,634 8,011 9,060
Goods Transport Vehicles(d) 28,174 26,302 18,682 13,473 5,203 2,592
Land Vehicles 13,049 10,282 7,666 8,302 14,764 6,929
Three Wheelers 23,537 20,063 15,490 7,150 2,093 36
Quadricycles and Motor Homes - 656 1,319 470 3 -
SLTB / Regional Bus Companies
Buses Operated (Average per day) 5,266 5,227 5,011 3,971 3,706 4,215
Passenger Kilometres, mn 15,810 15,541 14,346 8,623 6,225 15,000
Private Operator Buses 19,998 20,030 19,979 20,123 20,021 19,862
Sri Lanka Railways
Passenger Kilometres, mn 7,495 7,710 7,310 3,906 2,158 6,602
Freight Ton Kilometres, mn 145 120 116 114 162 139
SriLankan Airlines
Passenger Kilometres Flown, mn 14,169 16,180 15,509 3,641 2,868 11,042
Passengers, ’000 5,355 5,882 5,579 1,238 857 3,296
Freight, MT ’000 124 136 123 56 93 88
(a) Revised Sources: Road Development Authority Sri Lanka Railways

(b) Provisional Department of Motor Traffic Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka
(c) Kilometerage of A and B class roads maintained by Road Development Authority Sri Lanka Transport Board National Transport Commission
(d) Includes dual purpose vehicles
Sri Lanka Transport Board Bus Services by Province

Year Western(a) Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
No. of Buses Operated

2016 1,335 793 486 245 301 581 424 568 603 5,336
2017 1,276 789 480 236 295 588 420 578 604 5,266
2018 1,266 766 470 242 291 584 426 606 591 5,242
2019 1,135 758 465 243 287 574 407 587 592 5,048
2020 904 649 308 191 154 455 338 525 521 4,045
2021(b) 1,039 716 400 225 254 469 355 470 521 4,449
Operated km. mn
2016 109.8 56.1 46.1 25.8 32.1 51.6 40.6 48.4 41.2 451.6
2017 90.7 48.5 38.1 21.7 26.7 45.5 34.8 40.9 35.1 382.1
2018 104.9 55.6 44.6 25.8 31.9 52.8 40.9 49.1 40.6 446.4
2019 98.0 54.5 43.4 25.4 31.0 51.2 39.9 48.1 39.6 431.3
2020 64.3 43.0 30.7 18.2 20.4 34.8 27.4 37.4 30.1 306.3
2021 (b)
55.0 35.6 24.3 14.6 16.1 27.8 21.8 29.6 23.0 247.8
Passenger km. mn
2016 3,469.9 2,127.3 1,498.9 861.4 1,170.0 1,772.1 1,313.5 1,560.1 1,455.3 15,228.4
2017 3,465.6 2,241.3 1,624.8 919.8 1,272.8 1,826.5 1,455.9 1,679.9 1,215.3 15,710.8
2018 3,320.7 2,234.3 1,566.1 911.6 1,250.0 1,849.8 1,490.6 1,587.2 1,299.7 15,510.0
2019 3,079.1 2,114.4 1,414.3 803.8 1,106.3 1,668.7 1,395.3 1,548.3 1,216.1 14,346.3
2020 1,749.6 1,392.1 835.5 479.7 622.1 961.8 781.6 1,034.5 765.8 8,622.7
2021 (b)
1,244.5 1,046.3 566.5 368.2 433.3 690.1 568.6 738.6 568.6 6,224.6
(a) Buses under Sri Lanka Tourist Transport Service (SLTTS) are included in Western Province. Source: Sri Lanka Transport Board
(b) Provisional
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66
Private Operator Bus Services by Province

Year Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Western Central gamuwa Lanka(a)
No. of Buses Operated

2017 4,154 2,410 1,280 965 493 1,478 626 825 1,715 16,972
2018 5,854 2,481 1,281 925 540 1,482 626 1,144 1,729 16,062
2019 5,922 2,369 1,281 944 471 1,348 540 955 1,761 18,562
2020 3,785 1,781 838 491 294 608 328 604 991 10,787
2021 2,621 1,227 478 503 238 589 291 567 1,017 9,053
(b)
2022 2,603 1,543 630 488 368 404 600 549 1,173 9,807
Operated km. mn
2017 206.2 119.6 63.5 47.9 24.4 73.3 31.0 40.9 85.1 1,008.8
2018 290.5 123.1 63.5 45.9 26.8 73.5 31.1 56.8 85.8 797.3
2019 294.0 117.6 63.6 46.9 23.4 66.9 26.8 47.4 87.4 1,085.2
2020 120.5 56.7 26.7 15.6 9.4 19.4 10.4 19.2 31.5 381.0
2021 97.7 45.7 17.8 18.7 8.9 21.9 10.8 21.1 37.9 364.1
(b)
2022 97.0 57.5 23.5 18.2 13.7 15.1 22.3 20.5 43.7 425.4
Passenger km. mn
2017 9,256.7 5,527.0 2,935.5 2,213.1 1,130.6 3,389.6 1,435.6 1,892.0 3,933.1 50,542.4
2018 13,425.0 5,690.0 2,938.0 2,121.0 1,238.0 3,398.0 1,435.0 2,623.0 3,965.0 36,836.0
2019 13,581.0 5,433.0 2,937.8 2,164.9 1,080.2 3,091.5 1,238.4 2,190.2 4,038.6 54,442.8
2020 5,565.0 2,618.6 1,232.1 721.9 432.3 893.9 482.3 888.0 1,457.0 18,547.5
2021 4,102.1 1,920.4 748.1 787.2 372.5 921.8 455.4 887.4 1,591.7 16,292.0
(b)
2022 4,074.0 2,415.0 986.0 764.0 576.0 632.0 939.0 859.0 1,836.0 19,234.0
(a) This figure includes the data related to the inter-provincial permits issued by the National Transport Commission as well. Source: National Transport Commission
(b) Provisional
Motor Vehicles by Province(a) Number

Vehicle Category Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Year 2021(b)
Omnibuses(c) 7,994 2,422 1,795 1,013 567 1,682 736 994 1,675 18,878
Private Coaches(d) 15,663 2,657 3,634 992 727 4,082 1,142 1,082 2,874 32,853
Dual Purpose Vehicles 143,244 41,548 42,012 11,831 15,849 60,852 26,678 19,840 28,948 390,802
Private Cars 335,510 69,002 63,074 8,984 17,098 67,847 27,248 22,064 47,054 657,881
Land Vehicles 13,192 3,686 13,075 18,564 25,662 16,302 12,948 9,524 2,741 115,694
Goods Transport Vehicles 91,129 24,645 22,572 5,560 8,372 35,209 0 10,976 19,015 217,478
Motor Cycles 774,831 190,627 419,384 231,008 292,454 466,704 263,861 136,497 192,930 2,968,296
Threewheelers 297,053 140,183 131,940 23,657 54,005 97,253 477 71,233 123,926 939,727
Others 1,867 465 335 192 235 368 323 399 3 4,187
Total 1,680,483 475,235 697,821 301,801 414,969 750,299 333,413 272,609 419,166 5,345,796
Year 2022(e)
Omnibuses(c) 8,645 2,561 1,949 938 595 1,854 830 1,108 1,814 20,294
Private Coaches(d) 16,537 2,921 3,991 1,231 804 4,417 1,297 1,175 3,216 35,589
Dual Purpose Vehicles 142,525 39,159 41,404 12,259 15,422 60,751 26,481 19,995 28,433 386,429
Private Cars 336,592 67,615 63,416 9,592 16,898 67,804 26,271 22,533 46,246 656,967
Land Vehicles 13,146 3,408 13,365 20,689 25,702 17,191 13,094 10,603 2,861 120,059
Goods Transport Vehicles 85,249 22,560 21,796 5,423 7,413 34,463 0 11,093 18,227 206,224
Motor Cycles 806,309 191,057 431,072 236,552 290,738 472,228 267,070 148,095 197,878 3,040,999
Threewheelers 286,145 129,732 128,895 24,129 51,979 93,902 327 72,003 119,223 906,335
Others 1,843 426 356 208 235 357 33 371 10 3,839
Total 1,696,991 459,439 706,244 311,021 409,786 752,967 335,403 286,976 417,908 5,376,735
(a) Motor Vehicles with valid revenue licenses (d) Other private buses and coaches without route permits Source: Provincial Departments of Motor Traffic
(b) Revised (e) Provisional
(c) Buses owned by SLTB and private buses with route permits
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Port Services
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Vessels Arrived 4,879 4,874 4,697 4,337 4,180 4,073

Colombo 4,329 4,331 4,198 3,806 3,675 3,648
Galle 87 84 43 22 14 7
Trincomalee 233 189 142 135 117 95
Hambantota 230 270 314 374 374 323
Cargo Handled (Loaded and Discharged), MT ’000 93,857 104,934 106,979 102,908 109,369 100,376
Colombo 89,035 100,151 101,926 97,681 103,824 96,170
Galle 712 729 510 404 106 1
Trincomalee 3,897 3,560 3,304 3,072 3,190 2,089
Hambantota 213 494 1,239 1,750 2,249 2,116
Port of Colombo – Cargo Handled, MT ’000 89,035 100,152 101,926 97,681 103,824 96,170
Containerised 79,825 90,016 92,397 88,787 94,595 89,920
Break Bulk 843 692 668 559 858 263
Dry Bulk 2,501 2,825 2,527 2,988 3,141 1,652
Liquid Bulk 5,865 6,618 6,334 5,347 5,230 4,334
Port of Colombo – Container Throughput, TEUs ’000 6,209.1 7,047.5 7,228.3 6,854.8 7,249.4 6,862.2
Domestic (Exports and Imports) 1,383.6 1,343.2 1,273.3 1,089.7 1,199.1 1,030.2
Transhipment 4,741.6 5,602.4 5,802.1 5,613.5 5,850.0 5,635.7
Re-stowing 83.9 101.9 152.9 151.6 200.3 196.3
Revenue (c), Rs. mn 45,740 52,283 54,636 52,657 60,606 99,074
Colombo 41,456 49,606 51,743 50,231 58,715 94,897
Galle 1,388 1,623 1,639 1,376 956 1,470
Trincomalee 1,120 1,054 1,254 1,051 936 2,707
Hambantota 1,776 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
(a) Revised TEUs : Twenty-foot Equivalent container Unit Sources: Sri Lanka Ports Authority
(b) Provisional n.a. - not available Hambantota International Port Group (Pvt) Ltd.
(c) From 2018 onwards total revenue does not include revenue
from the Hambantota Port.
Prices
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Indicators of Price Level
Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI) (2013 = 100) 119.0 124.1 129.5 135.4 143.4 209.9
Sub Indices Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 127.5 131.8 132.8 147.9 165.2 272.2
Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels 110.2 111.4 115.5 117.8 119.3 139.9
Transport 96.9 105.8 112.4 117.2 125.1 252.3
Communication 119.8 118.0 108.9 97.3 97.3 109.3
Health 144.2 158.2 175.9 173.9 183.5 228.7
Clothing and Footwear 126.3 134.9 145.5 153.2 163.4 239.4
CCPI Core(b) 122.8 127.1 134.2 138.3 144.3 194.3
National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) (2013 = 100) 122.6 125.2 129.6 137.6 147.2 221.5
Sub Indices : Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 127.0 126.8 127.6 143.1 159.2 255.6
Transport 103.3 112.0 116.4 119.3 127.9 229.6
Communication 121.2 119.7 110.3 98.9 98.9 111.9
Health 140.7 151.3 162.3 162.2 169.3 222.7
NCPI Core(c) 122.8 125.8 133.0 138.5 146.1 210.3
Producer Price Index (2013 Q4 = 100) 125.3 133.2 137.1 145.0 - -

Producer Price Index (2018 Q4 =100) - - 105.5 111.6 123.7 215.2
Implicit GDP Deflator (1996 = 100) 477.2 497.7 517.0 533.9(d) 579.2(a)(d) 862.2
Cost of Construction Index (1990 =100) 677.0 706.0 738.1 761.1 851.3 1,434.6
(Continued…)
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Prices (Contd.)
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Price Changes (Annual average). %
Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI) (2013 = 100) 6.6 4.3 4.3 4.6 6.0 46.4
Sub Indices : Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 9.3 3.3 0.8 11.4 11.7 64.7
Transport 4.3 9.2 6.2 4.3 6.8 101.6
Communication 8.9 -1.5 -7.7 -10.7 0.0 12.3
Health 14.4 9.7 11.2 -1.1 5.5 24.6
CCPI Core(b) 5.9 3.5 5.5 3.1 4.4 34.6
National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) (2013 = 100) 7.7 2.1 3.5 6.2 7.0 50.4
Sub Indices : Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 11.3 -0.2 0.7 12.2 11.2 60.6
Transport 5.9 8.4 4.0 2.4 7.3 79.4
Communication 9.3 -1.3 -7.9 -10.3 0.0 13.1
Health 9.9 7.6 7.3 0.0 4.3 31.6
NCPI Core(c) 4.9 2.4 5.7 4.1 5.5 43.9
Producer Price Index (2013 Q4 = 100) 17.0 6.3 2.9 5.8 - -
Producer Price Index (2018 Q4 = 100) - - - 5.8 10.9 74.0
Implicit GDP Deflator (1996 = 100) 5.5 4.3 3.9 3.3(d) 8.5(a)(d) 48.8
Cost of Construction Index (1990=100) 5.2 4.3 4.5 3.1 11.9 68.5
(a) Provisional Sources: Department of Census and Statistics

(b) Based on CCPI (2013 = 100) Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Based on NCPI (2013 = 100) Construction Industry Development Authority
(d) Revised
Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2022 58.7 52.5 57.8 36.4 50.3 44.1 41.4 49.6 42.6 38.4 42.1 44.8
PMI
Manufacturing
2023 40.8 42.3 51.4 34.7 46.2 47.3 44.6 49.3 - - - -
2022 57.5 51.8 51.3 43.8 42.4 40.3 43.0 51.7 51.2 47.9 49.0 51.6
PMI
Services
2023 50.2 48.7 55.1 49.6 53.5 56.7 59.5 57.6 - - - -
Note: The Index PMI is calculated as a ‘Diffusion Index’, where it takes values between 0 to 100. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
PMI =50; sector remained neutral
PMI >50; sector is generally expanding
PMI <50; sector is generally contracting
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Prices of Selected Food Items Rs. per kg.
Producer Price (Average) Retail Price (Average)

Item All Island All Island Colombo City(a)
2020 2021 2022 (b)
2020 2021 2022 (b)
2020 2021 2022(b)
Rice
Samba 51.66 60.83 113.95 105.25 138.38 217.44 104.19 140.33 219.59
Par-Boiled 49.57 44.81 108.98 97.25 111.99 201.14 98.56 114.61 208.77
Kekulu 49.62 56.39 109.23 94.37 103.30 199.13 96.40 104.28 204.80
Vegetables
Green Beans 127.18 144.39 334.27 225.72 244.29 423.52 230.16 273.82 518.43
Carrot 124.38 126.75 232.75 219.57 226.40 380.48 232.73 235.53 417.06
Leeks 101.36 99.24 162.78 178.65 195.49 298.23 183.65 226.05 328.82
Tomatoes 92.50 120.30 234.61 169.45 198.92 350.64 193.98 216.97 374.12
Ash Plantains 57.49 56.30 85.52 122.03 113.04 161.07 148.69 138.92 189.80
Pumpkin 54.75 65.55 105.21 111.18 128.39 190.25 129.78 147.89 260.39
Bitter Gourd 114.60 176.04 295.70 223.25 259.75 416.35 238.02 267.16 431.96
Brinjals 70.95 114.37 218.52 138.93 186.13 324.83 157.58 202.43 336.08
Leafy Vegetables
Gotukola(c) 74.07 73.61 114.12 30.48 32.73 51.98 31.91 25.26 33.24
Mukunuwenna(c) 62.51 61.29 105.09 31.43 33.56 55.01 38.08 50.79 73.33
Yams
Potatoes 118.13 125.27 250.83 197.62 195.65 334.05 209.49 201.64 349.40
Manioc 61.28 47.42 79.01 103.50 84.11 126.54 106.58 82.50 126.47
Sweet Potatoes 57.36 57.73 99.24 102.05 102.85 164.07 118.91 122.06 185.49
(Continued…)
Prices of Selected Food Items (Contd.)
Rs. per kg.
Producer Price (Average) Retail Price (Average)

Item All Island All Island Colombo City(a)
2020 2021 2022(b) 2020 2021 2022(b) 2020 2021 2022(b)
Green Gram 224.50 477.87 639.85 318.45 678.64 868.99 325.50 747.06 927.35
Dried Chillies 381.02 440.18 1,150.94 525.13 584.87 1,544.79 530.17 573.86 1,545.29
Red Onions 185.71 212.76 287.44 323.74 340.85 434.68 347.90 387.97 458.43
Dhal (Mysore) - - - 181.12 224.73 470.05 174.99 204.15 464.90
Meat and Eggs
Beef - - - 957.61 991.31 1,514.20 1,112.44 1,088.97 1,902.94
Chicken (Broiler – with skin) 406.51 470.23 887.72 460.24 540.89 1,000.79 485.58 518.12 1,053.53
Eggs (Farm) (each) 15.55 14.92 34.40 18.60 17.96 39.52 18.62 17.62 39.39
Sea Fish
Seer (Thora) 861.45 974.57 1,661.41 1,270.52 1,364.37 2,127.81 1,512.12 1,540.14 2,462.75
Trevally (Paraw) 679.40 708.77 1,241.65 880.10 929.16 1,539.45 1,138.97 1,184.93 1,974.12
Skip Jack (Balaya) 443.47 454.78 813.89 619.52 679.05 1,188.40 711.50 802.35 1,503.92
Tuna (Kelawalla) 614.19 671.94 1,264.84 943.02 1,045.97 1,778.40 1,007.71 1,036.45 1,565.10
Sail Fish (Talapath) 794.29 900.60 1,592.30 1,109.22 1,244.21 2,057.13 1,189.09 1,445.66 2,372.55
Dried Fish
Queen Fish (Kattawa) 1,009.85 1,119.01 1,939.84 1,268.25 1,370.94 2,164.55 1,338.63 1,655.56 2,572.55
Skip Jack (Balaya) 534.81 538.71 1,148.94 805.61 840.17 1,469.17 851.64 961.59 1,947.06
Sprats (Halmessa) 515.23 549.81 1,156.22 678.86 643.08 1,409.90 689.38 823.68 1,603.92
(a) Colombo city prices represent average retail prices of Borella market. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional
(c) Producer prices represents price per kg while retail prices are for a bunch.
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Nominal Wage Rate Indices
Nominal Wage Rate Indices(a) 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)

Wage Rate Index for Public Sector Employees (2016 = 100)
All Government Officers 104.9 114.6 114.6 133.1

(4.7) (9.2) (0.0) (16.1)
Senior Level Officers
117.4 131.4 131.4 141.5

(13.5) (11.9) (0.0) (7.7)
Tertiary Level Officers 108.0 121.0 121.0 141.2
(7.7) (12.0) (0.0) (16.7)
Secondary Level Officers 104.0 115.1 115.1 135.4
(4.0) (10.7) (0.0) (17.6)
Primary Level Officers 103.9 108.3 108.3 123.8
(3.9) (4.3) (0.0) (14.3)
Wage Rate Index for Formal Private Sector Employees (1978 Dec. = 100)
4,784.5 4,785.6 9,492.0 10,441.7
Workers in Agriculture (0.8) (0.0) (98.3) (10.0)
3,796.6 3,806.2 4,061.1 4,417.9
Workers in Industry and Commerce (7.1) (0.3) (6.7) (8.8)
2,659.3 2,684.2 2,845.1 3,070.3
Workers in Services (14.1) (0.9) (0.6) (7.9)
4,275.5 4,282.0 7,469.5 8,198.6
Workers in All Wage Boards (2.9) (0.2) (74.4) (9.8)
(Continued...)
Nominal Wage Rate Indices (Contd.)
Nominal Wage Rate Index(a) 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)
Wage Rate Index for Informal Private Sector Employees (2018 = 100) (c)
Informal Private Sector 106.0 112.7 123.1 153.3

- (6.4) (9.2) (24.5)
Agriculture 107.0 111.6 118.4 151.0
- (4.4) (6.1) (27.6)
Paddy 104.9 108.7 115.9 152.8
- (3.7) (6.6) (31.9)
Coconut 105.8 111.7 121.1 156.7
- (5.5) (8.5) (29.3)
Rubber 108.6 115.1 120.6 149.9
- (6.0) (4.8) (24.3)
Tea 110.0 113.5 117.6 142.7
- (3.2) (3.7) (21.3)
Industry 105.9 114.0 127.0 155.5
- (7.7) (11.4) (22.4)
Manufacturing 104.5 110.9 122.4 152.3
- (6.1) (10.4) (24.4)
Construction 106.1 114.6 127.9 156.2
- (8.0) (11.6) (22.1)
Services
104.9 110.8 119.2 150.7
Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motocycles - (5.6) (7.6) (26.4)
104.6 110.5 120.0 147.4
Transport - (5.6) (8.6) (22.8)
104.5 110.2 117.2 151.0
- (5.5) (6.3) (28.9)
(a) The figures in parenthesis indicate annual average percentage changes of indices (b) Provisional Sources: Department of Labour
(c) Informal private sector wage rate index was rebased to 2018 (from 2012) in order to capture the recent changes occurred in the informal private sector wages and the employment Central Bank of Sri Lanka
structure. The Index numbers are calculated using wages data of informal private sector collected through the Country Wide Data Collection System. Base period employment
structure was derived from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey conducted by the DCS in 2018.
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Exports
USD mn Rs. mn
Item
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Agricultural Exports 2,579 2,462 2,336 2,729 2,568 418,865 440,080 433,070 543,083 835,007
Tea 1,428 1,346 1,241 1,324 1,259 231,750 240,637 230,170 263,353 411,092
Rubber 32 24 30 42 41 5,088 4,321 5,579 8,377 12,742
Coconut 311 330 345 425 400 50,465 58,852 63,974 84,674 128,509
Other Agricultural Crops 808 762 720 938 868 131,561 136,270 133,347 186,679 282,664

Industrial Exports 9,258 9,426 7,672 9,702 10,465 1,506,200 1,685,442 1,418,594 1,930,515 3,375,846
Textiles and Garments 5,318 5,596 4,423 5,435 5,952 865,975 1,000,713 817,593 1,081,158 1,922,051
Petroleum Products 622 521 374 506 568 101,467 93,194 68,849 100,975 177,194
Other Industrial Products 3,318 3,309 2,875 3,761 3,945 538,759 591,535 532,152 748,382 1,276,601
Mineral Exports 34 34 25 45 50 5,570 6,063 4,657 8,841 16,465

Unclassified Exports 18 18 14 23 23 2,898 3,212 2,607 4,504 7,595
Total Exports 11,890 11,940 10,047 12,499 13,106 1,933,533 2,134,796 1,858,927 2,486,943 4,234,913

Export Value Index (2010=100) 137.9 138.5 116.5 145.0 152.0 198.3 219.0 190.7 255.1 434.4
Export Volume Index (2010=100) 137.3 147.2 132.9 156.9 163.0 137.3 147.2 132.9 156.9 163.0
Export Unit Value Index (2010=100) 100.4 94.1 87.7 92.4 93.3 144.4 148.8 143.5 162.6 266.5
Terms of Trade (2010=100) 105.6 103.9 106.5 97.4 86.1 105.8 103.9 106.4 97.5 88.7
(a) Provisional Sources: Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and Other Exporters of Petroleum
National Gem and Jewellery Authority
Sri Lanka Customs
Imports
USD mn Rs. mn
Item
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Consumer Goods 4,980 3,957 3,402 3,849 2,813 806,608 707,594 631,052 764,979 872,256
Rice 107 13 11 73 292 16,679 2,293 1,936 14,680 87,423
Flour 3 3 7 5 113 494 490 1,252 1,044 39,003
Sugar 248 200 276 288 256 40,045 35,714 51,146 56,672 82,644
Milk and Milk Products 332 312 334 318 225 54,002 55,647 61,933 63,094 68,332
Intermediate Goods 12,488 11,370 9,077 12,309 12,439 2,027,460 2,032,997 1,681,070 2,447,907 3,934,047
Fertilizer 262 221 259 158 276 42,682 39,570 48,227 31,414 96,506
Fuel 4,152 3,892 2,543 3,743 4,897 674,295 695,727 469,677 743,664 1,551,667
Textiles and Textile Articles 2,859 2,909 2,335 3,067 3,065 465,334 520,335 432,484 610,217 968,598
Wheat and Maize 373 346 384 418 303 60,637 61,887 71,366 83,326 97,065
Investment Goods 4,690 4,603 3,563 4,463 3,030 760,942 822,954 660,212 887,914 928,089
Building Materials 1,525 1,509 1,036 1,249 926 247,730 269,733 191,816 248,519 282,596
Transport Equipment 668 597 348 399 132 108,057 106,528 64,835 79,412 39,173
Machinery and Equipment 2,492 2,490 2,176 2,810 1,969 404,175 445,332 402,967 558,819 605,441
Unclassified Imports 75 8 14 17 9 11,634 1,484 2,583 3,418 2,941
Total Imports 22,233 19,937 16,055 20,637 18,291 3,606,644 3,565,028 2,974,915 4,104,218 5,737,333
Import Value Index (2010=100) 165.8 148.7 119.7 153.9 136.4 237.9 235.2 196.2 270.7 378.5
Import Volume Index (2010=100) 174.3 164.2 145.5 162.2 126.0 174.3 164.2 145.5 162.2 126.0
Import Unit Value Index (2010=100) 95.1 90.5 82.3 94.9 108.3 136.5 143.2 134.9 166.9 300.4
Terms of Trade (2010=100) 105.6 103.9 106.5 97.4 86.1 105.8 103.9 106.4 97.5 88.7
(a) Provisional Sources: Sri Lanka Customs

Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Lanka IOC PLC
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Selected Exports
Item 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Agricultural Commodities
Tea, MT ’000 282 293 266 286 250
Rubber, MT ’000 14 13 16 15 15
Coconut, Mn Nuts(b) 355 768 574 613 687
Minor Agricultural Commodities, MT
Vegetables 25,765 23,957 33,206 21,540 15,835
Fruits 37,363 38,896 38,725 43,426 41,526
Coffee 24 23 27 30 27
Cinnamon 17,860 17,480 19,090 19,195 18,519
Unmanufactured Tobacco 817 805 843 825 839
Cashew nuts 72 56 40 31 68
Betel Leaves 4,009 4,678 3,940 3,834 3,908
Selected Other Commodities

Mineral Exports(c), MT 3,298 2,605 1,915 2,729 2,550
Gems, ’000 Carats 8,190 8,306 2,697 5,364 4,885
(a) Provisional Sources: National Gem and Jewellery Authority

(b) Nut equivalent of copra, oil and desiccated coconut Sri Lanka Customs
(c) Graphite only Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Selected Imports
Item Unit 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Rice MT ’000 249 24 16 147 783

Wheat Grain MT ’000 1,297 1,159 1,404 1,307 583
Sugar MT ’000 645 556 683 582 460
Milk and Milk Products(b) MT ’000 105 99 102 88 54
Infant Milk Products MT 1,873 2,040 1,697 2,366 1,377
Fish – Dried(c) MT ’000 35 38 45 35 32
– Other MT ’000 49 58 40 21 10
Pharmaceutical Products MT ’000 116 176 156 237 99
Fertilizer MT ’000 861 707 952 412 363
Crude Oil MT ’000 1,674 1,842 1,667 1,182 649
Cement MT ’000 5,114 4,724 3,252 2,732 1,410
Motor Vehicles(d) No. 86,497 36,617 16,405 2,281 630
Motor Cycles No. 354,998 266,659 71,306 1,861 3,762
Tractors No. 6,992 5,132 6,560 13,520 4,083
(a) Provisional Sources: Sri Lanka Customs

(b) Including milk powder, cheese and butter Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Including maldive fish, sprats and smoked fish
(d) Including motor cars, vans, lorries and buses
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Tourism
Item 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Tourist Arrivals 2,333,796 1,913,702 507,704 194,495 719,978

Excursionist Arrivals(b) 186,862 113,449 32,215 600 38,811
Tourist Guest Nights, ’000 25,205 19,902 4,315 2,937 6,725
Hotels(c), No. 2,312 2,529 3,019 3,657 3,829
Rooms(c), No. 38,214 40,365 42,750 47,337 48,120
Room Occupancy Rate(d), % 72.8 57.1 15.0 18.6(e) 30.4
Gross Tourist Receipts, Rs. mn 711,961 646,362 124,189 101,903 338,052
USD mn 4,381 3,607 682 507 1,136
388,487 402,607 347,751 357,927 386,236
Total Employment (f)
169,003 173,592 175,990 177,476 190,521

Direct Employment(f)
219,484 229,015 171,761 180,451(g) 195,715
Indirect Employment (f)
(a) Provisional Sources: Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority

(b) Refers to those who spend less than 24 hours in the country Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Graded and Supplementary Establishments only
(d) Graded Establishments only
(e) In Level 1 / Level 2 and other safe and secure Hotels
(f) Estimates
(g) The indirect employment is calculated based on the findings of a post COVID rapid assessment which was
conducted to assess the vulnerability faced by individuals and businesses engaged in the tourism sector
Balance of Payments(a)
USD mn Rs. mn
Item
2021(b) 2022(c) 2020(b) 2021(c)
Current Account (net) -3,284 -1,453 -656,314 -316,154

Trade Balance -8,139 -5,185 -1,617,274 -1,502,420
Services (net) 1,586 2,110 316,424 644,934
Primary Income (net) -1,959 -1,874 -390,158 -618,071
Secondary Income (net) 5,228 3,496 1,034,694 1,159,404
Capital Account (net) 25 19 5,009 6,123
Current and Capital Account -3,259 -1,433 -651,305 -310,030
Financial Account (net) -4,211 -1,946 -844,973 -538,153
Net Acquisition of Assets -2,113 84 -417,001 123,226
Net Incurrence of Liabilities 2,098 2,030 427,972 661,378
Net Errors and Omissions -952 -513 -193,669 -228,122
Overall Balance -3,967 -2,806 -745,312 -1,087,831
Ratio to GDP in Percentages(d)
Trade Balance -9.2 -6.7
Goods and Services -7.4 -4.0
Current Account -3.7 -1.9
Current and Capital Account -3.7 -1.9
Total External Assets 6,122 5,874 1,227,170 2,132,705
Total External Assets in Months of Imports
Merchandise Imports 3.6 3.9
Merchandise and Services Imports 3.4 3.7
(a) The classification used in this table follows the Balance of Payments Manual 6 th edition (2009) of the IMF Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Revised (c) Provisional
(d) Rebased GDP estimates (base year 2015) of the Department of Census and Statistics have been used.
Ratios calculated in rupee values and USD values differ due to variations in exchange rates during the year.
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Net Receipts of Foreign Assistance Rs. mn
Item 2018 2019 2020 2021 (a)(b)

2022(c)(d)
Net Receipts to Government 497,451 508,947 -135,199 -3,443 409,127

Foreign Loans 494,022 504,467 -141,972 -7,318 405,664
ADB 32,517 11,879 15,144 72,079 149,473
China(e)(f) 196,246 76,318 99,721 105,457 -45,961
IDA 1,914 -2,654 16,561 23,908 -41,262
India(g) -5,989 -9,788 -7,365 -1,257 302,041
Japan -5,431 -2,679 -9,706 -14,338 2,185
Other(h) 274,765 431,391 -256,327 -193,167 39,188
Foreign Grants 3,430 4,480 6,773 3,875 3,463
ADB - 3 2,277 1,180 258
Germany - - - - 529
Japan 2,263 1,666 1,651 - -
United Nations 523 321 2,087 841 0
USA 453 1,946 - 0 0
Other 191 544 758 1,854 2,676
(a) Revised Sources: Ministry of Finance, Economic

(b) Based on CS-DRMS reports for end 2021 downloaded on 09.03.2023 Stabilisation and National Policies
(c) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(d) Based on CS-DRMS reports for end 2022 downloaded on 10.03.2023
(e) Includes net receipts from China for State Owned Business Enterprises (SOBEs) w.e.f. from 31.12.2022
(f) Includes Net Receipts of People’s Republic of China, TLF China Development Bank, Export-Import Bank of
China, China Development Bank Corporation and HSBC Limited (Hongkong)-China
(g) Includes Net Receipts of Government of India, State Bank of India and Export Import Bank of India
(h) Excludes SLDBs and includes ISBs held by both resident and non resident investors
Exchange Rates(a) (End of Period) Sri Lanka Rupees per unit of foreign currency
Country Currency 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Asian Countries
China Yuan 23.4548 26.5683 26.0127 28.5858 31.4362 52.1878
Hong Kong Dollar 19.5511 23.3369 23.3259 24.0458 25.7024 46.5720
India Rupee 2.3854 2.6132 2.5467 2.5467 2.6935 4.3861
Indonesia Rupiah 0.0113 0.0126 0.0131 0.0133 0.0140 0.0232
Korea Won 0.1432 0.1644 0.1569 0.1719 0.1686 0.2876
Pakistan Rupee 1.3808 1.3063 1.1728 1.1614 1.1245 1.6017
Philippines Peso 3.0583 3.4796 3.5846 3.8819 3.9332 6.5158
Singapore Dollar 114.3224 133.8092 134.8484 141.0634 148.3212 270.0506
Thailand Baht 4.6759 5.6179 6.0900 6.2344 6.0172 10.5082

Middle East Countries
Kuwait Dinar 505.9239 601.3686 599.1358 612.8825 662.5473 1,186.1301
Saudi Arabia Riyal 40.7586 48.7054 48.4189 49.7016 53.3864 96.5782
United Arab Emirates Dirham 41.6147 49.7529 49.4491 50.7489 54.5688 98.8700
Industrial Countries
Australia Dollar 119.1045 128.8661 127.2528 143.6648 145.3546 245.6076
Canada Dollar 121.6077 134.0792 139.2098 146.3517 157.2338 267.9482
Japan Yen 1.3559 1.6547 1.6717 1.8081 1.7415 2.7385
United Kingdom Pound sterling 205.5362 231.8639 238.4582 254.3540 270.5957 437.3478
United States of America Dollar 152.8548 182.7499 181.6340 186.4082 200.4338 363.1100
International Monetary Fund SDR 217.6860 253.5110 251.1689 268.4781 280.5251 483.2413
European Monetary Union Euro 182.4857 208.9928 203.6662 229.4219 226.8610 386.9300
(a) Rates announced by the Central Bank for its transactions Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
83
84
Balance of Payments (% of GDP)
30
25
20
15
Per cent
10
-5
(a)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
- 10
Current Account Balance Overall Balance Exports Imports
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)

Exports 12.4 11.7 12.0 12.5 13.4 11.9 14.1 17.0
Imports 22.2 21.8 22.2 23.5 22.4 19.0 23.3 23.7
Current Account Balance -2.2 -2.0 -2.4 -3.0 -2.1 -1.4 -3.7 -1.9
Overall Balance -1.7 -0.6 2.2 -1.2 0.4 -2.8 -4.5 -3.6
(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Note: 2015 onwards figures are based on new 2015 base year GDP series.
Government Fiscal Operations
Rs. mn
Item 2019 (a)

2020 2021 2022 (b)
Total Revenue and Grants 1,898,808 1,373,308 1,463,810 2,012,589

Total Revenue 1,890,899 1,367,960 1,457,071 1,979,184
Tax 1,734,925 1,216,542 1,298,019 1,751,132
Non-Tax 155,974 151,417 159,052 228,052
Grants 7,909 5,348 6,740 33,405
Expenditure and Net Lending 3,337,896 3,040,996 3,521,735 4,472,556
Recurrent Expenditure 2,424,582 2,548,359 2,747,512 3,519,633
Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 913,314 492,638 774,223 952,923
Current Account Balance [Surplus (+) / Deficit (-)] -533,683 -1,180,399 -1,290,441 -1,540,448
Primary Balance [Surplus (+) / Deficit (-)] -537,736 -687,386 -1,009,542 -894,777
Overall Fiscal Balance [Surplus (+) / Deficit (-)] -1,439,088 -1,667,688 -2,057,925 -2,459,967
Financing of Budget Deficit 1,439,088 1,667,688 2,057,925 2,459,967
Foreign Financing (Net) 542,641 -83,199 -13,901 424,822
Domestic Financing (Net) 896,448 1,750,887 2,071,826 2,035,145
Outstanding Debt Operations(c)(d) 13,031,543 15,117,247 17,614,181 27,492,031
Domestic(e)(f) 6,830,260 9,065,068 11,097,223 15,033,876
Foreign(g)(h) 6,201,283 6,052,179 6,516,958 12,458,155
(a) According to the Ministry of Finance, the fiscal sector statistics of 2019 have been restated as announced in the Budget Speech (e) Excludes Treasury bonds held by non resident investors and includes Government Treasury bonds of Rs. 78,441 million issued for CPC in January
for 2020. 2012, of which Rs. 21,778 million matured on 01 January 2017 and Rs. 25,217 million matured on 01st January 2022 and the current outstanding
(b) Provisional is Rs. 31,446 million.
(c) As per the guidelines of compiling government debt statistics in the Manual of Government Finance Statistics published by the IMF (f) Includes outstanding balance of the government guaranteed foreign currency debt of the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation that was absorbed into
in 2014, non resident holdings of outstanding SLDBs have been classified under foreign debt and resident holdings of outstanding central government debt w.e.f. December 2022, which amounted to Rs. 884,093.4 million.
ISBs of the Sri Lankan Government have been classified under domestic debt from 2019 onwards. (g) Foreign loan debt statistics and classification of foreign debt for 2021 and 2022 are prepared based on the data sourced from the Commonwealth
(d) The outstanding central government debt excludes several debt service payments that became overdue after 12th April 2022, Secretariat Debt Recording and Management System (CS-DRMS) maintained by the Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation and National Policies,
the date of which the Interim Policy regarding the servicing of Sri Lanka’s external public debt was announced by the Ministry and extracted on 09th and 10th March 2023.
of Finance, Economic Stabilisation and National Policies. These debt service payments comprise of overdue interest payments (h) From December 2022 onwards, several outstanding project loans which were previously classified under Ceylon Electricity Board, Airport and Aviation
of affected debt which deemed to be capitalised as per the Interim Policy, and several overdue interest payments in relation Services Ltd. and Sri Lanka Ports Authority were absorbed into central government debt.
to SLDBs. Sources: Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation and National Policies
85
86
Government Revenue and Expenditure Rs. mn
Item 2019 (a)

2020 2021 2022 (b)
Revenue 1,890,899 1,367,960 1,457,071 1,979,184

Tax Revenue 1,734,925 1,216,542 1,298,019 1,751,132
Taxes on Foreign Trade 280,965 312,334 277,275 273,926
Imports 98,427 114,183 64,339 50,009
PAL / RIDL / SCL / Other(c) 182,538 198,151 212,935 223,917
Taxes on Domestic Goods and Services 843,355 555,718 629,812 857,459
VAT 443,877 233,786 308,213 463,072
Excise Tax 399,478 321,932 306,861 342,523
Licence Fees n.a. n.a. 14,738 51,864
Taxes on Net Income and Profits 427,700 268,249 302,115 534,021
Corporate 261,089(d) 214,819(d) 252,673 464,443
Personal and Other 166,611 53,430 49,442 69,578
Stamp Duty / Cess Levy / SRL / NBT / TL / NSL(e) 182,904 80,241 88,817 85,726
Non-Tax Revenue 155,974 151,417 159,052 228,052
Expenditure and Net Lending 3,337,896 3,040,996 3,521,735 4,472,556
Recurrent Expenditure 2,424,582 2,548,359 2,747,512 3,519,633
Expenditure on Goods and Services 848,278 974,351 1,014,612 1,139,066
Interest Payments 901,353 980,302 1,048,382 1,565,190
Transfer payments 551,524 717,133 684,518 815,376
Capital Expenditure 619,069 795,368 767,606 715,429
Acquisition of Fixed Assets 385,366 483,543 438,753 445,521
Capital Transfers 239,688 307,917 326,578 268,601
Other -5,985 3,907 2,275 1,308
Lending Minus Repayments -4,933 -3,552 6,617 237,495
(a) According to the Ministry of Finance, the fiscal sector statistics of 2019 have been restated as announced in the Budget Speech for 2020. Source: Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation
(b) Provisional and National Policies
(c) Ports and Airports Development Levy (PAL), Regional Infrastructure Development Levy (RIDL) and Special Commodity Levy (SCL)
(d) Includes Capital Gain Tax (CGT)
(e) Social Responsibility Levy (SRL), Nation Building Tax (NBT), Telecommunications Levy (TL) and National Security Levy (NSL)
n.a. - not available
Fiscal Operations (% of GDP)
25
15
Per cent
-5
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)

-15
Current Account Balance Primary Balance Overall Fiscal Balance
Revenue and Grants Recurrent Expenditure Capital Expenditure and Net Lending
Fiscal Operations 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Revenue and Grants 12.6 13.2 12.8 12.6 11.9 8.8 8.3 8.3
Recurrent Expenditure 14.7 13.7 13.4 13.6 15.2 16.3 15.6 14.6
Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 5.1 4.5 4.5 3.9 5.7 3.1 4.4 3.9
Current Account Balance -2.1 -0.6 -0.7 -1.1 -3.4 -7.5 -7.3 -6.4
Primary Balance -2.8 -0.2 0.01 0.6 -3.4 -4.4 -5.7 -3.7
Overall Fiscal Balance -7.2 -5.0 -5.1 -5.0 -9.0 -10.6 -11.7 -10.2
Note : Rebased GPD estimates (base year 2015) of the Department of Census and Statistics have been used. Source: Ministry of Finance, Economic
(a) Provisional Stabilisation and National Policies
87
88
Central Government Domestic Debt
Rs. mn
Item 2018 2019(a) 2020(a) 2021(a) 2022(a)(b)(c)
By Instruments
Rupee Loans 24,088 24,088 24,088 24,088 24,088
Treasury Bills (d) 746,887 873,943 1,620,705 2,270,508 4,113,907
Treasury Bonds (e) 4,197,323 4,606,232 5,713,300 6,966,218 8,709,057
Sri Lanka Development Bonds (f) 614,219 559,284 486,870 455,203 382,092
International Sovereign Bonds (f)(g) n.a. 202,099 415,756 372,612 635,443
Central Bank Advances 198,633 236,609 153,079 150,129 235,639
Other (h) 289,851 328,006 651,269 858,466 933,651
By Ownership (i)
Banking Sector (Excluding Licensed Specialised Banks) 2,171,879 2,737,223 4,542,155 5,247,919 8,525,718
Central Bank 244,129 310,909 876,818 1,565,494 2,833,607
Commercial Banks 1,927,750 2,426,313 3,665,337 3,682,425 5,692,111
Non-Bank Sector 3,466,671 3,825,703 4,210,099 4,822,098 6,164,063
Licensed Specialised Banks 410,401 537,175 707,538 807,352 821,593
Licensed Finance Companies 27,633 24,807 12,821 20,401 58,297
Corporations (j) 102,684 90,438 60,592 86,324 393,536
Insurance companies 191,431 198,018 215,737 267,738 373,766
Superannuation Funds (k) 2,501,306 2,751,295 2,998,034 3,378,200 3,953,808
Government Institutes, Funds and State Owned Enterprises (l) 152,527 155,808 132,340 170,757 240,282
Local Individual 34,942 28,086 27,046 37,567 255,521
Other (m) 45,748 40,076 55,992 53,759 67,260
Repurchase Transaction allocations (n) 432,451 267,334 312,814 1,027,207 344,096
Total 6,071,001 6,830,260 9,065,068 11,097,223 15,033,876
(a) As per the guidelines of compiling government debt statistics in the Manual of Government Finance Statistics published by the IMF in 2014, these debt service payments in the debt recording systems is not yet finalised.
non resident holdings of outstanding SLDBs have been classified under foreign debt and resident holdings of outstanding ISBs of the Sri Lankan (g) Represents ISB outstanding owned by the Licensed Commercial Banks
Government have been classified under domestic debt from 2019 onwards. (h) Data for 2022 includes outstanding balance of the government guaranteed foreign currency debt of the Ceylon Petroleum
(b) Provisional Corporation that was absorbed into central government debt w.e.f. December 2022, which amounted to Rs. 884,093.4 million
(c) The outstanding central government debt excludes several debt service payments that became overdue after 12 April 2022, the date of which (i) Institution wise classification was revised based on records of the Central Depository System System and the data for 2018-2021
the Interim Policy regarding the servicing of Sri Lanka’s external public debt was announced by the Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation have been revised accordingly.
and National Policies. These debt service payments comprise of overdue interest payments of affected debt which deemed to be capitalised as (j) Includes the holdings of Standalone Primary Dealers, leasing companies, private companies, mutual funds, etc.
per the Interim Policy, and several overdue interest payments in relation to SLDBs (k) Includes the holdings of EPF, ETF, pension funds, provident funds, etc.
(d) Excludes outstanding Treasury bills held by non resident investors (l) Includes the holdings of Government authorities, Government departments, Ministries, etc
(e) Excludes Treasury bonds held by non resident investors and includes Government Treasury bonds of Rs. 78,441 million issued for CPC in (m) Includes the holdings of societies, clubs, associations, etc.
January 2012, of which Rs. 21,778 million matured on 01 January 2017 and Rs. 25,217 million matured on 01 January 2022 and the current (n) Includes securities holdings under Repurchase agreements for which absolute ownership could not be established
outstanding is Rs. 31,446 million. n.a. - not available
(f) Several interest payments that fell overdue after the debt standstill may not be included in the outstanding balance for 2022 since recording of Sources: Ministry of Finance, Economic Stabilisation and National Policies
Central Government Foreign Debt by Ownership Rs. mn
Item 2018 2019 2020 2021(a)(b) 2022(c)(d)
Multilateral 1,451,443 1,469,867 1,601,482 1,895,340 3,611,552

ADB 785,509 802,047 865,457 1,052,418 2,049,154
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank – 127 1,659 6,346 24,535
EIB 31,255 27,509 26,810 23,913 37,055
IBRD 37,008 45,769 56,757 104,444 317,507
IDA 548,283 541,074 593,238 645,476 1,076,448
IFAD 28,251 29,417 32,153 34,186 58,254
Nordic Development Fund 3,741 3,480 3,722 3,472 5,566
OPEC Fund for International Development 17,398 20,443 21,686 25,085 43,035
Bilateral & Financial Markets 4,508,104 4,731,416 4,450,698 4,621,618 8,846,603
Canada 5,230 4,854 4,502 4,212 6,634
China(e) 725,730 796,919 932,681 1,139,972 2,506,020
France(f) 32,264 34,202 38,584 43,178 79,751
Germany 46,937 43,113 45,091 41,878 71,427
India 166,915 156,077 154,512 166,031 625,004
Japan 613,656 617,973 659,260 621,587 977,336
Kuwait 12,124 13,146 14,866 18,565 34,761
Riggs National Bank 2,262 1,986 1,767 1,605 2,730
Saudi Arabian Fund 21,752 23,725 24,085 27,426 50,493
USA 28,910 24,381 20,632 17,808 30,837
Other(g)(h)(i) 2,852,323 3,015,041 2,554,718 2,539,356 4,461,611
Total 5,959,547 6,201,283 6,052,179 6,516,958 12,458,155
(a) Revised (g) Includes rupee denominated Treasury bonds and Treasury bills held by non-resident Sources: Ministry of Finance, Economic
(b) Based on CS-DRMS reports for end 2021 downloaded on 09.03.2023 investors Stabilisation and National Policies
(c) Provisional (h) 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 values include Sri Lanka Development Bonds Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(d) Based on CS-DRMS reports for end 2022 downloaded on 10.03.2023 held by non-resident investors and excludes International Sovereign Bonds held by
(e) Includes Outstanding loans of Export-Import Bank of China, People’s Republic of China, China Development resident investors
Bank Corporation, HSBC Limited (Hongkong)-China and TLF China Development Bank. the loans of Export- (i) The arrears interest payments for Sri Lanka Development Bonds and International
Import Bank of China Includes outstanding loans of projects under State Owned Business Enterprises Sovereign Bonds as of 31.12.2022 are not included
(SOBEs) w.e.f. 31.12.2022
(f) Includes loans from financial institutions of France

89
90
Monetary Developments
Rs. mn
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
Reserve Money 939,793 961,096 932,604 964,440 1,305,809 1,349,389

Narrow Money (M1) 793,299 830,793 865,467 1,177,150 1,459,895 1,453,597
Currency 439,396 473,066 494,208 641,010 784,450 742,042
Demand Deposits 353,903 357,727 371,259 536,140 675,446 711,555
Time and Savings Deposits (TSD) (b)
5,514,762 6,297,503 6,758,654 8,228,584 9,187,413 10,836,040
Domestic Banking Units 5,298,564 6,071,118 6,517,917 7,911,168 8,918,875 10,368,583
Offshore Banking Units 216,198 226,386 240,737 317,416 268,538 467,456
Broad Money (M2) 5,665,313 6,427,330 6,912,710 8,495,788 9,638,905 10,497,052
Time and Savings Deposits(b) 4,872,014 5,596,536 6,047,243 7,318,638 8,179,010 9,043,455
Broad Money (M2b) (M1 + TSD) 6,308,062 7,128,297 7,624,121 9,405,734 10,647,309 12,289,637
Underlying Factors in M2b
7,504,715 8,833,442 9,410,739 11,721,173 14,001,951 16,632,273
Domestic Credit
Claims on Government (Net) 2,168,517 2,516,711 2,795,927 4,548,061 5,832,420 7,471,108
Credit to Public Corporations/SOBEs 536,982 755,380 817,953 1,002,174 1,188,103 1,747,033
Credit to Private Sector 4,799,215 5,561,351 5,796,859 6,170,937 6,981,428 7,414,131
Net Foreign Assets 121,538 (67,007) 100,702 (209,468) (981,976) (1,766,813)
Monetary Authorities 846,139 750,541 895,997 526,779 (387,263) (1,613,861)
Commercial Banks (724,601) (817,548) (795,296) (736,247) (594,713) (152,952)
Net Other Items (1,318,191) (1,638,139) (1,887,320) (2,105,970) (2,372,666) (2,575,823)
Currency / M2b , % 7.0 6.6 6.5 6.8 7.4 6.0
Income Velocity of Money(c) 2.43 2.27 2.16 1.84 1.73 2.05
Money Multiplier (M2b / Reserve Money) 6.71 7.42 8.18 9.75 8.15 9.11
(a) Provisional
Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Previously known as Quasi Money
(c) Rebased GDP estimates (base year 2015) of the Department of Census and Statistics have been used.
Growth of Money Supply
40
30 Monetary Aggregates (Growth)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)

20
Per cent
Narrow Money (M1) 2.1 4.7 4.2 36.0 24.0 -0.4

10
Broad Money (M2) 17.5 13.5 7.6 22.9 13.5 8.9
Broad Money (M2b) 16.7 13.0 7.0 23.4 13.2 15.4

0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a) Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(a) Provisional
-10
Narrow Money M1
Broad Money M2
Broad Money M2b
91
92
Money Market Operations Rs. mn
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Call Money : Total Lending / Borrowing 3,900,444 4,196,244 4,775,160 3,234,306 7,934,900 3,746,075
Primary Treasury bill Market
Amount Issued / Sold 1,624,266 1,653,259 1,719,327 2,590,539 3,821,419 9,942,826
Purchased by – Central Bank 513,092 724,051 631,653 1,229,787 1,923,113 6,063,761
Others 1,111,174 929,208 1,087,674 1,360,752 1,898,306 3,879,065
Total Outstanding (year end) 724,706 758,796 897,670 1,621,375 2,270,712 4,126,384
Central Bank Secondary Treasury bill bonds Market
Repo Transactions 3,327,692 1,530,256 1,091,644 354,108 1,665,700 1,555,250
Reverse Repo Transactions 1,049,615 3,385,716 3,028,593 692,267 203,500 1,189,500
Other : Outright Sales (T-bills) 110,325 63,725 - - 14,350 23,530
Outright Purchases (T-bills) - 40,497 41,772 - - -
Outright Sales (T-bonds) - - - - - -
Outright Purchases (T-bonds) - - 47,694,000 21,703 - -
Standing Deposit Facility 3,954,870 4,502,900 7,488,642 32,809,421 29,450,300 54,528,340
Certificates of Deposits (year end) -
Treasury bonds
Primary Market Issues 548,815 763,020 798,000 1,332,069 1,761,979 2,373,045
Outstanding (year end) (a) 4,187,467 4,344,238 4,686,526 5,719,504 6,967,928 8,722,135
Central Bank’s Reverse Repo Transactions
Central Bank Securities
Issues - - - - - -
Outstanding (year end) - - - - - -
Market Repo Transactions(b) 4,205,574 2,761,231 3,456,394 3,151,250 3,532,480 1,568,255
Commercial Papers
Issues 6,512 1,858 3,361 4,525 5,769 2,001
Outstanding (year end) 751 156 443 1,518 1,053 150
(b) From 2nd January 2014 Standing Repurchase facility was renamed as Standing Deposit Facility and from 3rd February 2014, it was made uncollateralized.
(c) Excludes government bonds of Rs.4,397 million issued to CWE in 2003, Rs.78,441 million issued to CPC in January 2012 and Rs. 13,125 million issued to Sri Lankan Airlines in March 2013.
(d) Overnight (It covers only Licensed Commercial Banks and Primary Dealers.
(e) Revised
Interest Rates
Per cent per annum
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Domestic Interest Rates (year end)

Central Bank Advance Rate (Bank Rate)(a) 15.00 15.00 15.00 8.50 9.00 30.22
Inter-bank Call Rate 8.10–8.25 8.90–9.00 7.40-7.55 4.53-4.55 5.88-6.00 15.50-15.50
SLIBOR (Overnight)(b) 8.15 9.00 7.51 5.53 - -
Treasury bill Yield Rates – Year End(c)(d)
Primary Market – 3 Months 7.69 10.01 7.51 4.67 8.16 32.64
6 Months 8.30 9.99 8.02 4.78 8.33 32.20
12 Months 8.90 11.20 8.45 5.03 8.24 29.27
Standing Deposit Facility Rate 7.25 8.00 7.00 4.50 5.00 14.50
Standing Lending Facility Rate 8.75 9.00 8.00 5.50 6.00 15.50
Treasury bonds, Yield to Maturity
2 Years 9.83 - 9.79 5.65 9.16 33.01
3 Years 9.55 11.88 9.65 5.99 9.70 31.36
4 Years 11.14 - - 6.32 8.55 -
Commercial Banks Deposit Rates
AWDR 9.07 8.81 8.20 5.80 4.94 14.06
Fixed Deposits – 3 Months 4.00–12.75 4.00–13.80 2.50–11.75 0.15-8.33 0.08-8.25 4.00–30.00
6 Months 4.00–13.50 4.50–14.00 3.05–12.00 0.20-11.30 0.01-8.00 4.25–28.50
12 Months 4.89–15.00 4.53–15.00 3.55–15.00 0.25-15.00 0.15-15.00 4.50–30.00
NSB Deposits Rates
Savings Deposits 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.50 3.50 3.00
Fixed Deposits – 12 Months 11.00 10.50 9.83 5.25 5.50 12.00
Commercial Banks Lending Rates
AWPR (Monthly) 11.33 11.94 10.00 5.74 8.33 28.19
Loans Secured by Government Securities 8.00–16.00 8.00–16.00 9.00–15.00 4.69-13.00 3.66-14.95 22.00-33.00
Unsecured Loans 4.07–36.87 3.50–29.00 6.75–28.00 4.00-28.00 3.03-28.00 6.00-39.41
LIBOR on USD Deposits (Average)
3 Months 1.26 2.31 2.33 0.65 0.16 2.43
6 Months 1.48 2.49 2.32 0.69 0.20 2.90
12 Months 1.79 2.76 2.37 0.77 0.30 3.40
(a) The rate at which the Central Bank grants advances to banking institutions as the lender of last resort . Sources: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) The compilation and publication of SLIBOR was discontinued with effect from 1 st July 2020. Reuters
(c) Issued through auctions
(d) Based on the settlement date
93
94
Selected Interest Rates
35.0
30.0
Treasury bill Yields - 3 Months
AWPR
25.0
AWDR
20.0
Per cent
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Bank Branch Network
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Licensed Commercial Bank Branches(c) 2,855 2,877 2,907 2,915 2,919 2,925
Domestic Bank Branches 2,803 2,826 2,857 2,869 2,874 2,879
Foreign Bank Branches 52 51 50 46 45 46
Licensed Specialised Banks Branches(c) 691 696 700 704 705 706
Total Bank Branches 3,546 3,573 3,607 3,619 3,624 3,631
No. of Licensed Commercial Banks 25 26 26 24 24 24
Domestic Banks 13 13 13 13 13 13
Foreign Banks 12 13 13 11 11 11
No. of Licensed Specialised Banks 7 7 6 6 6 6
Total No. of Licensed Banks 32 33 32 30 30 30
(a) Revised Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(b) Provisional
(c) Includes Main Branches and Other Banking Outlets except Student Savings Units
95
96
Operations of Commercial Banks(a) Rs. mn
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)
Assets 7,824,839 9,045,664 9,741,099 11,725,438 13,327,430 15,884,345

Cash in Hand 158,658 167,876 183,759 193,798 220,649 284,525
Deposits with Central Bank 341,828 336,267 280,549 290,369 398,543 630,941
Foreign Currency in Hand and due from Banks Abroad 525,901 772,110 497,961 702,852 663,891 1,131,213
Due from Domestic Banks 78,804 78,638 87,748 83,792 123,414 139,330
Cash Items in Process of Collection 24,048 28,255 31,687 30,663 35,538 32,728
Investments 1,567,654 1,566,548 1,921,778 2,878,921 2,779,151 3,845,386
Commercial Bills 24,711 33,585 26,885 27,418 29,701 34,252
Overdrafts 864,011 1,037,776 996,307 1,077,666 1,543,965 921,837
Loans 4,002,056 4,684,393 4,991,760 5,660,472 6,634,345 7,441,119
Liabilities 7,824,839 9,045,664 9,741,099 11,725,438 13,327,430 15,884,345
Capital(c) 850,931 1,002,594 1,126,850 1,258,773 1,452,953 1,785,317
Demand Deposits 425,822 461,547 442,407 624,017 771,716 848,973
Time and Savings Deposits 5,566,871 6,432,666 6,902,028 8,349,268 9,465,164 11,209,876
Borrowings – Domestic Inter-Bank 254,942 268,771 294,479 455,177 550,927 362,071
– Foreign 162,385 173,813 187,305 197,972 159,540 272,432
Liquid Assets 2,216,199 2,389,807 2,365,586 3,421,023 3,475,262 5,167,191
Liquid Assets / Total Deposits, % 37.0 34.7 32.2 38.1 34.0 42.8
Cash in Hand / Total Deposits, % 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4
Loans and Advances / Total Deposits, % 81.6 83.5 81.9 75.4 80.2 69.6
Statutory Reserve Ratio, % 7.50 6.00 5.00 2.00 4.00 4.0
(a) Includes Domestic Banking Units (DBUs) of Commercial Banks only. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional
(c) Paid up, Reserve Funds and Retained Profits.
Licensed Specialised Banks Rs. mn
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(a)
National Savings Bank

Assets 1,011,051 1,046,712 1,168,612 1,378,068 1,601,707 1,643,703
Loans 374,299 427,291 460,164 463,705 551,069 568,541
Investments 553,155 527,488 618,328 824,113 949,427 969,217
Deposits 714,362 813,906 984,583 1,204,972 1,396,423 1,476,740

Regional Development Banks
Assets 174,201 183,022 214,609 235,810 262,686 304,130
Loans 128,344 135,470 141,609 163,674 186,292 209,168
Investments 9,674 13,383 22,676 17,508 22,443 41,938
Deposits 136,582 137,928 145,977 169,265 184,392 201,545

State Mortgage and Investment Bank
Assets 42,488 43,263 47,816 54,069 55,314 58,658
Loans 33,575 34,936 36,736 37,987 39,642 41,138

Other Licensed Specialised Banks(b)
Assets 158,896 173,454 180,288 208,287 230,574 243,213
Loans 113,199 127,531 135,908 153,874 164,334 163,061

(b) Includes Housing Development Finance Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka, Sanasa Development Bank and Sri Lanka Savings Bank (Sri Lanka Savings Bank commenced operations
in March 2008). Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd, which operated as a LSB, was amalgamated with Regional Development Bank/Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank with
effect from 1st April 2019.
97
98
Selected Non-Bank Financial Institutions Rs. mn
Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Licensed Finance Companies, No. 45 43 42 40 39 37

Deposits 686,720 716,848 756,687 748,578 783,286 864,469
Equity 141,628 169,191 187,899 232,630 289,668 363,438
Assets (net) 1,227,491 1,383,742 1,390,747 1,367,948 1,452,034 1,610,187
Co-operative Rural Banks, No. of Banks 2,258 2,284 2,328 2,333 2,342 2,387
Deposits 102,249 124,640 128,779 149,107(c) 183,425 197,248
Loans Outstanding 55,488 72,788 62,331 62,913(c) 65,315 81,832
Thrift and Credit Co-operative Societies(c), No. 8,423 8,423 8,423 8,423 8,423 8,423
Deposits 5,820 12,145 46,042(d) 27,250(d) 25,952 23,897
Loans Granted 15,664 23,256 25,189(d) 16,408(d) 15,626 14,175
Unit Trusts
Net Assets (Rs. bn) 128.0 64.2 104.8 200.9 193.8 149.8
Investments in Shares (Market Value, Rs. bn) 13.0 9.5 9.8 14.1 17.6 11.8
Investments in Government Securities (Rs. bn) 22.5 2.5 4.0 25.3 23.4 84.9
No. of Units in Issues, (mn) 7,638 3,368 4,769 8,014 7,835 6,283
No. of Unit holders 41,037 42,093 46,481 52,402 59,426 67,912
(a) Revised Sources: Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(b) Provisional Department of Co-operative Development
(c) From 2018 onwords only details of Thrift and Credit Co-Operative Societies registered Federation of Thrift & Credit Cooperative
with Federation of Thrift and Credit Co-Operative Societies Ltd. are included. Societies Limited in Sri Lanka
Unit Trust Association of Sri Lanka
Mobilisation of Deposits
Rs. mn Percentage Share
Item
2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b) 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Demand Deposits (Commercial Banks) 543,966 528,752 696,902 889,166 1,060,027 5.95 5.34 5.91 6.69 6.52
Savings Deposits 2,269,487 2,475,910 3,274,510 3,891,888 3,841,017 24.83 25.02 27.76 29.26 23.63
Licensed Commercial Banks 1,909,489 2,055,438 2,785,439 3,324,449 3,357,977 20.90 20.77 23.62 24.99 20.66
Licensed Specialised Banks 261,297 288,689 364,424 418,259 354,980 2.86 2.92 3.09 3.14 2.18
Licensed Finance Companies 34,601 33,528 37,333 38,372 34,261 0.38 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.21
Thrift and Credit Co-operative Societies 12,145 30,924(c) 15,907(c) 15,149(c) 13,634(c) 0.13 0.31 0.13 0.11 0.08
Co-operative Rural Banks 51,955 67,331 71,407(d) 95,659(d) 80,165 0.57 0.68 0.61 0.72 0.49
Time Deposits 6,325,794 6,892,268 7,822,604 8,519,748 11,350,520 69.22 69.64 66.33 64.05 69.84
Licensed Commercial Banks 4,751,133 5,114,557 5,846,390 6,345,869 8,866,469 51.99 51.68 49.57 47.71 54.56
Licensed Specialised Banks 813,792 977,988 1,175,927 1,330,396 1,526,497 8.91 9.88 9.97 10.00 9.39
Licensed Finance Companies 682,247 723,159 711,244 744,913 830,208 4.47 4.31 6.03 5.60 5.11
Thrift and Credit Co-operative Societies 5,937 15,117(c) 11,343(c) 10,803(c) 10,263(c) 0.06 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.06
Co-operative Rural Banks 72,685 61,447 77,700(d) 87,767(d) 117,083 0.80 0.62 0.66 0.66 0.72
Total Deposits(e) 9,139,247 9,896,930 11,794,016 13,300,802 16,251,564 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
(a) Revised (d) As at 31st March Sources: Co-operative Development Department

(b) Provisional (e) Demand, Savings and Time Deposits of all Institutions Sanasa Federation
(c) Comprises only the data of 423 member societies of SANASA Federation Central Bank of Sri Lanka
n.a. - not available
99
100
Share Market Indicators
Item Unit 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)
Turnover Rs. mn 220,591 200,069 171,408 396,882 1,173,157 686,602

Daily Turnover Average Rs. mn 915 834 711 3,217 4,888 2,972
Shares Traded No. mn 8,468 6,001 9,855 21,349 59,772 29,048
Trades No. 981,977 885,657 1,197,205 3,070,021 8,131,508 6,057,233
Listed Companies(c) No. 296 297 289 283 296 290
Foreign Trading (Net) Rs. mn 17,657 (23,247) (11,735) (51,276) (52,649) 30,625
Purchases 112,285 77,067 56,537 52,889 34,016 67,488
Sales 94,627 100,315 68,272 104,165 86,665 36,863
Total Number of Shares Listed(c) mn 92,380 97,854 99,102 94,333 138,188 157,790
Market Capitalisation(c) Rs. bn 2,899.3 2,839.5 2,851.3 2,960.7 5,489.2 3,847.2
New Issues, No. (IPOs) No. 1 2 0 0 13 4
Shares Offered mn 151 170 0 0 977 341
Value(d) Rs. mn 960 1,953 0 0 10,734 4,822
CSE All Share Price Index (1985 = 100) (c)
6,369.3 6,052.4 6,129.2 6,774.2 12,226.0 8,489.7
S & P SL20 Index(c) 3,671.7 3,135.2 2,937.0 2,638.1 4,233.3 2,635.6
Market Price Earning Ratio (PER)(c) 10.6 9.7 10.8 11.3 13.6 5.0
Market Dividend Yield %(c) 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.2 4.1
Market Price to Book Value(c) 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.7 0.9
(a) Revised (d) Par value and premium Source: Colombo Stock Exchange
(b) Provisional IPOs - Initial Public Offerings
(c) As at end of December
ISBN 978-624-5917-33-4
Rs. 50.00
Printed by ANCL Printing Dept

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SRI LANKA

Central Bank of Sri Lanka

ISSN : 1391 - 3557

Mid-Year Population , ’000 (b)

Government Finance Rs. bn % of GDP (c)

40.0 Macroeconomic Indicators

GDP Growth(b) 6.5 2.3 -0.2 -4.6 3.5 -7.8

-20.0 Unemployment Rate(c) 4.2 4.4 4.8 5.5 5.1 4.7

Human Development Index (a)

Life Expectancy, Years (2020)

Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan

8,000 2020 2021

SAARC Afghanistan 5.0 0.6 2.3 5.6 n.a. n.a.

SAARC Afghanistan 2.6 1.2 3.9 -2.4 n.a. n.a.

SAARC Afghanistan 723 875 864 777 1,037 n.a.

SAARC Afghanistan 7,065 7,407 6,777 6,538 5,574 n.a.

Mean Income per Month, Rs.

Total Consumer Expenditure per Month, Rs.

Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series,

Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2019,

Mean Income, Rs. per Month

Median Income, Rs. per Month

Income Share by Households, %

Gini Coefficient (One Month Income)

Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series 2019,

Housing Conditions, % of Households

North North Sabara- Sri

Sources of Energy for Lighting

Sources of Energy for Cooking

Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2019,

Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 and 2019,

Mean Income, Rs. per Month

Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 and 2019,

Household Expenditure Share, %

Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 and 2019,

Housing Conditions, % of Households

Sources of Energy for Lighting

Electricity 98.9 96.7 92.7 96.9 98.9 98.8 97.2 98.8

Sources of Energy for Cooking

Firewood 25.1 76.8 85.8 68.6 17.0 65.0 81.1 57.7

Well-being of the People Sub Index

Item 2017(a) 2018(a) 2019(a) 2020(a) 2021(a) 2022(a)

Mid-Year Population(b), ’000 21,444 21,670 21,803 21,919 22,156 22,181

Population Growth, % 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.1

(a) Provisional Source: Registrar General’s Department

Population Growth (%)

Source: Registrar General’s Department

Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)

Labour Force, ’000 8,567 8,388 8,592 8,467 8,553 8,547

Total Employed, ’000 8,208 8,015 8,181 7,999 8,114 8,148

Total Unemployed, ’000 359 373 411 468 440 399

Public Sector Employees 14.4 14.5 14.9 14.8 15.2 15.1

Item 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)

Unemployment Rate 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022(b)

By Age Groups (Years)

Item 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021(a) 2022(b)

Departures of Sri Lankans

Migrant Employment Categories

by skills (%) – Professional 3.0 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.8 4.6

(including Mobile Broadband Connecons from 2010