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Chemical Bonding - Solution
Chemical Bonding - Solution
Chemical Bonding - Solution
Chemical Bonding
Solutions
1. Answer (B)
All carbon are sp2 hybridised.
2. Answer (B)
(ii) (F) In general as the number of lone pair of electrons on central atom increases, value of bond angle from
normal bond angle decreases due to lp – lp > lp – bp
(iv) (F) Structures of xenon fluorides and xenon oxy fluoride are explained on the basis of VSEPR theory.
3. Answer (D)
Incorrect overlaps (if internulcear axis = Z):
(ii) 2px + 2px -bond;
(iii) 3dxy + 3dxy -bond
(iv) 2s + 2py No bond formation
4. Answer (B)
* Order of size of hybrid orbitals :- sp < sp2 < sp3
* As the % s character increases, the energy of hybrid orbital decreases
5. Answer (C)
sp3d2 – octahedral geometry
6. Answer (C)
Nodal plane of -bond between C3 and C4 lies in yz-plane formed by sideways overlapping of px-orbitals.
7. Answer (A, B, C)
The orbitals involve in hybridization of C(s) carbon atom are s + px + pz.
8. Answer (A, B, C)
A
(i) 3+1 sp3 X X Pyramidal
X
A
(ii) 2+2 sp3 X V-shape/bent
X
(iii) 2+1 sp2 A V-shape/bent
X X
180°
(iv) 2+0 sp Linear
X — A— X
H F
O O
x1 = 1.48 Å x2 = 1.22 Å, x1 > x2
O O
H F
According to Bent’s Rule in O2F2, there is more p-character in O — F bond in comparison to O — H bond
in H2O2; hence s-character in O — O bond is greater in O2F2.
Although both hydration and lattice energies of alkali metal fluorides decrease down the group and hydration
energy dominates over lattice energy, therefore, solubility increases, down the group.
Resonance energy = E0 – E3
Curve -2 represents the most stable state of the system for H2 ion.
Polar
Non-polar
X X X
Te 3 2
Hybridization of Te : sp d spx py pz d x2 y2 d z2
X X X
X
X
M Hybridization of Te : sp3d spx py pzd
X z2
X
F F F Cl
a F c F H3 C e g Cl
F P b H3C P d P F Cl P h
F F H3 C f Cl
F F F Cl
It can be explained on the basis of Bent’s rule. In N2F4, N — N bond has more s-character hence bond length
decreases.
While in N2H4, N — N bond has less s-character (i.e., more p-character), hence bond length is more
Value of cos
Compound, MXn
( = bond angle between equivalent
type (n = 2 or 3 or 4)
hybrid orbitals)
–0.241 close to sp
3
P
R –0.5 sp2
S –0.325 sp3
X Y
D 0 D 0
X Y
D 0 D 0
lone pair x = 2, y = 1, z = 0
x3 + y2 + z = (2)3 + (1)2 + (0) = 9
33. Answer (28)
Compound
SX2 n1 = 2 m1 = 2
PX3 n2 = 3 m2 = 1
SiX4 n3 = 4 m3 = 0
AlX3 n4 = 3 m4 = 0
2 2
2343 12 2
4 16
2 1 3
P = 3, R = 4, Q = 2