GEE GSPS Module #2

Chapter 1: Nature of Gender and Peace in Society

Intended Learning Outcome:

1. Explain the relevance of the Magna Carta for Women, Gender Mainstreaming and Integration of
Peace Studies in the curriculum and industry. (1hr)

A. Magna Carta for Women

What is the Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710)?
The Magna Carta of Women (MCW) is a comprehensive women’s human rights law that
seeks to eliminate discrimination through the recognition, protection, fulfillment, and
promotion of the rights of Filipino women, especially those belonging to the marginalized
sectors of society.
What is discrimination against women?
The Magna Carta of Women defines discrimination against women as:
A. any gender-based distinction, exclusion, or restriction which has the effect or
purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise by
women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men
and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political,
economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field;
B. any act or omission, including by law, policy, administrative measure, or
practice, that directly or indirectly excludes or restricts women in the
recognition and promotion of their rights and their access to and
enjoyment of opportunities, benefits, or privileges;
C. a measure or practice of general application that fails to provide for
mechanisms to offset or address sex or gender-based disadvantages or
limitations of women, as a result of which women are denied or restricted in the
recognition and protection of their rights and in their access to and enjoyment of
opportunities, benefits, or privileges; or women, more than men are shown to
have suffered the greater adverse effects of those measures or practices; and
D. discrimination compounded by or intersecting with other grounds, status,
or condition, such as ethnicity, age, poverty, or religion.

The Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710) defines Gender and Development
Program (GAD) as the development perspective and process that is participatory and
empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights,
supportive of self-determination and actualization of human potential. It seeks to achieve
gender equality as a fundamental value that should be reflected in development choices
and contends that women are active agents of development, not just passive recipients of
development.

GAD focuses on Gender Mainstreaming or a strategy for:

– Making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral
dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of policies,
programs and projects in all social, political, civil, and economic spheres so that women
and men benefit equally; and
– Assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including
legislation, policies or programs in all areas and at all levels.

GEE-GSPS Module 2 Nature of Gender and Peace in Society Martinez, 2024 Page 1 of 5
 E. Gender Main Streaming
- an approach to policy-making that takes into account both women's and men's
interests and concerns.
- concept first introduced at the 1985 Nairobi World Conference on Women. It was
established as a strategy in international gender equality policy through the
Beijing Platform for Action
- adopted at the 1995 Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women in
Beijing, and subsequently adopted as a tool to promote gender equality at all
levels.

In 1998, the Council of Europe defined gender mainstreaming as:

“The (re)organisation, improvement, development and evaluation of policy
processes, so that a gender equality perspective is incorporated in all policies at
all levels and at all stages, by the actors normally involved in policy-making.
Gender mainstreaming means integrating a gender equality perspective at all stages and
levels of policies, programmes and projects. Women and men have different needs and
living conditions and circumstances, including unequal access to and control over power,
resources, human rights and institutions, including the justice system. The situations of
women and men also differ according to country, region, age, ethnic or social origin, or
other factors. The aim of gender mainstreaming is to take into account these
differences when designing, implementing and evaluating policies, programmes
and projects, so that they benefit both women and men and do not increase inequality
but enhance gender equality. Gender mainstreaming aims to solve –sometimes hidden-
gender inequalities. It is therefore a tool for achieving gender equality.

Gender mainstreaming is a strategy to improve the quality of public policies, programmes

and projects, ensuring a more efficient allocation of resources. Better results mean
increased well-being for both women and men, and the creation of a more socially just
and sustainable society.

Gender mainstreaming is a long term strategy that goes hand-in hand with specific
policies for the advancement of women
When properly addressed and implemented, gender mainstreaming is a transformative
approach with a great potential for social change. It is a longterm strategy: every step
counts towards this change of approach, but it will require some time until it is fully and
automatically integrated into policy-making. There is wide consensus about the
effectiveness of a dual approach towards gender equality, combining gender
mainstreaming and specific measures for the advancement of women, to ensure better
policy making and better use of resources. Such dual approach is also implemented in
the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes a stand-alone goal on
gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls (SDG 5), as well as
gender-sensitive targets in other goals.

Executive Order No. 273 – Approving and Adopting the Philippine Plan for
Gender-Responsive Development (PPGD) 1995-2025
Executive Order (EO) 273, issued on September 9, 1995 and signed by President Fidel V. Ramos,
adopted the Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive Development IPPGD) 1995-2025. The PPGD
1995-2025 is a 30 year perspective plan that outlines the policies, strategies, programs and projects
that the government must adopt to enable women to participate in and benefit from national
development while EO 273 directs all government agencies, departments, bureaus, offices and

GEE-GSPS Module 2 Nature of Gender and Peace in Society Martinez, 2024 Page 2 of 5
 instrumentalities, including government owned and controlled corporations, at the national level,
sub-national and local levels to:

F. Peace Studies

Peace Studies, War Studies, and Peace and Conflict Studies

Whereas there have been different approaches to studying peace, contempo- rary
Western peace studies (or irenology, from the Greek "Irene," the goddess of peace)
focuses on the analysis, prevention, de-escalation, and solution of conflicts by
peaceful or nonviolent means, thereby seeking satisfactory outcomes for all
parties involved, rather than winners and losers.

Because peace studies investigates the reasons for and outcomes of large- and
small-scale conflicts, as well as the preconditions for peace, the discipline is also known
as peace and conflict studies (PCS). Its focus allows one to examine not only war but
also the various forms of violence, including structural violence-notably social
oppression, discrimination, exploitation, and marginalization-while also
addressing the effects of political, cultural, and physical violence.

Peace Education

Today, peace education consists of a wide variety of courses and programs aimed at
giving students the tools to reduce violence and oppression. These include nonmilitary
strategies for avoiding bullying and increasing citizen empowerment According to Betty
Reardon, a noted American peace educator, the general purpose of peace education . ..
is the development of an authentic planetary consciousness that will enable us to function
as global citizens and to transform the present human condition by changing the social
structures and patterns of thought that have created it.'

Like her fellow progressive peace educators, Reardon takes "a transformational
approach," aiming not only to inform students but also to shift current conventional
values, thinking, behaviors, and institutions away from violence and toward nonviolent
solutions to interpersonal, social, and political disputes.

References:

Council of Europe [COE]. (2024). What is gender mainstreaming? - Gender Equality. Gender Equality. Retrieved February 28, 2024,
from https://www.coe.int/en/web/genderequality/what-is-gender-mainstreaming

Philippine Commission on Women(PCW). (2023, December 1). Executive Orders - Philippine Commission on Women.
https://pcw.gov.ph/executive-orders/

Philippine Commission for Women [PCW]. (n.d.). Republic Act 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women: Frequently Asked Questions.
pcw.gov.ph. Retrieved February 27, 2024, from
https://pcw.gov.ph/faq-republic-act-9710-the-magna-carta-of-women/#:~:text=The%20Magna%20Carta%20of%20Women%20(MCW
)%20is%20a%20comprehensive%20women's,the%20marginalized%20sectors%20of%20society.

Presidential Communications Office [PCO]. (2009, August 14). REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9710 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE MAGNA
CARTA OF WOMEN. officialgazette.gov.ph. Retrieved February 28, 2024, from
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2009/08/14/republic-act-no-9710/

SAGE Publications Inc. (2022). Peace Studies. Peace Education, and Peace Research. https://us.sagepub.com. Retrieved February
28, 2024, from https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/119885_book_item_119885.pdf

GEE-GSPS Module 2 Nature of Gender and Peace in Society Martinez, 2024 Page 3 of 5
 Performance Task #2:
GEE GSPS x VMGO x ESD x 5S

Name: _____________________________ Date: ____________ Time: ________

To understand how gender discrimination, mainstreaming, and peace studies works, let's take a peek at
real cases from all around us.

Find at least 3 fellow students in the campus, face 2 face it must be from another department and of
different gender. Ask for an interview of the discrimination they faced due to their gender.

1. Please give 3 adjectives that define your gender?

2. Can you share briefly 1 instance where and how you got discriminated against because of your
gender in school, in their home, in the community?
3. If you are to propose specific action/(s) to address or discourage gender discrimination you have
experienced, what would it be? If not, can you recall existing programs or initiatives or practices
that promote gender equality, women empowerment & peace, which you agree on?

● You can find a pair in class to help you do this activity.

● If your interviewee refused to answer the other questions, don’t force them, and find other people
to help you get at least 3 answers per question.
● If the interviewee allows, take a groupie with them for your interview proof.
● Write their answers for each question separately in 1 ⁄ 8 sheet of colored recycled papers. (Yellow
for #1, White for #2, Brown for #3)
● For we will have a follow up activity next meeting, make sure to ready your data by then.

Reflection for Insights:

1. How are these public sentiments reflective of society’s perception on gender roles?
2. What are the most common factors prevalent in the discrimination of gender in the society, based
on the interview in relation to the Magna Carta of Women?
3. Are the mentioned initiatives to drive away discrimination relevant and useful to current gender
mainstreaming policies in the country?
4. How might these real life issues arise from discrimination impacting peace and justice at home?
in the community? at work?

Criteria:

Content Quality & Relevance. -60%

Completeness 30%
Timeliness -10%

Total- 100%
(HPS 50/50)

GEE-GSPS Module 2 Nature of Gender and Peace in Society Martinez, 2024 Page 4 of 5