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Enterprenureship Unit-2
Enterprenureship Unit-2
Introduction:
Teaching-learning Elements
methods
Direct teaching-learning Inviting guest entrepreneurs – Mentoring - Official speech-
methods seminars, Video watching and recording - Training in
extracurricular activities -Training in specialized lessons -
small businesses mentoring –Entrepreneurship tutoring
1. PROJECT METHOD:
Project method of teaching has evolved from the philosophy of pragmatists. It is an
experience centered strategy related to life-situation. This teaching strategy focus on;
To socialize an individual.
To achieve cognitive, affective and psychomotor objectives.
This teaching strategy is based on the following principles:
Principle of Utility: Choose those projects/ new business ventures of business which
are closer to the social life.
Principle of readiness: Involve the learners in finding the solution of the problem
with their active participation.
Learning by Doing: Learner performs certain tasks and experiences new things.
This adds to his knowledge and results in learning.
Socialization: It develops the feeling of cooperation and group work.
Inter-disciplinary Approach: To involve the knowledge of different subjects in
solving the social problems.
Constructive: When learners have to construct some things related to social life.
e.g. charts, models, maps, parcels etc.
Artistic: These projects are generally allotted in the aesthetic fields of life. e.g. in
music, drawing, painting art and culture.
Problem-Solving: These projects are given to solve the problems related to any life-
situation or related to any subject e.g. how to operate bank accounts? Or how to send an
email or letter. These general problems if solved, will make a child efficient for social-
life.
Group-Work: A team of students is assigned a work to be performed. e.g. to develop
a garden in the college (Mini Project venture).
There are four basic elements of this teaching strategy which make it purposeful.
i. Spontaneity,
ii. Purpose,
iii. Significance, and
iv. Interest (Motivation.)
It helps in developing social norms and social values among the learners.
It provides invaluable opportunities for correlation of various elements of the
subject matter and for transfer of training or learning.
It helps in growing knowledge very effectively as a result of their close cooperation
on social participation in the spirit of democracy.
The project cannot be planned for all subjects and whole subject matter
cannot be taught by this strategy.
It is not economical from the point of view of time and cost.
It is very difficult for a teacher to plan or to execute the projects to the
learners and supervise them.
Group discussion is formed by combining two different words i.e. group and discussion. Here,
group means a number of people or things that are put together considered as a unit whereas the
word, “discuss” is derived from the Latin “discutere”, which means to shake or strike. Thus
“discussion” refers to examine the topic thoroughly to reach a conclusion. Collectively, it is
called Group discussion which means the exchange of ideas by participated candidates on a
specific subject or topic. The whole concept is to bring collectively a unit of people on a
common platform to share their ideas.
Confidence.
Effective Communication.
Quality of Language.
Listening Skills.
Assertive Attitude.
Paraphrasing Skills.
Leadership.
Topic-Based Group Discussion: In this discussion, a topic is provided to the candidates about
what they have to perform in the discussion. This logic has been drawn from the actual work
scenarios. In this discussion, the given topics are of three kinds i.e. Factual topics,
Controversial topics and Abstract topics (related to intangible things).
Case-Based Group Discussion: Instead of the topics, small cases are handover to the
candidates which leads to the questions and they have to discuss those questions. This will
help in finding out the problem-solving abilities of the candidates.
3. Lab method:
The goal is for students in entrepreneurship as learners, to gain experience with fast-
paced startup companies and to apply their academic knowledge to the problems faced by
entrepreneurial firms in a context of uncertainty, extreme time pressures and decision making
based on limited information.
By encouraging students to take a look at the company’s profile before the first class,
because the projects will be pitched to them during that class.
Then, in the following week, students submit their top company preferences. Colleges
form them into teams and match the teams to startups based on their interests.
4. Heuristic method:
The term heuristic refers to problem-solving. The heuristic method of teaching is based
on the psychological principles of trial and error theory. Logical thinking and imagination are
prerequisites for the heuristic method of teaching strategy. The heuristic method of teaching is
an economic and fast strategy. In the Heuristic method, the student must be an independent
discoverer. So, there is no teacher help or guidance in this method. In this method, the teacher
poses a problem to the students, then stands aside while they discover the answer. It develops
the habit of inquiring and investigating among students.
This develops the habit of self-study and self-direction. It develops a scientific attitude
in students by making them honest as they learn to come to decisions through real experiments.
This is a psychologically healthy learning system, as it is based on maximum learning by doing.
It forms in students the habit of diligence. In this method, most of the work is done at school
and so teachers don’t have to worry about giving them tasks to do at home. It allows individual
attention by establishing cordial relationships between teachers and learners. It helps to achieve
cognitive, emotional, and psychological goals, i.e. it helps in overall development. Students are
put in a situation to learn for themselves. It develops learners‟ confidence and self-control.
Teachers are always available to give personal advice regarding the solution to the problem.
Thus, the interaction between the teacher and the learner takes place in a cooperative and
supportive environment.
Heuristics provide the entrepreneur with cognitive problems solving tools or shortcuts
when they need to make a decision or solve a problem. Heuristics are based on previous
experiences, and become rules of thumb or golden rules that an entrepreneur follows when a
quick decision is required.
Entrepreneurs tend to use heuristics in their decision making far more than their
managerial counterparts, which results in them coming up with more innovative ideas. It is
important to understand the entrepreneur's ability to use heuristics in decision making as they
regularly encounter uncertainty when pursing a new venture. When an opportunity for a new
venture presents itself, an entrepreneur who chooses to base his decisions on factual-based logic
may become overwhelmed and cost-averse, whereas the entrepreneur who uses heuristic-based
logic will be able to exploit opportunities and avoid any barriers that may occur.
Advantages of Heuristic Teaching Method:
It helps in achieving cognitive, affective and psychomotor objectives i.e. it helps in all round
development of the child.
Students are put into the situation to learn by self-experience. It certainly develops self-
confidence and self-reliance in the learners.
It helps in developing scientific attitude and creativity in the learners.
Teacher encourages the learners to explore the environment in search of the solution of the
problems. By doing so, some new knowledge is discovered by them.
Teacher is always ready to provide individual guidance regarding the solution of the problem.
Thus, interaction between the teacher and the learner takes place in a cooperative, conducive
environment.
Entrepreneurship
1 education should have
high priority in higher
education.
Entrepreneurship
2 education should be
embedded as a
specific, stand-alone
course / program in
higher education.
Entrepreneurship
3 education should be
integrated into existing
subjects in higher
education (e.g. as a
topic).
Entrepreneurship should
4 be embedded as an
explicit goal in higher
education.
behavior, factual).
6. SERVICELEARNING METHOD:
Category Description
The strength-based facet of the service-learning makes use of available resources and
community strengths, and transforms the organizations and the community members as co-
educators of students. The capacity and expertise that lie in every community help the
students learn the basic objectives embedded in the projects and plan strategies based on
community’s unique strengths.
The life-long approach of the service-learning is sustainable and remains forever. The
outcome of this educational tool is meaningful, distinctive and influential. While
synthesizing the theory and practice, students are able to inculcate civic sense, enhance self-
awareness, build
relationships, identify social issues, and develop their analytical skills to solve the problems.
In this way, service learning prepares a base for interpersonal growth.
7. Question method:
One of the most frequently used teaching methodology in the
entrepreneurship education is Question method.
In entrepreneurship education with regard to what is taught and how it is taught.
Instead of asking what entrepreneurship education is and what it does, we
should know what ideally it should be and should do.
There is a logical progression between existing approaches – paradigms – to
teaching entrepreneurship, and that a fourth „new‟ paradigm, „everyday
practice‟, constitutes the foundation for all other entrepreneurship education
because it establishes the core entrepreneurial competence.
learner.
It involves the learners‟ participation towards the subject matter and in teaching acts.
The teacher wants the structured answers from the learners. There is no freedom for
imaginative answers.
CONCLUSION:
“The creation and ownership of a small enterprise or organization whose activity adds at least one
voice or innovation to the media marketplace”.
Entrepreneurship and start-up activities are seen as a key response to recent upheavals in the
media industry: Newly founded ventures can act as important drivers for industry transformation
and renewal, pioneering new products, business models, and organizational designs. In principle,
media students represent a crucial population of nascent entrepreneurs: individuals who will
likely become founders of start-ups. However, their willingness to start a new business is
generally considered to be rather low, and for journalism students, the idea of innovation tends to
be conservative, following traditional norms and professional standards. The main barriers to
entrepreneurial intention is that students feel they lack knowledge and training
in entrepreneurship.
In the last 10 years, a wide variety of entrepreneurship education courses have been set up in
media departments of colleges and universities worldwide. These programs have been designed
to sensitize and prepare communications, media and journalism students to think and act
entrepreneurially. Entrepreneurial competencies and practices not only play a crucial role for
start- ups, but, in times of digital transformation, are increasingly sought after by legacy media
companies as well.
By outlining and evaluating the Media Entrepreneurship program, which aims to promote good
practices of entrepreneurship education in communications, media and journalism, and to reject
on the limitations of such programs.
Pedagogical approach:
In teams of five, students conceive their own media product and a viable business model for a
complex and changing environment.
2. Classes:
3. Coaching:
During the program, every student team is coached intensively by an experienced expert from
the media industry, guiding their paths and providing hands-on knowledge.
4. Field trip:
Combining theory and practice, student teams head to international start-up hotspots to connect
with entrepreneurs and financiers, receiving real-world feedback on their business models.
5. Final pitch:
After developing and implementing their business model, the teams pitch to a jury of leading
media industry experts and investors who give feedback and decide whose idea they would
invest in. The program is designed for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates, thus
promoting cooperation between students with different levels of experience.
Media entrepreneurship revolves around creating a new venture and the consideration of
launching a startup, primarily grouped in three areas: Desirability (is this what people want?);
Feasibility (can you actually build/deliver it?) and Sustainability (How will you get it launched
and keep it going?),”
Media entrepreneurship offerings were intended to build their students‟ digital and innovations
skills so they could be effective players in the emerging media landscape.
“It is not necessarily about starting a company,” but to focus on entrepreneurial thinking: How
can we do things differently to meet the needs of our audiences, using the tools and platforms
that are appropriate?”
“The prime reason why schools are launching „media entrepreneurship‟ courses is that they
and their students want to continue practicing journalism despite the implosion of legacy mass
media news organizations”.
Media entrepreneurship education teaches students crucial life skills, such as:
Media entrepreneurship programs can play a key role in preparing students for many
different futures such as Integrating research, writing, digital, and business skills, as
media entrepreneurship programs do, opens the doors to careers in startups, nonprofits,
the diplomatic corps, commercial enterprises, the political arena, and tech giants, in
addition to law and medical school.
Classification of media:
Electronic media:
Electronic media definition – Electronic media is the media that one can share on any
electronic device for the audiences viewing, unlike static media (Printing) electronic media is
broadcasted to the wider community. Examples of Electronic media are things such as the
television the radio, or the wide internet.
The purpose of using electronic media can be for many reasons, one of the reasons is that you
can use it to market yourself and anything else from businesses to products and so on.
Electronic media is an efficient way to communicate to one another, either by the use of media
devices and networks or social media sources such as Television or the Internet these are a few
of the many ways you can use electronic media to your advantage.
There is a wide range of electronic media that broadcast: a variety of different things like
advertisements and promotions. Different Electronic media types are below:
• Television
• Radio
• Internet
• Shops
Television is one of the most used electronic media devices because franchises can
pay for advertisements to show millions of people, thus bringing in more business for
the franchise owner.
The Radio is similar but does not give the audience visuals, just sound. This method of
electronic media can be effective and much more affordable than Television but does not
engage the listeners as much as visual ads.
The Internet is one of the most profitable electronic media devices, with a single click of
a button ads will fill the webpage and is definite to catch a few glimpses for fellow web
surfers. This not only spreads through electronic media but can profit the creator of the
web page throughout time.
This depends on what type of business you have and whether you wish to use
Electronic media or not, most or almost all business use Electronic media in some
way to attract
new or more customers, just say you choose to advertise using Facebook which is a
basic Electronic media module which you can use to your advantage, businesses
usually use the “check-in” method where if you check into their store they will give
you something in return, either a discount or some points on a membership card, this
generates more customer flow to the store and in turn allows more profit to be made.
Electronic media is the basis of e-commerce marketing, firstly you will need a
method of approach whether you would like to use online marketplaces or
social/mail like places to promote your business, then soon after obtaining online
contacts you will be seeing customers showing up to your business or buying from
your online market.
Electronic media is a way for your business to be heard but not only heard, seen too.
As your Business becomes its own entity online, you have a brand and your brand has
a face, if managed well it is sure to increase revenue. If not, then your business may
struggle to get back up from the floor with many other competitors.
New Terms:
Broadcasting: To transmit or sent information through the use of various electronic media
devices. Media: The wide world of mass communication through electronic media.
Digital media:
Entrepreneurship education should catch up with the current developments in
today’s digitally interconnected and virtual world. As all forms of conducting
business become digital, essentially entrepreneurship needs a new digital
competence-based learning approach.
During the last decades, the business landscape in general, and the practice of
entrepreneurship and marketing in particular, have undergone numerous changes.
Such changes are primarily driven by the technological advancements, which have
paved the way for new, innovative digital channels of communicating, interacting, and
creating value with customers. Open innovation and customer involvement can
thereby be realized.
The fundamental elements of Digital media include social media marketing, content
marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), E-mail marketing, web design, and
online advertising. In particular, social media marketing is seen as a key component of
DM, and it relates to the use of social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram,
YouTube and Twitter, as well as websites to promote a product/brand and engage
audiences.
Essentially, social media enable not only company-to-customer interactions but also
customer-to customer communication and interaction. Hence, it has empowered
customers who can now engage in content generation and can potentially influence
other customers through Electronic Word of Mouth. This changing role and
empowerment of customers positively influences customer engagement, customer
relationships and value creation through co-creation.
emergence of the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) which are rapidly
changing the way in which students can obtain digital information, thus generating
new opportunities for learning and skills development.