BDwbU

2
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK (Central Bank)
f~wgKv
Z_¨ cÖhyw³ I wek¦vq‡bi hy‡M †h †Kvb †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ¸i“Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Acwimxg| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡gB †`‡k A_©bxwZ I g~`ªv evRvi Ges e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v cwiPvwjZ Ges wbqwš¿Z nq|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii cÖZ¨¶ wbqš¿‡Y †_‡K GmKj Kvh©vw` m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov
A_© I g~`ªv evRv‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv, e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Ges m‡e©vcwi †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi K_v wPš—vB Kiv
hvq bv|
GB BDwb‡U †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msÁv, D‡Ïk¨, Kvh©vejx, wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©vejx, Gi A_© mieivn, FY wbqš¿Y Ges
Bnvi wewfbœ c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Avcwb we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
GB BDwb‡U Av‡Q-
0 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msÁv I D‡Ïk¨
0 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx
0 wbKvkNi Gi Kvh©vejx
0 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki A_© mieivn I FY wbqš¿Y
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 1 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msÁv I D‡Ïk¨

 D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

welqe¯—z
msÁv t GK K_vq †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsKB n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| AvaywbK we‡k¦ †h‡Kvb †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi GKK
wbqš¿YKvix cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cwiwPZ Ges ¯^xK…Z| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K †K›`ª K‡iB †`‡ki mKj e¨vswKs
I g~`ªv evRvi MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq| †`‡ki mvwe©K cÖ‡qvR‡b †bvU I g~`ªv cÖPjb, FY wbqš¿Y I g~`ªv
evRvi MVb I cwiPvjbv, †`‡ki e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi †bZ…Z¡`vb, miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g
`ªe¨g~‡j¨i w¯’iZv A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I mvwe©K RbKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ miKv‡ii cÖZ¨¶ wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vsK MwVZ,
cwiPvwjZ Ges wbqwš¿Z nq| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msÁv m¤ú‡K© cÖL¨vZ e¨vsK we‡klÁ Gi K'wU msÁv wb‡æ D‡j−L Kiv
n‡jv t
Aa¨vcK Avi. wm †K›U Gi g‡Z, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖwZôvb hv RbKj¨v‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †`‡ki
cÖPwjZ g~`ªvi / A‡_©i cwigvY wbqš¿Y I e¨e¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i|
Aa¨vcK Gg. GBP. Wx KK e‡jb, †h e¨vsK e¨e¯’vq GKwU gvÎ e¨vs‡Ki †bvU Bmy¨i †¶‡Î GKK ev AvswkK
GK‡PwUqv AwaKvi i‡q‡Q, ZvB n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb gybvdvi cÖwZ `„wó bv †i‡L Rbmvavi‡Yi
¯^v‡_© Ges †`‡ki mvwe©K mg„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bvB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR|
Aa¨vcK wKmP Ges GjwK‡bi g‡Z, †h e¨vs‡Ki Acwinvh© `vwqZ¡ n‡jv †`‡ki g~`ªv-gvb w¯’wZkxj ivLv, Zv‡K
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK e‡j|
Aa¨vcK Avi. Gm. †mqvm© e‡jb, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv miKv‡ii GKwU cÖwZóvb, hv miKv‡ii AwaKvsk Avw_©K
Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i Ges D³ Kvh©vejx m¤úv`bKv‡j Ges wewfbœ cš’vq Bnv †`‡ki Avw_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi
Kvh©vejxi Dci cÖfve we¯—v‡ii gva¨‡g miKv‡ii A_©‰bwZK bxwZ ev¯—evqb K‡i|
wc.GBP. Kwjb Gi g‡Z, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv †`‡ki miKvi wbqš¿Yvaxb cÖavb e¨vsK, hv †`‡ki Avw_©K Kvh©µg
wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †`‡ki cÖavb my‡`i nvi wba©viY K‡i, †bvU I g~`ªvi cÖPjb K‡i, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K ZË¡veavb
K‡i Ges ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y K‡i|
Dc‡ii msÁv¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †hÑ
K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki miKvi wbqš¿Yvaxb cÖavb e¨vsK;
L) Bnv †`‡ki Avw_©K I e¨vswKs KvVv‡gvi kx‡l© Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i;
M) Bnv †`‡ki A_© I g~`ªv FY Ges e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi AwffveK I wbqš¿K;
N) †`‡ki †bvU I g~`ªv cÖPj‡bi GKK AwaKvi GB e¨vs‡Ki;
O) mvgwMÖK ¯^v‡_© †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgZv I g~‡j¨i w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLvi `vwqZ¡ Bnvi Dci Awc©Z;
P) gybvdv AR©b bq, †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I RbKj¨vYB Bnvi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
†gvU K_v †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki cÖavb miKvix e¨vsK| hv †`‡ki g~`ªv I F‡Yi cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges g~`ªv evRvi
w¯’wZkxj ivLvi gva¨‡g miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZgvjv ev¯—evqb K‡i| Bnvi gyj D‡Ïk¨B n‡jv mvwe©K RbKj¨vY|
evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsK'|

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-14

 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨

†K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii cÖZ¨¶ wbqš¿‡Y cwiPvwjZ †`‡ki me©cÖavb e¨vsK| †`‡ki mvwe©K A_©‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv
wbwð‡Zi gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Kj¨vY mvabB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨| g~j D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Bnv‡K †ek wKQy
mn‡hvMx D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z nq| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨‡K Avgiv wbæiƒ‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvwi t
1. RbKj¨vY t gybvdv AR©b bq eis Bnvi g~j / cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv RbKj¨vY wbwðZ Kiv|
2. g~`ªv cÖPjb t †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K †jb‡`‡bi wewbgq gva¨g wn‡m‡e avZe g~`ªv I KvMRx †bvU
cÖPjb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi D™¢e|
3. FY wbqš¿Y t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ewa©Z FY wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g A_© evRvi w¯’wZkxj ivLv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Aci
GKwU ¸i“Z¡ D‡Ïk¨|
4. g~j¨¯—‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv i¶v t †`‡ki Af¨š—ixY A‡_©i †hvMvb I my‡`i nvi wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j¨¯—‡ii
w¯’wZkxjZv i¶v Kiv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨|
5. A_© I g~jab evRvi MVb I cwiPvjbv t †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vejx‡K Z¡ivwb¦Z I MwZkxj Kivi Rb¨ †`‡ki
g‡a¨ GKwU kw³kvjx I k„´Ljvc~Y© A_© I g~jab evRvi M‡o †Zvjvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK MwVZ I
cwiPvwjZ nq|
6. e¨vsK e¨e¯’v myôz wbqš¿Y t GKwU mymsnZ Ges kw³kvjx e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki
e¨vsK e¨e¯’v‡K msMVb, cwiPvjbv Ges wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K|
7. miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii Znwej msMÖn, msi¶Y Ges wewfbœ Avw_©K
†jb‡`b wb wË K‡i _v‡K| †gvU K_v miKv‡ii A_© Av`vq, cwi‡kva I msi¶‡Y Bnv cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR
K‡i|
8. e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb t ZvwjKvfz³ Acvivci e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv †K›`ªxq
e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsK‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KwZcq kZ© cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
9. wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki Avš—t e¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb wËi j‡¶ wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡i| d‡j Avš—te¨vswKs †¶‡Î †PK, WªvdU, wewbgq wej, wmwKDwiwU, FY-c‡Î BZ¨vw`i wewbgq msµvš—
wb wË mnR nq|
10. g~jab MVb I A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb t †`‡ki mvwe©K A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jv FY cÖ`vb K‡i g~ja‡bi †hvMvb w`‡q _v‡K| d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ¶gZv
e„w× cvq Ges A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb K‡i|
11. g~`ªvi wewbgq nvi wba©viY t ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i Dbœqb I cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ g~`ªvi wewbgq nvi wba©viY I wbqš¿Y Kiv
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki GKwU we‡kl D‡Ïk¨|
12. ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i weKvk t ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i Dbœqb I wbKvk †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Aci GKwU D‡Ïk¨| GB
D‡Ï‡k¨ Bnv ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv msi¶Y, cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y K‡i| e¨v‡jÝ Ae †c‡g›U cwiw¯’wZ †`‡ki AbyK‚‡j
Avbvi †Póv K‡i|
13. ewnwe©‡k¦i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM t c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki †K›`ªxq I Avš—R©vwZK Avw_©K ms¯’v¸‡jvi mv‡_ mve©¶wYK
†hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb I msi¶Y †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki GKwU cÖavb D‡Ïk¨| G‡Z K‡i Avš—R©vwZK Avw_©K m¤ú‡K©i wfwË
iwPZ nq|
14. miKvi‡K Dc‡`k cÖ`vb t miKv‡ii wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv MÖnY I ev¯—evq‡b wewfbœ w`K †_‡K mvnvh¨
mn‡hvwMZv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖwZwôZ nq| Gme †¶‡Î †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK Ges
cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h †`‡ki A_© I e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Ges FY I ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq
wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j¨¯—‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv Ges m‡e©v”P A_©‰bwZK mg„w× wbwðZ KivB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨|
BDwbU `yB c„ôv-15
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-ms‡¶c
‡h e¨vsK miKv‡ii GKK e¨vsK wnmv‡e †`‡ki Rb¨ g~`ªv cÖPjb K‡i, F‡Yi cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges g~`ªv evRvi
w¯’wZkxj ivLvi gva¨‡g miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZgvjv ev¯—evqb K‡i, Zv‡KB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ejv nq|
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv RbKj¨vY, g~`ªv cÖPjb, FY wbqš¿Y, g~j¨¯—‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv i¶v, A_© I g~jab
evRvi MVb I cwiPvjbv, e¨vsK e¨e¯’v myôz wbqš¿Y, wbKvk Ni wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb, g~`ªvi wewbgq nvi Ges ˆe‡`wkK
evwY‡R¨i weKvk BZ¨vw`|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 2.1

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK ( ) wPý w`b-
1. †Kvb e¨vsK †`‡ki miKv‡ii GKK e¨vsK wn‡m‡e g~`ªv I A_© evRv‡ii wbqš¿Y K‡i?
K. †mvbvjx e¨vsK L. XvKv e¨vsK
M. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N. ¯’vbxq e¨vsK
2. gybvdv bq, RbKj¨vbB g~j D‡Ïk¨ †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki?
K. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki L. iƒcvjx e¨vs‡Ki
M. AMÖYx e¨vs‡Ki N. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki
3. ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ weKv‡k †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K wK Ki‡Z nq?
K. ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv msi¶Y I wbqš¿Y L. ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv weZiY
M. ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv msMÖn N. ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ Dbœqb|
4. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv MÖnY I ev¯—evq‡b wK cÖ`vb K‡i?
K. Dc‡`k I civgk© L. Av‡`k-wb‡`©k
M. A‡_©i †hvMvb N. †KvbwUB bq|

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-16

 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

cvV 2 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx (A_© mieivn I FY wbqš¿Y)

 D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvhvejx eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

welqe¯—z t
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx (Functions of Central Bank)
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki me©cÖavb e¨vsK| Bnv †`‡ki A_© evRv‡ii msMVK, AwffveK, cwiPvjK I wbqš¿K| ZvB Bnvi
gh©v`v, ¸i“Z¡ Ges Kvh©vejxi cÖK…wZ Avjv`v, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hmKj Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i
_v‡K Zvi msw¶ß ZvwjKv wbæiƒc t
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx








K) mvaviY Kvh©vejx L) miKv‡ii e¨vsK M) Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki N) Dbœqbg~jK O) wewea / Ab¨vb¨
wn‡m‡e Kvh©vejx e¨vsK wn‡m‡e Kvh©vejx Kvh©vejx
Kvh©vejx
1. †bvU I avZe g~`ªv 1. miKv‡ii Znwej 1. e¨vsK cÖwZôv I 1. e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi 1. Z_¨ msMÖn
cÖPjb I m¤ú` msi¶Y m¤úªmviY Dbœqb msi¶Y I mieivn
2. g~`ªvi g~j¨gvb 2. Avw_©K †jb‡`b 2. e¨vsK 2. Drcv`b Lv‡Zi 2. M‡elYv cwiPvjbv
msi¶Y m¤úv`b ZvwjKvfzwËKiY Dbœqb
3. ¯^Y©gvb msi¶Y 3. A_©MÖnY I ¯’vbvš—i 3. ZvwjKvfz³ 3. ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i 3. Avw_©K wi‡cvU©
e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK Dbœqb ˆZwi I cÖKvk
4. g~`ªv evRvi 4. FY`vb I 4. F‡Yi †kl 4. A_©‰bwZK
cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y ZË¡veavb Avkªq¯’j cwiKíbv Dbœqb
5. FY wbqš¿Y 5. miKv‡ii wnmve 5. FY Z`viK 5. Kg©ms¯’vb
msi¶Y
6. ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªvi 6. e¨vsK I Avw_©K 6. Znwej msi¶Y 6. Rbkw³ Dbœqb
wiRvf© msi¶Y ms¯’vi mv‡_ m¤úK©
7. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq 7. ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv I 7. wbKvkNi wn‡m‡e 7. cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë
wbqš¿Y wewbgq wbqš¿Y KvR m¤ú‡`i Dbœqb
8. miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv 8. wnmve wbix¶Y I
I cÖwZwbwa wbqš¿K
9. miKv‡ii Avw_©K 9. Dc‡`óv Ges
bxwZgvjv cÖYqb I cÖwZwbwaZ¡
ev¯—evqb

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-17

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

K) mvaviY Kvh©vejx t
1. ‡bvU I avZe g~`ªv cÖPjb t †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvRB n‡jv †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡bi Av‡jv‡K KvMRx †bvU I
avZe g~`ªv ˆZwi, gy`ªY I mieivn Kiv| †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v, e¨emvq-evwYR¨ Ges Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ûi
cÖwZ mRvM `„wó †i‡L †K›`ªxq e¨vsK G KvR K‡i _v‡K|
2. g~`ªvi gyj¨gvb msi¶Y t ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq nvi wba©viY I wbqš¿Y K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki g~`ªvi g~j¨gvb
msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡i| d‡j †`kxq g~`ªvi g~j¨gvb w¯’wZkxj _v‡K Ges ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i m¤úªmviY N‡U|
3. ¯^Y©gvb msi¶Y t cÖPwjZ wbqgvbyhvqx †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mieivnK…Z ev Qvcv‡bv A‡_©i wbivcËv weavb I wewbgq
nvi i¶vi Rb¨ Bnvi wecix‡Z 30% ¯^Y© ev †iŠc¨ ev ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv wiRvf© †i‡L _v‡K| d‡j †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK
Ae¯’vi w¯’wZkxjZv _v‡K Ges cÖe„w× e„w× cvq|
4. g~`ªv evRvi cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU myôz I my›`i A_© I FY e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi ga¨
w`‡q kw³kvjx g~`ªv evRvi MVb, cwiPvjbv Ges wbqš¿‡Y me©`v m‡Pó _v‡K| GB D‡Ïk¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K †`‡ki
wewfbœ e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Kvh©µg‡K mn‡hvwMZv, mgb¦q I wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z nq|
5. FY wbqš¿Y t †`‡ki wkí, e¨emvq-evwYR¨ I A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ F‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb| Avevi F‡Yi cwigvY
†ewk n‡j `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× cvq Ges g~`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q| ZvB F‡Yi cwigvY Kvg¨¯—‡i ivLvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY m„wói Kvh©µg I ¶gZv wewfbœ †KŠkj I bxwZ wba©viY K‡i wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| d‡j
†`‡ki Af¨š—‡i g~`ªv I g~j¨gvb w¯’wZkxj _v‡K|
6. ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªvi wiRvf© msi¶Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªvi mv‡_ †`kxq g~`ªvi gvb I wewbgq g~j¨ w¯’wZkxj
ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡bi Av‡jv‡K ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªvi wiRvf© msi¶Y K‡i msiw¶Z Znwe‡ji cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y
K‡i|
7. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki Afš—ixY cÖ‡qvR‡bi Av‡jv‡K ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªvi AvMgb I
wbMg©‡bi Ges Avg`vwb-ißvwb wbqš¿Y K‡i| d‡j Avg`vwb-ißvwb‡Z mvg¨Zv Av‡m Ges ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i
Dbœqb nq|
L) miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e Kvh©vejx t
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK| Gg.GBP. wWK‡Ki g‡Z mKj ¯’v‡bB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi, cÖwZwbwa
Ges Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e Kvh© m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K| miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx‡K Avgiv wbæiƒ‡c
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvwit
1. miKv‡ii Znwej I m¤ú` msi¶Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K miKv‡ii hveZxq DØ„Ë Znwej Ges
m¤ú` msMÖn, msi¶Y, ZË¡veavb I cwiPvjbv K‡i|
2. Avw_©K †jb‡`b m¤úv`b t miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡k-we‡`‡k mKj Avw_©K, †jb‡`b m¤úv`b
K‡i| Bnvi gva¨‡gB ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv µq-weµq nq Ges miKvwi cÖvwß I cwi‡kvamg~n wb wË nq|
3. A_© MÖnY I ¯’vbvš—i t miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mKj Lv‡Zi miKv‡ii cvIbv I ivR¯^ msMÖn I
LvZwfwËK msi¶Y K‡i| Aci w`‡K miKv‡ii wb‡`©‡ki Abyhvqx D³ A_© GK LvZ †_‡K Ab¨ Lv‡Z Ges
GK¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨¯’v‡b ¯’vbvš—i K‡i _v‡K|
4. FY`vb I ZË¡veavb t miKv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb I Avw_©K msK‡U †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKvi‡K ¯^í I `xN© †gqv‡` FY`vb
K‡i| Aci w`‡K miKv‡ii †UªRvwi wej, dvÛ, wmwKDwiwU wewµ K‡i A_© I FY MÖnY K‡i Ges FY msµvš—
mKj Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb K‡i|
5. miKv‡ii wnmve msi¶Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq, wefvM, `ßi I cÖwZôv‡bi hveZxq A_© I
m¤ú‡`i myôz wnmve msi¶Y I cwiPvjbv K‡i|

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-18

 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

6. evnK I Avw_©K ms¯’vi mv‡_ m¤úK© t miKv‡ii e¨vsK Ges cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ges Avw_©K ms¯’v †hgb- wek¦e¨vsK AvB.Gg.Gd., GwWwe, AvB.wW.we. Gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM I
m¤úK© eRvq iv‡L|
7. ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv I wewbgq wbqš¿Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †`kxq A_©bxwZ Dbœqb, weKvk I
mg„w×i Rb¨ ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv µq weµq Ges ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq `¶Zvi mv‡_ wbqš¿Y K‡i|
8. miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv I cÖwZwbwa t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK, cÖwZwbwa Ges Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
cÖ‡qvR‡b †`‡k-we‡`‡k wewfbœ c‡¶i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM, Pyw³m¤úv`b I †jb‡`b m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| Aci w`‡K
miKv‡ii bxwZ wba©viY I A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û miKvi‡K g~j¨evb Dc‡`k I civgk© w`‡q _v‡K|
9. miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZgvjv cÖYqb I ev¯—evqb t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡b mKj cÖKvi
Z_¨ I DcvË w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv I mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| Aci w`‡K Bnvi myôz ev¯—evq‡bI †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mwµq
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K|
M) Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK wn‡m‡e Kvh©vejx t
Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK wn‡m‡eI †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| hv wb‡æ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1. e¨vsK cÖwZôv I m¤úªmviY t †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wói j‡¶¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡k
bZzb bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôv Ges cÖwZwôZ e¨vsK¸‡jvi kvLv we¯—vi, m¤úªmviY I Dbœq‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡i _v‡K| D‡j−L¨ †h, †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki AbygwZ Qvov bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôv Kiv hvq bv Ges bZzb kvLv †Lvjv ev
eÜ KivI hvq bv|
2. e¨vsK ZvwjKvfzw³KiY t †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR n‡jv e¨vsK cÖwZôvi AbygwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ Bnvi bvg
ZvwjKvfzw³ Kiv| GRb¨ ZvwjKvfzw³i c~‡e© Ges c‡i cvjbxq KwZcq kZ©vejx †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wba©viY K‡i †`q
Ges Zv mwVKiƒ‡c cvwjZ n‡”Q wKbv Zv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i|
3. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jvi AwffveK, gyiweŸ Ges cwiPvjK|
ZvwjKvfz³ mKj m`m¨e¨vsK‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖ`Ë bxwZgvjv, wb‡`©kvejx I mvBWjvB‡bi Av‡jv‡K mKj
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq|
4. F‡Yi †kl Avkªq¯’j t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~n‡K ¯^vfvweK mg‡q FY`v‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Pig
Avw_©K msK‡UI FY`vb K‡i _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n hLb weKí †Kvb Drm †_‡KB FY cvq bv
ZLbI †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki F‡Yi †kl Avkªq¯’j ejv
nq| GBiƒc e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wej, cÖwZÁvcÎ cybt evÆvKiY K‡i Ges cÖ_g †kªYxi †kqvi, wmwKDwiwU,
†UªRvwi wej BZ¨vw` RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e †i‡L _v‡K|
5. FY Z`viK t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I Ab¨vb¨ Drm †_‡K M„nxZ A_© evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv wKiƒ‡c FYgÄyi Ki‡Q Ges
Zv †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I RbKj¨v‡Y mnvqK n‡e wKbv BZ¨vw` Z`viKx Kvh©µgI †K›`ªxq e¨vsK K‡i
_v‡K|
6. Znwej msi¶Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi ZvwjKvfz³ cÖwZwU m`m¨ e¨vsK †_‡K Zv‡`i Avgvb‡Zi GKwU wbw`©ó
cwigvY A_© eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e ÔwiRvf©' Znwej, wn‡m‡e msi¶Y K‡i _v‡K| FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ GB nvi †ewk
K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k PjwZ I ¯’vqx Avgvb‡Zi Dci 25%, Bsj¨v‡Ê 8% Ges fvi‡Z 5% †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K
Rgv ivL‡Z nq|
7. wbKvk Ni wn‡m‡e KvR t ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi AwffveK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Avš—te¨vswKs
†jb‡`b I †`bv-cvIbvi wb wËi e¨vcv‡i wbKvkNi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K| mviv we‡k¦B †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`bv-
cvIbv wb wˇZ wbKvk Ni cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K|
8. wnmve wbix¶Y I wbqš¿Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡n LvZvcÎ I wnmvecÎ msi¶Y c×wZ
m¤ú‡K© bxwZgvjv I wb‡`©kvejx w¯’i K‡i †`q| Aci w`‡K M„nxZ mKj bxwZgvjv I wb‡`©kvejxi Av‡jv‡K mKj
wnmvecÎ msi¶Y n‡”Q wKbv Zv wbix¶‡Yi gva¨‡g wbqš¿Y K‡i|
BDwbU `yB c„ôv-19
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

9. Dc‡`óv I cÖwZwbwaZ¡ t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~n `¶Zv I dj`vqKZvi mv‡_ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj cÖKvk Dc‡`k, civgk©, w`K-wb‡`©kb Ges mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| A‡bK mgq
ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK K‡i _v‡K|

N) Dbœqbg~jK Kvh©vejx t
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv m‡e©v”P A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kiv| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi mv‡_ RwoZ _v‡K| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Dbœqbg~jK Kg©KvÊ ¸‡jv‡K
Avgiv wbæiƒ‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvwit
1. e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi Dbœqb t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK Ges e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi †bZv, c_ cÖ`k©K| ZvB †`‡k
bZzb bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôv, kvLv †Lvjv I cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g †`‡ki e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi ev¯—e Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq
e¨vsK mKj cÖKvi bxwZgvjv ˆZwi K‡i, mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|
2. Drcv`b Lv‡Zi Dbœqb t †`‡ki Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ RwiZ mKj LvZ †hgb K…wl, wkí, e¨emvq-evwYR¨, cwienb
BZ¨vw`i Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡k
we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK m„wó, cÖwZôv Ges we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î FY cÖ`v‡b Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
3. ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i Dbœqb t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i cÖmvi I cÖe„w× Ges g~`ªvi wewbgq nvi
w¯’wZkxj ivLvi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ cwiKíbv I bxwZ-c×wZ wba©viY Ges Zv ev¯—evq‡b me©`v m‡Pó _v‡K| d‡j †`‡k
ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i cÖe„w× nq|
4. A_©‡bwZK cwiKíbv Dbœqb t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯—evq‡b mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv
K‡i| GB j‡¶¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbvi Rb¨ Z_¨-DcvË mieivn K‡i| cÖK‡íi m¤¢ve¨Zv
hvPvB K‡i Ges Zv ev¯—evq‡b mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L †K›`ªxq
e¨vsK GB `vwqZ¡ m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K|
5. Kg©ms¯’vb t †`‡ki e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v Dbœqb I m¤úªmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g AwaK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Kivi Rb¨I
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK KvR K‡i _v‡K|
6. Rbkw³ Dbœqb t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ¯^xq cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Rbkw³ Ges ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~‡n wb‡qvwRZ
Rbkw³i myôz cÖwk¶Y I `¶Zvi Dbœq‡b wewfbœ Kg©m~wP MÖnY I ev¯—evqb K‡i _v‡K|
7. cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë m¤ú‡`i Dbœqb t †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i we`¨gvb cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë m¤ú‡`i D‡Ëvjb, msMÖn I msi¶‡Yi
gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi m‡e©v”P A_©‰bwZK Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wewfbœ cwiKíbv MÖnY I ev¯—evqb
K‡i| G wel‡q we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Drmvn I Avw_©K myweav cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K|
O) Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vejx t
†`‡ki mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK AviI wKQy Kvh©µg m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K, hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qt
1. Z_¨ msMÖn, msi¶Y I mieivn t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K wewfbœgyLx Kvh©µg m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq| G Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
Abyhvqx Zv‡K miKv‡ii wewfbœ wefvM I ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~n †_‡K Ges ewnwe©k¦ †_‡K wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn I
msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi Av‡jv‡K Zv me©Î mieivn Ki‡Z nq|
2. M‡elYv cwiPvjbv t †`‡ki A_© I g~`ªv evRvi Dbœqb, e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Ges miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZgvjv
wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K cÖ‡qvR‡bi Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ M‡elYv Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| GRb¨ †K›`ªxq
e¨vs‡Ki c„_K kvLv i‡q‡Q|
3. Avw_©K wi‡cvU© ˆZwi I cÖKvk t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi msM„nxZ Z_¨ I Dcv‡Ëi Av‡jv‡K Ges cwiPvwjZ M‡elYvi
Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ Avw_©K wi‡cvU© ˆZwi I cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| hv‡Z †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK I e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi mg¯— wPÎ
dzu‡U D‡V| mgqwfwËK Ges we‡kl we‡kl †kªYxi wi‡cvU© ˆZwi I cÖKvk wel‡q †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki c„_K kvLv
i‡q‡Q|

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-20

 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki K…wl, wkí, e¨emvq evwYR¨ Ges A_©‰bwZK
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj Kvh©µg m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki A_© I g~`ªv evRv‡ii cÖvY
Ges g~j PvwjKv kw³|

cvV-ms‡¶c
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki A_© evRv‡ii msMVK, AwffveK, cwiPvjK I wbqš¿K| ZvB Bnvi Kvh©vejxi cwigvYI A‡bK|
Bnvi Kvh©vavc¸‡jv e„n`v‡_© 5 (cuvP) fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v- (K) mvaviY Kvh©vejx, (L) miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e
Kvh©vejx (M) Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK wn‡m‡e Kvh©vejx (N) Dbœqbg~jL Kvh©vejx Ges wewea/Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vejx|
GB Kvh©vejxi g‡a¨ cÖ_g 4wU LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| GB 4wU m¤úv`b Ki‡Z wM‡q wewea Kvh©vejx Ggwb‡ZB Zvi Øviv
m¤úvw`Z n‡q hvq| GZ wewPÎ I e¨wZµgagx© Kvh©vejx Ab¨ e¨vsK Øviv m¤¢e bq e‡jB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki
me©cÖavb I ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨vsK| AbyMÖnc~e©K (5 c„ôvq ewY©Z wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K) Dwj−wLZ Kvh©vejx¸‡jv fv‡jv K‡i co–b,
GKwUi mv‡_ AciwUi cv_©K¨ wbY©q †Póv Ki“b| Ab¨_vq g‡b ivLv Ges cix¶vq wjLv KóKi n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 2.2

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý w`b-
1. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx‡K e„n`v‡_© KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
K. 5wU L. 4wU
M. 3wU N. 7wU
2. †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vejx?
K. †bvU I avZe g~`ªv cÖPjb L. Znwej msi¶Y
M. M‡elYv cwiPvjbv N. FY`vb I ZË¡veavb
3. †KvbwU miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR?
K. miKv‡ii Znwej I m¤ú` msi¶Y L. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y
M. F‡Yi †kl Avkªq ¯’j N. Rbkw³ Dbœqb|
4. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR †KvbwU?
K. e¨vsK cÖwZôv I m¤úªmviY L. wnmve wbix¶Y I wbqš¿Y
M. Kg©ms¯’vb N. Rbkw³ Dbœqb|

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-21

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 3 wbKvk Ni Ges wbKvk e¨e¯’v

 D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 wbKvk Ni Gi msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wbKvk N‡ii ˆewkó¨ I myweav eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g †jb‡`b wb wË / wbKvk e¨e¯’v Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

welqe¯—z t
wbKvk Ni (Clearing House) t
mvaviY A‡_© Clearing House ej‡Z †Kvb wKQy wb wË ev cwi¯‹vi ev wbKvk Kivi Ni ev Awdm ev ¯’vb‡K eySvq|
e¨vswKs cwifvlvq Clearing House ej‡Z †PK I wej n‡Z m„ó cvi¯úwiK †`bv-cvIbv we‡kl †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g
e¨vsKviMY †h K‡¶ ev ¯’v‡b e‡m wb wË K‡i †mB K¶ ev ¯’vb‡KB eySvq|
ga¨hy‡Mi †kl w`K †_‡K BD‡ivcxq e¨vsKviMY Zvi cvi¯úwiK †`bv-cvIbv wb wËi Rb¨ †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b em‡Z
ïi“ K‡i| ZLb †_‡KB Clearing House kã `ywUi e¨envi ïi“ nq|
Oxford Dictionary of Business Gi g‡Z wK¬qvwis nvDR n‡jv m`m¨‡`i ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK †`bv-cvIbv
wb wËi Rb¨ GKwU †K›`ªxf‚Z Ges Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³ wbf©i GKwU c×wZ|
G.wU.†`e Avi g‡Z, wewfbœ e¨vs‡Ki †PK I wewbgq wej n‡Z m„ó `vq e¨vsKmg~‡ni †h †K›`ªxq Kvh©vj‡q wgUv‡bv nq
Zv‡K wbKvk Ni e‡j|
GBP.wc.†kjWb Gi g‡Z wbKvk Ni n‡jv Ggb GKwU cš’v hv Øviv ˆ`wbK †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Awc©Z mKj †PK I
wewbgq we‡ji DØ„Ë ci¯ú‡ii `vexi wecix‡Z †hvM ev we‡qvM Kiv nq|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKvi e¨vsKmg~‡ni GKwU †K›`ªxq cÖwZôvb n‡jv
wbKvk Ni| †hLv‡b m`m¨e¨vsK¸‡jv cÖwZw`b mg‡eZ n‡q Zv‡`i nv‡Z RgvK…Z †PK, wewbgq wej I ûwÛ n‡Z m„ó
cvi¯úwiK †`bv-cvIbv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ev Zvi cÖwZwbwai ZË¡veav‡b wb wË K‡i| mvaviYfv‡e ZvwjKvf…y³ e¨vsKmg~n
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K †h bM` A_© wiRvf© iv‡L, Zvn‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K e¨vs‡Ki Rgvi cwigvY n«vm-e„w× K‡i Zv‡`i cvi¯úwiK
†`bv-cvIbv wgUv‡bv nq|
evsjv‡`‡k evsjv‡`k e¨vsK wbKvk Ni wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| †hmKj AÂj evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki kvLv †bB
†mLv‡b †mvbvjx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K|
wbKvk N‡ii ˆewkó¨ (Features of Clearing House)
AvaywbK e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi myôz cwiPvjbv Ges Bnvi `¶Zv e„wׇZ wbKvk Ni Gi ¸i“Z¡ Ges cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwinvh©|
ZvB Bnvi wKQy we‡kl ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q hv wb‡æ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
1. wba©vwiZ Ni t †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖZ¨¶ ZË¡veav‡b wbKvk Ni GKwU wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b (Ni ev K¶) ¯’vwcZ nq|
2. wbw`©ó mgq t cÖwZwU Kvh© w`e‡m `y'evi wbw`©ó mgq Aš—i Aš—i wbKvk Ni e‡m| m`m¨ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaiv Zv‡Z
Dcw¯’Z n‡q wbR-wbR †`bv-cvIbv wb wË K‡i _v‡K|
3. m`m¨c` t †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ cÖwZwU e¨vsKB wbKvk N‡ii m`m¨ n‡q _v‡K|
4. Ae¯’vb t mvaviYZ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb Awdm Ges kvLv Awdm¸‡jv‡KB wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ
nq| Z‡e †hLv‡b Bnvi kvLv Awdm †bB †mLv‡b Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZwbwa e¨vsK GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| †hgb-
evsjv‡`k e¨vsK kvLv †hLv‡b †bB †mLv‡b †mvbvjx e¨vsK GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K|

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-22

 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

5. GKK cÖwZôvb t †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b wbKvk Ni †`‡k GKK cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| Z‡e
wewfbœ A‡j Bnvi kvLv ev cÖwZwbwa e¨vsK _vK‡Z cv‡i|
6. wbw`©ó wbqg t wbKvk Ni e¨e¯’v myôziƒ‡c cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K KwZcq bxwZgvjv
wba©viY Ki †`qv nq| mKj m`m¨ e¨vsK‡KB Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z nq|
7. ¯^vqË¡kvmb t ZvwjKvf…³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni gva¨‡g m„ó wbKvk Ni GKwU ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb| c„_K
AvBb Øviv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g Zv wbqwš¿Z I cwiPvwjZ|
8. cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y t †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖZ¨¶ ZË¡veav‡b wbKvk N‡ii mKj Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq|
9. †`bv-cvIbv wb wË t Bnv g~jZ †PK, WªvdU, ûwÛi gva¨‡gB m`m¨ e¨vsK mg~‡ni ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK †`bv-
cvIbv wb wËi Rb¨ MwVZ I cwiPvwiZ nq|
wbKvk N‡ii myweav (Advantages of Clearing House)
AvaywbK e¨vswKs RM‡Z wbKvk N‡ii ¸i“Z¡ / cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges myweav A‡bK| wbKvk N‡ii DciB e¨vswKs
e¨emv‡qi `¶Zv I MwZkxjZv e„w× K‡i| wbKvk N‡ii myweavmg~n wb‡æ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1. †`bv-cvIbvi mnR I `ª“Z wb wË t wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g m`m¨ e¨vsK¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK †`bv-cvIbv¸‡jv Lye
mn‡R Ges `ª“ZZv I `¶Zvi wb wË Kiv hvq| Bnvi AveZ©gv‡b Avš—te¨vswKs †jb-†`b wb wËi K_v wPš—vB Kiv
hvq bv|
2. wgZe¨qx cš’v t wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g m`m¨ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaMY GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b GKwÎZ n‡q myk„sLjfv‡e
Kg Li‡P cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`b wb wË Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i m`m¨‡`i Ny‡i Ny‡i †PK, Wªvd&U, wej msMÖn Ges
e›Ub Ki‡Z nq bv|
3. mgq euvPvq t wbKvk Ni e¨e¯’vq †PK, Wªvd&U, wej BZ¨vw` msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ Avw`ó e¨vs‡K †h‡Z nq bv e‡j
AKíbxqfv‡e mgq †eu‡P hvq|
4. †jb‡`b Z¡ivwb¦Z nq t wbKvk Ni Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi d‡j e¨emvqxiv MÖvnK ev †`bv`vi‡`i †_‡K cÖvß †PK,
Wªvd&U, wej AwZ ¯^íZg mg‡q e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g fvsMv‡Z cv‡i| d‡j e¨emvwqK †jb‡`b Z¡ivwb¦Z nq|
5. bM` AvgvbZ t wbKvk Ni e¨e¯’v m`m¨ e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K ¯^í bM` Avgvb‡ZB KvR cwiPvjbvq mvnvh¨ K‡i| d‡j
†ewk AvgvbZ bM` ivL‡Z nq bv| hv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K FY m„wó‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
6. A_© ¯’vbvš—‡i mvnvh¨ t GB e¨e¯’vq e¨vs‡Ki MÖvnKMY AwZ mn‡R Ges AwZ Aí SzuwK‡Z GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨
¯’v‡b †h-†Kvb cwigvY UvKv †P‡Ki gva¨‡g ¯’vbvš—i Kivi my‡hvM †c‡q _v‡K|
7. A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Abyaveb t wbKvk Ni e¨e¯’vq m`m¨ e¨vsK¸‡jvi MÖvnK‡`i mKj †PK, WªvdU, wej K¨vk
Kivi Rb¨ wbKvk N‡i Rgv †`q| †ckK…Z I cvkK…Z †PK, wej, WvdU †`‡L wbKvk N‡ii AvIZvaxb GjvKvi
e¨emvq-evwYR¨ msµvš— mKj A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Abygvb Kiv hvq|
8. FY wbqš¿Y mnR t wbKvk Ni e¨e¯’vq †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y Kvh©µg mnR nq|
G mKj myweavi Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb Kv‡j wbKvk Ni Gi mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv Qvov e¨vswKs e¨emv‡qi K_v wPš—vB Kiv
hvq bv|

wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g †jb-†`b wb wË e¨e¯’v ev Clearing System by Clearing House) ev wbKvk N‡ii
Kvh©µg (Functions of Clearing House)
AvaywbK e¨vswKs e¨ve¯’vi wbKvk N‡ii ¸i“Z¡ A‡bK| ZvB Zv‡K A‡bK Kvh©µgI m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq| wbKvk N‡ii
mKj Kvh©µg‡K Avgiv 3wU ch©v‡q wef³ Ki‡Z cvwi| h_v-
1. kvLv ch©v‡qi Kvh©µg
2. Avš—t kvLv wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-23

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

3. Avš—t e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg

1. kvLv ch©v‡qi Kvh©µg (Functional Procedure at Branch Level).
wbKvk N‡ii kvLv ch©v‡qi Kvh©vejx¸‡jv Avevi `yBfv‡M wef³ h_v- (K) ewnM©vgx wbKvk (Outward
L) Aš—g©yLx wbKvk (Inward Clearing)
Clearing),
K) ewnM©vgx wbKvk (Outward Clearing) t GB c×wZ‡Z †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki GKwU kvLvq H e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨ kvLv
A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki kvLvi Dci Wª Kiv †PK ev Wªvd&U mg~n wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g msMÖn K‡i mswk−ó
MÖvnK‡`i wnmv‡e Rgv Kiv nq|
GB cš’vq Av`vqKvix kvLv †PK ev WªvdUmg~n wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g cÖ`vbKvix kvLvq Dc¯’vcb K‡i|
AZtci cÖ`vbKvix kvLv wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g Zvi †`bvmg~n cwi‡kva K‡i _v‡K| ewnM©vgx wbKvk c×wZ
wbæiƒc -
i) wbKvk-D‡Ï‡k¨ M„nxZ †P‡Ki mZ¨Zv hvPvB K‡i mivmwi †iwR÷ªv‡i G¨vw›Uª Kiv nq Ges †P‡Ki
Dci kvLvi µwms mxj jvMv‡bv nq|
ii) cÖvß mKj †PK, WªvdU kvLv Abyhvqx Ges e¨vsK Abyhvqx mvRv‡bv nq|
iii) wK¬qvwis †iwR÷ªv‡i Gw›Uª Kiv;
iv) wmwWDj I wbKvk fvDPvi ˆZwi Kiv;
v) †PK I Rgv w¯−‡ci Dc‡i wK¬qvwis wmj Ges †P‡Ki †cQ‡b h_vh_ mZ¨vqb Kiv;
vi) wK¬qvwis †iwR÷ªvi, wmwWDj Ges fvDPvi cix¶v Kiv;
vii) †PK-Rgvi w¯−c, wmwWDj I Ab¨vb¨ fvDPv‡ii 1g Kwc kvLvq †i‡L Aci 2wU Kwc cÖwZwbwai
gva¨‡g Af¨š—ixY wbKvk N‡i †cÖiY|
viii) kvLv Abyhvqx Ges e¨vsK Abyhvqx ˆZwi ZvwjKvi †hvMdj wbY©q Ges e¨v‡jÝ wbY©q Kiv|

L) Aš—g©yLx wbKvk (Inward Clearing) t

Aš—g©yLx wbKvk ewnM©vgx wbKv‡ki wecixZ w`K| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ †PK¸‡jv cvevi ciB cÖ_‡g cÖvß †P‡Ki
UvKvi cwi‡kv‡ai mwVKZv wbY©q Kiv nq| AZtci †PK †hme wnmv‡ei Dci KvUv n‡q‡Q, †mme wnmv‡e
†WweU K‡i cÖ`vb Kiv nq| †Kvb Kvi‡Y †PK Agh©v`v n‡j Zv ewnM©vgx wbKvkKvix e¨vs‡Ki wbKU †dir
†`qv nq| †gvU K_v Aš—g©~Lx wbKvk c×wZ n‡”Q cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ †PKmg~n wbKvk M‡ii gva¨‡g
cÖ`vbKvix kvLvq Avbv Ges cwi‡kv‡ai e¨e¯’v Kiv| Zvn‡j eySv hv‡”Q †h, Av`vqKvix kvLvi Rb¨ hv
ewnM©vgx wbKvk, cÖ`vbKvix kvLvi Rb¨ ZvB Aš—g©yLx wbKvk|
2. Avš—t kvLv wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg (Inter Branch Clearing Procedure) t
Avš—t kvLv wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q t
i) cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡g wewfbœ kvLv †_‡K AvbxZ †PK, WªvdUmg~n kvLv Abyhvqx Ges e¨vsK Abyhvqx web¨vm
Kiv;
ii) wK¬qvwis †iwR÷ªv‡i c„_K c„_K fv‡e Zv G¨vw›Uª Kiv;
iii) wmwWDj ˆZwi Kiv Ges Zv wK¬qvwis e¨v‡jwÝs †iwR÷ªvi G¨vw›Uª Kiv;
iv) e¨v‡jÝmg~n wg‡j †M‡j kvLvi †PK¸‡jv kvLv cÖwZwbwa‡`i Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki †PK Zv‡`i
cÖwZwbwa‡`i wbKU cÖ`vb Kiv;
v) kvLv-cÖwZwbwa KZ©„K wbR-wbR kvLvi †P‡Ki Rb¨ wmwWDj I fvDPvi ˆZwi Kiv;
vi) fvDPvi I Rgv w¯−‡ci cÖ_g Kwc Af¨š—ixY wbKvk N‡i cÖ`vb K‡i Ab¨ `yB Kwc wbKvk fvDPvi, †PK
Ges kv_v n‡Z AvbxZ wbKvk fvDPvi 2q Kwc K‡i P~ovš— wbKv‡ki Rb¨ kvLv-cÖwZwbwa‡`i A‡c¶v Kiv;
vii) Ab¨ e¨vs‡Ki †PKmg~‡ni Rb¨ e¨vsK cÖwZwbwa KZ©„K wmwWDj Ges `yB Kwc nvDR mxU ˆZwi K‡i P~ovš—
wbKv‡ki Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K Mgb Kiv|
3. Avš—t e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg (Inter Bank Clearing Proredure) ev wbKvk c×wZ (Clearing System)
:
BDwbU `yB c„yôv-24
 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK †jb-†`b wb wˇZ wbKvk Ni myk„sLj, AZ¨vaywbK Ges ˆeÁvwbK cš’v
Aej¤^b K‡i _v‡K|
kvLv Ges Avš—tkvLv e¨vswKs cš’vq Avcwb †`‡L‡Qb †h †Kvb †`bv-cvIbvi m„wó n‡j H e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb Awdm
wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| Aci w`‡K Avš—te¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb wËi Rb¨ e¨vsK¸‡jv wbKvk N‡ii
mvnvh¨ wb‡q _v‡K| Giƒc †¶‡Î e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaMY ¯^-¯^ e¨vs‡Ki cvIbvi ZvwjKvmn †PK, WªvdU, ûwÛ wb‡q
wbKvk N‡i Dcw¯’Z nq Ges ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ weeiYx wewbgq K‡i GKwU †gvU mgwb¦Z weeiYx ˆZwi K‡i| hv
†_‡K mn‡RB cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †`bv-cvIbv †ei Kiv hvq| AZtci wbKvk N‡ii cwiPvjK H weeiYx cix¶v K‡i
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msiw¶Z Znwej †_‡K †`bv-cvIbv wb wË K‡ib| GB Kvh©µg‡K Avgiv wbæiƒ‡c eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvwi-
i) wewfbœ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa KZ©„K AvbxZ †PK, WªvdU I ûwÛmg~n e¨vsK Abyhvqx web¨vm Kiv Ges cÖwZwU
e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwai wbKU Zv‡`i †PK¸‡jv n¯—vš—i Kiv t
ii) e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa KZ©„K wmwWDj ˆZwi Kiv, B‡Zvc~‡e© ˆZwiK…Z GKB nvDR kx‡U wewfbœ e¨vsK n‡Z cÖvß
†PK G¨vw›Uª K‡i B‡Zvc~‡e© AvbxZ I P~ovš— wbKvk Ni n‡Z cÖvß †PK, WªvdU UvKvi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨
e¨eavb †ei Kiv;
iii) †ei Kiv e¨eavb ev †`bv-cvIbv evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K msiw¶Z dv‡Û Rgv ev LiP †`Lv‡bv;
iv) cÖwZ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa KZ©„K nvDR kx‡Ui g~j Kwc evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K Rgv w`‡q 2q Kwc mZ¨vqb K‡i
†PK, WªvdU, ûwÛmn wbR wbR e¨vs‡K wd‡i Avbv|
D‡j−L¨ †h, †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖZ¨¶ ZË¡veav‡b wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg cÖwZKg© w`e‡m `yB evi AbywôZ nq| cÖ_g
Awa‡ek‡b wb‡Ri bv‡g KvUv †PK¸‡jv cÖwZwU e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa msMÖn K‡i kvLvq wd‡i hvq Ges †Kvb †PK
Agh©v`v n‡j D³ w`e‡mi 2q Awa‡ek‡b Zv dqmvjv Kiv nq| Av‡iv D‡j−L¨ †h evsjv‡`‡k †hLv‡b evsjv‡`k
e¨vs‡Ki kvLv †bB †mLv‡b †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki c‡¶ †mvbvjx e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K|
wbKvk N‡i cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ cÖwZwU e¨vsK GKwU K‡i weeiYx ˆZwi K‡i| hvi 1wU
bgybv wb‡æ †`qv n‡jv t
w` weµgcyi e¨vsK wjt
wbKvkN‡i †cÖwiZe¨ weeiYx
ZvwiL t 20/08/2003Bs
e¨vs‡Ki bvg †PK bs I msL¨v †`bv cvIbv DØ„Ë bxU
DØ„Ë
†`bv cvIbv
1. RbZv e¨vsK 5wU †PK (bs I †PK 3,00,00 1,50,00 1,50,0 --
mv‡_ hy³) 0 0 00
2. AMÖYx e¨vsK 9wU ( H ) 1,00,00 2,75,00 -- 175,0
0 0 00
3. w` gv`vixcyi e¨vsK 15wU ( H ) 6,03,00 5,00,00 97,00 --
(evt) wjt 0 0 0
4. w` Kzwóqv e¨vsK wjt 5wU †PK ( H ) 90,000 2,70,00 -- 180,0
0 00
5. w` MvRxcyi e¨vsK wjt 8 wU †PK ( H ) 1,20,00 1,11,00 9,000 --
0 0
†gvU 12,13,0 13,06,0 - 355,0 99,00
00 00 2,56,0 00 0
00
BDwbU `yB c„ôv-25
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

Giƒc ZvwjKvfz³ cÖwZwU e¨vsK wbKvk N‡i †cÖwiZe¨ weeiYx ˆZwi K‡i Ges wbKvk N‡i cÖ`vb K‡i| e¨vs‡Ki
weeiYxi Av‡jv‡K wbKvk Ni KZ©„c¶ GKwU mgwb¦Z weeiYx ˆZwi K‡i| hv‡Z cÖwZwU e¨vs‡Ki †`bv I cvIbv
c„_K N‡i †`Lv‡bv nq| hvi GKwU bgybv wb‡æ †`qv n‡jv t
wbKvk Ni
mygwb¦Z weeiYx
ZvwiL t 20/08/2003Bs
e¨vs‡Ki bvg †`bv cvIbv DØ„Ë
†`bv cvIbv
1. w` weµgcyi e¨vsK 2,56,000 3,55,000 -- 99,000
2. AMÖYx e¨vsK 5,00,000 6,00,000 1,00,000 2,51,000
3. w` gv`vixcyi e¨vsK (evt) wjt 5,00,000 7,51,000 --- 2,51,000
4. w` Kzwóqv e¨vsK wjt 450,000 3,00,000 1,50,000
5. w` MvRxcyi e¨vsK wjt 10,00,000 9,00,000 1,00,000 --
†gvU 29,06,000 29,06,000 3,50,000 3,50,000
Dc‡iv³ mgwb¦Z wbKvk Ni weeiYxi Av‡jv‡K cÖwZwU e¨vs‡Ki †`bv-cvIbv †K›`ªxq evs‡K msiw¶Z mswk−ó
e¨vs‡Ki PjwZ wn‡m‡e †WweU ev †µwWU (†`bvi Rb¨ †WweU Ges cvIbvi Rb¨ †µwWU) K‡i wb wË Kiv nq|
Z‡e ¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e †h, wbKvk N‡ii AvIZv I Kvh© GjvKvfz³ †PK¸‡jvB ïay mswk−ó wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g
wb wË Kiv hv‡e| GjvKv ewnf©~Z †PK n‡j Zv mswk−ó GjvKvi wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡gB Zv wb wË Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hgb- AMÖYx e¨vsK, Kzwóqv kvLvi GKwU †PK gv`vixcyi RbZv e¨vsK, Kzwóqv kvLvi GKwU †PK gv`vixcyi
RbZv e¨vs‡K Rbv †`qv n‡jv| GgZve¯’vq gv`vixcyi RbZv e¨vsK Zv ¯’vbxq wbKvk N‡ii Dc¯’vcb bv K‡i
Kzwóqv¯’ RbZv e¨vs‡Ki kvLvi gva¨‡g Zv wb wËi Rb¨ AMÖYx e¨vsK, Kzwóqv kvLvq Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
KwZcq cÖ‡qvwMK kã t
K) Article t cÖwZwU m`m¨ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g RgvK…Z †PK, WªvdU, nwÛ, cÖvc¨ wej BZ¨vw`i mgwóK wbKvk
N‡ii cÖ‡qvwMK fvlvq ejv nq Article.
L) Charges t A‡bK¸‡jv AvwU©K¨vj Gi mgwó‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e ejv nq Charges.
M) Inward Clearing t Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki wbKU n‡Z GKwU e¨vs‡Ki cÖvc¨ mKj Charges †K H e¨vs‡Ki
fvlvq ejv nq Inward Clearing .
N) Outward Clearing t Aci w`‡K †Kvb e¨vsK KZ©„K Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡K cwi‡kva‡hvM¨ †gvU charges †K H
e¨vs‡Ki fvlvq ejv nq Outward Clearing.

cvV-ms‡¶c
GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKvi e¨vsKmg~‡ni GKwU †K›`ªxq cÖwZôvb n‡jv wbKvk Ni| †hLv‡b m`m¨ e¨vsK¸‡jv cÖwZw`b
`yBevi wgwjZ n‡q Zv‡`i nv‡Z RgvK…Z †PK, WªvdU, wewbgq wej I ûwÛ n‡Z m„ó cvi¯úwiK †`bv cvIbv †K›`ªxq
e¨vsK Zv Zvi cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡g wb wË K‡i|
wbKvk N‡ii ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wba©vwiZ K¶, wbw`©ó mgq, m`m¨ c` Ae¯’vb, GKK cÖwZôvb, wbw`©ó wbqg, ¯^vqË
kvmb, cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y Ges †`bv-cvIbv wb wË|
wbKvk N‡ii myweavi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †`bv-cvIbvi mnR I `ª“Z wb wË, wgZe¨qx, mgq evPvq, †jb‡`b Z¡ivwb¦Z, ¯^í
bM` AvgvbZ A_© ¯’vbvš—‡i mvnvh¨, A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Abyaveb Ges FY wbqš¿Y|
wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg‡K kvLv, Avš—t kvLv Ges Avš—te¨vsK GB wZb ¯—‡i fvM Kiv hvq| kvLv ch©v‡qi Kvh©µ‡gi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ewnM©vgx Ges Aš—gy©Lx wbKvk| Av`vqKvix kvLvi Rb¨ hv ewnM©vgx wbKvk cÖ`vbKvix kvLvi Rb¨ BnvB
Aš—g©yLx wbKvk Kvh©µg| Avš—t kvLv wbKvk Kvh©µ‡g ïay mswk−ó e¨vs‡Ki cÖ`vb Awdm wbKvk N‡i `vwqZ¡ cvjb
BDwbU `yB c„yôv-26
 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

K‡i| Aci w`‡K Avš—te¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK †jb-†`b wb wË Kiv nq
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g| GB cš’vq cÖ‡Z¨K e¨vs‡Ki †`bv cvIbvi weeiYxi Av‡jv‡K GKwU mgwb¦Z weeiYx ˆZwi
Kiv nq Ges †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K msiw¶Z cÖ‡Z¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwej †_‡K †`bv-cvIbv wb wË K‡i †`qv nq| Z‡e wbKvk
N‡ii AvIZvi †PK¸‡jvB ïay mswk−ó wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g wb wË Kiv hvq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 2.3

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK ( ) wPý w`b-
1. GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKvi e¨vsKmg~‡ni †K›`ªxq cÖwZôv‡bi bvg wK?
K. wnmve Ni L. wbKvk Ni
M. †K›`ªxq Mi N. me KwU
2. wbKvk Ni †`bv-cvIbv wb wËi Rb¨ w`‡b K'evi wgwjZ nq?
K. 1 evi L. 2 evi
M. mvivw`‡b h‡Zvevi Lywk N. 4 evi
3. wbKvk N‡ii g~j ˆewkó¨ n‡jv †KvbwU?
K. wba©vwiZ K¶ L. m`m¨ c`
M. wbw`©ó wbqg N. †`bv-cvIbv wb wË
4. wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µ‡gi g~j myweav n‡jv-
K. †`bv-cvIbv mnR I `ª“Z wb wË L. A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Abyaveb
M. A_© ¯’vbvš—i N. †jb‡`b Z¡ivwb¦Z
5. wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©µg wb‡æi †Kvb fv‡M wef³?
K. kvLv, Avš—t kvLv, Avš—t e¨vsK L. kvLv, eû kvLv, eû e¨vsK
M. Avš—t kvLv, Avš—t e¨vsK N. mKj kvLv, mKj e¨vsK
6. Avš—te¨vsK †`bv-cvIbv wK‡mi Av‡jv‡K wb wË nq?
K. cÖwZ e¨vs‡Ki weeiYx L. mnvqK weeiYx
M. mgwb¦Z weeiYx N. †`bv-cvIbv weeiYx|

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-27

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 4 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki A_© mieivn I FY wbqš¿Y

 D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 A_© mieivn Ges Zvi Dcv`vb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 FY wbqš¿Y, Bnvi cÖ‡qvRb I c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

welqe¯—z t
A_© mieivn t evRv‡i A_© I FY mieivn Kvg¨ ch©v‡q ivLv AwZ Ri“ix welq| AwZwi³ A_© evRv‡i mieivn Kiv
n‡j g~`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q| d‡j g~j¨¯—i cÖfvweZ nq cY¨g~j¨ e„w× cvq, g~`ªvi Aeg~j¨vqb N‡U A_©vr UvKvi µq
¶gZv K‡g hvq| Aci w`‡K evRv‡i A_© mieivn ev F‡Yi cwigvY n«vm †c‡j RvZxq Dcv`vbI Drcv`bkxjZv n«vm
cvq| GB mgm¨v KvwU‡q IVvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i Zv A_© mieivn I FY wbqš¿Y wn‡m‡e
MY¨|
GK K_vq A_© mieivn ej‡Z †`‡ki miKvi KZ©„K Bmy¨K…Z wewnZ g~`ªvi †gvU cwigvY‡K eySvq| e¨vcK A‡_©, wewnZ
g~`ªvi mv‡_ e¨vsK m„ó g~`ªv †hgb †PK, wewbgq wej, †µwWU KvW© BZ¨vw` n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨ `wjj‡KI A_©-mievivn e‡j|
KviY e¨vsK g~`ªv e¨env‡ii d‡j A‡_©i Dc‡hvM I mieivn cÖfvweZ nq|
†`‡k cÖPwjZ g~`ªv Ges mwÂZ AvgvbZ †_‡K A_© mieivn cwiw¯’wZ cwigvc Kiv hvq| Aci w`‡K cÖPwjZ g~`ªvi
AveZ©b Ges †PK I †µwWU KvW© ev Avgvb‡Zi AveZ©b A_© mieiv‡ni Dci cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| KviY AveZ©b ev
MwZe„w× h‡Zv †ewk nq, A‡_©i mieivn ev Dc‡hvM ZZB e„w× cvq|
Gg.wm.fvBm Gi g‡Z ms‡¶‡c †gvU g~`ªv mieivn n‡jv wewnZ I wewnZ g~`ªvi AveZ©‡bi mv‡_ e¨vsK g~`ªv I e¨vsK
g~`ªvi AveZ©‡bi mgwói mgvb|
†gvU K_v, GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q GKwU wbw`©ó †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Bmy¨K…Z KvMRx †bvU I g~`ªv ev †PK, †µwWU KvW©,
wewbgq wej BZ¨vw` n¯—vš—i †hvM `wjj Ges GKB mv‡_ Dfq g~`ªvi AveZ©‡bi cwigvY ØvivB †mB †`‡ki A_©
mieiv‡ni cwigvY cwigvc Kiv nq|
A_© mieiv‡ni Dcv`vb t †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q evRv‡i A_© mieiv‡ni cwigvY cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ Bnvi 3wU Dcv`vb
we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| h_v-
1. cÖPwjZ wewnZ g~`ªv t †Kvb †`‡ki miKv‡ii c‡¶ †mB †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h KvMRx †bvU I g~`ªv Bmy¨ K‡i
_v‡K Zv‡KB cÖPwjZ wewnZ g~`ªv e‡j| ZvB †`‡ki mvgwMÖK m¤ú` I Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi Av‡jv‡K †`‡ki
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRx †bvU I g~`ªv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Bmy¨ K‡i _v‡Kb|
2. e¨vsK AvgvbZ I FY t e¨vs‡K RgvK…Z AvgvbZ Ges e¨vs‡Ki m„ó FY evRv‡i A_© mieiv‡ni GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
Dcv`vb| e¨vs‡K RgvK…Z Avgvb‡Zi wec‡¶ †PK, †µwWU KvW©, wewbgq wej ev n¯—vš—i †hvM¨ `wj‡ji Øviv A_©
mieivn e„w× cvq| Aci w`‡K e¨vsK †_‡K FY mieivn Kiv n‡jI evRv‡i A_© mieivn e„w× cvq|
3. Rbmvavi‡Yi AvPiY t RbmvaviY UvKv wb‡R‡`i nv‡Z KZ¶Y Rgv K‡i ev AvUwK‡q iv‡L Zvi Dci evRv‡ii
A_© mieivn cÖfvweZ nq| †hgb- Kv‡iv nv‡Z hw` 1wU UvKv wM‡q AvU‡K hvq, Z‡e g~`ªv mieivn Kg‡e|
Avevi Zv hw` `ª“ZB nvZ e`j n‡Z _v‡K Z‡e, Bnvi mieivn e„w× cv‡e| Abyiƒcfv‡e RbMY e¨vsK g~`ªv
AvUwK‡q †i‡L ev `ª“Z nvZ e`j K‡iI A‡_©i mieivn Kgv‡Z ev evov‡Z cv‡i|
cÖPwjZ wewnZ g~`ªvi cÖPjbKvix n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ges e¨vsK g~`ªvi mieivnKvix n‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| ZvB
ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evRv‡i A_© I FY mieivn Kvg¨ ¯—‡i
ivLvi me©vÍ
K †Póv K‡i _v‡K|

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-28

 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

FY wbqš¿Y (Credit Control)

FY wbqš¿Y †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR| GK K_vq FY wbqš¿Y ej‡Z Ggb †KŠkj‡K eySvq hv Øviv
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY`vb ¶gZv I Kvh©µg‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i|
Avcwb B‡Zvc~‡e© †R‡b‡Qb †h, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY m„wó K‡i| Zv‡`i m„ó FY Kvg¨gvÎvi AwZwi³ n‡j g~`ªvùxwZmn
wewfbœ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| Aci w`‡K Kvg¨gvÎvi Kg n‡j g›`ve¯’vmn wewfbœ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| ZvB †`‡ki myôz I
mylg A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb wbwð‡Zi Rb¨B †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges Kvg¨¯—‡i ivLvi †Póv K‡i|
†gvU K_v, †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb I mg„w×i Rb¨ †h cš’vq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K I Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki
FY`vb cÖwµqv‡K Kvg¨ ¯—‡i ivLvi †Póv K‡i Zv‡K FY wbqš¿Y e‡j|
FY wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ ev cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
†`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| FY wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ ev
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K Avgiv wbæiƒ‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvwi| h_v-
1. A_©‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv t †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g FY wbqš¿‡Yi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv FY‡K Kvg¨gvÎvq †i‡L
†`‡ki A_©‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv mywbwðZ Kiv|
2. g~j¨¯—‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv t FY wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ ev Kg FY m„wó‡Z
evav †`qv nq| d‡j g~`ªvùxwZ ev g~`ªvms‡KvPb †`Lv †`qv bv Ges g~j¨¯—‡i w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq _v‡K|
3. g~`ªvùxwZ ev ms‡KvPb †iva t FY wbqš¿‡Yi GKwU we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv †`k‡K g~`ªv ùxwZ ev g~`ªv ms‡KvP‡bi
nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv|
4. A‡_©i Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡b w¯’wZkxjZv t †`‡k A_©‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZvi c~e©kZ© n‡jv A‡_©i †hvMvb I Pvwn`vq
w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLv| hv FY wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡gB m¤¢e|
5. Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó t PvKzwii c~Y© wbðqZv weavb KivI FY wbqš¿‡Yi GKwU D‡Ïk¨| cÖ‡qvR‡bi Av‡jv‡K
F‡Yi †hvMvb †c‡q wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jv `¶Zvi mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ nq Ges wbZ¨ bZzb wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o D‡V|
d‡j Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨vcK my‡hvM m„wó nq|
6. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq nv‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv t ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq nv‡i cÖwZwbqZ cwieZ©b NU‡j ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i
cwigvY n«vm cv‡e| ZvB ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv mv‡_ †`kxq g~`ªvi wewbgq nv‡ii g‡a¨ mgZv I w¯’wZkxjZv i¶v Kiv
FY wbqš¿‡Yi Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨|
7. m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g †`‡ki wkí, evwYR¨ I Drcv`b Gi mKj †¶‡Î
m¤ú‡`i mylg e›Ub wbwðZ K‡i| d‡j GjvKv I LvZwfwËK ˆelg¨ `~i nq Ges Dbœq‡b fvimvg¨ wbwðZ nq|
8. RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb t †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki myôz FY wbqš¿‡Yi d‡j g~j¨¯—‡ii g‡a¨, A‡_©i Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi
g‡a¨ Ges A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ w¯’wZkxjZv Av‡m| bZzb Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq Ges m¤ú‡`i mylg
e›Ub nq| dj¯^iƒc RbM‡Yi Avq I †fv‡Mi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q Rxeb-hvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb nq|
9. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ggbfv‡e FY wbqš¿Y K‡i hv‡Z K‡i †`‡ki Drcv`b, wkí, evwYR¨ Ges
wewb‡qvM mKj LvZ mgvb Zv‡K A_© eivÏ †c‡q `¶Zvi mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i| d‡j †`‡ki mvgvwMÖK
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi DbœwZ nq|
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ (Methods of Credit Control by Central Bank)
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †hmKj c×wZ ev †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i Zv Avgiv wbæiƒ‡c
†`Lv‡Z cvwit
K) cwigvYMZ c×wZ (Quantitative Method)
1. e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b bxwZ
2. †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ
3. wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ
BDwbU `yB c„ôv-29
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

L) ¸YMZ ev wbe©vPbg~jK c×wZ (Qualitative or Selective Method)

1. F‡Yi eivÏKiY bxwZ
2. cÖZ¨¶ kvw¯—g~jK e¨e¯’v
3. ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv
4. cÖPviYvg~jK c×wZ
5. †fvM¨c‡Y¨ FY wbqš¿Y
6. Avek¨Kxq Lv‡Z FY`vb
7. RvgvbwZ F‡Yi cÖvwš—K nvi
wb‡æ GmKj c×wZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
1. cwigvYMZ c×wZ (Quantitative method)
†h c×wZ‡Z F‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Ges e¨env‡ii cÖwZ `„wó bv †i‡L mivmwi n¯—‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi
FY`vb Kg©m~wP‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv nq, Zv‡K cwigvYMZ FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ e‡j| Bnv‡K msL¨vMZ ev mvaviY FY
wbqš¿Y c×wZ e‡j| GB c×wZ‡Z FY wbqš¿‡Y 3wU †KŠkj ev bxwZ Aej¤^b Kiv nq| hv Avgiv Dc‡ii wP‡Î
†`‡LwQ| Gevi GB 3wU †KŠkj ev bxwZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1. e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b bxwZ ev †KŠkj (Bank Rate Changing policy or Technique) t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv
†h my‡`i nv‡ii wewbg‡q †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKU †_‡K FY MÖnY Ges cÖ_g †kªYxi wewbgq wejmg~n evÆv K‡i †`q,
†mB nvi‡K ejv nq e¨vsK nvi| µvD_v‡ii g‡Z e¨vsK nvi n‡jv my‡`i †mB nvi, hvi wfwˇZ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi
m`m¨ e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K ev g~`ªv evRv‡i cÖ`Ë F‡Yi Rb¨ my` Av`vq K‡i _v‡K| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b
K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| GB c×wZ wKiƒ‡c Kvh©Ki Kiv nq Gevi †m m¤ú‡K© `ywU cÖm‡½
Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
1g cÖm½ t hLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡L †h evRv‡i ch©vß cwigvY FY Qvov n‡q‡Q, ZLb F‡Yi my‡`i nvi e„w× K‡i|
d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv Kg FY cÖ`vb K‡i Ges RbmvaviYI Kg FY MÖnY K‡i| weKí cš’v wn‡m‡e RbMY
D”Pvnv‡i my‡`i cÖZ¨vkvq e¨vs‡K AwaK nv‡i UvKv Rgv iv‡L|
2q cÖm½ t hLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡L †h, evRv‡i A_© ev F‡Yi cwigvY K‡g wM‡q‡Q, ZLb F‡Yi Dci my‡`i nvi
Kwg‡q †`q| d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv AwaK cwigv‡Y FY cÖ`vb K‡i Ges RbmvaviYI AwaK cwigv‡Y FY MÖnY
K‡i|
Gfv‡e cÖ‡qvRb I Ae¯’vi Av‡jv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK my‡`i nvi n«vm-e„w× K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY`vb
Kvh©µg‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| GB bxwZi Øviv A_©‰bwZK g›`v Ges g~`ªvùxwZRwbZ mgm¨v Lye mn‡RB KvwU‡q DVv
hvq|
e¨vsK nvi n«vm Kivi cÖfve t evRv‡i A_© I F‡Yi †hvMvb Kg n‡j g›`ve¯’v †`Lv †`q| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK g›`ve¯’v
KvwU‡q DVvi Rb¨ e¨vsK nvi Kwg‡q †`q| e¨vsK nvi Kwg‡q †`qvi d‡j wKQy myewav I Amyweav †`Lv †q, hv wbæiƒc-
K) e¨vsK nvi n«v‡mi myweav t e¨vsK nvi n«vm Kivi d‡j wbæiƒc myweav¸‡jv AwR©Z nq-
i) evRv‡i my‡`i nvi K‡g hvq;
ii) e¨emvqx I wkícwZMY AwaK nv‡i FY MÖnY K‡i; hvi d‡j evRv‡i F‡Yi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq;
iii) wkí I e¨emvq-evwYR¨ Kvh©µg e„w× cvq;
iv) †`kxq A_©bxwZ‡Z MwZmÂvi nq;
v) †`kxq Drcv`b, wewb‡qvM I ißvwb ew„× cvq;
vi) Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq Ges †eKvi mgm¨v n«vm cvq Ges
vii) RbM‡Yi Avq, µq ¶gZv Ges †fvM e„w× †c‡q Rxeb hvÎvi gvb DbœZ nq|

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-30

 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

L) e¨vsK nvi n«v‡mi Amyweav t e¨vsK nvi n«vm Kivi d‡j †hmKj mgm¨v †`Lv †`q Zv wbæiƒc-
i) evRv‡i FY mieivn ew× cvq;
ii) `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× †c‡q g~`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q;
iii) †`kxq g~`ªvi µq¶gZv n«vm †c‡q mÂq n«vm cvq;
iv) Avg`vwb e„w× cvq Ges ißvwb Avq Zzjbvg~jK n«vm †c‡q ˆe‡`wkK g~`ªv wiRv‡f©i cwigvY n«vm cvq|
GmKj Amyweav¸‡jv KvwU‡q DVvi Rb¨ e¨vsK nvi e„w× Kiv nq|
e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b bxwZi cÖfve t cÖ_‡g Avmv hvK e¨vsK nvi e„w× cÖfveÑ
evRv‡i A_© I F‡Yi †hvMvb e„w× †c‡j g~`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK GB Ae¯’v KvwU‡q DVvi Rb¨ e¨vsK nvi
e„w× K‡i| Bnvi d‡j wbæiƒc m„weav Ges Amyweav †`Lv †`q-
K) e¨vsK nvi e„w×i myweav t e¨vsK nvi e„w×i d‡j wbæiƒc myweav¸‡jv jvf Kiv hvq-
i) e¨vsK Rvgvb‡Zi Dci my‡`i nvi e„w× cvq;
ii) †kqvi wmwKDwiwU I FYc‡Îi g~j¨ n«vm cvq;
iii) c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v I g~j¨ n«vm cvq;
iv) Avg`vwb n«vm †c‡q ißvwb e„w× †c‡q| d‡j g~j¨ cwi‡kva fvimvg¨ (Balance of Payment) †`‡ki
AbyK‚‡j Av‡m;
vi) we‡`kx‡`i wbKU †`kxq cY¨ I g~`ªvi Pvwn`v e„w×i d‡j Zviv †`‡k AwaK wewb‡qv‡M AvMÖnx nq;
vii) g~`ªv
evRv‡i dUKv e¨emvqxi msL¨v n«vm cvq|
L) e¨vsK nvi e„w×i d‡j Amyweav t e¨vsK nvi e„w×i d‡j †h mKj mgm¨v †`Lv †`q Zv wbæiƒc-
i) e¨emvqx I wkícwZMY Kg FY MÖnY K‡i d‡j wewb‡qvM Kg nq;
ii) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡Z Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q Ajm UvKv Ae¨eüZ _v‡K;
iii) c‡Y¨i Drcv`b Pvwn`v I g~j¨ n«vm cvq;
iv) KjKviLvbv eÜ n‡q hvq Ges †eKvi mgm¨vi m„wó nq;
v) gybvdv I Avq Kgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ RbM‡Yi µg ¶gZvI n«vm cvq BZ¨vw`|
GB Ae¯’v hLb gvivÍK AvKvi aviY K‡i ZLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Avevi e¨vsK my‡`i nvi n«vm K‡i A_©bxwZ‡Z MwZ
mÂvi K‡i|
2. †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ (Open Market Policy) t
FY wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K †Lvjv evRv‡i miKvwi eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, FYcÎ BZ¨vw`i µq-weµq‡K
†Lvjv evRvi bxwZ e‡j| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK `ywU cš’vq GKvR K‡i _v‡Kt
K) hLb †`‡L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î i¶Ykxj bxwZi d‡j evRv‡i A_© I F‡Yi msKU ev g›`v
†`Lv w`‡q‡Q, ZLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Lvjv evRvi n‡Z eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, FY cÎ µq K‡i| d‡j evRv‡i A‡_©i
mieivn, wewb‡qvM A_©‰bwZK Kg©PvÂj¨ Drcv`b I gRywi e„w× cvq Ges cY¨g~j¨ e„w× cvq| evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK¸‡jvi wiRvf© I FY`vb ¶gZv e„w× cvq|
L) Aci w`‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK hLb †`‡L †h evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv evRv‡i cÖPyi A_© I FY weZiY Kivi d‡j
g~`ªvùxwZ †`Lv w`‡”Q ZLb †m †Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, FYcÎ weµq K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK I RbMY
Zv µq K‡i| d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi wiRvf© Ges FY`vb ¶gZv K‡g hvq|
GLv‡b †Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU I FYcÎ weµ‡qi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki kvLv wbqš¿Y
K‡i _v‡K|

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-31

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

†Lvjv evRvi bxwZi cÖfve t FY wbqš¿Y †KŠkj wn‡m‡e †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ Aej¤^b Kiv n‡j Bnvi wKQy cÖfve †`Lv
hvq, hv wb‡æ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
K) †Lvjv evRvi †_‡K eÛ, wmwKDwiwU FY cÎ µq Kivi myweav t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK hLb †Lvjv evRvi †_‡K eÛ,
wmwKDwiwU, FYcÎ µq K‡i ZLb wKQy myweav cvIqv hvq| hv wbæiƒc-
i) eÛ, wmwKDwiwU I FYc‡Îi µqK…Z g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evRv‡i bM` A_© mieivn K‡i;
ii) we‡µZvi cÖvß weµq jä A_© evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L- G‡Z evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ¶gZv e„w×
cvq;
iii) evRv‡i wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq;
iv) e¨emvq-evwYR¨ m¤úªmvwiZ nq Ges Kg©s¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq;
v) RbM‡Yi Avq I Rxeb hvÎvi gvb Dbœqb nq|
L) †Lvjv evRv‡i µq Kivi Amyweav t †ek myweav _vKvi ciI †Lvjv evRvi †_‡K KvÛ, wmwKDwiwU I FYcÎ µq
Kivi d‡j wKQy mgm¨v †`Lv †`q, hv wbæiƒcÑ
i) evRv‡i F‡Yi cwigvY e„w× cvq;
ii) g~`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q;
iii) `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× cvq Ges g~`ªvgvb K‡g hvq;
iv) ißvwb n«vm Ges Avg`vwb e„w× †c‡q ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ cÖwZK‚‡j e‡j hvq|
M) †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq Kivi myweav t †Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, FYcÎ weµq Kivi d‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
evRvi †_‡K bM` A_© Zz‡j †bq| Gi d‡j cÖvß myweav¸‡jv wbæiƒct
i) evRv‡i g~`ªvùxwZ n«vm cvq;
ii) †`kxq g~`ªvi wewbgq ¶gZv e„w× †c‡q ißvwb Avq e„w× cvq;
iii) `ªe¨g~j¨ n«vm cvq;
iv) we‡`‡k †`kxq c‡Y¨i evRvi m„wó nq|
N) †Lvjv evRv‡i weµ‡qi Amyweav t †Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, FYcÎ BZ¨vw` weµ‡qi d‡j wbæiƒc mgm¨v
†`Lv †`q t
i) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki RvgvbZ K‡g wM‡q FY`vb ¶gZv n«vm cvq;
ii) evRv‡i A_©bxwZ g›`vfve †`Lv †`q;
iii) wewb‡qvM I Drcv`b n«vm cvq;
iv) e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨i m¤úªmviY n«vm †c‡q †eKvi mgm¨v †`Lv †`q;
v) kªwg‡Ki gRywi Ges µq ¶gZv n«vm cvq|
O) †Lvjv evRvi bxwZi mvd‡j¨i kZ©vejx t GB bxwZi mvdj¨ wb‡æv³ kZ©vejxi Dci wbf©ikxj t
i) GKwU my`¶, mymsMwVZ Ges Kvh©Ki wmwKDwiwU evRv‡ii Dcw¯’wZ;
ii) A_© evRv‡i cÖPyi cwigv‡Y miKvwi I †emiKvwi eÛ, ÷K Ges wmwKDwiwUi Dcw¯’wZ Ges mn‡RB Zv
µq-weµq e¨e¯’v;
iii) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv KZ©„K wbqwgZ wba©vwiZ nv‡i wiRvf© AbycvZ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Rgv ivLv;
iv) †`‡ki g~`ªv evRv‡ii Dci †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y|
P) †Lvjv evRvi bxwZi mxgve×Zv t †h mKj Kvi‡Y †LvjvevRvi bxwZ `¶Zv I dj`vqKZvi mv‡_ Kvh©Ki Kiv
hvq bv, Zv wbæiƒc-
i) †`‡k my`¶ mymsMwVZ Ges Kvh©Ki g~`ªv evRv‡ii Abycw¯’wZ Ges eÛ wmwKDwiwU I FYc‡Îi ¯^íZv;
ii) †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mym¤úK© I wbqš¿Y bv _vK‡j;
iii) †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Avgvb‡Zi Dci Rgv mwVKiƒ‡c gvbv bv n‡j;
iv) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †_‡K Aeva FYMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM †c‡jv;
v) RbMY evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K UvKv Rgv bv ivL‡j;
vi) evRv‡i ch©vß wewb‡qvM myweavi Afve BZ¨vw`|

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 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

e¨vsK nvi bxwZi mxgve×Zv t GB bxwZ mxgve×Zv¸‡jv wbæiƒc t

i) †`‡k my`¶ mymsMwVZ Ges Kvh©Ki g~`ªv evRv‡ii Abycw¯’wZ Ges ch©vß eÛ, wmwKDwiwU I FYc‡Îi
¯^íZv;
ii) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK mym¤ú‡K©i Afve;
iii) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Dci †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki K‡Vvi wbqš¿Y;
iv) e¨vsK nvi n«vm-e„w×i mv‡_ evRv‡ii my‡`i nvi n«vm e„w×i wgj bv _vK‡j;
v) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki nv‡Z AwZwi³ wiRvf© Znwej _vK‡j;
vi) †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v g›`v n‡j;
vii) evRv‡i GK‡PwUqv Ae¯’v we`¨gvb _vK‡j BZ¨vw`|

3. wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ (Poliy of Variation of Reserve Ratio) t

cÖPwjZ wbqg Abyhvqx mKj †`‡ki cÖwZwU ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K Zvi bM` Rvgvb‡Zi GKwU Ask
eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Rgv ivL‡Z nq| Bnv‡K eva¨Zvg~jK ev wewae× wiRvf© e‡j| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK hLb
GB eva¨Zvg~jK ev wewae× wiRv‡f©i nvi n«vm-e„w× K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y K‡i ZLb Zv‡K wiRv‡f©i
AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ ejv nq|
GB bxwZ Abyhvqx wiRv‡f©i cwigvY n«vm Ki‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Rvgvb‡Zi cwigvY e„w× cvq Ges wiRv‡f©i
cwigvY e„w× Ki‡j Bnv‡`i Rvgvb‡Zi cwigvY n«vm cvq| ZvB hLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡L †h, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv
AwaK cwigv‡Y Fb cÖ`vb Ki‡Q, ZLb FY mieivn cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Y ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRv‡f©i nvi ev
AbycvZ e„w× K‡i| d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K c~‡e©i †P‡q AwaK A_© †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Rgv ivL‡Z nq| G‡Z Zv‡`i
nv‡Z bM` UvKv Ges FY`vb ¶gZv K‡g hvq| g~`ªvùxwZ n«vm cvq Ges g~`ªvi wewbgq g~j¨ e„w× cvq|
Aciw`‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK hLb †`‡L †h, evRv‡i FY ms‡KvPb †`Lv w`‡q‡Q Ges evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ¶gZv
n«vm †c‡q‡Q, hv m¤úªmviY Kiv `iKvi| ZLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ ev nvi n«vm K‡i| d‡j evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K c~‡e©i †P‡q Kg A_© †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Rgv ivL‡Z nq| G‡Z Zv‡`i nv‡Z bM` UvKv Ges FY`vb ¶gZv
e„w× cvq| dj¯^iƒc A_© evRv‡i F‡Yi mieivn I wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq| bZzb Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq, gRywi I
Rxeb hvÎvi gvb e„w× cvq|
e¨vsK nvi I †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ mKj †`‡k mgvb fv‡e `¶Zvi mv‡_ e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| wKš—z wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ
cwieZ©b bxwZ AZ¨š— kw³kvjx I RbwcÖq c×wZ| Gi gva¨‡g cÖZ¨¶ Ges eva¨Zvg~jK fv‡e FY wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|
ZvB FY wbqš¿‡Yi Kvh©Ki †KŠkj wn‡m‡e wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ DbœZ Ges AbybœZ we‡k¦ e¨vcK e¨eüZ I
RbwcÖq|
wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZi cÖfve t wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZi e¨env‡ii d‡j A_© evRv‡i wKQy cÖfve
†`Lv hvq, hv wb‡æ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
K) wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ n«vm Kivi myweav t wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ n«vm Kivi d‡j A_© evRv‡i †h-mKj abvÍ K cÖfve ev
myweav †`Lv †`q Zv wbæiƒc t
i) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi bM` RvgvbZ Ges FY`vb ¶gZv e„w× cvq;
ii) evRv‡i FY mieivn I wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq;
iii) wkí I e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨ MwZ mÂvwiZ nq;
iv) Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM I gRywi e„w× cvq;
v) †`kxq Drcv`b I Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× cvq|
L) wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ n«vm Kivi Amyweav t
i) evRv‡i FY mieivn e„w× cvq;
ii) `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× †c‡q g~`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`q;
iii) †`kxq g~`ªvi µq ¶gZv I mÂq n«vm cvq;
iv) Avg`vwb e„w× cvq|
M) wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ e„w× Kivi myweav t wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ e„w× Ki‡j wbæiƒc myweav¸‡jv cvIqv hvq-
i) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ¶gZv I n«vm †c‡q g~`ªvùxwZ K‡g;
BDwbU `yB c„ôv-33
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

ii) evRv‡i A_©‰bwZK g›`vfve †`Lv †`qvq `ªe¨ gyj¨ n«vm cvq;
iii) ißvwb Avq K‡g Av‡m;
iv) we‡`‡k †`kxq c‡Y¨i evRvi cÖmvi N‡U BZ¨vw`|
N) wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ e„w× Kivi Amyweav t Gi d‡j m„ó Amyweav¸‡jv wbæiƒc t
i) Drcv`b, wewb‡qvM I wkí-evwY‡R¨i cÖmvi Kg nq;
ii) cY¨-`ª‡e¨i Drcv`b, Pvwn`vI g~j¨ n«vm cvq;
iii) wkí KviLvbv eÜ n‡q †eKvi mgm¨v †`Lv †`q;
iv) RbM‡Yi µq ¶gZv n«vm cvq;
v) ißvwb K‡g Avg`vwb n«vm cvq;
vi) evRv‡i A_©‰bwZK g›`vfve †`Lv †`q BZ¨vw`|
wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ mvd‡j¨i c~e©kZ© t GB bxwZi mvdj¨ wb‡æv³ kZ©vejxi Dci wbf©ikxj t
i) †`‡k GKwU mymsMwVZ Ges Kvh©Ki wmwKDwiwU evRv‡ii Dcw¯’wZ;
ii) †`‡k ZvwjKvfz³ Qvov †Kvb evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Abycw¯’wZ;
iii) ZvwjKvfz³ mKj evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Dci †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki my`„p I Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y;
iv) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Qvov Aci e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM Gi Afve|
wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZi mxgve×Zv t GB bxwZ AvaywbK we‡k¦i FY wbqš¿‡Y AZ¨š— AvaywbK Ges
Kvh©Ki e‡j AbywgZ n‡jI wb‡æv³ mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y Bnv‡K dj`vqKfv‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|
i) †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvewnf©~Z e¨vs‡Ki Dci GB bxwZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq bv;
ii) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Qvov Ab¨Î UvKv Rgv ivLv Ges Zv †_‡K FY MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM we`¨gvb;
iii) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Dci †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki K‡Vvi wbqš¿‡Yi Abycw¯’wZ;
iv) cÖwZwôZ bZzb I ¶z`ª e¨vs‡Ki †¶‡Î GB bxwZ dj`vqKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq bv;
v) †`‡ki A_© I F‡Yi evRv‡i g›`vfve †`Lv †`q;
vi) wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ B”QvgZ n«vm-e„w× Kiv hvq bv e‡j g~`ªvùxwZ ev g›`ve¯’v i¶vq Bnv fv‡jv dj †`q bv|
g~j K_v n‡jv †h wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ mwVKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡`i Bnvi mvd‡j¨i
c~e©kZ© Ges mxgve×Zv m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB Bnv e¨envi K‡i FY wbqš¿Y Kiv hv‡e| wKš—z
ev¯—‡e GB bxwZ GKKfv‡e †Zgb †Kvb Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB †LvjvevRvi bxwZ I Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b
bxwZi mv‡_ GB bxwZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j FY wbqš¿‡Y Avkvbyiƒc mydj cvIqv hv‡e|
L) ¸YMZ ev wbe©vPbg~jK c×wZ (Qualitative or Selective Method) t
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ mvaviYfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cwigvYMZ c×wZB e¨envi K‡i _v‡K|
Z‡e Zv †_‡K hw` Avkvbyiƒc dj cvIqv bv hvq ZLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK we‡kl j¶¨ ev D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †h
mKj c×wZ e¨envi K‡i Zv‡K, ¸YMZ ev wbe©vPbg~jK c×wZ e‡j| wb‡æ ¸YMZ ev wbe©vPbg~jK c×wZ¸‡jv
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt

1) F‡Yi eivÏKiY bxwZ (Rationing of Credit) t †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKB mg‡q mKj Lv‡Z FY
cÖ`vb mgvb ¸i“Z¡ enb K‡i bv| ZvB †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi MwZ-cÖK…wZ Ges Pvwn`vi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kvb LvZ‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i †ewk FY Ges †Kvb Lv‡Z KivKwi wewa wb‡la Av‡ivc K‡i Kg FY
†`qvi bxwZ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ges miK‡ii wba©vwiZ LvZmg~‡n
Kg ev †ewk FY eiv‡Ïi †KŠkj‡KB F‡Yi eivÏKiY bxwZ ejv nq| GB bxwZi d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv
Zv‡`i B‡”Q g‡Zv FY`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z K‡i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© LvZ¸‡jvB FY eivÏ cvq Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq ev
AevwÂZ FY n«vm cvq| ZvB AvaywbK we‡k¦ GB c×wZ e¨envi I Kvh©KvwiZv w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q|

2) kvw¯—g~jK e¨e¯’v (Direct Action Method) t †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I miKv‡i wba©vwiZ FY cÖ`vb c×wZ hLb
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †g‡b P‡j bv ZLb Zv‡`i Kvh©µg‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ †h cš’v Aej¤^b Kiv nq, Zv‡K
cÖZ¨¶ kvw¯—g~jK e¨e¯’v e‡j| GB cš’vq mswk−ó evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K bxwZgvjv †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ Kivi Rb¨
wb‡æv³ e¨e¯’v¸‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i-
K) e¨vsK F‡Yi Dci my‡`i nvi e„w× Kiv;
L) AwZwi³ wiRvf© msi¶‡Y wb‡`©k †`qv;

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-34

 e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 2q cÎ

M) wej cybt evÆvKiY bv Kiv ev ewa©Z PvR© avh© Kiv;

N) ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ wbKvk N‡ii my‡hvM eÜ ivLv BZ¨vw`|
GmKj e¨e¯’vw` MÖn‡Yi d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK eva¨ n‡qB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I miKv‡ii FY`vb bxwZ †g‡b P‡j|
ZvB FY wbqš¿‡Y GB AZ¨š— Kvh©Ki c×wZ|
3) ˆbwZK cªv‡ivPbv (Moral Persuation) t A‡bK mgq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K †Kvb
AvbyôvwbK wb‡`©k Rvwi bv K‡i FY wbqš¿‡Yi j¶¨-D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Rvwb‡q Zv †g‡b Pjvi Rb¨
ˆbwZKfv‡e cÖfvweZ Kivi †Póv K‡i| GB cÖ‡Póv ev Kvh©µg‡KB ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv e‡j| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h‡nZz
†`‡ki e¨vsK e¨e¯’v, A_© I g~`ªv eRv‡ii AwffveK †m‡nZz Zvi Dc‡`k civgk© †g‡b Pj‡Z evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK¸‡jv ˆbwZKfv‡e eva¨ _v‡K| ZvB AvaywbK we‡k¦ ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv AZ¨vš— dj`vqK I Kvh©Ki FY wbqš¿Y
c×wZ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z|

4) cÖPvibvg~jK c×wZ (Publicity Method) t e¨vsK I g~`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK wn‡m‡e †`‡k g~`ªv bxwZ, FY
bxwZ, e¨vswKs I Avw_©K cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© ZvwjKvfz³ I g~`ªv evRv‡i m`m¨‡`i AewnZ Kivi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq
e¨vsK cÎ-cwÎKv cÖKvk I cÖPvi K‡i Zv‡K cÖPviYvg~jK c×wZ e‡j| hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wewfbœ cÖKvi mvßvwnK,
gvwmK I evrmwiK cwÎKv, cÖwZ‡e`b, weeiYx, ey‡jwUb BZ¨vw`| Gi gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_© I FY evRv‡ii MwZ-
cÖK…wZ I me©‡kl Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© hvbv hvq| d‡j FY wbqš¿‡Yi †¶‡Î mnvqK cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZ I gZvg‡Zi
m„wó nq| m`m¨ e¨vsK¸‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖPvi-cÖPviYv †g‡b P‡j Ges FY wbqš¿Y cwiw¯’wZ DbœZ nq|

5) †fvM¨cY¨ FY wbqš¿Y (Consumers' Credit Control) t †fvM¨ cY¨ µ‡qi Rb¨ FY`vb Kg©m~wP ¸i“Z¡ I
e¨envi cÖwZw`b e„w× cv‡”Q| ZvB †fvM¨cY¨ µq Lv‡Z F‡Yi cwigvY cÖZ¨vwkZ gvÎvq eRvq ivLvi R¨ †h FY
wbqš¿Y c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †fvM¨c‡Y¨ FY wbqš¿Y e‡j| GB bxwZ Abyhvqx †K›`ªxq e¨vsK we‡kl
we‡kl †fvM¨c‡Y¨i fvov-Pyw³i wKw¯—i cwigvY n«vm ev e„w× K‡i †`q| d‡j e¨envi Kvix‡`i F‡Yi cÖwZ AvMÖn
Ges µq ¶gZv n«vm-e„w× n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr kZ© mnR Ges wKw¯—i msL¨v e„w× Kiv n‡j F‡Yi cwigvY e„w×
cv‡e| Aci w`‡K wKw¯—i msL¨v n«vm I kZ© KwVb Kiv n‡j F‡Yi cwigvY Kg‡e| ZvB DbœZ †`‡k GB c×wZi
cÖ‡qvM I e¨envi †ewk †`Lv hvq|

6) Avek¨Kxq Lv‡Z FY`vb (Credit to Essential Sectors) t hLb Kg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© I AevwÃZ Lv‡Z FY cÖ`vb bv
K‡i ïaygvÎ AwZRi“ix I Avek¨Kxq Lv‡Z FY cÖ`vb Kiv nq, Zv‡K Avek¨Kxq Lv‡Z FY`vb e‡j| G‡Z K‡i
AcÖ‡qvRbxq LvZ ev` w`‡q FY wbqš¿‡Y P‡j Av‡m|
7) RvgvbZ F‡Yi cÖvwš—K nvi n«vm e„w× (Variation in the Marginal Rate of Security credit) t hLb RvgvbZ
hy³ F‡Yi cÖvwš—K nvi cwieZ©b K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY`vb Kvh©µg‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i
Zv‡K RvgvbZ F‡Yi cÖvwš—K nvi n«vm-e„w× c×wZ e‡j| GB c×wZi Øviv dUKv Kviev‡i FY`vb mn‡RB
wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| †hgb 100 UvKvi wej ÷K, †kqvi, ev RvgvbZ †i‡L 75 UvKv FY †`qv nq| cÖvwš—K Rgv
ivLv nq 25 UvKv| hw` †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖvwßK Rgv 35 K‡i †`q Z‡e evRv‡i FY K‡g n‡e 65 UvKv| d‡j
FY`vb ms‡KvwPZ n‡e| Avevi cÖvwš—K Rgv 20 UvKv K‡i w`‡j FY`v‡bi cwigvY e„w× cv‡e|
Dc‡i FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv| F‡Yi cwigvY Kvg¨ ev cÖZ¨vwkZ ¯—‡i ivLv GKwU RwUj
KvR| GRb¨ mywbw`©ó †Kvb cš’v †bB| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K F‡Yi gvÎv Kvg¨¯—‡i ivLvi Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZ GKB
mv‡_ ev¯—evq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
cvV-ms‡¶c
†Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q GKwU †`‡ki miKvi KZ©„K Bmy¨K…Z g~`ªv (Kv¸Rx I avZe) I e¨vsK Bmy¨K…Z n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨ `wjj
(†PK, wej †µwWU KvW©) Gi mgwó‡KB A_© mieivn e‡j| Gi Dcv`vb n‡jv 3wU h_vt cÖPwjZ wewnZ g~`ªv, e¨vsK
AvgvbZ I FY Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi AvPiY|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY`vb ¶gZv I Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y Kiv‡KB FY wbqš¿Y ejv nq| †`‡ki
g~`ªvùxwZ ev ms‡KvPb †iva, A‡_©i Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi w¯’wZkxjZv, A_©‰bwZK I g~j¨¯—‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv, A_©‰bwZK
Dbœqb BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y FY wbqš¿Y LyeB Ri“ix|

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-35

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y Kvh©µg‡K cÖavbZt 2wU cš’vq wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| h_v- cwigvYMZ c×wZ Ges ¸YMZ ev
wbe©vPbg~jK c×wZ| mivmwi n¯—‡¶‡ci FY`vb Kg©m~wP wbqš¿Y‡K cwigvYMZ c×wZ Ges we‡kl j¶¨ wb‡q †h
c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K ¸YMZ ev wbe©vPbg~jK c×wZ e‡j|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖnY ev wej evÆvKi‡Yi †¶‡Î my‡`i nvi n«vm-e„w× K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y‡K
e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b bxwZ; †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K †Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU, FYcÎ µq-weµq K‡i FY
wbqš¿Y‡K †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ Ges evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Zvi Rvgvb‡Zi †h Ask eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K
Rgv ivL‡Z nq, Zvi nvi AbycvZ cwieZ©b K‡i FY wbqš¿Y‡K wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ ejv nq| GB wZbwU
bxwZ GK‡Î wgkªY K‡i e¨envi Kiv n‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hvq| Aci w`‡K ¸YMZ ev wbe©vPbg~jK c×wZ i‡q‡Q
7wU hv g~jZt D‡Ïk¨ I cÖ‡qvR‡bi Av‡jv‡K e¨envi Kiv nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq t 2.4

mwVK Dˇi cv‡k wUK wPý w`b-
1. †Kvb GKwU †`‡k wbw`©ó mg‡q A_© ev g~`ªvi mieivn ej‡Z wK eySvq?
K. cÖPwjZ g~`ªv‡K M. cÖPwjZ I e¨vsK g~`ªv‡K L. e¨vsK g~`ªv‡K N. †KvbwUB bq|
2. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY`vb ¶gZv I Kvh©µg‡K wbqš¿Y cÖwµqv‡K wK ejv nq?
K. FY wbqš¿Y L. FY `vb M. FY m¤úªmviY N. FY ms‡KvPb
3. FY MÖnY ev wej evÆvKi‡Y my‡`i nvi n«vm-e„w× K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y‡K wK ejv nq?
K. e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b bxwZ L. cÖvwš—K nvi c×wZ
M. wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ N. ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv c×wZ
4. †Lvjv evRv‡i eÛ, wmwKDwiwU FY cÎ µq-weµq K‡i FY wbqš¿Y‡K wK ejv nq?
K. †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ L. †Lvjv evwYwR¨K bxwZ M. †Lvjv FY bxwZ N. †Lvjv wbqš¿Y bxwZ
5. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Rvgvb‡Zi †h eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Rgv ivL‡Z nq Zvi AbycvZ n«vm-e„w×
K‡i FY wbqš¿Y †K wK ejv nq?
K. wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ L. wiRvf© mgb¦q bxwZ
M. mgvbycvZ c×wZ N. †KvbwUB bq|
6. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKv ewnf©~Z e¨vs‡Ki Dci †Kvb bxwZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq bv?
K. e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ L. †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ
M. cÖPvibvg~jK c×wZ N. wiRv‡f©i AbycvZ cwieZ©b bxwZ

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 2.1 1.M 2.N 3.K 4.K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 2.2 1.K 2.K 3.K 4.K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 2.3 1.L 2.L 3. 4.K 5.K 6.L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 2.4 1.M 2.K 3.K 4.K 5.K 6.N

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msÁv w`b| Gi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki“b|
2. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx eY©bv Ki“b|
3. wbKvk Ni ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb? wbKvk N‡ii ˆewkó¨ I myweav eY©bv Ki“b|
4. ÒwbKvk Ni †jb‡`b wb wËi e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iÓ eY©bv Ki“b|
5. wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©vejx eY©bv Ki“b|
6. A_© mieivn ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb? Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv eY©bv Ki“b|
7. FY wbqš¿Y wK? FY wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki“b|
8. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡bi cwigvYMZ c×wZ A_ev ¸YMZ c×wZ ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki“b|

BDwbU `yB c„yôv-36