一、专四大纲要求

1. 测试要求:

能根据所给的作文题目、图表或阅读材料等，写一篇 200 个单词左右的作

文。能做到内容相关、充实，语言通顺，用词恰当，表达得体。考试时间 45
分钟。

2. 测试形式：

本部分为作答题，采用材料作文、命题作文、图表、图画作文的形式。答
题时间为 45 分钟。分值 20 分。

3. 测试目的:

测试学生的基本书面表达能力。

二、备考策略

1. 多读名著、外刊，提高语言基本功。
2. 留意国内外热点话题。积累主题词汇。
3. 有针对性地训练，培养批判性思维。
4. 背诵优秀范文、句型、表达法。
 材料作文的写法
一、写作步骤：
1. 认真阅读，抓住中心大意。
2. 写出 summary，并引出自己的观点。（开头段）
3. 从不同角度，通过比较、对比、因果、例证等手法
来论证自己的观点。（主体段）
4. 照应开头，重申主题。（结尾段）
60—100—40 3-5-2
5. 检查文章是否连贯，是否紧靠主题，是否有语法、
句法错误等。
二、 如何写开头段
1. 内容构成：
引言—缩写/总结材料—提出个人观点
命题：（ 背景介绍、利用数据、名言、设问、驳论
等）
2. 缩写/总结材料的 3 个基本步骤：
1）快速略读，确定关键信息，略去次要信息，对
主题句、观点句、结论句进行标记，同时，可以
 在空白处写下相关提示。
2）细读主题句、观点句、结论句，对信息进行重
组合并，归纳大意观点。
3）构思行文方式，下笔写作。
3. 缩写/总结材料的 6 大技巧：2016
1）抓关键信息，删除细节。
2）避免重复。（2016，P1-P2）
3）缩长为短。
--His courage in battle might without exaggeration be
called lion-like.
--He was very brave in battle.
4) 以范代实。
--She brought home several Chinese and English
novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and
some textbooks. She intended to read all of them
during the winter vacation.

---She brought home some books and magazines to

read during winter vacation.
5) 以间接代直接。
6) 禁忌
--原句抄袭
--妄加观点
--篇幅过长 （1/4, 1/3）
三、如何写主体论证段落？
1.内容构成。
主题句（topic sentence）--- 论证（supporting sentences）---主题强调或引申句
（concluding sentence）
2. 常见的四种论证法。
1）例证法。
Secondly, reality television shows may exert positive influences on viewers. Because
reality TV is known to be “real”, it holds a certain quality which makes people realize
certain personal qualities and flaws. For example, an obese person watching The
Biggest Loser can gain the sense of realization and find determination and motivation
to lose weight. In this case, it can be seen as the mirror of oneself.
2）驳论论证法。
In my opinion, it is not a good idea to deprive children of the right to enjoy term-time
holidays with their parents. Second, taking a several-day break during term time does
not necessarily lead to children’s poor academic performance. On the contrary, it will
be an award for children who have a good attendance record to enjoy quality time
with their parents on an annual holiday. I believe children will concentrate on their
study and get better educational attainments after taking the term-time holiday.
3）层进式推理。
There are many ways in which tourism brings about bad effects to environment. One
of the examples is that in order to attract tourists, large patches of woods have been
eliminated to build accommodation facilities as well as artificial scenic spots. This
unavoidably destroys the natural beauty of the scenic spots. Worse still, it breaks the
ecological balance of these areas, resulting in the shortage of farm lands, water and
animals.
4）引用名言、专家观点。
Travelling abroad is a character-building experience for us, especially for young
people. A person who travels a lot is usually independent, tolerant and resilient.
Because of the different customs and beliefs between the foreign culture and the
home culture, one needs to adapt quickly to the local culture. “Do in Rome as the
Romans do.”

四、如何写结尾段？
1 总结—重申 （最常见）
2. 总结—生华，呼吁采取行动，展望未来。（劝说性）
3. 总结—指出问题，提出建议。 （现象类）

Which Is More Important, Education or a Cheaper Holiday?

New research has shown that almost four out of ten parents in the UK have taken
their children out of school to go on holidays. Cost is the main reason given by
parents for sacrificing their children’s education. Parents are to be banned, however,
by UK’s Education Authority, from taking their children out of school to go during
term time.
Should local authorities stagger school holidays to enable families with children
to take advantage of travel bargains? Or is it wrong for parents to jeopardize their
children’s education for the sake of a cheaper holiday? As far as I am concerned,
education is more important.
Firstly, children’s education must come first. A cheap holiday during the school
season shouldn’t be the reason to take a child out of school. Some parents are not
willing to sacrifice or schedule their lives in terms of their children’s needs. This kind
of attitude will influence their children deeply. It’s no wonder so many kids are not
interested in school and don’t take their study seriously. Secondly, school isn’t day
care center. It’s an educational institution that needs every student to follow its rules.
Taking a child on holiday when school is in session will disturb the order of the
school. Besides, it is disruptive for the child, because he will have to catch up when
he returns.
All in all, taking children out of school for a cheaper holiday is irresponsible
behavior. Those parents would risk being fined financially and morally. It’s not only
kids that need to grow up—a lot of parents need to as well.
More Pressure from Academic Studies Does Good to Us
It has long been a contentious issue as to whether more pressure from academic
studies does good to students or not. Some people are of the opinion that pressure
makes motive power, while others point out that too much pressure problems. As far
as I am concerned, the former opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, pressure from academic studies can drive students to work harder.
Our college education serves as a preparation phase for future career development. In
order to stand out among many competitors, students should learn as much as possible
in the college and make themselves to be more prepared for the future jobs.
For another, pressure from the academic study is a necessary driving force to
those less self-disciplined students. College life leaves, compared to the new life style
and become addicted to playing computer games or surfing the Internet all day long.
Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that
modest pressure from academic study is useful and necessary. Therefore, as a
university student, we should treasure our college life and properly arrange our time.
“Play while play, study while study”, as the saying goes.

图表作文
1. 解读图标，抓住极端信息。

2. 分析图表反应的主旨或原因。

3. 提出建议或预测未来趋势。