The space L(V. W) : ath 04 & Ww fe tio veclsy spaces over Considew the at 4 oll Unear banfirmelios frm Vv 12 LO Le ftiveu/ T io linesnF, Elalm) LOW) joa Vecky space : Define additinm m LIV, Wa lows» Pliows Let Th ELOY W) then Tt Eh (%) = Te) + Be) txev Neddion “THR! To shoo: Ttth sn Liner ie. + Jn bie ion im L(V,W) ie LOW W) ho closed wnder +. k Per , ~_ZEeN T+h (c+py) = 7 een) = KT OHPUD (: ne) +4 eee | = K(TeO+hO)+ (T+ BH) = &(T+%, @) + AKT 44) —p) T+T dn linear. Define scalar mubkipliioton om LOW), Fou XCF, TEL (VW) SLO* x Ta) ¥xeV, then «~T jo ale & xT (patry) = To) = of. (pTOO 41 TO) (2 T do tb. = ol PTW + XY)v Bla TH) + vecresy (Weg) p(ot @ ) +x (oT ) . “+ kT jo linear. e- LOW) Jo Closech under scaler mubtipialion Fiat we shoo tet LOW) jo addilive Fow this, INe know Ahat the Zor mar, Qx) = 0 HLEV d the identity am LLy, w) te (0+ 7) = T+IO= Te te OFT = THOST SN Tele) Fox ony Tot EL G, wD, T+ WH = TDO+ TH = TRlt)+ TH) (1 W deve se) = Bry oy Yxev addition ro commudalive Ord sioilarly (TREO = Tt (arn) axe V + 20 assouaktve Fow any Te Loy) om AEF ore — 10 Noo, (r+ er) = TOH4 AK) ‘= Tre- Toso Yue Trenr= -l+T =O = There exists additive invewe sor ah WLW, Thus, LOv,W) As an abelian 44 Moreover, KEF , To SLOW) we have Aq + Ty) aye ox(Tiee) + Tam) = AT) Tye) («7,) © + KR) & €xev = ATF aRSilly We can shad Bhar (+P) 7) = SSP T= aToo+ PLO ev Beep = MUP and <-PTo= (PTs BAT) ¥xeV Ler, (A-t)eo = te) = To (476-1 ee at=t ¥ TEL&wW), Thun, LOW) cabistien otf the peoporkien of “FS LOW) iy a veetes space “then: TF dim U =n an!) dim Ven han din L(V, V)= pm, Pag Let Br =x %- omh and Bye tI kes Inf be ardered baoes { U and V raspectively Dofine Ty (1y) = j i J bd thoe i +| Vejen ° ise SS Cansidar the Subset B=3 7 | iZtem, rejen} & La, v) Then 8 has wn Dlemonla. Fev this, Cis) eGie) , Sf eit, ies jae Suppae IFS, than Ty (4) = 4 and Te, (%)= de Set tetek The, TF ep cceoeh (ih FCS &) once att He alementa a B gre datinct Bhp wm elements. B ts @ basis 5 L (vy) ) 8 pant L (yy) > & spanB = L(u,¥) i) B 4. Yneanty “ i) cpan BC LOY, — Bm & jn a - 4 Loy, v) Suppose TEL, v), Fe a aren Keke T(Hy)JeV and Ba being a” bait GN, we hae + mie dm — (4) TOY = Git RT - 2S wy be a Lear combination Since i¢S, Clainn Now let 7 “ chemenks i BR Tj EL) > tel) (LW) % avs) Ps, ea) = (LAF) = Fea hod = Bae (ty ee Fy) = het ae at me be Theo, Ty )= Te) ¥ & semen (OD) T=T' € SpanB (: @) Ths, FE LCUU) S Te San® TE SpanB_ —— ©LV, ¥) CSpan 8 — Fin @ ad &, We get sp B=LU, v) i) QB w» Leary dncleperdlonk, Comiden the Linear combinabian ZZ By Ty = Ohne fy ot soe ed for tel, (228 Fj) fe)= Oem) « eh gk én Z fete = 0 be Fa tht Beta} Pty FPng tm = © “fun since LAG Bic 20 ¥be le m ond por fxd k But a we vu k from 1 n, we get al the Pij's ane zero fn all i aml), Tho, Ty's one. lm eony sndependicd. Ther, the set Bf | sid ao bes foe LOY) dim LV) = mn, | dim (0, v= dm U- din v | Roenades : 1) dim Liv) = if din ven. 2) SF Uz 2%}, %EV then bag? P TEL, W)] Tee)= 0} in alo a subspace s Lcv, w), ie Lye bw), Thin dim $3 |eCT) MOS) < RC TES) & e(T)4AC).a “a For X40, (KT) a2 KTH) Hee U The number of clemenlo in bln the sf, XT(U) and tv) Gne the same. (kT) = dien KT (0) = Rive TOU) = CT), Fox X=9, aAT=O, :. g(xT)=2. Gi) Rit+s) = 2 Trs | 2eU}s§ Tera sey |xed} Since Te ERT) and S&)ER(S), Teyts&) € RIT) RID, R+s) S RT) FRI). ACTH) ¢ OFS uni &. van) NoW, ts T4s#6S) > ACT) & A(THs) + RCs) 2 ACHES) HRG) (407 *U) ) J. CT) -R(s) ¢ C48) —— @& Hence, §vom @ and (wt), We hove, (2) -r@) |S CTH) = CTI FRCS). Exomnplea 5 L) Obtain a basic £ LOR” R) in the foley Gen: D By=44,Q) Bt tye02). paar} i) Bis fe, Ql > Bt fae 63), we Ot Ry vote m) Bye B,2 fe 2.4 Sel” Th find B= h Ty 14 dea, v2 je2} 24 Ty Ta, Ta, Tah, which foo b hats s Lee R*), we will find these near “ren item: oA the loans elements. We 42 COT Ree Th (2) = 02000) Jet HG+ue) Ty He) =4 amone go fy 3) . Ty) = 0209s) feweageae) | THF FF = BR @ rane) oO itt = M4 (42)4% (0, 0) = Gy, aurt (0, 0) = Gu, 4) TOs (4, 0 Tal@)2o , Ta@deye(ua) atawe ? Ty (= 422634), Tx@)2o > m@s 7 2 te 2 Ta (Q) 20 | Talgsetis 634) Gi) PS am exercise ii) Tita) =@ ,T,(&)=0 Tar @)= S& Ty &) =e Tw = GT (*) = Ce, &) 2) Gnida He lnean tran tformalions Td: ff, where TChet)) = P(E+) aud D (pep) = PCD. T(G)= 0, Tu (0)=& Thy (G4) =O Tal@)=& Find i) THD i) T-D wi) Ff fete rat+at® then find (T-3(buy and (14d) (Be) Sel”: Tg Pls GHNt4 tet, Then T Chet) = oot Gr) 4. ng (CE = (ote tan+: v4edy) +(e Fae t Smt + Oy) E ; (hrs + na,)t aint New, D(+b) 2 oy tat taqttt cothae, Cont (T+) (eo) = T Chew) + DCC) = Hot OR + ty) HG tach Pedy aby ye ee gg CE takHG Felt ta yt dh a dnt = bythe + (ly + hel, tayre- 4P% aeeeee Folge t thew, EP of, (Tod) Gear) 2 dg Cay PMH an HOE a ee dt Bd) = (-2ta3e TORE = pe ah) $3 rate) (at - 24346443 2+hb ear D(LC)) = -aeet = ch-a (T+) Chuw)= 24 besa +CL-2 = at bit (A->) ie co) = Qehbese deter = 4-2 tt wowComposition € Linear LremaSomallionn : Let U, Vand) W be read vache spaces Let T:02V aul S!VAW be Linear bent. Ow. . Then the composition mab ser: UW > defined 4 GT Oo = S(T) Yee vu. Claim: set i Lineaa Let x, 6 U and of B seslans, SoT (oh xc+ FR) = SCT (aes )) = S(aTm + PTO) (+ Ti nan) = AS (Tea) + S(T) (2S tn nan 2X ST) + & STH) 2 ST io Len Th, fot sEL WW), Te LUV) > oT ELWy RaR defined by Tuy) &.-g) Gane Qcas6- yo , ALSODTYND ) ne. : oes . Rake A Nole heh TL defplexen abowk y- amis amsh Th tn Aatakon by an angle 8, Then TT Cus) = % (1 99) 7% -9) = (xcs 4489, “4P9- 4os0 ) Teta (as) = T1(R% 3)) = Ti(renp-ysind —-abnb rycen) 2 (% nb -ysind -zsin6 -4V and S,:V-+W arelinear. The pro- ducts 5,7; + 7p) and ST, ST, ae defined, So both sides of (a) make sease. Now ifwis a vector of U, COED 8G, = sired + Ho) ie) + S040) Ga + STO 5, +1) = ST + ST. ‘The proofs of the remaining parts ae left to the reader. [Note apecaly the diagram for parte) of Theotem 47.1: Hence, {67 CommostTON or UneraR Mars | 138 o. lar: i-+¥ we alain wine Ts Then: Lot T: UV ond S.VOW be two = Linear, bemsfmefions Then 1) TFs awd T ane remsingln ttn ST to nansingln and (sr)'= Tht W) TS ST do ree then T in meme, ) Ff ST ie ate then S in mb W) Tg ST ip tun-cingulan then Tin ene-mt and & in onbv. YD TE U,V WI ane tte some Brite pimtraion and ST in harsingulan then bot S ad T OM ram - Sine Phe Since Ss Od T ane nemsingnlrn ss UY Soy B Sssty Qt sdtity VeV > Ste 40 ad pie dv Gr) (a= s(r TF = say)? ss. Iw Gisy(st) = Th) q = Feat 2H = Sy. (er) Hs) = yw @ey= (Theorem Tn fact, this ST nouST # hens ¢ “1 Th 5 (eye Te Q) LE St do one-me Heo T do ore-me- Let “ENG) =>) TOD=° 4 S(1ed)+0 > ue NST) luk ST Ae onewme @ U=O 2 T io Meo. 2) tg st jo ante then S % onto ybvow Let EW. gueU > STOr2 0 (2 ST iow) TF ut Toor vcy &% SFWJo0 SH) 2 @. foe Some ¥CV, S 4% onto 4) ST do omsingulon + Ty meme ard S$ in onto a leave the prop fo yn Ss) Bm v= dim Vz Aime. and ST ia nevaingular To shod: 8,7 ane nensivgular pty Saw oN By tha. prank -rolbity these | v 4 6T) +001) = dim = dimv ACT) = BieN =7 7 40 onto nity 2° > T A ore-me T de Sepeton. {<4 (4a) Pts, acs) + nls) = dim yz dim Wo eat ns) + 6 D Suk metre Swe ST ao vem Singslon 2D Sun ow. 1g ae nerrstngelan