LESSON 2
ON BECOMING A HERO
In this part of the Module the learners will delve into the following:
2. Childhood and Academic Conquests (WEEK 5-6);
2. The Propaganda Movement (WEEK 7); and
3. The Katipunan, Exile, and Execution (WEEK 8)
Course Outcomes:
COz- Analyze the circumstances of Rizal's life in the context of 19th
Century (Part 2)
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO):
By the end of this lesson the students would be able to:
1. Illustrate and relate on the life and experiences of Jose Rizal
2. Discuss Rizal's participation and contribution to the Propaganda
Movement
3. Establish Rizal's influence and involvement, if any, to Katipunan; and
4. Describe our hero’s exile and execution
fter taking a glimpse on the background of Rizal in 19" century, let us
delve into the early beginnings of the hero. In this lesson we will learn
about his childhood years in Calamba with his family and his early
education in Bihan, Laguan.
Bh ofa hero. June 29, 1861, Calambo Laguna, ssa tat
het’ bigger han usual sie of head
(aed. The colebratng priest was pars arest, Rufino
Anyone could recall his/her
childhood memories. These
memories are so important as CGotants, nd te gdfther was Pr, Pedro Cosas, 2
lose ena ofthe family Fr Colts noted athe
they remind us how our mindset ‘amy most take gd ae of lore for he was ta become
and dreams were molded - 2 | Teams it sews:hsnty natn hows
daughter dreaming to become a | nine 'telnagnany tes tle theyre a Rl
doctor a son to become an rendre eran legen ane elie
engineer or a lawyer and so on.
These life objectives may have been influenced by people around them. In here the
social and economic context of the child andor the family play an important role. The
plan to pursue a career is geared towards the sought success. From a certain situation,
15|GE9: Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal 2020as Mark Caine (2026) stressed, the first step towards one’s success is taken when you
refuse to be a captive of the environment in which you find yourself
At our end, in this lesson we will delve into Rizal's context as follows:
Part a. Childhood and Academic Years;
Part 2. Academic Pursuits and Journeys
Part 3, The propaganda Movement, Katipunan, Exile and Execution
WEEK 5-6
Childhood and Academic Years
Childhood Memories in Calamba, Laguna
First, let us learn and relate to the writings of Rizal recalling his birth and early
years in Calamba, Laguna. Thus, in his diary he wrote in pen name P. Jacinto:
| was born in Calamba on 29 June, 2863,
‘between eleven and midnight, a few days before full
‘moan. Itwas a Wednesday and my coming outin this
vale of tears would have cost my mother her life had
she not vowed to the Virgin of Antipolo to take me to
her sanctuary by way of pilgrimage.
All remember of my early days is | dida’t
know bow found myselfin a town with some scanty
notions of the morning sun, of my parents, et.
The education that J received since my
‘earliest infancy was perhaps what has shaped my
habits, like ajar that retains the odor that it firs held.
1 still remember the fist melancholy nights that 1
spent on the azotea [terrace] of our house as if they
‘happened only yesterday ~ nights full ofthe saddest
poem that made impression on my mind, the
stronger the more tempestuous my present situation
Js. had an aya who loved me very much and who, in
‘order to make me take supper (which I had on the
terrace on moonlit nights), frightened me with the
sudden apparition of some formidable asuang, of a
{frightful nuno, or parce-nobis, as she used to call an
“imaginary being similar to the Bu of the Europeans.
They used to take me fora stroll to the mest gloomy
places and at night near the flowing river, in the
shade of some tree, in the brightness of the chaste
Diana... Thus was my heart nourished with some
sober and melancholic thoughts, which even when |
was a child already wandered on the wings of
fantasy in the lfty regions ofthe unknown,
Thad nine sisters and one brother. My
‘father, a model of fathers, had given us education
‘commensurate with our small fortune, and though
thvift he was able to build a stone house, buy
Devout cathole Youth At the age of thee,
fe, he ould reas haley te Spanish
Famiy fle; and se aecibes to as
ranong ose by the Hemanas and
Fist Sorrow. Among the siblings, orest to
Pepe was Concha. The later ded of
‘od an Joe was then fur years
‘Tevign of Antapolohes been venerated by
Flipines, Spaniards, and. chinese. since
Spanish coli ay. The Month of Mays
the time ofpilage ther sine. Shes
sls called Our Lady of Peace and Good
‘Voyage, the pation san of raver, Gre
lege says her mage was saves rom the
shipwreck bythe eew ofa sp hat bore
het om Acapulco to Mania yrs ago.
‘caseo Is 2 Philpine svar erat, made of
wood sed for passengers nd Fegh. The
aig the vals outrggere made of
bamboo canes
La Concordia. A wel-knoum boarding schoo!
of Cmay. It ae founded In 1868 by
Marra Roxas de Ayal, 2 wealthy
Flipna, who gave her Rome caled U2
Concordia insta Ana, Wana toe sere
Ithasbecome sposiar destination and ts
fil name Coleg de la macula
Conception
Dalumbayan.Tnis old tect was absorbed
‘Avenues name has been topped sine
16|GEg9: Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal 2020another, and erecta little njpa house in the middle of our orchards under the shade of banana
trees and others. There the tasty ate (ats) displays its delicate fruits and bends its branches to
save me the effort of reaching for them; the sweet santo, the fragrant honeyed tampoy, the
‘reddish macupa, here contend for supremacy, farther way are plum tree, the easuy, harsh and
piquant, the beautiful tamarind, equally gratifying to the eyes and delightful tothe palate, here
the papaya tree spreads its broad leaves and attracts the birds with its enormous fruits, yonder
are the nangea, the coffee tree, the orange tree, which perfumes the air with the aroma ofits
‘flowers; on this side are the iba, the balimbing, the pomegranate with its thick foliage and
beautiful flowers that enchant the senses; here and
faercao Stings
Colage af San oseln Manila, Don Francisco
‘Alonso, who was then student nthe Colege of
1808 ond after which have movado Calera
erp. Eventually, they reared a9 fem
ine gts. They were as flows
1 Satrnina (1850-1913) They used oll her
'Nenang: mated to Manual. Hdalgoot
ro (151-2950) He became a
Revolution av retired ae farmerin Los,
had two ener Boy and BF oy
sess Sevetna Dever eee Ze,
20.
3. Nari (2852-1939) - Her petrame wat
‘Sea, She marie Antonio Lope, aephew
4 Opi (1855 — 2897) os what hey wed
tocallher she mamedSiverstre Ube
5. tela (2857-1919) She mares Mariano
Herbosa (nephew of fr. Csanas) af
Cambs who sie of choles in 1889 but
‘was deined itn Critan burial because
ews. brothersnaw of ose Ril
6. Maria 1889-1045) ~ she was cald lang
‘She mares Daniel Faustino Cr of Bina,
Laguna
7. dose (86% ~ 3896) Pepe; ou Nationa Hero
He ha ason with osephine Braden
conception (1862-2865) Conch ded at
the age of ee the fist sorrow of 73:
9. ose (1865-1965 ~Parggoy wash pet
Tame She ddan old aid tthe ae6 of
10 Tiida (1868 ~ 1953) ~Teoning lo ee
tad made athe age of 83.
11 Soledad (1870192) ~ Sh is Colne. Se
Ne ‘ed Pantaleon Quintero of Ca ~)
there are found elegant and majestic palm trees
loaded with enormous nuts, rocking its proud
crown and beautiful fronds, the mistresses of
the forests. Ah! It would be endless if were to
enumerate all our trees and entertain myself in
‘naming them! At the close of the day numerous
birds came from all parts, and still a chil of
three years at the most, entertain myself by
looking at them with unbelievable jey. The
yellow culiani, the maya of different
varieties, culae, the mariacapra, the martin, all
of the species of pipt, joined in a pleasant
‘ancert and intoned in varied chorus a hymn of
farewell to the sun that was disappearing
behind the tall mountains of my town. The
clouds, through a whim of nature, formed a
thousand figures that soon dispersed, as such
beautiful days passed away also, leaving behind
them only the flmsiest remembrances. Alas!
Even now when | look out the window of our
house to the beautiful panorama at twilight, my
past impressions come back to my mind with
painful eagerness!
Afterwards comes night; it extends it
mantle, sometimes gloomy though starred,
when the chase Delia (A name of Diana,
‘goddess of the moon and of hunting) does not
‘cour the sky in pursuit of her brother Apollo.
But if she appears in the clouds, a vague
brightness is delineated, Afterwards, as the
clouds break vp, so to speak, she is seen
beautiful, sad, and hushed, rising lke an
immense globe, as if an omnipotent and
invisible hand is pulling her through the spaces.
Then my mother would make us recite the
rosary all together. Afterward we would go to
the terrace orto some window from which the
‘moon can be seen and my nurse would tell us
stories, sometimes mournful, sometimes gay, in
which the dead, gold plants that bloomed
diamonds were in confused mixtures, all of
them born of an entirely eriental imagination.
Sometimes she would tellus that men lived in the
‘moon and the speck that we observed on it were
othing else but a woman who was continuously spinning.
When | was four years old lost my litle sister (Concha) and then forthe first time | shed
tears caused by love and grief, for until then I had shed them only because of my stubbornness
that my loving and prudent mather so well knew how to correc. Ah! Without her what would
17|GEg: Life and Works of Dr
Jose P. Rizal 2020have become of my education and what would have been myfate? Oh, yes! After God the mother
|s everything to man. She taught me how to read, she taught me how to stammer the humble
prayers that l addressed fervently to God, and now I'ma young man, ah, wheres that simplicity,
that innocence of my early days?
Inmy own town | learned how to write, and my father, who looked after my education,
paid an oldman (who had been his classmate) to give me the fist lessons in Latin and he stayed
at our house. After some five months he died, having almost foretold his death when he was still
in good health. | emember that I came to Manila with my father after the birth ofthe third gil
(Trinidad) who followed me, andit was an 6 June 2868. We boarded a casco, a very heavy craft.
had never yet gone through the lake of La Laguna consciously and the frst time | did, | spent
‘the whole night near the cata, admiring the grandeur ofthe liquid element, the quietness of the
ight, while atthe same time a superstitious fear took hold of me when Isaw a water snake twine
‘tselfon the bamboo canes ofthe outriggers. With what jay I saw the sunrise; for the frst time |
‘saw how the luminous rays shone, producing a briliant effect onthe ruffled surface of the wide
lake, With what joy ! spoke to my father for! had not uttered a single word during the night.
Afterward we went to Antipolo. 'm going to stop to relate the sweetness emotions that I elt at
‘every step on the banks of the Pasig (that a few years later would be the witness of my gris), in
Cainta, Taytay, Antipolo, Manila, Santa Ana, where we visited my eldest sister (Saturmina) who
was at that time a boarding student of La Concordia. Ieturned to my own town and I stayed in
It until 1870, the fst year that marked my separation from my family
This is what remembered of those times that | figured in the forefront of my lifelike the
dawn of the day. Alas, when shall the night come to shelter me so that { may rest in deep
slumber? God knows it! In the meantime, now that I'm inthe spring of life, separated from the
‘beings whom I love and most in the world, now that sad, / write these pages... let us leave
Providence to act, and let us give time ta time, awaiting from the will of Ged the future, good or
‘baad, so that with this may succeed to expiate my sins
2 Dalumbayan,Sta, Cruz, Manila, 12 September 3878.
This reminiscence has provided us a glimpse of the young Pepe in Calamba
Laguna; his curiosity and pure innocence as a young lad of the town, The description
of his house and the scenery of the town reveals to us that, like an ordinary kid, our
young hero has appreciated simple things.
‘The death of his closest sister has left a scar in his heart. Seeing that life is
short, he had to find meaning and value in each moment of his life (see the story of
‘the moth in the next few pages).
Moreover, the Mercado family relationship was warm and cordially
affectionate (Zaide, 2008). Rizal used to play with his sisters. They lived in one of the
distinguished houses in Calamba with a library of 2,000 volumes. They belonged to
the middle-class family. They earned a living through business and farming. The
parents loved their children but have never spoiled them, Considerably, they were
strict and have trained their children to love God, to behave well, to be obedient, and
to respect people. They held on to the simple principle of "spare the rod and spoil the
child” (Ibid.).
18|GEg: Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal 2020Early Education: Intellectual Memoirs and Milestones from Calamba to Bihan
Learning the Basics in Calamba. Mother's influence on every man’s intellectual
disposition is seen in his lifelong venture and endeavors. DonaTeodora, as a mother
and a remarkable woman of good character and fine culture, was our hero's first
teacher. In his memoirs, Rizal wrote “My mother taught me how to read and to say
haltingly the humble prayers which | raised fervently to God”. It was his mother who
first discovered the talent of Rizal in poetry. Further, to stimulate the imagination of
her son, she related many stories. For instance, in *My First Reminiscence", he wrote:
When had not yt seen other rivers except the river of my town, crystalline and gay in
sts winding course, shaded by murmuring bamboo groves; when my world was ony circumscribed
by the bluish mountains of my province and the white surface ofthe lake that discemed from
after through some runs, sparkling ikea miror and filed with graceful sais, | ike stores very
‘much and I believe with all my heart everything the book contained, convinced that what was
printed must perforce me for the truth. And why not, since my parents, who punished me forthe
smallest lie, emphatically enjoined me to attend to my books, to read them diligently and
understand them.
My first remembrance concerning letters goes back to my earliest age, | must be very
‘small yet because when they polished the floor af our house with banana leaves, would stil fall
slipping on the shiny surface ad did the ite skilled skaters on ice. It was stil difficult for me to
climb up a chair, |went down the stairs step by step, holding on to every baluster, and in our
houses in the whole town, petroleum was unknown, nor had seen until that time any quinque,
‘nor had any carriage ever passed through the steets of my town that [believe tobe the summum
(utmost) of jay and animation,
One night, when everybody at home was
already asleep, when all the lights inthe globes had inate. The word dere
already been put out by blowing them off by means ing, francman Ging ter
‘of a curved tin tube which seemed to me the mast pet aura
exquisite and wonderful ty inthe word, I doa" cases ry ate appances ate of
know why my mother and had remained watching eatin whieh were ned te vss
beside the only light that in all Philippine houses