Biographical

Sketch of Scientist
who contibuted to
Atomic Theory
Earnest Rutherford
Born: August 30, 1871, Brightwater, New Zealand

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson,

OM, PRS, HonFRSE was a New Zealand physicist who
was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear
physics. Rutherford has been described as "the father
of nuclear physics", and "the greatest experimentalist
since Michael Faraday".

In 1911, Rutherford described the atom as having a tiny,

dense, and positively charged core called the nucleus.
Rutherford established that the mass of the atom is
concentrated in its nucleus. The light, negatively
charged, electrons circulated around this nucleus, much
like planets revolving around the Sun
 John Dalton
Born: September 6, 1766, Eaglesfield, United Kingdom

John Dalton FRS was an English chemist, physicist and

meteorologist. He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry.
He also researched colour blindness, which he had; as a result,
colour blindness is known as Daltonism in several languages

Dalton's Model of an Atom

Based on all his observations, Dalton proposed his model
of an atom. It is often referred to as the billiard ball
model. He defined an atom to be a ball-like structure, as
the concepts of atomic nucleus and electrons were
unknown at the time.
James Chadwick
Born: October 20, 1891, Bollington, United Kingdom
Sir James Chadwick, CH, FRS was an English physicist who was
awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the
neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD
Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom
bomb research efforts.

The atomic model after Chadwick's discovery consisted of

what can be seen below; positively charged protons and
neutral neutrons bound together as the atom's nucleus,
with negatively charged electrons occupying energy levels
surrounding the nucleus. James Chadwick atom includes the
neutron placed in the nucleus.
 Democritus
Born: Abdera, Greece

Democritus was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from

Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an
atomic theory of the universe. None of Democritus' original work
has survived, except through second-hand references.

Democritus believed that atoms were

uniform, solid, hard, incompressible, and
indestructible and that they moved in infinite
numbers through empty space until stopped.
Differences in atomic shape and size
determined the various properties of matter.
 Niels Bohr
Born: October 7, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark
Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist who made
foundational contributions to understanding atomic
structure and quantum theory, for which he received the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher
and a promoter of scientific research.

According to Bohr Atomic model, a small positively

charged nucleus is surrounded by revolving negatively
charged electrons in fixed orbits. He concluded that
electron will have more energy if it is located away
from the nucleus whereas the electrons will have less
energy if it located near the nucleus.
 J.J Thompson
Born: December 18, 1856, Cheetham Hill,
Manchester, United Kingdom

Sir Joseph John Thomson OM FRS was a British physicist and

Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery of the
electron, the first subatomic particle to be found.

J.J. Thomson's experiments with cathode ray tubes showed that

all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or
electrons. Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the atom,
which had negatively-charged electrons embedded within a
positively-charged "soup."
That would be all.
Thank you.