5 Quadrilaterals

Solutions (Enhanced)

5. (a) In △PQS,
5 Quadrilaterals PQ 2 + QS 2 = PS 2 (Pyth. theorem)
Enhanced Worksheet 5.2A QS = 68 − 32 cm
2 2

1. BCD = BAD (opp. ∠s of // gram) = 60 cm

∵ OQ = OS (diags. of // gram)
y = 115
1
In △BCD, ∴ OQ = QS
2
BDC + DBC + BCD = 180 (∠ sum of △) 1
x + 30 + 115 = 180 =  60 cm
2
x = 35 = 30 cm

2. PQ = SR (opp. sides of // gram) (b) In △OPQ,

6−h =h OP 2 = PQ 2 + OQ 2 (Pyth. theorem)
6 = 2h
OP = 322 + 302 cm
h=3
= 1924 cm
QK = KS (diags. of // gram)
OR = OP (diags. of // gram)
k = 5k − 8
= 1924 cm
8 = 4k
= 43.9 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
k =2

6. OE = OC (diags. of // gram)
3. (a) BCD = BAD (opp. s of // gram)
= 9 cm
5 x − 10 = 3 x + 40
In △CDE,
2 x = 50
CD 2 = CE 2 + DE 2 (Pyth. theorem)
x = 25
CD = (9 + 9) + 24 cm
2 2

(b) AED = BAE (alt. s, AB // DC) = 182 + 242 cm

= 3(25) = 30 cm
= 75 BE = CD (opp. sides of // gram)
= 30 cm
4. In △CDE, ∵ △ABE is an equilateral triangle.
∵ CE = CD ∴ AB = BE
∴ CED = CDE (base ∠s, isos. △) = 30 cm
CDE + CED + ECD = 180 (∠ sum of )
2CDE + 44 = 180 7. DCE = ABC (corr. s, DC // AB)
2CDE = 136 = 72
CDE = 68 EFG = GCE (opp. ∠s of // gram)
ABC = CDE (opp. s of // gram) = 72
= 68
In △ABC, 8. BC = AD (opp. sides of // gram)
∵ AC = BC = 7 cm
∴ BAC = ABC (base ∠s, isos. △) FE = BC (opp. sides of // gram)
= 68 a=7
ACD = BAC (alt. s, AB // DC) DCB = DAB (opp. ∠s of // gram)
ACE + 44 = 68 =b
ACE = 24 BCE = BFE (opp. ∠s of // gram)
b + 47 = 120
b = 73

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 5 Quadrilaterals
9. OD = OB (opp. sides of // gram) 2. (a) AC = 40 cm
= 3x cm 5 x + (6 x − 4) = 40
OD = AE (opp. sides of // gram) 11x = 44
3x = x + 8
x=4
2x = 8
x=4 AK = 5(4) cm = 20 cm
(b)
OA = OC (opp. sides of // gram) KC = [6(4) − 4] cm = 20 cm
= ( x + 3) cm KD = 4(4) cm = 16 cm
DE = OA (opp. sides of // gram)
∵ AK = KC and BK = KD
2y − 3 = x + 3
∴ ABCD is a parallelogram. diags bisect each other
2y − 3 = 4 + 3
2 y = 10 3. (a) In ABCD,
y=5 5x + (3x − 4) + 115 + (111 − 2 x) = 360
( sum of polygon)
6 x + 222 = 360
10. ADF = AEF (opp. ∠s of // gram)
= 68 6 x = 138
ADC = ABC (opp. ∠s of // gram) x = 23
= 32
CDF = ADF − ADC (b) A = 5(23) = 115
= 68 − 32 B = 3(23) − 4 = 65
= 36 D = 111 − 2(23) = 65
AGD = CDF (alt. s, AE // DF) ∵ A = C and B = D
= 36 ∴ ABCD is a parallelogram. opp. s equal

4. ∵ BF = AE opp. sides of // gram

11. (a) BFD = ABF (alt. ∠s, AB // FD)
and CD = AE opp. sides of // gram
= 36 ∴ BF = CD
BCD = BFE (opp. s of // gram) ∵ BF // AE and CD // AE
= 36 + 32 ∴ BF // CD
= 68 ∵ BF = CD and BF // CD
∴ BCDF is a parallelogram. opp. sides equal and //
(b) BDF = BAF (opp. s of // gram)
= 76 5. Join BD.
A D
(ABF + FBD ) + BDF = 180 (int. ∠s, BA // DF) E
36 + FBD + 76 = 180 O

FBD = 68 F

BDC = FBD (alt. ∠s, CE // BF) B C

Let O be the intersection of AC
= 68 and BD.
∵ BCD = BDC ∵ BO = OD diags. of // gram
∴ BC = BD (sides opp. equal s) and EO = OF diags. of // gram
∴ △BCD is an isosceles triangles. ∵ AE = CF given
∴ AO = AE + EO
Enhanced Worksheet 5.2B = CF + OF
= OC
1. FC = BC − BF ∵ AO = OC and BO = OD
= (16 − 6) cm ∴ ABCD is a parallelogram. diag. bisect each other
= 10 cm
AD = BC opp. sides of // gram 6. (a) In △ABF and △CDE,
= 16 cm BF = DE given
AE = AD − DE AFB = CED given
AF = AE + EF
= (16 − 6) cm
= CF + FE given
= 10 cm
∴ FC = AE = CE
Also, AE // FC ∴ △ABF  △CDE SAS
∴ AFCE is a parallelogram. opp. sides equal and //

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 5 Quadrilaterals
(b) ∵ △ABF  △CDE proved in (a) (b) AO = OC (property of rhombus)
∴ AB = CD corr. sides,  △s 1
= AC
∵ BAF = DCE corr. s,  △s 2
∴ AB  DC alt. s equal 1
=  30 cm
∵ AB = DC and AB  DC 2
∴ ABCD is a parallelogram. opp. sides equal = 15 cm
and // In △AOD,
7. (a) BAE = BCD opp. s of // gram AD 2 = AO 2 + OD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 75 AD = 15 + 8 cm
2 2

∵ BAE = ABE = 75 = 17 cm

∴ AE = BE sides opp. equal s Perimeter of rhombus ABCD = 4 AD
= 4  17 cm
(b) AD = BC opp. sides of // gram
= 68 cm
= 10 cm
∵ AE = (10 − 2) cm
4. (a) BCD = BAD (property of rhombus)
= 8 cm
= 80
∴ BE = AE = 8 cm proved in (a)
∵ △BCE is an equilateral triangle.
AB = DC opp. sides of // gram
∴ BCE = 60 (prop. of equil. △)
= 6 cm DCE = BCD − BCE
∵ AB = FE = 6 cm = 80 − 60
and AF = BE = 8 cm = 20
∴ ABEF is a parallelogram. opp. sides equal
(b) In △CDE,
∵ BC = CD (definition of rhombus)
Enhanced Worksheet 5.3A and CE = BC
1. ABD = CBD (property of rhombus) ∴ CD = CE
x + 20 = 3x − 18 ∴ ∠CDE =∠CED (base s, isos. △)
DCE + CDE + CED = 180 ( sum of △)
38 = 2 x
20 + 2CED = 180
x = 19
CED = 80
ABC + BCD = 180 (int. ∠s, AB // DC)
(19 + 20) + [3(19) − 18] + y = 180 5. (a) Let ∠HSK = x.
78 + y = 180 ∠PSK =∠HSK (property of rhombus)
=x
y = 102 In △PHS,
∵ PH = PS
∴ ∠PHS =∠PSH (base s, isos. △)
2. CO = AO (property of rhombus)
= 2x
= 15 cm In △HSK,
AC = AO + CO HSK + SHK = HKQ (ext.  of △)
x = 15 + 15 x + 2 x = 108
= 30 3x = 108
In △AOD, x = 36
AOD = 90 (property of rhombus) ∴ HSK = 36
AO 2 + DO 2 = AD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
y = 17 2 − 152 (b) QKH + QKP = 180 (adj. s on st. line)
=8 108 + QKP = 180
QKP = 72
3. (a) DO ⊥ AC (property of rhombus) QPK = PHS (alt. s, QP // RS)
1 = 2(36)
Area of △ACD =  AC  OD
2 = 72
1
=  30  8 cm 2 ∵ QPK = QKP
2 ∴ PQ = KQ (sides opp. equal s)
= 120 cm 2 ∴ △PQK is an isosceles triangle.
∴ Area of rhombus ABCD = 2 area of △ACD
= 2 120 cm 2
= 240 cm 2

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 5 Quadrilaterals
6. (a) CBF = AFB (property of rhombus) (b) BF = CF (property of rectangle)
= 57 ∴ CBF = BCF (base s, isos. △)
CDE = CBE (opp. s of // gram) In △BCF,
= 57 BCF + CBF = AFB (ext.  of △)
2CBF = 130
(b) CFB = AFB (property of rhombus) CBF = 65
= 57 CED = CBF (opp. ∠s of // gram)
FCD = CFB (alt. s, BE // CD) = 65
= 57
5. CD = EF (opp. sides of // gram)
= 90 cm
Enhanced Worksheet 5.3B
DG = BG (property of rectangle)
1. DEF = BCE (alt. ∠s, AD // BC)
= 53 cm
= 48
In △BCD,
In △DEF, BCD = 90 (definition of rectangle)
EDF + DEF = EFB (ext.  of △) BC 2 + CD 2 = BD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
x + 48 = 74
BC = (53 + 53) 2 − 902 cm
x = 26
= 56 cm
BAD = 90 (definition of rectangle)
Perimeter of rectangle ABCD
In △ABD, = 2( BC + CD)
ABD + BAD + ADB = 180 (∠ sum of △) = 2(56 + 90) cm
y + 90 + 26 = 180 = 292 cm
y = 64
6. (a) DF = DE (definition of rhombus)
2. (a) AB = CD (property of rectangle) = 15 cm
2x − 5 = x − 1 BCD = 90 (definition of rectangle)
x=4 BF = DF (property of rectangle)
AB = [2(4) − 5] cm = 15 cm
= 3 cm In △BCD,
BC 2 + CD 2 = BD 2 (Pyth. theorem)

(b) ∵ OC = OD (property of rectangle) BC = (15 + 15) 2 − 182 cm

∴ OCD = ODC (base s, isos. △) = 24 cm
= 60
In △OCD, (b) ∵ △AED  △AFD (SSS)
OCD + ODC + DOC = 180 (∠ sum of △) and △AFD  △BFC (SSS)
60 + 60 + DOC = 180 ∴ △ADE  △BCF
DOC = 60 ∴ △ADE and △BCF have the same area.
Area of ABFCDE = area of rectangle ABCD
3. AB = DC (property of rectangle) = 24 18 cm 2
= 7.5 cm = 432 cm 2
ABC = 90 (definition of rectangle)
In △ABC,
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem) Enhanced Worksheet 5.3C
AC = 7.52 + 182 cm 1. x = 90 (property of square)
= 19.5 cm OD = OC (property of square)
AE = AB = 7.5 cm 3 y − 1 = 14
CE = AC − AE
3 y = 15
= (19.5 − 7.5) cm
y=5
= 12 cm
2. AB = AD (definition of square)
4. (a) BD = CE (opp. sides of // gram) 3x − 5 = 2 x + 6
= 4 cm x = 11
AC = BD (property of rectangle) FBE = 45 (property of square)
= 4 cm

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 5 Quadrilaterals
In △BEF, 6. (a) ∠BCF =∠BAF (property of rhombus)
FBE + BFE = FEC (ext.  of △) = 50
45 + y = 75 ∠DCF = 90 (definition of square)
y = 30 BCD = BCF + DCF
= 90 + 50
3. In △ACE, = 140
∵ CE = AE
∴ ACE = CAE (base ∠s, isos. △) (b) ∵ BC = CF (definition of rhombus)
AEC + CAE + ACE = 180 (∠ sum of △) and CD = CF (definition of square)
132 + 2CAE = 180 ∴ BC = CD
CAE = 24 ∴ CBD = CDB (base ∠s, isos. △)
DAC = 45 (property of square) In △BCD,
DAE = DAC − CAE CBD + CDB + BCD = 180 (∠ sum of △)
= 45 − 24 2CBD + 140 = 180
= 21 CBD = 20
ABC + BAF = 180 (int. s, BC // AF )
4. CAD = 45 (property of square) (ABG + 20) + 50 = 180
∵ CAE = CAD ABG = 110
1
∴ CAE =  CAD
2
1
=  45
Enhanced Worksheet 5.4
2
1. ∵ BC = AD opp. sides of // gram
= 22.5
CE = AF property of rectangle
AFD = 90 (property of square)
∴ BE = BC − CE
In △AFG,
BGE = CAE + AFD (ext. ∠ of △) = AD − AF
= 22.5 + 90 = DF
= 112.5
2. (a) In △ADE and △BCE,
DE = CE given
5. (a) AO = BO (property of square)
ADE = BCE = 90 definition of rectangle
= 7 cm
AD = BC propety of rectangle
AOB = 90 (property of square)
In △ABO, ∴ △ADE  △BCE SAS

AB 2 = AO 2 + BO 2 (Pyth. theorem)
(b) ∵ △ADE  △BCE proved in (a)
AB = 7 + 7 cm
2 2 ∴ AE = BE corr. sides,  △s
∴ ∠BAE =∠ABE base ∠s, isos. △
= 98 cm (or 7 2 cm)

3. AED = ABD opp. ∠s of // gram

(b) CE = BC = AE = AB = 98 cm (definition of square)
=x
BCE = 90 (definition of square) corr. s, FC // ED
AFC = AED
BCE + DCE = 180 (adj. ∠s on st. line)
=x
90 + DCE = 180
∵ AC = AF given
DCE = 90 ACF = AFC
∴ base ∠s, isos. △
In △CDE,
=x
CD 2 + CE 2 = DE 2 (Pyth. theorem) In △ACF,
CD = 11 − ( 98 ) cm
2 2 CFE = ACF + CAF ext. ∠ of △
y= x+z
= 23 cm
Perimeter of ABDE 4. (a) In △AFE and △DCE,
= AE + AB + BC + CD + DE
FAE = CDE alt.∠s, FB // DC
= ( 98 + 98 + 98 + 23 + 11) cm AE = DE given
= 45.5 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) FEA = CED vert. opp. s
∴ △AFE  △DCE ASA

(b) ∵ △AFE  △DCE proved in (a)

∴ FA = CD corr. sides,  △s
∵ CD = AB opp. sides of // gram
∴ FA = AB
i.e. A is the mid-point of BF.
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 5 Quadrilaterals
5. (a) In △ABE and △ADF, In △AGD,
AE = AF given ADG + AGD + DAG = 180 ∠ sum of △
BAE = DAF common  (90 − x) + AGD + x = 180
AB = AD definition of rhombus AGD = 90
∴ △ABE  △ADF SAS ∴ △AGD is a right-angled
triangle.
(b) ABC = ADC property of rhombus
∵ △ABE  △ADF proved in (a)
∴ ABE = ADF corr. ∠s,  △s Enhanced Worksheet 5.5A
∴ EBC = ABC − ABE 1. In △ADE,
= ADC − ADF ∵ AB = BD and AC = CE (given)
= FDC ∴ BC // DE (mid-pt. theorem)
∴ AED = ACB (corr. s, DE // BC)
6. ∵ BEC = DCE x = 40
∴ BE // CD alt. ∠s equal
1
∵ ABCE is a rectangle. BC =  DE (mid-pt. theorem)
∴ AE // BC 2
1
i.e. AD // BC y =  36
∵ BE // CD and ED // BC 2
∴ BCDE is a parallelogram. = 18
∵ AE = BC property of rectangle
and DE = BC opp. sides of // gram 2. In △ABC,
∴ AE = DE ∵ CD = DA and CE = EB (given)
i.e. E is the mid-point of AD. 1
∴ DE =  AB (mid-pt. theorem)
2
7. ∵ AE and DE are angle bisectors of 1
8 =  4a
∠BAD and ∠ADC respectively. 2
∴ BAE = EAD 8 = 2a
and ADE = CDE a=4
BAD + CDA = 180 int. ∠s, BA // CD
∵ DE // AB (mid-pt. theorem)
2EAD + 2ADE = 180
∴ CDE = CAB (corr. s, DE // AB)
EAD + ADE = 90
= 71
In △ADE,
In △CDE,
EAD + ADE + AED = 180 ∠ sum of △
CDE + DCE + CED = 180 ( sum of △)
90 + AED = 180
71 + b + 43 = 180
AED = 90
∴ AEDF is a parallelogram with b = 66
one interior right angle.
∴ AEDF is a rectangle. 3. In △AEG,
∵ AD = DE and AF = FG (given)
8. (a) In △ADF and △DCE, 1
AD = DC definition of square ∴ DF =  EG (mid-pt. theorem)
2
ADF = DCE = 90 definition of square 1
DF = DC − CF 3.5 cm =  EG
2
= BC − CF definition of square EG = 7 cm
= BC − BE given In △ABC,
= CE ∵ AE = (3 + 3) cm = 6 cm = EB
∴ △ADF  △DCE SAS and AG = (2.5 + 2.5) cm = 5 cm = GC
1
(b) Let DAF = x . ∴ EG =  BC (mid-pt. theorem)
2
∵ △ADF  △DCE proved in (a)
1
∴ CDE = DAF corr. ∠s,  △s 7 cm =  BC
2
=x BC = 14 cm
ADG = ADF − CDE
= 90 − x definition of
square

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 5 Quadrilaterals
4. In △PQS, ∵ CQ = QB and CR = RA (given)
∵ QT = TP and QU = US (given) 1
∴ QR =  AB (mid-pt. theorem)
1 2
∴ TU =  PS (mid-pt. theorem)
2 1
=  24 cm
1 2
=  12 cm
2 = 12 cm
= 6 cm Perimeter of △PQR = PQ + PR + QR
In △SQR, = (10 + 9 + 12) cm
∵ SU = UQ and SV = VR (given)
= 31 cm
1
∴ UV =  QR (mid-pt. theorem)
2
7. In △ABC,
1
=  8 cm ∵ AD = DB and AF = FC (given)
2 ∴ DF // BC (mid-pt. theorem)
= 4 cm
∵ CE = EB and CF = FA (given)
∴ TV = TU + UV
∴ EF // BA (mid-pt. theorem)
= (6 + 4) cm
∵ DF // BC and EF // BA
= 10 cm ∴ BEFD is a parallelogram.
BDF + ADF = 180 (adj. s on st. line)
BDF + 90 = 180
5. (a) In △ABC,
∵ AM = MB and AN = NC (given) BDF = 90
∴ BEFD is a parallelogram with one interior right angle.
1
∴ MN =  BC (mid-pt. theorem) ∴ BEFD is a rectangle.
2
1
4 cm =  BC
2 Enhanced Worksheet 5.5B
BC = 8 cm
1. ∵ AB // CD // EF and AC = CE
∴ BD = DF (intercept theorem)
(b) In △BDE,
∵ BN = NE and BC = CD x+4=8
∴ CN // DE (mid-pt. theorem) x=4
∴ ACB = EDB (corr. s, CN // DE)
= 64 2. ∵ BA // ED // GF and AD = DF
In △ABC, ∴ BE = EG (intercept theorem)
∵ AM = MB and AN = NC (given) h = 1.5
∴ MN // BC (mid-pt. theorem)
In △ABC,
∴ ANM = ACB (corr. s, MN // BC)
∵ AF = (2 + 2) cm = 4 cm = FC and BA// GF
= 64
∴ GC = BG (intercept theorem)
In △AMN,
k = 1.5 + 1.5
BMN = MAN + ANM (ext.  of △)
=3
= 46 + 64
= 110
3. In △ABE,
∵ EC = CA and CG // AB
6. In △ABC,
∴ EG = GB (intercept theorem)
∵ BP = PA and BQ = QC (given)
x=6
1
∴ PQ =  AC (mid-pt. theorem) ∵ AB // CD // EF and AC = CE
2
1 ∴ BD = DF (intercept theorem)
=  20 cm
2 y = 2y − 4
= 10 cm y=4
∵ AP = PB and AR = RC (given)
1 4. △BCD,
(a) In
∴ PR =  BC (mid-pt. theorem)
2 ∵ BC // GF and CF = FD
1 ∴ BG = GD (intercept theorem)
=  18 cm
2 ∵ CF = FD and BG = GD
= 9 cm 1
∴ GF =  BC (mid-pt. theorem)
2
1
=  20 cm
2
= 10 cm

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 7 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022

 5 Quadrilaterals
(b) In△ABD, In △DEF,
∵ AD // EG and BG = GD ∵ DG = GE and DC = CF
∴ AE = EB (intercept theorem) 1
∴ CG =  EF (mid-pt. therem)
∵ BG = GD and AE = EB 2
1 1
∴ EG =  AD (mid-pt. theorem) =  8 cm
2 2
1
=  34 cm = 4 cm
2 BG = BC − CG
= 17 cm = (16 − 4) cm
EF = EG + GF = 12 cm
= (17 + 10) cm
= 27 cm
8. ∵ CF // GH and HF // GC
∴ CFHG is a parallelogram.
5. In △ADF, ∴ HF = GC (opp. sides of // gram)
∵ DC = CF and CE // FA = 6 cm
∴ DE = EA (intercept theorem) In △EFA,
In △ACD, ∵ ED = DA and DH // AF
∵ AE = ED and BE // CD ∴ EH = HF (intercept theorem)
∴ AB = BC (intercept theorem) = 6 cm
∵ AC = 8 cm In △DBG,
∴ 2 AB = 8 cm ∵ DE = EB and EH // BG
AB = 4 cm ∴ DG = HG (intercept theorem)
∵ DE = EB and DH = HG
1
6. (a) In △ACD, ∴ EH =  BG (mid-pt. theorem)
2
∵ AB = BC and AH = HD
1
∴ BH // CD (mid-pt. theorem) 6 cm =  BG
2
In △EGH,
BG = 12 cm
∵ EF = FG and DF // HG
∴ DE = DH (intercept theorem)
= 4 cm

(b) In △EGH,
∵ EF = FG and ED = DH
1
∴ DF =  HG (mid-pt. theorem)
2
1
=  6 cm
2
= 3 cm

7. (a) In △ABC,
∵ AE = EB and EF // BC
∴ AF = FC intercept theorem
In △DEF,
∵ DG = GE and GC // EF
∴ DC = CF intercept theorem
∴ AF = FC = CD

(b) In △ABC,
∵ AF = FC and AE = EB
1
∴ EF =  BC (mid-pt. theorem)
2
1
8 cm =  BC
2
BC = 16 cm

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 8 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2022