Quarter 2

Biotechnology 8

By Group 2
FOLL OW
the

LEADER
What is Microorganism?
Microscopic organisms, also
known as microbes or
microorganisms, are living
organisms that are visible
only under a microscope.
Microorganisms can be
bacteria, fungi, archaea or
protists.
Microbiology studies bacteria,
including protists, fungi,
algae, and archaea. Most
virologist says that prions and
viruses are not included in the
microorganism group
because they are not made
up of cells.
The existence of microscopic
organisms was discovered during the
period 1665 - 1683 by two Fellows of
The Royal Society, Robert Hooke and
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek.
Microorganisms are incredibly diverse and exist in virtually every
habitat on Earth, from the deepest parts of the oceans to the highest
mountain peaks.
Some bacteria are beneficial and play essential roles in processes
like nutrient cycling, while others can cause diseases in humans,
animals, and plants.

Many microorganisms are beneficial to humans and the

environment.
Some microorganisms are pathogenic and can cause diseases in
humans, animals, and plants.

Microorganisms have applications in biotechnology, including the

production of enzymes, biofuels, and bioplastics.

These communities of microorganisms can influence the health and

well-being of their hosts.
What Are The Six Types of Microorganism?

Bacteria Protozoa

Archea Algae

Fungi Virus
 BACTERIA
Bacteria, unicellular organisms,
lack a nucleus and have a
peptidoglycan cell wall.
They divide by binary fission
and may possess flagella.
Classified by cell wall structure,
bacteria are classified as
aerobic, anaerobic,
heterotrophs, or autotrophs.
 Archea
Archaea, prokaryotic cells, differ
from true bacteria in their cell wall
structure and lack peptidoglycans.
They can be categorized into
methanogens, halophiles,
thermophiles, and psychrophiles.
Archaeans use energy sources like
hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and
sunlight, forming adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
 FUNGI
Fungi, including mushrooms,
molds, and yeasts, are
eukaryotic cells with a chitin cell
wall.
They obtain nutrients through
decomposition, symbiotic or
parasitic relationships, and
reproduce through spore
release.
 PROTOZOA
Protozoa are unicellular aerobic
eukaryotes with complex
organelles and cellulose cell
walls.
They make up the largest group
of organisms globally.
They are divided based on
locomotion, nutrition, and mode
of transport, and are classified
as autotrophs or heterotrophs.
 ALGAE
Algae, also called cyanobacteria or
blue-green algae, are unicellular or
multicellular eukaryotes that obtain
nourishment by photosynthesis.
They live in water, damp soil, and
rocks and produce oxygen and
carbohydrates used by other
organisms.
It is believed that cyanobacteria are
the origins of green land plants.
 virus
Viruses are microscopic
organisms that can infect hosts,
like humans, plants or animals.
They're a small piece of genetic
information (DNA or RNA) inside
of a protective shell (capsid).
Some viruses also have an
envelope.
Viruses can't reproduce.
Impact on the Environment
GOOD IMPACT
Many microorganisms play a
crucial role in nutrient
cycling.
Certain microorganisms can
break down or detoxify
pollutants in the environment.
Microorganisms are used in the
production of various foods
and beverages
BAD IMPACT
Pathogenic microorganisms can
cause diseases in plants,
animals, and humans.
vs Certain microorganisms produce
toxins harmful to other
organisms.
In some cases, microorganisms,
like algae, can disrupt
ecosystems.