ASSIGNMENT 1

Chapter 1:
1.21) Analysis of 1,064 deaths of famous popular musicians showed that 31
percent were related to alcohol or drug abuse. “But that is just a sample. It
proves nothing,” said Hannah. Do you agree with Hannah’s conclusion?
Explain.
Hanna is both right and wrong because it is only a sample. However, this sample
can prove that 31% of famous popular musicians’ deaths ( ≈ 330) were related to
alcohol/drug abuse.
1.27) The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is used by many
graduate schools of busi-ness as one of their admission criteria. GMAT scores
for selected undergraduate majors are shown below. Using your own
reasoning and concepts in this chapter, criticize each of the following
statements.

a) Correct, the number of students taking Philosophy test is the lowest.

b) Correct, the number of students taking Engineering test is higher than the
number of students taking English test (29,688 > 3,589).
c) Can not proved it, there is no connection and data related between two
majors.
d) Incorrect, the number of students taking Physics test is among the smallest
number. Therefore, the average score is likely to be higher than other majors
and this can not prove Physics test takers are the best managers.
Chapter 2:
2.51) Examine each of the following statistics. Which sampling method was
most likely to have been used (simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster)?
a) This may be the use of cluster sampling.
b) This may be the use of cluster sampling.
c) This may not be the use of sampling.
d) This may not be the use of sampling.
2.55) To protect baby scallops and ensure the survival of the species, the U.S.
Fisheries and Wildlife service requires that an average scallop must weigh at
least 1/36 pound. The harbormaster at a Massachusetts port randomly
selected 18 bags of scallops from 11,000 bags on an arriving ves-sel. From
each bag, agents took a large scoop of scallops, separated and weighed the
meat, and divided by the number of scallops in the scoop, finding a mean
weight of 1/39 pound. (a) Would the population of 11,000 bags be considered
effectively infinite in this case? (b) Which value represents a sample statistic:
1/36 or 1/39?
a) The population may be considered effectively infinite in this case due to
population size is more than 20 times larger than the sample size (11,000 >
360).
b) The value of 1/39 represents the sample statistic.
Chapter 3:
3.31)

a)
b) The relationship between X and Y is weak positive association.
3.33)
 a)
b) The relationship between X an Y is strong positive association.
Chapter 4:
4.49) Your laptop gets warm (even hot) when you place it on your lap because
it is dissipating heat from its microprocessor and related components. (a) Use
the information in the following table to make a scatter plot. (b) Describe the
relationship between Microprocessor Speed and Power issipation. (c)
Calculate the correlation coefficient.
Chip Microprocessor (MHz) Power Dissipation (watts)
1989 Intel 80486 20 3
1993 Pentium 100 10
1997 Pentium II 233 35
1998 Intel Celeron 300 20
1999 Pentium III 600 42
1999 AMD Athlon 600 50
2000 Penthium 4 1300 51
2004 Celeron D 2100 73
2004 Pentium 4 3800 115
2005 Pentium D 3200 130
2007 AMD Phenom 2300 95
2008 Intel Core 2 3200 136
2009 Intel Core i7 2900 95
2009 AMD Phenom II 3200 125
 a)
b) The relationship between Microprocessor Speed and Power Dissipation is
strong positive linear association.
c)
n

∑ (x i ¿−x )( y i− y ) 80,2505
i=1
r s= = ≈ 0.962 ¿

√∑ √∑
n
2
n
2
5,019 × 166
(x i−x) ( y i− y)
i=1 i=1

4.65) How many days in advance do travelers purchase their airline tickets?
Below are data showingthe advance days for a sample of 28 passengers on
United Airlines Flight 815 from Chicago to Los Angeles. (a) Calculate the
mean, median, mode, and midrange. (b) Calculate the quartiles and midhinge.
(c) Why can’t you use the geometric mean for this data set?
11 7 11 4 15 14 71 29 8 7 16 28 17 249 0 20 77 18 14 3 15 52 20 0 9 9 21 3
Sort in order: 0 0 3 3 4 7 7 8 9 9 11 11 14 14 15 15 16 17 18 20 20 21 28 29 52 71
77 249
a) Mean ≈ 26.714
Median = 14.5
Mode: 0; 3; 7; 9; 11; 14; 15; 20
0+249
Midrange = =124.5
2
25
b) 1st Quartile position: ( 28+1 ) × 100 =7.25  between 7 and 8
1st Quartile value = 7+ 0 ,25 × ( 8−7 )=7.25
50
2nd Quartile position: ( 28+1 ) × 100 =14.5  between 14 and 15
2nd Quartile value = 14+ 0 ,5 × ( 15−14 )=14.5
 75
3rd Quartile position: ( 28+1 ) × 100 =21.75  between 21 and 22
3rd Quartile value = 20+0 , 75 × ( 21−20 )=20.75
7.25+20.75
Midhinge = =14
2
c) Geometric mean can not be caculated because this data set contains value of
zero.
4.66) The durations (minutes) of 26 electric power outages in the community
of Sonando Heights over the past five years are shown below. (a) Find the
mean, median, and mode. (b) Are the mean and median about the same? (c) Is
the mode a good measure of center for this data set? Explain. (d)Is the
distribution skewed? Explain.
32 44 25 66 27 12 62 9 51 4 17 50 35 99 30 21 12 53 25 2 18 24 84 30 17 1
Sort in order: 2 4 9 12 12 17 17 17 18 21 24 25 25 27 30 30 32 35 44 50 51 53 62
66 84 99
a) Mean ≈ 33.308
Median = 26
Mode: 17
b) Mean and median are the same.
c) Mode is a good measure of center for this data set because there is only one
mode.
d) The distribution is right skewed (positively skewed) because mode < median
< mean (17 < 26 < 33.3).
Chapter 5:
5.77) (a) In a certain state, license plates consist of three letters (A–Z) followed
by three digits (0–9). How many different plates can be issued? (b) If the state
allows any six-character mix (in any order) of 26 letters and 10 digits, how
many unique plates are possible? (c) Why might some combinations of digits
and letters be disallowed? *(d) Would the system described in (b) permit a
unique license number for every car in the United States? For every car in the
world? Explain your assumptions. *(e) If the letters O and I are not used
because they look too much like the numerals 0 and 1, how many different
plates can be issued?
a) 263 ×10 3=17,576,000 possible plates that can be issued.
 b) 363 =2,176,782,336 possible plates that can be issued.
c) Some combinations of the plate may be disallowed because it may cause
confusion, such as 0 – O, 1 – I.
d) A system like (b) may work for cars in the USA but may not work for every
car around the world. The USA population is over 300 million so more than
2 billion possible plates are enough for every vehicles in the USA. However,
with nearly 8 billion people around the world, the number of plate is not
possible to provide a unique plate for every vehicles around the world.
e) 34 6=1,544,804,416 possible plates that can be issued.
5.93) Four students divided the task of surveying the types of vehicles in
parking lots of four different shopping malls. Each student examined 100 cars
in each of four large suburban malls, resulting in the 5 × 4 contingency table
shown below. (a) Calculate each probability (i–vi) and explain in words what
it means. (b) Do you see evidence that vehicle type is not independent of mall
location? Explain.
i. P(C) ii. P(G) iii. P(V | S)
iv. P(C | J ) v. P(C and G) vi. P(T and O)

193
a) i. P(C) = 400 =0.4825 . The probability of randomly choosing C is 0.4825.
100
ii. P(G) = 400 =0.25 . The probability of randomly choosing anything belongs
to G is 0,25.
19
iii. P(V|S) = 100 =0.19. The probability of randomly choosing V in S is 0.19.
64
iv. P(C|J) = 100 =0.64 . The probability of randomly choosing C in J is 0.64.
 36
v. P(C and G) = 400 =0.09 . The probability of randomly choosing C and
belongs to G is 0.09.
6
vi. P(T and O) = 400 =0.015 . The probability of randomly choosing T and
belongs to O is 0.015.
b) Yes, there are evidences that the vehicle type and the location are not
independent. For two events to be independent, P ( A ∩B )=P ( A ) × P ( B ). Take
an example, consider P(C) is the probability of randomly choosing a car,
P(S) is the probability of randomly choosing a vehicle that belongs to
Sommerset  P ( C ∩ S ) is the probabilty of choosing a car that belongs to
44 193 100
Sommerset. So P ( C ∩ S ) = 400 =0 .11∧P ( C ) × P ( S )= 400 × 400 ≈ 0.121 . As 0.11 ≠
0.121  P ( C ∩ S ) ≠ P ( C ) × P ( S ) and C and S is not independent (or the vehicle
type and the location are not independent).
5.99) Dolon Web Security Consultants requires all job applicants to submit to
a test for illegal drugs. If the applicant has used illegal drugs, the test has a 90
percent chance of a positive result. If the applicant has not used illegal drugs,
the test has an 85 percent chance of a negative result. Actually, 4 percent of
the job applicants have used illegal drugs. If an applicant has a positive test,
what is the probability that he or she has actually used illegal drugs? Hint:
Make a 2 × 2 contingency table of frequencies, assuming 500 job applicants.
Total = 500
P(used) = 0.04  P (not used) = 1 – P(used) = 0.96
Number of used = 500 × 0.04 = 20  Number of not used = 500 – 20 = 480

P(positive|used) = 0.9  Number of positive and used = 20 × 0.9 = 18  Number

of negative and used = 20 – 18 = 2

P(negative|not used) = 0.85  Number of negative and not used = 480 × 0.85 =
408  Number of positive and not used = 480 – 408 = 72

Used Not used Total

 Positive 18 72 90
Negative 2 408 410
Total 20 480 500

P(used|positive) = 18/90 = 0.2. There is a probability of 0.2 that people with

positive result are actually using drugs.