7.

DECOLONISATION TO POLITICAL INTEGRATION OF INDIA (SYJC ARTS)

Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

1. Decolonisation is the process of ending the colonial rule and handing over..................................to local people by
colonialist.

(a) the political and administrative power (b) the political and social power (c) the social and cultural power

(d) the social and economical power

2. ..................... handled the situation with great skill and tact.

(a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (b) Maulana Abdula Kalam Azad (c) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Dr. T.B.Kunha

3. In February 1948, ................................ merged in India.

(a) Junagadh (b) Dadra and Nagar Haveli (c) Hyderabad (d) Kashmir

4. In .......................people wanted to merge in India and the Nawab wanted to merge in Pakistan.

(a) Saurashtra (b) Kashmir (c) Hyderabad (d) Rajasthan

5. In 1946, under the leadership of ........................ the movement of ‘Civil Disobedience’ was launched in Goa.

(a) Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (b) Dr. T.B.Kunha (c) Dr. P.P. Shirodkar (d) Dr. Ram Hegde

6. Hyderabad’s struggle of freedom was led skilfully by .................................................

(a) King Hari Singh (b) Swami Ramanand Tirth (c) Pandit Mahadevshashtri Joshi (d) Keshavrao Jedhe

7. The ...............................passed a resolution in favour of Hyderabad’s merger in India.

(a) Hyderabad State Congress (b) Marathwada Parishad (c) Karnataka Parishad (d) Andhra Parishad

8............................. the day of Hyderabad’s Freedom is celebrated as the ‘Marathwada Liberation Day’.

(a) 17th September (b) 18th September (c) 16th September (d) 19th September

9. In 1954, the ‘Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti’ was founded at ............................... .

(a) Pune (b) Kolhapur (c) Nagpur (d) Nashik

10. On .........................................1954, all French colonies in India were merged in India.

(a) 1st November (b) 1st October (c) 1st December (d) 1st September

11. In 1928, ‘Goa Congress Committee’ was founded in ..............................

(a) Delhi (b) Mumbai (c) Chennai (d) Bangalore

12. ............................was started by India Army in Goa to free from Portuguese.

(a) Operation Vijay (b) Operation Thunder (c) Operation Blue Star (d) Operation Polo

13. According to ............................Jammu and Kashmir got special status.

(a) Article 370 (b) Article 470 (c) Article 315 (d) Article 365

14. In 1939, posters with ..............................slogans were posted all over Goa.

(a) Quit Goa (b) Quit Portuguese (c) Quit India (d) Non- Cooperation Movement

15. The princely states in India were merged in India mainly through the efforts of ................................

(a) Jayantrao Tilak (b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (c) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Dr. T.B.Kunha

(B) Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’, and write the corrected on.

1.

*Group A Group B

(a) Merger of the princely state of Hyderabad - Swami Ramanand Tirth

(b) Merger of the princely state of Kashmir - Shaikh Abdullah

(c) Significant contribution in the ‘Goa Liberation Movement’ - Mohan Ranade

(d) The trade unionist leader in Puducherry - V.Subbayya

Ans: Merger of the princely state of Kashmir - King Hari Singh ( Instrument of Accession)

2.

Group A Group B

(a) Hyderabad’s Organisation - Hyderabad State Congress

(b) Goa’s Organisation - Goa Congress Committee

(c) Puducherry Leader - Dr. T.B.Kunha

(d) Kashmir’s King - King Hari Singh

Ans: Puducherry Leader - Subbayya

3.

Group A Group B

(a) Junagadh merged in India - February 1948

(b) Hyderabad merged in India - September 1948

(c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged in India - August 1955

(d) Goa became part of India - December 1961

Ans: Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged in India - August 1954

4. Group A Group B

(a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel - 1st Prime Minister

(b) Swami Ramanand Tirth - Hyderabad Freedom Struggle

(c) Francis Mascarenhas - United Goan Front

(d) Keshavrao Jedhe - Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti

Ans: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel - Deputy Prime Minister

5.

Group A Group B

(a) Junagadh - February 1948 merged in India

(b) Hyderabad - September 1948 merged in India

(c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli - In 1961 Union Territory

(d) Jammu and Kashmir - Article 470

Ans: Jammu and Kashmir - Article 370

Q.2 Write the names of historical places/ persons/ events.

1. The Princely State that did not merge in India immediately after its independence –

Ans: Junagadh, Hyderabad, Kashmir, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa and Pondicherry.

2. The President of Goa Congress Committee –

Ans: Dr. T.B.Kunha

3. Languages were spoken in Hyderabad-

Ans: Telugu, Kannada and Marathi.

4. Various organisations in Hyderabad-

Ans: Andhra Parishad, Maharashtra Parishad and Karnataka Parishad.

5. Head of the Razakar organisation-

Ans: Kasim Razvi

6. Name of the mission planned by Indian Army in Goa-

Ans: Operation Vijay

7. People of Puducherry got united under the leadership of –

Ans: Subbayya

8. Name of the regions controlled by the French-

Ans: Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe, Yanam and Chandranagar.

9. The day of Hyderabad’s Freedom is celebrated as the ‘Marathwada Liberation Day’-

Ans: 17th September

10. The people who became martyrs in ‘Hyderabad Freedom Struggle’-

Ans: Vedprakash, Shyamlal, Govind Pansare, Shridhar Vartak, Bahirjee Shinde, Janardhan Mama etc.

Q. 2 (B) Choose the correct reason from those given below and complete the sentence.

1. Junagadh merged in India because______________________

(a) Nawab wanted to merge in Pakistan

(b) People of Junagadh wanted to merge in India

(c) People of Junagadh opposed Nawab’s decision

(d) All of above

Ans: All of above

2. Nizam had opposed the resolution passed by Hyderabad State Congress because________________ .(a) he was willing
to join Pakistan

(b) Fear of losing his hold over Hyderabad

(c) people were in favour of India

(d) All of above

3. Pakistan attacked on Kashmir because____________________ .

(a) Pakistan wanted to capture Kashmir

(b) King Hari Singh wanted to join India

(c) People of Kashmir wanted to join India

(d) King Hari Singh neither wanted to join Pakistan nor India

Ans: Pakistan wanted to capture Kashmir

Q,3 Observe the map on text book page 61 and answer the questions based on it.

1. What is the name of the country located at the northwest border of India?

Ans: Pakistan and Afghanistan

2. Which place in India was the centre of Portuguese rule?

Ans: Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Diu and Daman.

3. Which places on the eastern coast of India were the centres of French rule?
Ans: Puducherry, Yanam and Karaikal.

4. Which nation is located at the southern tip of India?

Ans: Sri Lanka

5. What is the name of the country located at the northeast border of India?

Ans: China, Nepal, Bhutan and East Pakistan (Bangladesh)

6. What is the theme of the map?

Ans: Independent India, 15th August 1947.

7. Name of the island located nearby India.

Ans: Andaman and Nicobar Island.

8. Name of the region located in the western coast of India.

Ans: Diu, Daman, Mumbai, Goa and Mahe.

9. Name of the region located in the eastern coast of India.

Ans: Kolkata, Yanam, Chennai, Pondicherry and Karaikal.

Q.4 Complete the following concept map.

1.

The volunteers in the Goa Freedom Struggle

1 . Ans:

Dr. T.B.Kunha Francis Mascarenhas

The volunteers in the Goa Freedom Struggle

Ram Manohar Lohia Dr, Ram Hegde

2.

Princely/other states under the dominance of foreign power

2 Ans: . Junagadh Hyderabad

Princely/other states under the dominance of foreign power

Kashmir Goa and Puducherry

3.

Name of the various organisation working in Goa

3 Ans:

Goa Congress Committee United Front of Goans

Name of the various organisation working in Goa

Azad Gomantak Dal Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti

Q.5 Write Short notes.

(1) Junagadh: 1) Junagadh was located in Gujarat. 2) Nawab of Junagadh was planning to merge the state into
Pakistan, but people of Junagadh were in favour of India. 3) After getting the people against him, he flew to
Pakistan, in February 1948 Junagadh became part of Independent India.

(2) Kashmir merged in India: 1) After declaring British policy regarding princely state, King Hari Singh of
Kashmir neither wanted to join Pakistan nor India. 2) But Pakistan wanted to capture Kashmir. 3) Soon Pakistan
attacked Kashmir, King Hari Singh seeked the help from Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, who was the first Prime
Minister of India. 4) Indian army had already started recapturing parts of land which had been captured by the
Pakistani army. 5) Meanwhile, UNO intervened in this matter and Pakistan and India had to stop the war. But
by this decision some part of Kashmir remained occupied by Pakistan. 6) Later on, King Hari Singh was ready
to merge in India. Special provisions were passed and through this Kashmir got special status under Article
370.

(3) Dadra and Nagar Haveli: 1) Dadra and Nagar Haveli is located in Gujarat, near Damanganga river it was
under the control of Portuguese. 2) Like other region of India, people of Dadra and Nagar Haveli also got
freedom from Portuguese. 3) Many organisations like United Front of Goans and Azad Gomantak Dal came
together to fight against Portuguese reign. 4) These organisations and their brancheds started capturing area
under it. Many police stations and administration offices were attacked. 5) The Portuguese army was called to
control people. At the same time Government of India appointed Governor and signed the agreement. 6)
According to this treaty Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged in India on 2nd August 1954 and in 1961, got status of
‘Union Territories’.

(4) Puducherrry: 1) Similarly like Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Puducherry was under French rule. 2) Most of the
east coast of India regions like Puducherry Karaikal, Mahe, Yanam and Chandranagar in West Bengal was
under French rule as well. 3) People and many political parties under the leadership of V. Subbayya came
together to get rid from French. 4) It was serious matter for Government of India; hence they demanded that
French Government return the Indian regions. In 1948, an agreement was signed by both governments for
Puducherry. 5) In 1949, Chandranagar was merged in India. 6) In 1954, French Government passed the draft,
according to it all French ruling region will merge in India. Ans in 1963 Puducherry was declared a ‘Union
Territory’.

(5) Goa: 1) Goa was under Portuguese control. In 1928, ‘Goa Congress Committee’ was formed and it became
the branch of Indian National Congress. 2) ‘Quit Goa’ slogans were posted all over Goa. 3) Dr. T.B.Kunha
played an important role in Goa. Dr. Lohia got arrested in Civil Disobedience Movement. 4) Dr. T.B. Kunha
was also arrested. After his release from jail, he started a newspaper namely ‘Azad Goa’ and ‘Swatantra Goa’.
5) One of the groups of activists unfurled Indian flag at the fort of Panaji. 6) Many eminent people participated
in Goa Liberation Movement. Mohan Ranade, systematically began anti-Portuguese propaganda in Goa. He was
arrested and kept in jail till 1972. 7) ‘Maratha’ a newspaper, was trying to get support from Maharashtra for
Goa. Soon Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru sent Indian army to Goa for the mission called ‘Operation Vijay’. 8)
Within 48 hours Portuguese surrendered and Goa became a part of India Republic. Ans 450 years rule of
foreign power came to an end.

Q.6 Explain the following statements with reasons.

1) Kashmir got special Status under Article 370.

Ans: 1) From the beginning Kashmir received special attention from all. 2) After British policy for princely state,
Kashmir King Hari Singh decided not to be a part of Pakistan and also not to be part of India. 3) However, when Pakistan
attacked Kashmir, King Hari Singh asked India for help and he consented to merge Kashmir in India and officially
submitted agreement. 4) Indian Army was sent to save Kashmir. 5) Later on, the constitution of Jammu and Kashmir was
drafted and it became part of India and got special status under ‘Article 370’.

2) Ultimately the princely state of Hyderabad was merged in India.

Ans: 1) Hyderabad was under Nizam rule, it was the largest amongst princely state along with Telugu, Kannada and
Marathi regional sections. 2) Various organisation were formed to fight against the Nizam’s policies for his people. 3)
Swami Ramanand Tirth alongside loyal workers were leading this organisation to gain freedom from the Nizam. 4)
Hyderabad State Congress passed a resolution that Hyderabad will merge in India and this was not liked by Nizam, he
was willing to join Pakistan. 5) People of Hyderabad wanted to merge in India. 6) Kasim Razvi formed ‘Razakar’
organisation against people. 7) At the end Indian Government launched police campaign against Nizam, under the name
‘Operation Polo’. 8) In 1948, Nizam surrendered and Hyderabad merged in India.

3) Puducherry was declared as a Union Territory.

Ans: 1) Puducherry was under French colony. India was under the impression that British and Portuguese will send a
message to French to leave India, however this did not happened. 2) Puducherry, Mahe, Yanam and Chandranagar in
West Bengal was under French control. 3) People in Puducherry got united under Subbayya, a communist politician and
leader. 4) Government noticed it as serious and strongly demanded that French government should return all the regions
held by them. 5) In 1948, a bilateral agreement as signed by both the governments. In 1949, Chandranagar was merged.6)
In 1954, all French colonies were merged in India. In 1962, the French Parliament approved the bilateral agreement and in
1963, Puducherry became the ‘Union Territory’ of India.

4) ‘Operation Vijay’ was planned in Goa.

Ans: 1) Goa was under Portuguese control. In 1928, ‘Goa Congress Committee’ was formed and it became the
branch of Indian National Congress. 2) ‘Quit Goa’ slogans were posted all over Goa. 3) Dr. T.B.Kunha played
an important role in Goa. Dr. Lohia got arrested in Civil Disobedience Movement. 4) Dr. T.B. Kunha was also
arrested. After his release from jail, he started a newspaper namely ‘Azad Goa’ and ‘Swatantra Goa’. 5) One of
the groups of activists unfurled Indian flag at the fort of Panaji. 6) Many eminent people participated in Goa
Liberation Movement. Mohan Ranade, systematically began anti-Portuguese propaganda in Goa. He was
arrested and kept in jail till 1972. 7) ‘Maratha’ a newspaper, was trying to get support from Maharashtra for
Goa. Soon Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru sent Indian army to Goa for the mission called ‘Operation Vijay’. 8)
Within 48 hours Portuguese surrendered and Goa became a part of India Republic. Ans 450 years rule of
foreign power came to an end.

5) Dadra and Nagar Haveli were declared as a Union Territory.

Ans: 1) Dadra and Nagar Haveli is located in Gujarat, near Damanganga river it was under the control of
Portuguese. 2) Like other region of India, people of Dadra and Nagar Haveli also got freedom from Portuguese.
3) Many organisations like United Front of Goans and Azad Gomantak Dal came together to fight against
Portuguese reign. 4) These organisations and their brancheds started capturing area under it. Many police
stations and administration offices were attacked. 5) The Portuguese army was called to control people. At the
same time Government of India appointed Governor and signed the agreement. 6) According to this treaty
Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged in India on 2nd August 1954 and in 1961, got status of ‘Union Territories’.

Q.7. State your opinion.

1) ‘Operation Polo’ was started in Hyderabad.

Ans: 1) Swami Ramanand Tirth with loyal workers was leading a political organisation to free Hyderabad from the
Nizam. 2) Hyderabad State Congress passed a resolution that Hyderabad will merge in India and this was not liked by
Nizam, he was willing to join Pakistan. 3) People of Hyderabad however, wanted to merge with India. Kasmi Razvi
formed ‘ Razakar’ organisation against people who were fighting for democracy. 4) At the end Indian Government
launched police campaign against Nizam called ‘Operation Polo’.

2) The Indian Army was sent for Kashmir’s Protection.

Ans: 1) Kashmir King Hari Singh decided not to be a part of Pakistan and also not to be a part of India. 2) However, when
Pakistan attacked Kashmir, King Hari Singh asked India to help and he consented to merge Kashmir in India and
officially submitted agreement. 3) Indian Army was sent to save Kashmir.

3) Dadra and Nagar Haveli got status of Union Territory.

Ans: 1) Dadra and Nagar Haveli is located in Gujarat, near Damanganga river it was under the control of
Portuguese. 2) Like other region of India, people of Dadra and Nagar Haveli also got freedom from Portuguese.
3) Many organisations like United Front of Goans and Azad Gomantak Dal came together to fight against
Portuguese reign. 4) These organisations and their brancheds started capturing area under it. Many police
stations and administration offices were attacked. 5) The Portuguese army was called to control people. At the
same time Government of India appointed Governor and signed the agreement. 6) According to this treaty
Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged in India on 2nd August 1954 and in 1961, got status of ‘Union Territories’.

4) Contributions of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia and Dr. T.B.Kunha in Goa’s Freedom Struggle.

Ans: 1) Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia started a movement called Civil Disobedience Movement. 2) Dr. Lohia and Dr.
T.B.Kunha were arrested and sent to jail. 3) Dr.Kunha was sent to Portugal for 8 years imprisonment. 4) After returning to
India he started the newspapers, ‘Azad Goa’ and ‘Swatantra Goa’. 5) Both these leaders have contributed a lot for the
freedom of Goa.

5) Andhra, Karnataka, Maharashtra Parishads (Councils) were found in the princely state of Hyderabad.

Ans: 1) Hyderabad was the largest amongst princely states in India. It comprised Telugu, Kannada and Marathi regional
section. It was ruled by Nizam. 2) Nizam of Hyderabad had put many restrictions on Civil and Political rights of his
subjects to a great extent. 3) To fight against such restrictions in the state, people had formed organisations like ‘Andhra
Parishad’ in Telangana, ‘Maharashtra Parishad’ in Maharashtra and ‘Karnataka Parishad’ in Karnataka.

6) The Portuguese rule in Goa remained untouched till 1961.

Ans: 1) Goa was under Portuguese control. There prevailed a general notion among Indians that, departure of the British
from India would send a signal to the Portuguese and the French to leave India on their own. 2) However, this did not
happen and many freedom fighters like Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, Dr. T.B.Kunha and many more have contributed in the
struggle against the Portuguese. 3) At last, Indian government have sent the army, under ‘Operation Vijay’ to make Goa
free from Portuguese control and became a part of India on 19th December, 1961.

Q.8. Write detailed answer with the help of following points.

1) (a) Hyderabad Freedom Struggle (b) The Kashmir issue (c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli (d) Goa (e) Puducherry.

1 Ans: (a) Hyderabad Freedom Struggle: Hyderabad was under the Nizam rule, it was one of the largest amongst
princely state along with Telugu, Kannada and Marathi regional sections. Various organisations were formed to fight
against Nizam’s policy for their people.
(i) Nizam’s decision: Nizam was ruler, and wanted to merge Hyderabad into Pakistan. People of Hyderabad wanted
democracy. It was not about one regional section. He put restrictions on Civil and Political rights of his subjects to a great
extent.

(ii) Organisations: To fight against the suppressive policy of Nizam people of the state started various organisations
namely Andhra Parishad in Telangana, Maharashtra Parishad in Marathwada and Karnataka Parishad in Karnataka.

Swami Ramanand

Swami Ramand Tirth formed an organisation with loyal workers called Hyderabad State Congress and gave direction for
freedom.

(iii) Operation Polo: People of Hyderabad wanted to merge in India. Kasim Razvi formed ‘Razakar’ organisation against
people. At the end, Indian Government launched police campaign against Nizam, called’Operation Polo’. In 1948, Nizam
surrendered and Hyderabad merged in India.

(b) The Kashmir Issue: From the beginning Kashmir is a special attention for all. After British policy for princely state,
Kashmir King Hari Singh decided not to be a part of Pakistan and also not to be a part of India. But Pakistan attacked
Kashmir and King Hari Singh asked India to help and he consented to merge Kashmir in India and officially submitted
agreement. Indian Army were sent to save Kashmir. Later on, the constitution of Jammu and Kashmir was drafted and it
became part of India and got special status under’ Article 370’. In 1948, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru took this matter in
UNO. It became an international issue. Even UNO could not persuade Pakistan to withdraw their troops from territory of
Kashmir occupied by them. However, then the National Conference Party decided on plebiscite to solve the issue and to
accede Kashmir to India.

(c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Dadra and Nagar Haveli located in Gujarat, near Damanganga river under the control of
the Portuguese. Like other region of India, people of Dadra and Nagar Haveli also got freedom from Portuguese. Many
organisations like United Front of Goans and Azad Gomantak Dal came together to fight against Portuguese reign. These
organisations and their branches started capturing area under it. Many police stations and administration offices were
attacked. The Portuguese army was called to control people. At the same time Government of India appointed Governor
and signed the agreement. According to this treaty, Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged in India on 2nd August 1954 and in
1961, got status of ‘Union Territories’.

(d) Goa: 1) Goa was under the Portuguese control. In 1928, ‘Goa Congress Committee’ was formed and it became the
branch of Indian National Congress. 2) ‘Quit Goa’ slogans were posted all over Goa. 3) Dr. Kunha played an important
role in Goa. Lohia got arrested in Civil Disobedience Movement. 4) Dr. Kunha was also arrested. After his release from
jail, he started a newspaper namely ‘Azad Goa’ and ‘Swatantra Goa’. 5) One of the groups of activists unfurled Indian
flag at the fort of Panaji. 6) Many eminent people participated in Goa Liberation Movement. Mohan Ranade,
systematically began anti-Portuguese progaganda in Goa. He was arrested and kept in jail till 1972. 7) ‘Maratha’, a
newspaper, was trying to get support from Maharashtra for Goa. Soon Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru sent Indian army to Goa
for the mission called ’Operation Vijay’. 8) Within 48 hours Portuguese surrendered and Goa became a part of Indian
Republic. And 450 years rule of foreign power came to an end.

(e) Puducherry: 1) Similarly like Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Puducherry was under French rule. 2) Most of the east coast
of India regions like Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe, Yanam and Chandranagar in West Bengal was under French rule as
well. 3) People and many political parties under the leadership of V. Subbayya came together to get rid from French. 4) It
was serious matter for Government of India; hence they demanded that French Government return the Indian regions. In
1948, an agreement was signed by both governments for Puducherry. 5) In 1949, Chandranagar was merged in India. 6) In
1954, French government passed the draft, according to it all French ruling region will merge in India. And in 1963
Puducherry was declared a ‘Union Territory’.