SOLUTIONS
Self Assessment Paper-1
BIOLOGY
Section-A
1. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Gynoecium indicates the female
reproductive part of the flower which consists of
pistil. Each pistil has three parts, that is, stigma,
style and ovary. Inside the ovarian cavity, the
placenta is located. Arising from the placenta there
are the megasporangia, commonly called ovules.
The functional megaspore undergoing the meiotic
division develops into the female gametophyte or
embryo sac. Thalamus, tapetum and stamen are
not a part of the gynoecium. Thalamus is the part
of the flower which forms the base on which all the
floral whorls rest upon. Tapetum is the innermost
nutritive layer or microsporangium and stamens
are male reproductive part (androecium) of the
plant.1
2. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: The portion of the embryonal axis
above the level of cotyledons is the epicotyl, which
terminates into plumule (stem tip). The part below
the level of cotyledons is hypocotyl.1
3. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: An E.coli reproduce in every 20
minutes therefore, after 80 minutes there will be
four generations. In the first generation, all the
strands will be hybrid as the heavy isotope will
be incorporated in the newly synthesised strand
of DNA., i.e., the two DNA will be of intermediate
nature. In the second generation, half (50%) will
be hybrid and half (50%) will be light DNA.In the
third generation, the 1/4 will be hybrid and 3/4 will
be light i.e., 25% will be hybrid and 75% will be
light. Finally, in the fourth generation, 12.5% will
be hybrid and 87.5% will be light strand.1
4. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: Father is heterozygous for blood
group ‘A’ and mother is heterozygous for blood
group ‘B’.
The genotype of the father and mother will be IA i
and IB i respectively.
Hence, the phenotypes of all the possible offsprings
are = A, B, AB and O blood group.
5. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Development of similar adaptive
functional structures in unrelated groups of
organisms is called convergent evolution.1
6. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Eyes of octopus, bat and man show
different patterns of structure but they perform
similar functions. These are the examples of
analogous organs showing convergent evolution.1
7. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: George Gamow (1954) suggested
that the code should be a triplet i.e., made up of
different combination of three nucleotides. This
will give 4 × 4 × 4 = 64 codons, which are more
than enough to code 20 amino acids.1
8. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Mechanism of translation: Charging
of tRNA / aminoacylation of tRNA, small subunit
of ribosome binds to mRNA (5’end). For initiation,
the ribosome binds to the mRNA at the start codon
(AUG) that is recognised only by initiator tRNA.
In the elongation phase, an amino acid with tRNA
sequentially binds to the appropriate codon on
mRNA (forming complementary base pairs with
tRNA anticodon). Ribosome moves from codon to
codon along the mRNA and amino acids are added
one by one in the two sides of the large subunit
joined by peptide bond. Termination occurs when
a release factor binds to the stop codon and releases
the complete polypeptide.1
9. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: In the given list, influenza (ii) and
smallpox (iv) are infectious diseases. Infectious
diseases can be spread from infected person to
2 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, BIOLOGY, Class-XII
healthy person, through contact with body fluids,
by aerosols (through coughing and sneezing),
or via a vector, whereas cancer and allergy are
non- infectious diseases and cannot spread from
infected person to a healthy person.1
10. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: The label 1 and 2 represents restriction
endonucleases, 3 is DNA ligase and 4 represents
the process of transformation.1
11. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: A single-stranded DNA or RNA,
tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is
allowed to hybridize to its complementary DNA
in a clone of cells followed by detection using
autoradiography.1
12. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Pyramid 1 represent Expanding,
2 represent stable and 3 represent declining
population growth status.1
13. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Fertilisation in humans occur at the
ampullary isthmic junction of the fallopian tube.
The fusion of sperm and ovum to form a zygote is
called fertilisation.1
14. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: The chances of Down’s syndrome
increases if the age of the mother exceeds forty
years because age adversely affects meiotic
chromosome behaviour. Meiosis in the egg cells
is not completed, until after fertilization. During
this long gap (till meiosis is not completed) egg
cells are arrested in prophase I and chromosomes
are unpaired. The greater the time they remain
unpaired, greater the chance for unpairing and
chromosome non-disjunction.1
15. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Bone marrow and thymus are primary
lymphoid organs as here immature lymphocytes
differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes.1
16. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Galactosidase is an enzyme that
converts galactose into lactose. This property
makes this enzyme to be used as a selectable marker
or reporter gene in molecular biology experiments.
This property is exploited during the selection of
recombinants from the non-recombinants.1
Section – B
17. (a) A –Pituitary gland; B: Ovary ½ + ½
(b) Endometrium of the uterus regenerates
through proliferation. 1
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2022-23]
Detailed Answer:
The menstrual cycle starts with the menstrual
phase and it lasts for 3–5 days. It results due to the
breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and
its blood vessels. The menstrual phase is followed
by follicular phase.
In this phase, the primary follicles in the ovary grow
to become a mature Graafian follicle and side by
side the endometrium of the uterus regenerates.2
18. (a) GUUCAUUUAACUCCUGAG
(b) Val,His,Leu,Thr,Pro,Glu
(c) Sickle cell anemia. 2
19. (a) STP (B) will be more effective in treating the
human excreta in the municipal waste. It
is because the first step in STP involves the
physical removal of particles from the sewage
through filtration and sedimentation. The
second STP involves the biological treatment of
the sludge.
(b) Once the BOD of sewage water is reduced
significantly, the effluent is then passed into
a settling tank where the bacterial ‘flocs’ are
allowed to sediment. This sediment is called
activated sludge. A small part of the activated
sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank
to serve as the inoculum. The remaining major
part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks
called anaerobic sludge digesters. Here, some
anaerobic bacteria digest the bacteria and fungi
in the sludge by producing gases like methane,
hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These
gases form biogas. 2
20. Human insulin when initially synthesised in the
human body consists of three peptide chains-A, B
and C. The C-peptide is an extra stretch of amino
acids joining the A and B-chains. This is called
proinsulin or prohormone. It undergoes processing
or splicing to release the functional mature insulin
that can carry out its normal functions.
During processing, the C-peptide is removed.
Only A and B-chains contribute to form functional
insulin.2
21. The pyramid of Number is Inverted. The number
is increasing as we move from producers to
secondary consumers.
Insects
Birds
Tree
(Shape, labeling, reason) ½+½+½
The pyramid of Biomass is Upright. A huge tree
with maximum biomass supports several birds
with less biomass and insects with even lesser
biomass.

Insects
Birds
Tree
(Shape, labeling, reason)2
 [CBSE marking Scheme, 2016]
OR
(a) 1 is predator while 2 is a prey.
(b) 3 is a primary consumer at the second trophic
level. 4 is a producer at the first trophic level.
(c) Aquatic plant → Snails → Small frog → Big fish
 2
Section – C
22. (a) To detect chromosomal disorders/sex
determination (legally banned) / detect genetic
disorder / Karyotyping (mention any one)
(b) To prevent pregnancy/means of natural
contraception.
(c) To assist an infertile couple to have children
by transferring the zygote / early embryo /
embryo at eighth blastomere stage into the
fallopian tube. (Any other relevant theme)
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 3
Detailed Answer:
(a) Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used
in prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders like
thalassemia, Down’s syndrome, etc. In this
process, amniotic fluid from the uterus of a
pregnant lady is taken out by a needle to test
the developmental abnormalities of the baby
inside the mother’s womb.
(b) Lactational amenorrhea (absence of
menstruation) when menstrual cycle remain
interrupted with no ovulation after parturition
for the period of intense lactation. It is anatural
method of contraception with no side effects.
(c) Zygote Intra-fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is an
assisted reproductive technology used for
infertility treatment.
In this, the sperm from a donor male and ova from
a donor female are fused in the laboratory. The
formed zygote is then transferred into the fallopian
tube at eight blastomeres stage.
23. (a) Menstruation results in the breakdown of the
endometrial wall of the uterus.
In case of fertilisation, the foetus needs the
endometrial wall as the womb for implantation,
so in case of pregnancy continues to sustain
and menstruation does not happen.
(b) (i) Rupture of Graafian follicle3
(ii) Release of ovum (oulation) 
24. (a) Inbreeding depression
(b) Self-incompatibility
Solutions 3
The pollen of a plant is not allowed to
germinate on the stigma of the same flower or
on a different flower of the same plant due to
pollen-pistil interaction. 3
25. (a) q2 = 0.25,
So, q = 0.5
p+q=1
So, p = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
So, population that consists of carriers (Ss) =
2pq = 2 × 0.5 × 0.5 = 0.5
Carrier individuals in a population of 1000
individuals = 0.5 x 1000 = 500 individuals.
(b) No, it cannot be used.
The Hardy-Weinberg principle takes into
account only diploid organisms/organisms
with two alleles for a trait. 3
26. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs which is
caused by a bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia.
It is a type of chest infection which affects the tiny
air sacs (called alveoli) of the lungs. In this condition,
these air sacs get inflamed and fill with fluid which
makes it harder to breathe.
Symptoms:
It is characterized by difficulty in respiration, fever,
chills, cough, and headache.3
27. (a) Region A: Bam HI
Region B: Pst I
Region C: Ampicillin resistance gene (ampR)
(b) The experiment will not likely to be affected
as recombinant DNA molecule is circular and
closed, with no free ends. Hence, it will not be
a substrate for the exonuclease enzyme which
removes nucleotides from the free ends of
DNA.
Gel electrophoresis. 3
Commonly Made Error
Students often identify incorrect labels of this
cloning vector pBR322.
Answering Tip
Practice self-explanatory diagram of cloning
vector pBR322 with proper labelling, arrows
and headings.
OR
(a) Cause: Deletion of the gene for the enzyme
adenosine deaminase.
Body system affected -Immune system.
(b) Vector: Retroviral vector; Recipient cells
-Lymphocytes.
(c) Adenosine deaminase deficiency is a genetic
disorder. The disorder is caused due to the
deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase,
the enzyme crucial for the immune system to
function. Adenosine deaminase deficiency in
patients can be treated by enzyme replacement
therapy. In this treatment, patients are regularly
injected with the functional ADA enzyme. 3
 4 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, BIOLOGY, Class-XII

28. (a) Section – E

J shaped - growth curve S-shaped - growth curve 31.
(a) Figure: ‘g’ illustrate corpus luteum and
Resources are unlimited Resources are limited Luteinising hormone (LH) influences its
formation.
Growth is exponential Logistic Growth (b) Produces the hormone progesterone causes
As resources are unlimited Fittest individual will proliferation of the endometrium which gets
all individuals survive and survive and reproduce highly vascularised. It is essential for the
reproduce implantation of the fertilized ovum and to
 (Any two) ½ + ½ maintain the same during pregnancy.
(b) The human population represents the logistic (c) “d” is the developing tertiary follicle.
growth curve as the number of human beings “e” is the Graafian follicle.
is increasing rapidly but available resources are (d) Structure of Graafian follicle:
not increasing at the same pace. Such a growth
pattern is not sustainable because at one point
the human population would reach a place Antrum
where there would not be enough resources Secondary oocyte
for everyone. For sustainable growth, we must
find out ways to develop and use already
present resources more intelligently. 3 5
OR
Section – D (a)
29. (a) Form (A) represent Proinsulin. Spermatogenesis Oogenesis
Form (B) is mature insulin.
Proinsulin contains an extra stretch called C- (i) Time of At puberty During
peptide which is absent in mature insulin. 2 initiation foetal stage
OR / embryonic
(a) Preparation of human insulin using stage
recombinant DNA technology: (ii) Site of Seminiferous Fallopian tube
(i) Prepared two DNA sequence completion tubule / Ampullary
corresponding to A and B chains of - isthmic
human insulin. junction /
(ii) Introduced them in plasmids of E. coli to Ampullary
produce insulin chains. region
(iii) Chains A and B were produced separately. (iii) Nature of Equal cell Unequal cell
(iv) Extracted and combined by creating meiotic division/ division /
disulfide bonds to form human insulin. division Continuous cell Suspended/
(b) The challenge for production of insulin using division/ arrested
rDNA technique was getting insulin assembled Formation of at early
into a mature form. 1 four daughter embryonic
(c) Humulin. 1 cells / spermatids stage/
30. (a) Alexander Von Humboldt. He observed that Formation
within a region species richness increased with of one egg /
increasing explored area but only up to a limit. Ovum
2 (b) GnRH acts on anterior pituitary to secrete LH
OR and FSH, LH acts on Leydig cell and stimulates
(a) (i) The slopes of regression lines are similar / synthesis and secretion of androgens,
unaffected distribution in an area / normal androgen stimulates spermatogenesis, FSH
range. acts on sertoli cells which stimulate secretion
(ii) The slope of regression is steeper when of some factors which helps in the process of
we analyse the species area relationship spermiogenesis. 5
among very large areas like entire  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
continent. Detailed Answer:
(b) (slope of the line) regression co-efficient. 1
(c) If species richness is more / 0.62 – 1.2. 1 (a) (i) 
Spermatogenesis begins at puberty due
to a significant increase in the secretion of
gonadotropin releasing hormone.

Oogenesis is initiated during the
embryonic development stage when
millions of gamete mother cells (oogonia)
are formed within each foetal ovary; no
more oogonia are formed and added after
birth.
(ii) Spermatogenesis gets completed in the
seminiferous tubules.
Oogenesis gets completed outside ovary
once the fertilization occurs.
(iii) Equal meiotic divisions take place in
spermatogenesis.
Meiotic divisions taking place during
oogenesis are unequal.
(b) Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH).
LH acts at the Leydig cells and stimulates
synthesis and secretion of androgens.
Androgens, in turn, stimulate the process of
spermatogenesis.
FSH acts on the Sertoli cells and stimulates the
secretion of some factors which help in the
process of spermiogenesis.
32. (a) DNA is the genetic material not proteins
(b) - X: 35S amount in supernatant.
- Y: 32P amount in supernatant.
- Reason: When agitated in a blender, the
bacteriophages separated from the cells. The
supernatant so formed had a high content of
35
S but there was also some 32P which may have
not yet transferred their genetic material to
bacterial cells.
(c) Observations: 5 in the wastewater, thus the BOD would not
(i) Bacteria that were infected with viruses
having radioactive DNA were found.
(ii) Bacteria that were infected with viruses
having radioactive protein coat were not
found to contain radioactivity.
Conclusion: DNA is the genetic material
that is passed from virus to bacteria
whereas protein does not pass to the
bacteria.
Solutions 5
OR
(a) Prokaryotic transcription
(b) RNA polymerase
(c) In eukaryotes hnRNA undergoes additional
processing called as splicing, capping and
tailing.
(i) In splicing the introns are removed and
exons are joined together.
(ii) In capping methyl guanosine triphosphate
is added to the 5-end of hnRNA.
(iii) In tailing, adenylate residues are
added at 3-end in a template. The fully
processed hnRNA, called as mRNA, that
is transported out of the nucleus for
translation.5
33. (a) Reverse transcription of the viral RNA to
cDNA.
This is the only process that is not normally
carried out by the animal cell
(b) If the viral DNA continues to stay in the
cytoplasm, it can get degraded by enzymes in
the cytoplasm.
(c) If the concentration of antigen/antibodies in the
sample used is not sufficient to give a positive
result.
(d) Macrophages act as an HIV factory in human
when infected by HIV where RNA of the virus
replicates to form viral DNA with the help of
enzyme reverse transcriptase. 5
OR
(a) Anaerobic bacteria would not use the oxygen
reduce.
(b) Anaerobic conditions need to be maintained as
biogas-producing bacteria are strict anaerobes.
(c) The slurry will mainly be rich in nitrogen and
phosphorus as the carbon in the sludge would
be used in the formation of methane and
carbon dioxide.
(d) The scientific name of methanogens is
Methanobacterium. Methanobacterium is found in
the anaerobic sludge and rumen of cattle (for
cellulose digestion). 5
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