16 AROMATIC

9. ARMATIC
COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS
Q.4. Distinguish between aromatic and aliphatic

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Introduction :
Q.1. What are aromatic compounds. compounds.
Ans :
Ans:The name aromatic compounds was originally Aromatic comp. Aliphatic comp.
given to natural compounds which possessed

t.c
aroma ( i.e fragrant odour ). i) They contain high i) They contain less
Benzene and it's derivatives & the compounds percentage of carbon percentage of carbon
which resemble benzene in chemical behaviour atoms. atoms.

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are called aromatic compounds. ii) They are colsed chain
compounds.
e.g.
iii) They burn with sooty
ii) They are open chain
compounds.
iii)They burn with non-

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flame. sooty flame.
Benzene Napthalene iv) They undergo addition iv) They undergo addition

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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– as well as substitution or substitution reaction.
Q.2. Give the some examples of aromatic
reaction.
compounds.

s.b
v) They are stable. v) They are unstable
Ans :
vi) They easily undergo vi) They do not undergo
nitration. nitration.
es
Benzene Napthalene
STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC FORMULA
Cl OF BENZENE
cc

Q.5.Give the structural and electronic formula

of benzene.
Ans :
u

Anthracene Chlorobenzene
H
os

Hx
NO2 SO3H .
H C H H ... C H
.
C C

x
C C
.x
.

.
.
.. .. ..
et

C C C C
H H .x H
..

.
x
.

C H C.
.
..

Nitrobenzene Benzene sulphonic acid

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CHO COOH H H
sd

Structural formula Electronic formula

Where
Benzaldehyde
. = Electrons of carbon
m

Benzoic acid
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– x = Electrons of hydrogen
Characteristics of aromatic compounds. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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Q.3. Give the general characteristics of aromatic Kekule's structure of benzene.

compounds. Q.6. Explain the Kekule's structure of benzene.
Ans : i) They are closed chain compounds.
w.

Ans : ( Kekule in 1865 proposed following structure of

ii) They have alternate single, double bond.
benzene) :
iii) They burn with sooty flame ( smoky flame)
i) Molecular formula of benzene is C6H6.
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iv) They contain high percentage of carbon atom.

v) They undergo addition as well as substitution ii) The six C-atom are present at the six corners of a
reaction. regular hexagon.
vi) Their hydroxy compound ( phenol ) are less acidic. iii) Each C-atom carries one H-atom.
vii) They easily undergo nitration.

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 DISHA SCIENCE ACADEMY
iv) To account for the fourth valency of each C, he c) Addition of O3 :
suggested a system of alternate single and double Q.9. Explain Addition of O3 on benzene.
bonds. (i.e. a conjugated system). Ans :Benzene combines with three molecules of ozone

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O
H to form benzene triozonide .
O
CH
C H CH
H O
CH
C C HC CH O HC

t.c
Or + 3O3 O
C C HC CH
H C H CH O HC CH
O O

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CH
H O
Benzene ( C6H6 )
v) The double bonds in benzene are not localised, Benzene triozonide

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but they are in a state of oscillation. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
vi) Benzene can be represented by two structures B) Substitution reactions :

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which are in dynamic equilibrium. 1 ) Halogenation : ( Catalytic halogenation ) :
Q.10. Explain the halogenation of benzene.

s.b
Ans :It is the substitution of a hydrogen atom of

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– benzene ring by a halogen atom.

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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZENE Benzene reacts with halogens ( Cl2 or Br2 ) in dark
A) ADDITION REACTIONS : in presence of haloegen carrer catalyst ( e.g FeCl3 ,
cc

a) Addition of H2 ( or catalytic hydrogenation ) :

FeBr3 AlCl3 etc. ) to give halogen derivatives.
Q.7. Explain Addition of H2 on benzene.
Cl
Ans : When benzene is heated with H2 gas in presence
u

of Ni catalyst at 473 K, it forms cyclohexane. ( Three FeCl3 or Fe

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mole of H2 are added. ) + Cl2 + HCl

Dark
CH CH2
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CH CH2 Benzene Chlorobenzene

HC 473 K H 2C
+ 3 H2
Ni Br
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HC CH H 2C CH2
CH CH2
Benzene ( C6H6 ) FeBr3 or Fe
+ Br2 + HBr
sd

or Dark

Bromobenzene
m

Cyclohexane (C6H12) Benzene

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
b) Addition of Cl2 :
2 ) Nitration :
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Q.8. Explain Addition of Cl2 on benzene.

Ans : Benzene combines with three molecules of Q.11. Explain the nitration of benzene.
w.

chlorine in presence of bright sunlight to form benzene Ans : It is the substitution of a hydrogen atom of
hexachloride (BHC). benzene ring by a nitro group ( -NO2 ).
CH Cl
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CH
Bright sunlight Cl HC CH Cl When benzene is heated with nitrating mixture ( i.e
CH
HC + 3 Cl2
conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 ) at 323 to 333 K
Cl HC CH Cl
HC CH
CH Cl nitrobenzene is formed.
CH
Benzene BHC

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 DISHA SCIENCE ACADEMY
NO2 ii) Benzene reacts with ethyl bromide in the
Conc H2SO4
+ HONO2 + H2 O presence of anhydrous AlCl3 ethyl benzene
(Conc.) 323-333 K is obtained.

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C 2 H5
Benzene Nitrobenzene ∆
Q.12.What is nitrating mixture. AlCl3
+ C2H5Br + HBr

t.c
Ans : It is mixture of concentrated HNO3 and Ethyl bromide
conc. H2SO4.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Benzene Ethyl benzene
3) Sulphonation :

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Q.13. Explain the Sulphonation of benzene. Q.15.How will you prepare from benzene :
Ans : It is the substitution of a hydrogen atom of i) Methyl benzene ( Toluene )

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benzene ring by a sulphonic acid group (-SO3H ). ii) Ethyl bezene
When benzene is heated with conc. sulphuric acid OR
How will you convert benzene into

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at 373 K benzne sulphonic acid is obtained.
i) Methyl benzene ( Toluene )
SO3H
ii) Ethyl bezene

+ HOSO3H
( Conc.)
373 K
+ H2O
s.b
MCQ’s on Aromatic Compounds
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Benzene Benzene sulphonic acid 1. The hexagonal ring structure of benzene
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– was proposed by
cc

4) Friedel Craft alkylation : a) Berzelius b) Kekule

Q.14. Explain Friedel Craft alkylation of benzene. c) Friedel craft d) Bayer
u

Ans: It is the reaction in which a ring hydrogen atom 2. The C – C bond length in benzene is
of benzene is replaced by alkyl group. a) 139 pm b) 110 pm
os

When benzene is heated with alkyl halide in c) 154 pm d) 198 pm

presence of anhydrous AlCl3, alkyl benzene is 3. Which of the following statements is not
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obtained. correct - regarding aromatic compounds ?

R a) they are closed chain compounds
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∆ b) they contain special type of hexagonal ring

AlCl3 c) they on ignition gives non-sooty flame
+ RX + HX
d) they perferably undergo substitution reaction
sd

Alkyl halide
4. Benzene hexachloride ( BHC) has the formula
Benzene Alkyl benzene. a) C6H6 b) C6H6Cl3
m

c) C6H6Cl6 d) C3H3Cl3
E.g. i) Benzene reacts with methyl chloride in the
presence of anhydrous AlCl3 methyl benzene 5. The the reaction, C2H6 + HNO3  Z /363 K
→
ai

( Toluene ) is obtained. C6H5NO2 + H2O, where Z is

CH3 a) H2SO4 b) H3O+
w.

c) HCl d) H2O
∆
AlCl3 6. Ethyl benzene is prepared from benzene by
+ CH3Cl + HCl the reaction
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Methyl chloride
a) halogenation b) alkylation
c) nitration d) sulphonation
Benzene Methyl benzene ( Toluene)
7. BHC is prepared by treating benzene with Cl2
in presence of

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 DISHA SCIENCE ACADEMY
a) AlCl3 b) sunlight b) they are bivalent
c) H2SO4 c) they acts as an oxidising agent
d) O3 followed by reaction with lime and water d) they act as reducing agents

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anhydrousAlCl 3
9. In Castner’s process for the extraction of
8. In the reaction C6H6 + CH3Cl → sodium, the temperature of the electrolyte is
A + HCl, where A is maintained at about
a) Toluene b) Benzoic acid a) 373 K b) 603 K

t.c
c) Ethyl benzene d) Chlorobenzene c) 973 K d) 1273 K
9. In the reaction, C6H6 + H2SO4 10. Which of the following is not correct about

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A + H2O, where A is sodium ?
a) Benzoic acid b) Benzene sulphate a) It is not malleable and ductile
c) benzene sulphonic acid d) Toulene b) It is lighter than water

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10. The total number of σ and π bonds present c) It is good conductor and heat and electricity
in the molecule of benzene d) It is soft silvery white metal

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a) 12 σ and 2 π b) 12 σ and 3 π
MCQ’s on Alkenes
c) 3 π and 6 σ d) 3 π and 10 σ
1. In IUPAC name of neo-hexane is

s.b
MCQ’s on S- Block Elements a) 2-methyl pentane
b) 2,2-dimethyl hexane
1. The hydroxide of alkali metals are
c) 2,2 dimethyl butane
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a) acidic b) basic d) 2,3- dimethyl butane
c) amphoteric d) either ‘a’ or ‘b’
2. When number of isomers possible for hexane is
cc

2. Which of the following is not an alkali metal

a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
a) Cesium b) Strontium 3.→
373 K Ethyl iodide reacts with sodium in dry ether


c) Rubidium d) Potassium
u

to form
3. Chile salt petre is a) ethane b) Isobutane
os

a) NaCl b) Na2CO3 c) Sodim ethoxide d) n-butane

c) NaNO3 d) Na3PO4 4. When ethene is treated with bromine gives
4. Which of the following does not belong to
et

ethyl bromide. In this reaction catalyst used is

alkali earth metals family ? a) Aq. AlBr3 b) Anhydrous AlBr3
a) Mg b) Ba c) U.V. light d) HNO3
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c) Rb d) Ra
5. Among alkaline earth elements, from Be to 5. The process CH3CH2CH 3  573 K
 →
CH3CH = CH2 + H2 is called
sd

Ra atomic size
a) decreases b) increases a) combustion b) Substitution
c) does not change d) increase but not regularly c) Dehydrohalogenation d) Wurtz reaction
m

6. Borax is mineral of sodium. Its formula is 6. Iodination of ethene is carried out in the
presence of
a) Na2B4O7.10H2O b) Na3BO3
ai

a) HI b) CCl4 c) HIO3 d) HCl

c) Na2SO4.10H2O d) H3BO3
7. Alkanes are represented by general formula
7. The formula of rock salt is
w.

a) CnH2n – 2 b) CnH2n + 2 c) CnH2n d) CnHn

a) Na2O b) NaCl
8. When sodium propionate is heated with soda
c) Na2SO4 d) NaNO3
lime, the product obtained is
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8. Which of the following statements is not

a) ethane
correct regarding alkaline earth metals
b) propane
a) they have the general electronic configuration
c) mixture of ethane and propane
( Noble gas ) ns2
d) sodium propionate

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