Leadership - Lesson 2

3/12/2024
Bus1300 - Lesson 2:
Leader’s Traits
Readings: [1] Chapter 2
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
• Know the traits that distinguish between leaders and non-leaders
• Know how to apply trait theory in organizations
• Know how to use tools to assess leadership traits
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Overview
2.1. Great Person Theories
2.2. Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective
2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?
2.4. Trait Approach in Application
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• Trait Approach: One of the first systematic
attempts to study leadership
• “Great Man” Theories (early 1900s)

– Focused on identifying innate qualities and
characteristics possessed by great social, political,
and military leaders
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Tell a story about each of themhttps://lientran.vn/ 49
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TẠI SAO QUÂN NGUYÊN MÔNG THẤT BẠI

KHI TẤN CÔNG ĐẠI VIỆT?
Lần thứ 1
(năm 1257-
1258)
Lần thứ 2
(năm 1285)
Lần thứ 3
(năm 1287-
1288)
Quân Nguyên
Mông tiến đánh
Chămpa
1283-1285
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THẤT BẠI CỦA ĐẾ QUỐC MÔNG CỔ

TẠI đại VIỆT VÀ CHĂMPA
• Quân Mông Cổ và sau đó là Nguyên Mông đã quên

đi những cốt lõi để đạt kết quả mục tiêu hết lần này
đến lần khác
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Kế “Vườn không nhà trống”

3 lần tại đại việt và 1 lần tại Chămpa
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2.2. Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective

Early 1900s 1930-50s 1970s - Early 90s Today
Traits Interacting With Revival of Critical Role of 5 Major

Great Man Theories
Situational Demands on Leaders Traits in Leader Effectiveness Leadership Traits
•Research • Landmark Stogdill (1948) • Stogdill (1974) • Intelligence

focused study - analyzed and - Analyzed 163 new
on individual synthesized 124 trait studies studies with 1948 study
characteristics - Leadership findings • Self-Confidence
that universally reconceptualized as a - Validated original study
differentiated relationship between people in - 10 characteristics
leaders from non- a social situation positively identified with • Determination
leaders leadership
• Mann (1959) reviewed 1,400
Innate Qualities findings of personality and • Lord, DeVader, & Alliger • Integrity
leadership in small groups (1986) meta-analysis
- Less emphasis on situations - Personality traits can be
- Suggested personality traits used to differentiate • Sociability
could be used to leaders/non-leaders
discriminate leaders from non-
• Kirkpatrick & Locke (1991)
leaders
- 6 traits make up the
Situations “Right Stuff” for leaders
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Traits to possess or cultivate if one seeks to be perceived by others as
a leader:
• 1. Intelligence--Verbal, perceptual, and
reasoning capabilities.
• 2. Self-Confidence--Certainty about one’s

competencies and skills.
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a leader:
• 3. Determination--Desire to get the job

done (i.e., initiative, persistence, drive).
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a leader:
• 4. Integrity--The quality of honesty and
trustworthiness.
• 5. Sociability--Leader’s inclination to
seek out pleasant social relationships.
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Five-Factor Personality Model and Leadership
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Five-Factor Personality Model and Leadership
Big Five and Leadership Study Using Meta-Analysis (Judge et al, 2002)
1st - Extraversion
2nd Conscientiousness
3rd Openness
4th Low
Neuroticism
5th
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• Strengths are the ability to consistently demonstrate
exceptional work (Buckingham & Clifton, 2001; Rath, 2007)
Strengths
• Strengths come from having certain talents and then further
developing those talents by gaining additional knowledge,
skills, and practice.
• Leadership capability is enhanced when we are able to

discover our fully utilized strengths, underutilized strengths,
and weaknesses (MacKie , 2016)
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• Ability to perceive and:
– apply emotions to life’s tasks
Emotional
Intelligence – reason/understand emotions
– express emotions
– use emotions to facilitate thinking
– manage emotions within oneself and relationships
• Underlying Premise: People who are more sensitive to their
emotions and their impact on others will be more effective
leaders)
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• MSCEIT (2000): EQ as a set of mental abilities
– to perceive, facilitate, understand, and manage emotion
Emotional
Intelligence • Goleman (1995, 1998): EQ as a set of personal and social
Measure EQ
competencies
• self-awareness, confidence, self-regulation,
conscientiousness, and motivation
• Shankman and Allen (2015): EQ as awareness of three aspects

of leadership
• context, self, and others
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• Focus of trait approach
• Strengths
• Criticisms
• Application
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• Focuses exclusively on leader
– What traits leaders exhibit
– Who has these traits
Focus
• Organizations use personality assessments to find the “right” people
– Assumption--will increase organizational effectiveness
– Specify characteristics/traits for specific positions
• Personality assessment measures for “fit”
• Instruments: LTQ, Myers Briggs
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• Intuitively appealing • Highlights leadership
– Perception that leaders component in the leadership
are different in that they process
Strengths possess special traits – Deeper level
– People “need” to view understanding of how
leaders as gifted leader/personality related
to leadership process
• Credibility due to a century
of research support • Provides benchmarks for
what to look for in a leader
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• Fails to delimit a definitive • List of most important leadership
list of leadership traits traits is highly subjective
– Endless lists have – Much subjective experience and
Criticisms emerged observations serve as basis for
identified leadership traits
• Research fails to look at traits in
• Doesn’t take into account relationship to leadership
situational effects outcomes
– Leaders in one situation • Not useful for training and
may not be leaders in development
another situation
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 Provides direction as to which traits are good to have if one

aspires to a leadership position
Application
 Through various tests and questionnaires, individuals can
determine whether they have the select leadership traits and can
pinpoint their strengths and weaknesses
 Can be used by managers to assess where they stand within their

organization and what is needed to strengthen their position
Intelligence - Self-confidence – Determination - Integrity - Sociability

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Conclusion
• Trait theory is the earliest perspective on leadership
• Leadership traits are what distinguish leaders from non-leaders
• Five most popular traits: Intelligence - Self-confidence – Determination -

Integrity - Sociability
• There are tools to assess leadership traits such as personality tests
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Leadership Trait
Questionnaire
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Leadership Trait Questionnaire

• Instructions: The purpose of this questionnaire is to measure
personal characteristics of leadership. The questionnaire
should be completed by the leader and five people who are
familiar with the leader
• The purpose of the instrument is to give you a way to assess

your strengths and weaknesses and to evaluate areas where
your perceptions are congruent with those of others and where
there are discrepancies.
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Thank you!
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3/12/2024

• Know the traits that distinguish between leaders and non-leaders

• Know how to apply trait theory in organizations

• Know how to use tools to assess leadership traits

2.2. Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

2.4. Trait Approach in Application

2.1. Great Person Theories

• “Great Man” Theories (early 1900s)

2.1. Great Person Theories

Tell a story about each of themhttps://lientran.vn/ 49

TẠI SAO QUÂN NGUYÊN MÔNG THẤT BẠI

THẤT BẠI CỦA ĐẾ QUỐC MÔNG CỔ

• Quân Mông Cổ và sau đó là Nguyên Mông đã quên

Kế “Vườn không nhà trống”

2.2. Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective

Traits Interacting With Revival of Critical Role of 5 Major

•Research • Landmark Stogdill (1948) • Stogdill (1974) • Intelligence

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

• 2. Self-Confidence--Certainty about one’s

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

• 3. Determination--Desire to get the job

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

• Leadership capability is enhanced when we are able to

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

2.3. What Traits Differentiate Leaders From Non-leaders?

• Shankman and Allen (2015): EQ as awareness of three aspects

2.4. Trait Approach in Application

2.4. Trait Approach in Application

2.4. Trait Approach in Application

2.4. Trait Approach in Application

2.4. Trait Approach in Application

 Provides direction as to which traits are good to have if one

 Can be used by managers to assess where they stand within their

Intelligence - Self-confidence – Determination - Integrity - Sociability

• Leadership traits are what distinguish leaders from non-leaders

• Five most popular traits: Intelligence - Self-confidence – Determination -

• There are tools to assess leadership traits such as personality tests

Leadership Trait Questionnaire

• The purpose of the instrument is to give you a way to assess

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