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Economy (7 Year PYQ Trend Analysis)
Economy (7 Year PYQ Trend Analysis)
03
Table of Content
SYLLABUS 04
SOURCES TO BE REFERRED TO 04
DISTRIBUTION OF THE PREVIOUS 7 YEARS’ QUESTIONS 05
QUESTION SOURCE-TYPE ANALYSIS 07
ANALYSIS OF SOURCES 08
DIFFICULTY LEVEL DISTRIBUTION 09
DIFFICULTY LEVEL ANALYSIS 09
OVERALL OBSERVATIONS 10
ADVICE FOR STUDENTS 11
MACROECONOMICS
EĂƟŽŶĂů/ŶĐŽŵĞĐĐŽƵŶƟŶŐ 12
DŽŶĞLJĂŶĚDŽŶĞLJ^ƵƉƉůLJ 16
DŽŶĞƚĂƌLJWŽůŝĐLJ 23
ĂŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŶŬŝŶŐZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ 30
WĂLJŵĞŶƚĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵ 46
/ŶŇĂƟŽŶĂŶĚZĞĐĞƐƐŝŽŶ 52
&ŝƐĐĂůWŽůŝĐLJĂŶĚ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƵĚŐĞƟŶŐ 58
džƚĞƌŶĂů^ĞĐƚŽƌ 77
&ŝŶĂŶĐŝĂůDĂƌŬĞƚ 104
INDIAN ECONOMY
>ĂŶĚZĞĨŽƌŵƐ 118
ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ 119
/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐ 140
/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ 143
ŶĞƌŐLJ^ĞĐƚŽƌ 146
WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ 150
ϭϵϵϭZĞĨŽƌŵƐ 152
WŽǀĞƌƚLJ 155
^ŬŝůůĐƋƵŝƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚ,ƵŵĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ 157
>ĂďŽƵƌĂŶĚŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ 161
^ŽĐŝĂů^ĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ 165
YƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝnjĂƟŽŶ 169
ŝŐŝƟnjĂƟŽŶ 171
MICROECONOMICS
KƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJŽƐƚ 174
>ĂǁŽĨĞŵĂŶĚĂŶĚ^ƵƉƉůLJ 175
2 QUESTIONS DROPPED BY THE UPSC 177
04
SYLLABUS
Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics,
Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
b¨ΑÞü½½êÞΑ«ÞΑ«ÄõÚ«½üΑÃÄæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄËæ«Ĉæ«ËÄΑæ¨æΑfT[ΑÚ½ÞÞΑõÚüΑüÚΑæΑæ¨Α£«ÄÄ«Ä£ΑË¢Α
æ¨Αü½Π
b¨Α Þü½½êÞΑ¢ËÚΑ ËÄËëÞΑö¨«¨Α «ÞΑ ÃÄæ«ËÄΑ ËõΑ ××ÚÞΑ ÚÞæÚ«æΠΑ +ÄΑ Ú½«æüΡΑæ¨ÞΑ ½ÞÞΑæ¨ÄΑ ͎͊Α
öËÚÞΑ¨«Αö«æ¨«ÄΑ£ÚæΑÃÄüΑæË׫ÞΠΑA«ÄΑæ¨ΑϏæΠϐΑ[æÚæ«Ä£Α¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑÄæêÚΑË¢ΑÃËÄüΡΑæËΑö¨æΑæ¨ΑÚ˽ÞΑË¢Α
æ¨ΑΑΑΑ«ąÚÄæΑ×½üÚÞΑ«ÄΑÄΑËÄËÃüΑÚΡΑæËΑ¨ËöΑÃê¨ΑË¢Αö¨æΑ«ÞΑ×ÚËêΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΡΑËÃΑêÄÚΑæ¨Α
Þü½½êÞΠΑ
SOURCES TO BE REFERRED TO
Π£ΠΑæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑËÄΑϏræÚΑÚ«æϐΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͋͊ΠΑΑ[ê¨Αæ¨ÃÞΑÚΑ½ÞÞÚαºÄËöÄΑÄΑ¨ÄΑÞê¨ΑÞËêÚÞΑ
λ¢ÚËÃΑö¨ÚΑæ¨Αæ¨ÃÞΑÚΑÞËêÚμΑ¨õΑÄΑ½ÞÞ«ĈΑÞΑêÄËÄõÄæ«ËĽΑËÚΑWÄËÃΑWÞËêÚÞΑ
λWWμ
05
1 Question
Law of Demand and Supply
TOTAL
1 Question
Opportunity Cost 135 Questions
2 Questions
Digitization Please Note:
2 Questions ͋ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑöÚΑÚË××ΑüΑfT[ΣΑËÄΑ
Quality and Standardization
«ÄΑ ͉͉͋͋Α ÄΑ æ¨Α Ëæ¨ÚΑ «ÄΑ ͉͋͋͋ΠΑ b¨Α ͋Α
3 Questions
Social Security
ÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ¨õΑÄΑû½êΑæËΑÚÚ«õΑ
æΑæ¨ΑæËæ½Π
4 Questions
Labour and Employment
3 Questions
Skill Acquisition and
Human Development
1 Question 3 Questions
Poverty National Income Accounting
2 Questions 6 Questions
1991 Reforms Money and Money Supply
1 Question 6 Questions
Planning Monetary Policy
3 Questions
Energy Sector 13 Questions
2 Questions Banking and Banking Regulations
Infrastructure
2 Questions
Industries
6 Questions
Payment Ecosystem
17 Questions 4 Questions
Agriculture Inflation and Recession
13 Questions
1 Question Fiscal Policy and
Land Reforms Government Budgeting
11 Questions
Financial Market
MACROECONOMICS
6 Questions
3 Questions Money and Money Supply
National Income Accounting
6 Questions
Monetary Policy
13 Questions
Banking and Banking
Regulations
28 Questions
External Sector
6 Questions
Payment Ecosystem
4 Questions
Inflation and Recession
MACROECONOMICS
13 Questions
Fiscal Policy and Government Budgeting
2 Questions 3 Questions
Digitization National Income Accounting
2 Questions
Quality and Standardization
3 Questions
Social Security
4 Questions
Labour and Employment 17 Questions
Agriculture
3 Questions
Skill Acquisition and
Human Development
1 Questions
Poverty
2 Questions
1991 Reforms
1 Questions
2 Questions
Planning
Industries
3 Questions 2 Questions
Energy Sector Infrastructure
INDIAN ECONOMY
07
1 Question 1 Question
Opportunity Cost Law of Demand and Supply
MICROECONOMICS
54 Questions
40 Questions Essential Newspaper
60 Essential Material
26 Questions
50 Reference Material
40
15 Questions
30 Random Resources
20
10
0
08
ANALYSIS OF SOURCES
b¨Α ËõΑ «õ«Þ«ËÄΑ «ÞΑ Þ½«£¨æ½üΑ «Ćê½æΑ æËΑ úΑ ÞΑ some questions have both static and dynamic
angles ÄΑ¨ÄΑÄÄËæΑΑÄÞöÚΑËĽüΑüΑÚ¢ÚÚ«Ä£ΑæËΑBWbΑË˺ÞΠΑ"ËÚΑûÃ×½ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑÚ½æΑ
æËΑûæÚĽΑÞæËÚΠ
Please note:Α"ËÚΑÃËÞæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΡΑö¨ÚΑÄöÞ××ÚΑ½«ÄºÞΑÚΑÞ¨ÚΡΑÄÞöÚÞΑÄΑ«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑ
Ëê½Α½ÞËΑΑ¢ËêÄΑ«ÄΑËÄËëΑ[êÚõüÞΡΑêæΑæ¨ΑÞÃΑËê½ΑÄËæΑΑ¢ËêÄΑæΑËÄΑ×½ΠΑb¨æΑ«æΑö¨ÚΑ
æ¨ΑÚ«Ä£ΑË¢ΑÄöÞ××ÚΑ«ÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΠ
ΑΑüÚαö«ÞΑĽüÞ«ÞΑ«ÞΑÞ¨ËöÄΑ½Ëö
2017:Αb¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑËÄΑV꽫æüΑËêÄ«½ΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑÄΑT(f
2018: b¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑËÄΑB[[HΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α[êÚõüΑÄΑæ¨Α«æÃÞΑËÄΑö¨«¨Α#[bΑ«ÞΑ××½«ΑλÄËæΑÞüμ
2019:ΑÃËÞæΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢æÞΑËê½ΑΑËæ«ÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑËÄõÄæ«ËĽΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞ
2020:Αb¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑϏÚ«Α×Ú«ϐΡΑϏ×꽫Α«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÄΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚϐΡΑϏÄËÄαĈÄÄ«½ΑæÞϐ
2021:Αb¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑËÄΑϏræÚΑÚ«æϐ
2022: b¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑËÄΑϏαËÃÃÚϐ
2023:Αb¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑËÄΑæ¨Α×ËÚæÞΑλ¨õ«Ä£ΑÄΑÄ£½ΑË¢ΑËÄËëΑ£Ë£ÚרüμΡΑ[͌«ΡΑϏÞ櫽«æüΑÄΑ£ÚËöæ¨Α
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Vikaspedia and Arthapedia are hidden gemsΑ ÄΑ ËÃ×ÄÞæΑ ¢ËÚΑ æ¨Α ëÞÞ«Ä£Α «Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α
BWbΑË˺ÞΠΑ(ËöõÚΡÚæ«ÄΑÄêÃÚ«½Α¢æÞΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑΑÚËÞÞα¨ºΑ«ÄΑÞΑæ¨ËÞΑÚΑ¢ËêÄΑæËΑΑ
Ë¢Α˽ÚΑæÞΠ
09
͉͋͊͑ ͉͋ ͑ 9 3
͉͋͊͒ ͋͌ ͑ 7 ͑
͉͉͋͋ ͉͋ ͑ ͑ 4
͉͋͋͊ ͎͊ 7 6 ͋
͉͋͋͋ ͍͊ ͎ 6 3
͉͋͋͌ ͊͑ ͑ 7 3
10
OVERALL OBSERVATIONS
õÚüΑüÚΡΑËÄΑÄΑõÚ£ΡΑ͊͑α͉͋ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑÚΑÞºΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑËÄËëÞΑÞæ«ËÄΠΑrΑ½ÞÞ«¢üΑ
ÞËÃΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑêÄÚΑêÚÚÄæΑą«ÚÞΑλ¨ÄΑæ¨ΑÄêÃÚΑ××ÚÞΑÞ½«£¨æ½üΑ½ËöμΠ
60 percent of the questions asked in the 7 YEARS (2017-2023) have been from the Macro-
economics sectionsΑ λ£Ë«Ä£Α üΑ æ¨Α BWbΑ ½ÞÞ«Ĉæ«ËÄμΑ ËÃ×Ú«Þ«Ä£Α æ¨Α ûæÚĽΑ [æËÚΡΑ
AËÄüΑ[ê××½üΑÄΑ ĺ«Ä£ΑÞæ«ËÄÞΠΑ
Úæ«ÄΑæ¨ÃÞΑ¨õΑÄΑ¨«£¨½üΑÚêÚÚ«Ä£Α½«ºΑTüÃÄæΑËÞüÞæÃÞΑλËÚΑ«£«æ½Α"«ÄÄμΠΑ+ÄΑ
͉͋͊͐ΡΑ ͋Α ÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ öÚΑ ÞºΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ æ¨æΑ Þæ«ËÄΡΑ ͌Α öÚΑ ÞºΑ «ÄΑ ͉͋͊͑Α ÄΑ ͊Α «ÄΑ ͉͋͊͒ΠΑ b¨Α
ÚÞËÄΑöÞΑ½ÚΡΑæ¨Αdemonetisation-led growth in the sector of Digital Finance made it a
×Ë×ê½ÚΑæ¨ÃΠ
b¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ+Ä«ÄΑËÄËÃüΑλ£Ë«Ä£ΑüΑæ¨ΑBWbΑ½ÞÞ«Ĉæ«ËÄμΑ¨õΑÄΑÙê½½üΑ
ÚÞËĽΑ«ÄΑÄêÃÚΠΑSo far, Indian Agriculture has been the dominating section. ͉͋͋͊Α
ÄΑ͉͋͋͋Α¨õΑÄΑÚÚæ«ËÄÞΑæ¨Ë꣨ΑÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ËÞΑæöËΑüÚÞΑæ¨ÚΑöÚΑÄËΑËÄËëÞΑÙêÞα
æ«ËÄÞΑÞΑËÄΑ+Ä«ÄΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚΠ
b¨ÚΑ½ÞËΑ¨õΑÄΑÚ×æ«æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑö«æ¨ËêæΑÄüΑ«ËæΑË¢Α¨Ä£ΠΑ+ÄΑ͉͋͊͒ΑÄΑ͉͋͋͊ΡΑ
æ¨ΑÞÃΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑöÞΑÞºΠ
A«ÚËËÄËëÞΑÞæ«ËÄΑ¨ÞΑÄΑ«£ÄËÚΡΑêæΑæ¨æΑËÞΑÄËæΑÃÄΡΑfT[Α¨ÞΑÄËÄΑ«æΑ
¢ËÚõÚΠΑ+ÄΑæ¨Α͐ΑüÚÞΡΑËĽüΑ͋ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ¨õΑ¢æêÚΠ
fT[Α «ÞΑ ½ÞËΑ £Ë«Ä£Α üËÄΑ æ¨Α ËÄõÄæ«ËĽΑ ËëÄΠΑ Α ¢öΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ Accountancy
¨õΑ½ÞËΑ¢æêÚΣΑΠ£ΠΑÚ½æΑæËΑ׫æ½έÚõÄêΑË¢ΑĈÚÃÞΡΑÄ ‘cyber insurance.’
æöÄΑ ͉͋͊͐Α ÄΑ ͉͋͋͌ΡΑ ÞËΑ¢ÚΑ ͋Α ÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ ËÄËëÞΑ ¨õΑ ÄΑ ÚË××ΠΑb¨ΑĈÚÞæΑ
ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑöÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ͉͉͋͋ΑλÞΑËÄΑæ¨Α+ÄæÚÄæ«ËĽΑbÚΑË¢Α+Ä«μΑÄΑæ¨ΑÞËÄΑËÄΑöÞΑ
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11
fÄËêæ½üΡΑËÄËëÞΑ«ÞΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÃËÞæΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑÞê¶æÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑΑfT[Α[Α
TÚ½«ÃÞΑ×Ë«ÄæΑË¢Αõ«öΠ
+æΑÚÙê«ÚÞΑΑæ¨ËÚË꣨Α×Ú×Úæ«ËÄΠΑÞΑæ¨ΑÚÄ£ΑË¢Αæ¨ÃÞΑËõÚΑ«ÞΑõÚüΑö«ΑÄΑ
«õÚÞΡΑ ÞæêÄæÞΑ ÚΑ õ«ÞΑ æËΑ ÄËæΑ £æΑ ËõÚö¨½ÃΑ ÄΑ ½öüÞΑ æºΑ ÞæüΑ
üαÞæ×ÞΠΑ
½öüÞΑÞæÚæΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑBWbΑË˺ÞΑλ½ÞÞΑ͊͊ΑÄΑ͊͋μΠΑ+¢ΑËÄΑöÄæÞΑæËΑÞæÚæΑ¢ÚËÃΑÄΑ
õÄΑÃËÚΑÞ«Α½õ½ΡΑæ¨ÄΑ½ÞÞΑ͒ΑË˺ÞΑÚΑΑ£ËËΑË×æ«ËÄΠ
#Úê½½üΑÄöÞ××ÚΑÚ«Ä£ΑÄΑΑÞæÚæΠΑHĽüΑÞ¢æÚΑÚõ«Þ«Ä£ΑÄΑêÄÚÞæÄ«Ä£Α
æ¨ΑÞ«ΑËÄ×æÞΑË¢ΑÃÚËËÄËëÞΡΑËÄΑÄΑËÃ×Ú¨ÄΑæ¨ΑæÚ¶æËÚüΑË¢Αæ¨Α
+Ä«ÄΑËÄËÃüΠ
bÚüΑæËΑÞ櫺ΑæËΑËÄΑÞæÄÚΑÄöÞ××ÚΑλæ¨Α¨Ë«Α«ÞΑüËêÚÞμ
½öüÞΑÚΑæ¨ΑfÄ«ËÄΑ ê£æΑæÚÄÞÚ«×æΑÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËëΑ[êÚõüΑÚ½ÞΑæ¨æΑüÚΠ
ÄΑÃËÞæΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæ½üΑÞê××½ÃÄæΑüËêÚΑ×Ú×Úæ«ËÄΑüΑ溫ģΑÚ£ê½ÚΑÃ˺ΑæÞæÞΠ
MACROECONOMICS
NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING
(3 Questions)
Q1. Increase in absolute and per capital real GNP do NOT connote a higher level of economic
development, if
λμΑ«ÄêÞæÚ«½ΑËêæ×êæΑ¢«½ÞΑæËΑº×Α×Αö«æ¨Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½ΑËêæ×êæΠΑ
λμΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½ΑËêæ×êæΑ¢«½ÞΑæËΑº×Α×Αö«æ¨Α«ÄêÞæÚ«½ΑËêæ×êæΠΑ
λμΑ×ËõÚæüΑÄΑêÄÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑ«ÄÚÞΠΑ
λμΑ«Ã×ËÚæÞΑ£ÚËöΑ¢ÞæÚΑæ¨ÄΑû×ËÚæÞΠ
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
An essential aspect of development is to enable the maximum number to experience the fruits of
development. ËÄ×æÞΑË¢Α×ÚΑ׫æΑ«ÄËÃΑλ×ÚΑ׫æΑ#TΑËÚΑ×ÚΑ׫æΑB[TμΑÚΑÄËæΑ½ΑæËΑ×æêÚΑ
樫ÞΑ Þ×æΑ Ë¢Α õ½Ë×ÃÄæΠΑb¨ÚΑ ÃüΑ Α Α ÞΑö¨Ú«ÄΑ «ÄÚÞΑ «ÄΑ Þ˽êæΑ ÄΑ ×ÚΑ ׫æΑ #BTΑ «ÞΑ
Úĉæ«õΑË¢Α£ÚËöæ¨Α«ÄΑ«ÄËÃΑË¢ΑΑÞý½ΑÞæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÞË«æüΑÄΑæ¨æΑöËÚ«æüΑË¢Αæ¨Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ×ËõÚæüΑ
ÞæÚ«ºÄΑÄΑêÄÃ×½ËüΠΑAê½æ«Α«ÃÄÞ«ËĽΑÄËÄαÃËÄæÚüΑÞË«½Α«Ä«æËÚÞΑ(like poverty or prosperity
and employment or unemployment)Α ÚΑ ææÚΑ ÚĉæËÚÞΑ Ë¢Α ËõÚ½½Α ËÄËëΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α
ÞË«æüΠΑHence option (c) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
ÄΑæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑËÄËëΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑλBWbΑ½ÞÞΑ͊͊μΠΑb¨Α
(êÃÄΑ#Ë£ÚרüΑλBWbΑ½ÞÞΑ͊͋μΑ½ÞËΑ«ąÚÄæ«æÞΑö½½Α
æöÄΑϏõ˽×ÃÄæϐΑÄΑϏ#ÚËöæ¨ϐ
13
SOURCE : Indian Economic Development (NCERT Class 11), Human Geography (NCERT Class 12)
Additional Information
Gross National Product (GNP)Α«ÞΑΑÃÞêÚΑË¢Αæ¨ΑæËæ½ΑËÄËëΑËêæ×êæΑ×ÚËêΑüΑæ¨Α
ÚÞ«ÄæÞΑË¢ΑΑËêÄæÚüΡΑËæ¨Αö«æ¨«ÄΑ«æÞΑËÚÚÞΑÄΑÚËΡΑêÚ«Ä£ΑΑÞ׫ĈΑæ«ÃΑ×Ú«ËΠ
Gross Domestic Product: +æΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÃËÄæÚüΑõ½êΑË¢Α½½ΑĈĽΑ£ËËÞΑϞΑÞÚõ«ÞΑ×ÚËêΑ
«ÄÞ«Αæ¨ΑËÃÞæ«ΑæÚÚ«æËÚüΑË¢ΑΑËêÄæÚüΑêÚ«Ä£ΑËÄΑĈÄÄ«½ΑüÚΑËÚΑΑÙêÚæÚΠ
Net Domestic Product (NDP) «ÞΑÄΑÄÄê½ΑÃÞêÚΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÄËëΑËêæ×êæΑË¢ΑΑÄæ«ËÄΑ
æ¨æΑ«ÞΑ¶êÞæΑæËΑËêÄæΑ¢ËÚΑ×Ú«æ«ËÄΡΑ½ê½æΑüΑÞêæÚæ«Ä£Α×Ú«æ«ËÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α£ÚËÞÞΑËÃÞα
æ«Α×ÚËêæΑλ#TμΠΑBTϽΑ#Tα×Ú«æ«ËÄ
Net National Product at Market Price (NNP)Α«ÞΑæ¨ΑæËæ½ΑÃËÄüΑõ½êΑË¢Α½½Αæ¨ΑĈĽΑ£ËËÞΑÄΑÞÚõ«ÞΑ
û½ê«Ä£Α×Ú«æ«ËÄΡΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃ×æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑĈûΑ׫æ½ΠΑb¨êÞΑBBTΑϽΑ#BTΑγΑ×Ú«æ«ËÄ
National income = BæΑBæ«ËĽΑTÚËêæΑæΑ¢æËÚΑËÞæΑϽΑBæΑBæ«ËĽΑTÚËêæΑæΑÃÚºæΑ×Ú«ΑγΑ+Ä«ÚæΑ
æûÞΑϹΑ[êÞ««ÞΠ
V͋ΠΑÞ׫æΑ«Ä£ΑΑ¨«£¨ΑÞõ«Ä£ΑËÄËÃüΡΑ׫æ½Α¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑÃüΑÄËæΑÚÞê½æΑ«ÄΑÞ«£Ä«ĈÄæΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑ
output due to
λμΑöºΑëīÞæÚæ«õΑè«ÄÚüΑ
λμΑ«½½«æÚüΑ
λμΑ¨«£¨Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑÄÞ«æü
ΑλμΑ¨«£¨Α׫æ½αËêæ×êæΑÚæ«Ë
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
׫æ½Α¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑÃÄÞΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞæ˺ΑË¢ΑÚ½Α׫æ½Α«ÄΑΑËêÄæÚüΠΑ+ÄΑËæ¨ÚΑöËÚÞΡΑ׫æ½Α¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑ
«Äõ˽õÞΑú«Ä£ΑË¢ΑÃËÚΑ׫æ½Α£ËËÞΑÞê¨ΑÞΑè«ÄÞΡΑæË˽ÞΡΑ¢æËÚ«ÞΡΑæÚÄÞ×ËÚæΑÙê«×ÃÄæΡΑÃæÚ«½ÞΡΑ
½æÚ««æüΡΑæΠΡΑö¨«¨ΑÚΑ½½ΑêÞΑ¢ËÚΑ¢êæêÚΑ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑË¢Α£ËËÞΠΑ"ËÚΑú«Ä£Α«æ«ËÄÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑÞæ˺ΑË¢Α
׫æ½ΡΑ Þõ«Ä£Α ÄΑ «ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ ÚΑ ÞÞÄ櫽ΠΑ ׫æ½Α Ëêæ×êæΑ Úæ«ËΑ «ÞΑ æ¨Α ÃËêÄæΑ Ë¢Α ׫æ½Α ÄΑ æËΑ
×ÚËêΑËÄΑêÄ«æΑË¢ΑËêæ×êæΠΑ
"ËÚΑ ûÃ×½ΡΑ Þê××ËÞΑæ¨æΑ «ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ «ÄΑ ÄΑ ËÄËÃüΡΑ «ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ «ÞΑ ͌͋АΑ λË¢Α #TμΡΑ ÄΑæ¨Α ËÄËëΑ
£ÚËöæ¨ΑËÚÚÞ×ËÄ«Ä£ΑæËΑ樫ÞΑ½õ½ΑË¢Α«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÞΑ͑АΠΑ(ÚΡΑΑWÞΑ͌͋Α«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ×ÚËêÞΑÄΑËêæ×êæΑË¢Α
WÞΑ͑ΠΑ׫æ½ΑËêæ×êæΑÚæ«ËΑ«ÞΑ͌͋έ͑ΑËÚΑ͍ΠΑ+ÄΑËæ¨ÚΑöËÚÞΡΑæËΑ×ÚËêΑËÄΑêÄ«æΑË¢ΑËêæ×êæΡΑ͍ΑêÄ«æΑË¢Α׫æ½Α«ÞΑ
ÄΠΑ (ÄΡΑ «¢Α æ¨Α ׫æ½αËêæ×êæΑ Úæ«ËΑ «ÞΑ ¨«£¨ΡΑ æ¨ÚΑ ö«½½Α ÄËæΑ Α Þ«£Ä«ĈÄæΑ «ÄÚÞΑ «ÄΑ Ëêæ×êæΑ
despite high savings and investment.
14
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Scope for Elimination: H¢Α½½Αæ¨Α¢ËêÚΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΡ only option (d) as a proper mathematical
relationship with capital formation. b¨ΑËæ¨ÚΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑÃüΑ¨õΑÄΑąæΡΑêæΑæ¨ΑÞÃΑÄÄËæΑΑÙêÄα
æ«ĈΑÞæ«Þ¢æËÚ«½üΡΑö¨ÚÞΑ׫æ½αËêæ×êæΑÚæ«ËÄΑÄΑΑû×ÚÞÞΑÃæ¨Ã櫽½üΑÞΑ׫æ½έHêæ×êæΠΑ+¢Α
¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑÞÃΑ׫æ½ΑλÄêÃÚæËÚμΡΑËêæ×êæΑλÄËëÄæËÚμΑ«ÞΑ¨«£¨ÚΡΑæ¨ÄΑ׫æ½αËêæ×êæΑö«½½ΑΑ½ËöΠΑb¨êÞΡΑΑ
½ËöΑ׫æ½αËêæ×êæΑÚæ«ËΑ«ÞΑÞ«Ú½Π
Please Note:
õÄΑ æ¨Ë꣨Α Α Þ«Α ËÄ×æΡΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ ÄËæΑ «Úæ½üΑ ËõÚΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α BWbΑ AÚËËÄËëÞΑ Ë˺Α
λ½ÞÞΑ͊͋μΡΑæ¨ΑËÄ×æΑ«ÞΑû×½«ÄΑ«ÄΑΑ¨×æÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑBWbΑ êÞ«ÄÞÞΑ[æê«ÞΑË˺Αλ½ÞÞΑ͊͋μΠΑ+¢Α
æ«ÃΑ ×ÚëæÞΑõÚüΑ Þ½æΑ ×ËÚæ«ËÄÞΑ Ë¢Αæ¨Α BWbΑ ½ÞÞΑ ͊͋Α êÞ«ÄÞÞΑ [æê«ÞΑ ¨×æÚÞΑ ÄΑ Α
ÚΠΑE.g. Chapter 13 of the Class 12 Business StudiesΑû×½«ÄÞΑæ¨ΑËÄ×æΑË¢Α׫æ½ΑHêæ×êæΑ
Wæ«ËΑÄΑ+HWΑλ+ÄÚÃÄæ½Α׫æ½ΑHêæ×êæΑWæ«Ëμ
Additional Information
Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) «ÞΑ Α ÃæÚ«Α æ¨æΑ ÞÞÞÞÞΑ æ¨Α ÃÚ£«Ä½Α
ÃËêÄæΑË¢Α«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ׫æ½ΑÄÞÞÚüΑ¢ËÚΑΑËêÄæÚüΑËÚΑËæ¨ÚΑÄæ«æüΑæËΑ£ÄÚæΑæ¨Α
ÄûæΑêÄ«æΑË¢Α×ÚËêæ«ËÄΠΑ
Α½ËöÚΑ+HWΑ«ÞΑ×Ú¢ÚÚΑÞΑ«æΑ«Ä«æÞΑΑËêÄæÚüϖÞΑ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑÃËÚΑĆ«ÄæΠΑHõÚ½½ΡΑ
Α¨«£¨ÚΑ+HWΑõ½êΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑ×Ú¢ÚÚΑêÞΑ«æΑ«Ä«æÞΑæ¨æΑæ¨ΑÄæ«æüϖÞΑ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ
«ÄĆ«ÄæΠΑ b¨Α ÃÞêÚΑ «ÞΑ êÞΑ ×ÚËëÄÄæ½üΑ «ÄΑ æÚëīģΑ Α ËêÄæÚüϖÞΑ ½õ½Α Ë¢Α
×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑĆ«ÄüΠ
Q3. Which of the following activities constitute real sector in the economy?
͊ΠΑ"ÚÃÚÞΑ¨ÚõÞæ«Ä£Α樫ÚΑÚË×Þ
͋ΠΑbû櫽Αë½½ÞΑËÄõÚæ«Ä£ΑÚöΑËææËÄΑ«ÄæËΑ¢Ú«Þ
͌ΠΑΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺΑ½Ä«Ä£ΑÃËÄüΑæËΑΑæÚ«Ä£ΑËÃ×Äü
͍ΠΑΑËÚ×ËÚæΑËüΑ«ÞÞê«Ä£ΑWê×ΑÄËëÄæΑ ËÄÞΑËõÚÞÞ
[½æΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΑêÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑËΑ£«õÄΑ½Ëö
λμΑ͊ΑÄΑ͋ΑËĽü
λμΑ͋ΡΑ͌ΑÄΑ͍ΑËĽü
λμΑ͊ΡΑ͌ΑÄΑ͍ΑËĽü
λμΑ͊ΡΑ͋ΡΑ͌ΑÄΑ͍
ANSWERS A
15
EXPLANATION
b¨ΑÚ½ΑÞæËÚΑË¢ΑÄΑËÄËÃüΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑºüΑÞæ«ËÄΑÞΑæ«õ«æ«ÞΑË¢Α樫ÞΑÞæËÚΑ×ÚÞêΑËÄËëΑËêæ×êæΑÄΑ
«ÞΑÚ×ÚÞÄæΑüΑæ¨ËÞΑËÄËëΑÞ£ÃÄæÞΑæ¨æΑÚΑÞÞÄ櫽Α¢ËÚΑæ¨Α×ÚË£ÚÞÞΑË¢Α#TΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑ
"ËÚΑ «ÄÞæÄΡΑ¢ÚÃÚÞΑ ¨ÚõÚÞæ«Ä£Α樫ÚΑ ÚË×ÞΑ ËÚΑæû櫽Α ë½½ÞΑ ËÄõÚæ«Ä£Α ÚöΑ ËææËÄΑ «ÄæËΑ¢Ú«ÞΑ ÄÞêÚΑ
«ÄÚÞΑË¢ΑËÄËëΑËêæ×êæΑÄΑ«ÄΑæêÚÄΑ×ÚË£ÚÞÞΑË¢Α#TΠΑb¨ΑÞæËÚΑ«ÞΑÚ꫽Α¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑÞêÞæ«Ä«½«æüΑË¢Αæ¨Α
ËÄËÃüΑêÞΑË¢Α«æÞΑ×ÚËêæ«õΑ׫½«æüΑæËΑÃæΑÄæ«ËÄÞϐΑ££Ú£æΑÃÄΠ Hence options 1 and
2 are correct.
HÄΑ Ëæ¨ÚΑ ¨ÄΡΑæ¨ΑĈÄÄ«½Α ÞæËÚΑ «ÞΑ Α Þæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Αæ¨Α ËÄËÃüΑ ÃΑ ê×Α Ë¢ΑĈÚÃÞΑ ÄΑ «ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑæ¨æΑ
×ÚËõ«Α ĈÄÄ«½Α ÞÚõ«ÞΑ æËΑ ËÃÃÚ«½Α ÄΑ Ú櫽Α êÞæËÃÚÞΠΑ b¨Α ĈÄÄ«½Α ÞæËÚΑ £ÄÚæÞΑ Α £ËËΑ
×ËÚæ«ËÄΑË¢Α«æÞΑÚõÄêΑ¢ÚËÃΑ½ËÄÞΑÄΑÃËÚ棣ÞΠΑb¨«ÞΑÞæËÚΑËÃ×Ú«ÞÞΑΑÚËΑÚÄ£ΑË¢Α«ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΑ«Ä½êα
«Ä£ΑĺÞΡΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΡΑ«ÄÞêÚÄΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΡΑÄΑÚ½ΑÞææΑĈÚÃÞΠΑb¨êÞΡΑΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺΑ
½Ä«Ä£Α ÃËÄüΑ æËΑ Α æÚ«Ä£Α ËÃ×ÄüΑ ËÚΑ Α ËÚ×ËÚæΑ ËüΑ «ÞÞê«Ä£Α Úê×Α ÄËëÄæΑ ËÄÞΑ ËõÚÞÞΑ
ËÄÞæ«æêæΑ ĈÄÄ«½Α ÞæËÚΑ æ«õ«æ«ÞΑ ÄΑ ÄËæΑ Ú½Α ÞæËÚΑ æ«õ«æ«ÞΠΑ Hence options 3 and 4 are not
correct.
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ«ÄõÞæË׫ΠËÃέæÚÃÞέ¢έĈÄÄ«½εÞæËÚΠÞ×
https://www.imf.org/external/region/tlm/rr/pdf/Jan1.pdf
16
Q1. Which one of the following statements correctly describes the meaning of legal tender money?
(a) The money which is tendered in courts of law to defray the fee of legal cases
(b) The money which a creditor is under compulsion to accept in settlement of his claims
(c) The bank money in the form of cheques, drafts, bills of exchange etc.
(d) The metallic money in circulation in a country
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
;£½ΑæÄÚΑ«ÞΑÄüΑËĆ«½ΑëêÃΑË¢Α×üÃÄæΑÚˣīāΑüΑ½öΑæ¨æΑÄΑΑêÞΑæËΑûæ«Ä£ê«Þ¨ΑΑ×꽫Α
ËÚΑ×Ú«õæΑæΡΑËÚΑÃæΑΑĈÄÄ«½Α˽«£æ«ËÄΠΑΑÚ«æËÚΑ«ÞΑ˽«£æΑæËΑ×æΑ½£½ΑæÄÚΑæËöÚΑÚ×üα
ÃÄæΑË¢ΑΑæΠΑ;£½ΑæÄÚΑÄΑËĽüΑΑ«ÞÞêΑüΑæ¨ΑÄæ«ËĽΑËüΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑêæ¨ËÚ«āΑæËΑËΑÞËΠΑLegal
tenders cannot be refused by any citizen of the country for settlement of any kind of transaction.
¨ÙêÞΑ ÚöÄΑ ËÄΑ Þõ«Ä£ÞΑ ËÚΑ êÚÚÄæΑ ËêÄæÞΡΑ ¨ËöõÚΡΑ ÄΑ Α Ú¢êÞΑ üΑ ÄüËÄΑ ÞΑ Α ÃËΑ Ë¢Α
×üÃÄæΠΑ(ÄΡΑÃÄΑ×ËÞ«æÞΑÚΑÄËæΑ½£½ΑæÄÚÞΠ Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑBWb
17
Year
Year2019
2019 MONEY MULTIPLIER
Q2. The money multiplier in an economy increases with which one of the following?
λμΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞ¨ΑÚÞÚõΑÚæ«Ë
λμΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Αĺ«Ä£Α¨«æΑË¢Αæ¨Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄ
λμΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞææêæËÚüΑ½«Ùê««æüΑÚæ«Ë
λμΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËêÄæÚü
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
C
AËÄüΑAê½æ«×½«ÚΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÚæ«ËΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞæ˺ΑË¢ΑÃËÄüΑæËΑæ¨ΑÞæ˺ΑË¢Α¨«£¨Α×ËöÚΑÃËÄüΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÚ½æ«ËÄÞ¨«×Α
æöÄΑæ¨ΑÃËÄæÚüΑÞΑÄΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑË¢ΑÄΑËÄËÃüΠΑ+æΑû×½«ÄÞΑæ¨Α«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÃËêÄæΑË¢Α
Þ¨Α«ÄΑ«Úê½æ«ËÄΑ£ÄÚæΑüΑæ¨ΑĺÞϖΑ«½«æüΑæËΑ½ÄΑÃËÄüΑËêæΑË¢Α樫ÚΑ×ËÞ«æËÚÞϖΑ¢êÄÞΠΑb¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑ«æΑ
Ú¢ÚÞΑæËΑ¨ËöΑÄΑ«Ä«æ«½Α×ËÞ«æΑÄΑ½ΑæËΑΑ«££ÚΑĈĽΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑæËæ½ΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΠ
"ËÚΑûÃ×½ΡΑ«¢Αæ¨ΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺÞΑ£«ÄΑ×ËÞ«æÞΑË¢ΑWÞ͊Α;º¨ΑÄΑ樫ÞΑ½ÞΑæËΑΑĈĽΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑË¢ΑWÞΑ
͉͊Α½º¨ΠΑb¨ΑÃËÄüΑÃê½æ«×½«ÚΑ«ÞΑ͉͊ΠΑb¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑĺ«Ä£Α¨«æΑË¢Αæ¨Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑöËê½Α½ΑæËΑ
ÃËÚΑ×ËÞ«æÞΑÄΑ¨ÄΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑAËÄüΑAê½æ«×½«ÚΠΑHence (b) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
+æΑ«ÞΑΑÚêÚÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ÃΑÄΑ樫ÞΑ«ÞΑΑÞ«ΑËÄ×æΑÞæê«Α«ÄΑÃÚËËÄËëÞΑÄΑÄüËÄΑ××Ú«Ä£Α¢ËÚΑ
ûÃÞΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑΑËõÚ«Ä£Α樫ÞΑæË׫Π
+ÄÚÞ«Ä£ΑWWΑÄΑ[;WΑö«½½ΑËõ«ËêÞ½üΑÚêΑæ¨ΑÃËÄüΑĉËöΑÄΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑ¨ÞΑÄËΑ«Ã×æΑËÄΑ
æ¨ΑÃËÄüΑÃê½æ«×½«ÚΠ By this we can eliminate three options (a,c,d).
ûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑBWb
b¨ΑËõΑÞÚ«×æ«ËÄΑ¨ÞΑÄΑæºÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑÄΑÚ櫽Α¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑΑb«ÃÞΑË¢Α+Ä«
[ËêÚΑ¨ææ×Þέέæ«ÃÞËĈÄ«Π«Ä«æ«ÃÞΠËÃέ½Ë£Þέæ¨αÃÚËα¢«Úέö¨æαÚ«õÞαÄαËÄËÃüαÃËÄüέ
Year
Year2020
2020 MONEY SUPPLY
Q3. If you withdraw Rs. 1,00,000 in cash from your Demand Deposit Account at your bank, the
«ÃëæΑąæΑËÄΑ££Ú£æΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑö«½½ΑΑ
λμΑæËΑÚêΑ«æΑüΑWÞΠΑ͊Ρ͉͉Ρ͉͉͉Α
λμΑæËΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«æΑüΑWÞΠΑ͊Ρ͉͉Ρ͉͉͉Α
λμΑæËΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«æΑüΑÃËÚΑæ¨ÄΑWÞΠΑ͊Ρ͉͉Ρ͉͉͉Α
λμΑæËΑ½õΑ«æΑêĨģ
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
b¨ÚΑÚΑ͍ΑËÄ×æÞΑË¢ΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑA͊ΡΑA͋ΡΑA͌ΑÄΑA͍Α
A͊ΑϽΑΑϹΑΑϹΑHΑ
C Is the currency held by the public. (Public money means that money which is held by everybody other than the
government and the banks. It includes companies, general organisations, households. It does not include inter-bank
or government deposits in banks)
DD means net demand deposits with banks. ‘Net’ here indicates the deposits of only the public in banks.
OD means other deposits. These are the deposits with the RBI, held by certain individuals and institutions • Individu-
als - like the former governors of the RBI • institutions- like IMF deposits
A͌ΑϽΑA͊ΑϹΑbΑϽΑΑϹΑΑϹΑHΑϹΑbΑλ ÚËΑÃËÄüμΑϖbϖΑÃÄÞΑæ«ÃΑ×ËÞ«æÞΑ
A͌ΑÞ¨ËöÞΑæ¨ΑæËæ½Α×êÚ¨Þ«Ä£Α×ËöÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑTherefore, when we say money supply in general,
it means M3.
[ËΡΑÄËÚý½üΡΑ«ÄΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΑæΠΑö¨ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑ«ÞΑêÞΡΑ«æΑÃÄÞΑA͌Αλ[ËÃæ«ÃÞΡΑA͊Α«ÞΑ½ÞËΑ
êÞΑαΑÃÄ«Ä£Α͉͉͊АΑ½«Ùê«ΑÃËÄüΑαΑêæΑËõÚ½½ΑTTΑ«ÞΑÞ¨ËöÄΑüΑA͌μΑ
BËöΡΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α£«õÄΑÞΡΑö¨«½Αæ¨ΑϖϖΑËÃ×ËÄÄæΑö«½½Α¢½½ΑüΑWÞΠΑ͊Ρ͉͉Ρ͉͉͉ΡΑæ¨ΑϖϖΑËÃ×ËÄÄæΑö«½½Α«ÄÚÞΑ
üΑWÞΠΑ͊Ρ͉͉Ρ͉͉͉ΡΑæ¨ÚüΡΑ½õ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑêĨģΠΑHence option (d) is the correct answer.
19
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Scope for elimination
½æ¨Ë꣨Αæ¨ÚΑ «ÞΑ ÄËΑ «ÚæΑ ÞË×Α¢ËÚΑ ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄΡΑ «¢ΑöΑ ÄΑæËΑ ºÄËöΑæ¨æΑ溫ģΑ ÃËÄüΑ¢ÚËÃΑ ÃÄΑ
×ËÞ«æΑ ËêÄæΑ λ¢ËÚΑ ûÃ×½Α γΑ Þõ«Ä£ÞΑ ËêÄæμΑö«½½Α ÄËæΑ ÚÞΑæ¨Α ÃËÄüΑ ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α ££Ú£æΑ ÃËÄüΑ
Þê××½üΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑÞΑ«æΑ¨ÞΑËĽüΑ¨Ä£Α¨ÄÞΑλ¢ÚËÃΑº×«Ä£Α«æΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑĺΑæËΑæ¨Α×ËÞ«æËÚμΡΑæ¨Α
ÃËÄüΑ«ÞΑÞ櫽½Αæ¨ÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑλ«ÃëæΑąæμΠΑ(ÄΡΑΑ£ÄÚ½Α«ΑËê½Α¨õΑ¨½×ΑæËËΑæËΑ
ÄÞöÚΑ樫ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΠΑ
r¨«¨ΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑąæÞΑË¢ΑÚæ«ËÄΑË¢Α½ºΑÃËÄüΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«Α¨ÞΑÄΑæ¨ΑëÄΑêÞΑË¢Α
worry to the Government of India?
λμΑ«õÚÞ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÚÞËêÚÞΑæËΑæ¨Α×êÚ¨ÞΑË¢ΑÚ½ΑÞææΑÄΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÄΑ½êûêÚüΑ¨ËêÞ«Ä£Α
λμΑ+ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÄΑêÄ×ÚËêæ«õΑæ«õ«æ«ÞΑÄΑ×êÚ¨ÞΑË¢Α×Úõ«ËêÞΑÞæËÄÞΡΑ¶ö½½ÚüΡΑ£Ë½ΡΑæΠΑ
λμΑ;Ú£ΑËÄæ«ËÄÞΑæËΑ×˽«æ«½Α×Úæ«ÞΑÄΑ£ÚËöæ¨ΑË¢ΑÚ£«ËĽ«ÞÃΑ
λμΑ;ËÞÞΑË¢ΑÚõÄêΑæËΑæ¨Α[ææΑû¨ÙêÚΑêΑæËΑæûΑõÞ«ËÄ
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
b¨ÚΑ«ÞΑÄËΑËĆ«½ΑĈÄ«æ«ËÄΑË¢Α½ºΑÃËÄüΑ«ÄΑËÄËëΑæ¨ËÚüΡΑö«æ¨ΑÞõÚ½Α«ąÚÄæΑæÚÃÞΑÞê¨ΑÞΑ×Ú½α
½½ΑËÄËÃüΡΑ½ºΑÃËÄüΡΑ½ºΑ«ÄËÃÞΡΑêÄËêÄæΑËÄËÃüΡΑ«½½£½ΑËÄËÃüΑÄΑ«ÚÚ£ê½ÚΑËÄËÃüΑ
½½Α«Ä£ΑêÞΑÃËÚΑËÚΑ½ÞÞΑÞüÄËÄüÃËêÞ½üΠΑb¨ΑÞ«Ã×½ÞæΑĈÄ«æ«ËÄΑË¢Α½ºΑÃËÄüΑËê½Α×ËÞÞ«½üΑΑÃËÄüΑ
æ¨æΑ«ÞΑ¨«ÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑæûΑêæ¨ËÚ«æ«ÞΠΑb¨æΑ«ÞΡΑ½ºΑÃËÄüΑÄΑËÃΑ¢ÚËÃΑæöËΑÚËΑæ£ËÚ«ÞΑ«½½£½Αæ«õ«α
æüΑÄΑ½£½ΑêæΑêÄÚ×ËÚæΑæ«õ«æüΠΑb¨ΑĈÚÞæΑæ£ËÚüΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÃËÚΑËõ«ËêÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑæöËΠΑAËÄüΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑÚÄΑ
æ¨ÚË꣨Α«½½£½Αæ«õ«æüΑ«ÞΑËõ«ËêÞ½üΑÄËæΑÚ×ËÚæΑæËΑæ¨ΑæûΑêæ¨ËÚ«æ«ÞΡΑÄΑÞËΑ«ÞΑ½ºΠΑb¨ΑÞËÄΑæ£Ëα
ÚüΑËÃ×Ú«ÞÞΑ«ÄËÃΑ¢ÚËÃΑ½£½Αæ«õ«æüΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑÚ×ËÚæΑæËΑæ¨ΑæûΑêæ¨ËÚ«æ«ÞΠΑ
"ËÚΑûÃ×½ΡΑ½æΑêÞΑÞÞêÃΑæ¨æΑΑ׫ΑË¢Α½ÄΑ«ÞΑÞ˽ΡΑö«æ¨Αæ¨Α×üÃÄæΑÃΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×ÚË×ËÚæ«ËÄΑË¢Α͏͉АΑüΑ
¨ÙêΑËÚΑ½æÚËÄ«ΑæÚÄÞ¢ÚΡΑÄΑ͍͉АΑ«ÄΑÞ¨ΠΑ+¢Αæ¨æΑ͍͉АΑÞ¨ΑËÃ×ËÄÄæΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑÚ×ËÚæΑæËΑæ¨Α+ÄËÃΑ
bûΑ×ÚæÃÄæΡΑæ¨ÄΑ«æΑ«ÞΑ½ºΑÃËÄüΠΑΑ½Ú£ΑÄêÃÚΑË¢ΑÞý½ΑÞ¨Ë×ÞΑÚËêÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΑ½ÃËÞæΑû½êα
Þ«õ½üΑËΑêÞ«ÄÞÞΑ«ÄΑÞ¨Αö«æ¨ËêæΑÚ«×æÞΠΑ½½ΑË¢Α樫ÞΑËê½Α×ËæÄ櫽½üΑΑ½ºΑÃËÄüΠΑÄËæ¨ÚΑöËÚΑ
ÞËêÚΑË¢Α½ºΑÃËÄüΑ«ÞΑ«ÄËÃΑÚÄΑüΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑÚËêæΑæ¨ÚË꣨ΑÞ¨½½ΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑÚËΡΑ
æ¨ÚüΑõ«Ä£ΑæûΑêæ¨ËÚ«æ«ÞΠ
b¨ÚΑÚΑÞõÚ½ΑöüÞΑæËΑêÚΑ½ºΑÃËÄüΑÄΑæ¨ΑĈÚÞæΑ«ÞΑæ¨ÚË꣨Α½£«Þ½æ«õΑæ«ËÄΠΑb¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨ÞΑ
½ÚüΑÄæΑÞõÚ½Α½öÞΑæ¨æΑÞºΑæËΑ¢ËÚý«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑÄΑúΑ«æΑÄÞÞÚüΑæËΑÚ×ËÚæΑËÄËÃα
«ΑæÚÄÞæ«ËÄÞΠΑb¨ÞΑ«Ä½êΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËËÞΑÄΑ[Úõ«ÞΑbûΑæΡΑæ¨ΑõÚ«ËêÞΑ#[bΑæÞΑæΑæ¨Α[ææΑ
½õ½ÞΡΑ æ¨Α ½ºΑ AËÄüΑ λfÄ«Þ½ËÞΑ "ËÚ«£ÄΑ +ÄËÃΑ ÄΑÞÞæÞμΑ ÄΑ +Ã×ËÞ«æ«ËÄΑ Ë¢ΑbûΑæΡΑ ͉͎͋͊ΡΑ æ¨Α
ÄëΑbÚÄÞæ«ËÄÞΑλTÚ˨««æ«ËÄμΑÃÄÃÄæΑæΡΑÄΑæ¨Α"꣫æ«õΑËÄËëΑHąÄÚÞΑæΑæËΑÄÃΑΑ
¢öΠΑÄËæ¨ÚΑÃæ¨ËΑÃ×½ËüΑüΑæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑæËΑúΑ«æΑ¨ÚÚΑ¢ËÚΑæÚÄÞæ«ËÄÞΑæËΑΑ¨«ÄΑ«ÞΑæËΑ
ÃÄæΑæ¨ΑÚ×ËÚæ«Ä£ΑË¢ΑTBΑ¢ËÚΑæÚÄÞæ«ËÄÞΑË¢ΑÃËÚΑæ¨ÄΑϲ͋Π͎Α½º¨ΡΑÄΑæ¨Α×Ú˨««æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÞ¨ΑÚ«×æÞΑ
Ë¢Αϲ͋Α½º¨ΑËÚΑÃËÚΑÄΑΑ׼æüΑÙê½ΑæËΑæ¨ΑÃËêÄæΑË¢ΑÞê¨ΑÚ«×æÞΑ«¢ΑΑ×ÚÞËÄΑËÄæÚõÄÞΑæ¨Α×ÚËõ«α
Þ«ËÄΠΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ£«õÄΑ«ÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑΡΑΡΑÄΑΑÚΑöüÞΑË¢ΑÚæ«ËÄΑË¢Α½ºΑÃËÄüΠΑHence option (d) is the
correct answer.
20
ANALYSIS:
W¨«Ä£Αæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΑæËΑ樫ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ×ÄÄæΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÄ«æϐÞΑËÄ×æê½Α½Ú«æüΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑ«æΑ
«ÞΑÞΑËÄΑ××½«έ×Ú櫽ΑË×æ«ËÄÞΠΑõÚΑÞ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÃËÄæ«Þæ«ËÄΡΑϏ½ºΑÃËÄüϐΑ¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α
ÄöÞΠ
SOURCE : https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/what-is-black-mon-
üαÄαö¨üα«Þα«æαæËαÞËα«Ćê½æαæËαÙêÄæ«¢üα«æέÚ櫽͎͋͑͋͋͑͑͌Π
ΑV͎ΠΑb¨ΑÃËÄüΑÃê½æ«×½«ÚΑ«ÄΑÄΑËÄËÃüΑ«ÄÚÞÞΑö«æ¨Αö¨«¨ΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΧΑ
λμΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞ¨ΑWÞÚõΑWæ«ËΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑĺÞΑ
λμΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α[ææêæËÚüΑ;«Ùê««æüΑWæ«ËΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑĺÞΑ
ANALYSIS:
λμΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Αĺ«Ä£Α¨«æΑË¢Αæ¨Α×Ë×½Α
λμΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËêÄæÚü
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
½ÚüΑû×½«ÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑæ¨æΑ¢æêÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑΑ[ΑTÚ½«ÃÞΑ͉͋͊͒
Formula: Money Multiplier = Money Supply/Base Money
Hence option (c) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
Refer to the question in 2019. The same question was asked, only two options were interchanged.
That directly shows the importance of practicing previous year questions.
Q6. With reference to Central Bank Digital Currencies, consider the following statements :
1. It is possible to make payments in a digital currency without using US dollar or SWIFT system.
2. A digital currency can be distributed with a condition programmed into it such as a time-fame for spending it.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 Only
(b) 2 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
½æÚÄæ«õÞΑæËΑ [r+"bΑ ÄΑæ¨Α fΠ[ΠΑ ˽½ÚΑ ÚΑ ËëģΑ ¢ÚËÃΑæöËΑ «Úæ«ËÄÞΑ Úü×æËêÚÚÄ«ÞΑ ÄΑ ÄæÚ½Α
ĺΑ«£«æ½ΑêÚÚÄ«ÞΠΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑö«½½ΑΑ½ΑæËΑ«Úæ½üΑû¨Ä£Α«£«æ½ΑêÚÚÄ«ÞΑ«ÄΑΑ«½æÚ½ΑöüΑÄΑ
ö«æ¨ËêæΑ£Ë«Ä£Αæ¨ÚË꣨Α[r+"bΑËÚΑޫë½ÚΑÞææ½ÃÄæΑÞüÞæÃÞΠΑHence statement 1 is correct.
r¨ÄΑæ¨Αæ¨Ä˽ˣüΑ½½ËöÞΑÞýÞÞΑÄΑ«ÄÞæÄæÄËêÞΑËÄõÚæ««½«æüΑ¢ÚËÃΑËÄΑÞËõÚ«£ÄΑêÚÚÄüΑ«ÄæËΑ
ÄËæ¨ÚΡΑ«æΑ¨Ä£ÞΑæ¨Α×Ú櫽ΑÄΑ¢ËÚΑΑËëÄÄæΑ£½Ë½ΑÚÞÚõΑêÚÚÄüΠΑ ΑËê½ΑΑÃ×½ËüΑ¢ËÚΑ
ĈÞ½ΑæÚÄÞ¢ÚÞΑæËΑ¨Ëêި˽ÞΑËÚΑĈÚÃÞΡΑÞê¨ΑÞΑÚ½«¢ΑËÚΑÞæ«Ãê½êÞΑ×üÃÄæÞΠΑ[ê¨Α¨½«Ë×æÚΑÚË×ÞΑËÚΑÞêÞ«α
«ÞΑöËê½Α×ËæÄ櫽½üΑËÃΑÞ«ÚΑö¨ÄΑæ¨ÚΑ«ÞΑö«Þ×ÚΑË×æ«ËÄΑË¢Α ΑËêÄæÞΠΑb¨ΑæÚÄÞ¢ÚΑ
×üÃÄæÞΑ Ëê½Α ½ÞËΑ Α ύ×ÚË£ÚÃýώΡΑ ö«æ¨Α ËÄ«æ«ËÄÞΑ Þê¨Α ÞΑ û׫Úæ«ËÄΑ ê×ËÄΑ Α Úæ«ÄΑ æΑ ËÚΑ Α
ÚÙê«ÚÃÄæΑæËΑÞ×ÄΑæ¨Α¢êÄÞΑæΑÚæ«ÄΑõÄËÚÞΠΑHence statement 2 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
b¨«ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑ Α«ÄΑ£ÄÚ½ΡΑêæΑ«ÞΑËõ«ËêÞ½üΑÚ«õΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑêÚÚÄæΑą«ÚÞΠΑb¨ΑWÞÚõΑ
ĺΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α «ÞΑ «Ã«Ä£Α æΑ û×Ä«Ä£Αæ¨Α ׫½ËæΑ Α ×Ú˶æΠΑ AÄüΑ ËêÄæÚ«ÞΑ «ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½Α ¨õΑ ÞæÚæΑ
ΠΑ×ÚæΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨æΡΑæ¨ÚΑ«ÞΑ½ÞËΑΑ£ÚËö«Ä£ΑæÄÄüΑÃËÄ£ΑÃÄüΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑæËΑËêÄæÚΑæ¨Α˽½ÚΑ¨£α
ÃËÄüΠΑ[r+"bΑöÞΑ½ÞËΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑÞΑWêÞÞ«ΑöÞΑÚÃËõΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α[r+"bΑÞææ½ÃÄæΑÞüÞæÃΠΑb¨«ÞΑÙêÞα
æ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑæ¨êÞΑ«ÄÞ׫ÚΑüΑÃÄüΑêÚÚÄæΑõÄæÞΠΑfT[Α¨ÞΑÄΑÞº«Ä£ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑ×üÃÄæΑ«ÄæÚ¢α
ÞΡΑ«£«æ½Αĺ«Ä£ΑÞüÞæÃÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ«ÃΑæËΑæ«ÃΠ More such questions can be expected in the future, not
¶êÞæΑÚ½æΑæËΑæ¨ΑÞ«Α¢æêÚÞΑËÚΑĈÄ«æ«ËÄÞΑêæΑ½ÞËΑÚ½æΑæËΑæ¨Α××½«æ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÄöΑæ¨Ä˽α
Ë£«ÞΑêÞΑ«ÄΑĺ«Ä£ΑÄΑĈÄÄΠ
Only through the daily newspaper reading.
Centralised Decentralised
Person 1 Person 2
23
MONETARY POLICY
(6 Questions)
Q1. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the ‘Monetary Policy Committee
(MPC)?
1. It decides the RBI’s benchmark interest rates.
2. It is a 12-member body including the Governor of RBI and is reconstituted every year.
3. It functions under the chairmanship of the Union Finance Minister.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέ׫ΠÄ«Π«ÄέÄöÞ«æέTÚ«ÄæW½ÞΠÞ×ûΧÚ½«Ͻ͎͊͊͋͏͍
24
REMEMBER:
+æΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑö¨«¨ΑÞæÞΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑæÚ£æΑÄΑÄËæΑæ¨ΑW +ΠΑb¨Α
W +ΑËĽüΑæºÞΑËÚΑÞ꣣ÞæÞΑÃÞêÚÞΑæËΑËÄæÚ˽Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΠ
ÞΑ×ÚΑ[æ«ËÄΑ͍͎Α}ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑW +ΑæΡΑ͍͊͒͌Ρ
+Äĉæ«ËÄΑ æÚ£æΠδλ͊μΑ b¨Α ÄæÚ½Α #ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ Þ¨½½ΡΑ «ÄΑ ËÄÞê½ææ«ËÄΑ ö«æ¨Α æ¨Α
ĺΡΑæÚëÄΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑæÚ£æΑ«ÄΑæÚÃÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃÚΑTÚ«Α+ÄûΡΑËÄΑ
«ÄΑõÚüΑĈõΑüÚÞΠΑ
Q2. Which one of the following is not the most likely measure the Government/RBI takes to stop
the slide of Indian rupee?
(a) Curbing imports of non-essential goods-and promoting exports
(b) Encouraging Indian borrowers to issue rupee denominated Masala Bonds
(c) Easing conditions relating to external commercial borrowing
(d) Following an expansionary monetary policy
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
b¨ΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΡΑλμΑÄΑλμΑÚΑ½½ΑÃÞêÚÞΑö¨«¨Α«ÄæÄΑæËΑÞ¨«½Αæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑêÚÚÄüΑ£«ÄÞæΑ×Ú«α
æ«ËÄΠΑ H×æ«ËÄΑ λμΑ ö¨«¨Α «ÞΑ ϏË×æ«Ä£Α ÄΑ û×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑ ÃËÄæÚüΑ ×˽«üϐΑ öËê½Α ÄËæΑ Α Α ½«º½üΑ ÃÞêÚΑ ÞΑ
û×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑË×æΑüΑæ¨ΑW +ΑλWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«μΑö¨ÄΑæ¨Α
W +Α «ÃÞΑ æËΑ Þæ«Ãê½æΑ æ¨Α ËÄËÃüΑ ÄΑ æ¨æΑ ËÃÞΑ ö«æ¨Α Α ËÞæΑ λ«Äĉæ«ËÄΡΑ ö¨«¨Α ½ËöÚÞΑ ×êÚ¨Þ«Ä£Α
power and causes money to lose value).Αb¨æΑ «ÄÚÞÞΑæ¨Α ÃËÄüΑ Þê××½üΡΑ ½ËöÚÞΑ «ÄæÚÞæΑ ÚæÞΡΑ ÄΑ
«ÄÚÞÞΑ££Ú£æΑÃÄΠΑHence option (b) is the correct answer.
;ËöÚΑ «ÄæÚÞæΑ ÚæÞΑ ö«½½Α ½ÞËΑ æÄΑ æËΑ ÚêΑ æ¨Α õ½êΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α êÚÚÄüΠΑ +¢Α ËÃÞæ«Α «ÄæÚÞæΑ ÚæÞΑ ¢½½Α
Ú½æ«õΑæËΑ½Þö¨ÚΡΑ«æΑËÃÞΑ½ÞÞΑææÚæ«õΑæËΑÞõΑÃËÄüΑ«ÄΑËÃÞæ«ΑĺÞΠΑb¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑ«æΑö«½½Α½ΑæËΑ
ÄΑËêæĉËöΑË¢Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑêÚÚÄüΑÄΑæ¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑÞ½«ΑË¢Α+Ä«ÄΑWê×Π
ANALYSIS:
Þ«Α êÄÚÞæÄ«Ä£Α «ÞΑ ÄË꣨ΑæËΑ Þ˽õΑ樫ÞΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄΠΑ +¢Α û×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑ ÃËÄæÚüΑ ×˽«üΑ «ÞΑ¢Ë½½ËöΑæ¨æΑ
ÃÄÞΑ×˽«üΑÚæÞΑö«½½Α¨õΑæËΑΑº×æΑ½ËöΑö¨«¨Αö«½½ΑÄËæΑÚ×½ΑÄΑÄËæΑææÚæΑ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ«ÄõÞæËÚÞΑæ¨êÞΑÚêα
«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÃÄΑË¢Α+Ä«ÄΑêÚÚÄüΑ¢êÚæ¨ÚΑæ¨êÞΑ«Ä£ΑæËΑ«æÞΑ×Ú«æ«ËÄΠ
Q3. If the RBI decides to adopt an expansionist monetary policy, which of the following would it
not do?
͊ΠΑêæΑÄΑË×æ«Ã«ÞΑæ¨Α[ææêæËÚüΑ;«Ùê««æüΑWæ«ËΑ
͋ΠΑ+ÄÚÞΑæ¨ΑAÚ£«Ä½Α[æÄ«Ä£Α"«½«æüΑWæΑ
͌ΠΑêæΑæ¨Α ĺΑWæΑÄΑW×ËΑWæΑ
[½æΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΑêÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑËΑ£«õÄΑ½ËöΑ
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
û×ÄÞ«ËÄ«Þæέû×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑ«ÞΑö¨ÄΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½ΑĺΑË¢ΑΑËêÄæÚüΑ«ÄÚÞÞΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑ
æËΑÞæ«Ãê½æΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑb¨ΑæË˽ÞΑêÞΑüΑæ¨ΑW +ΑæËΑËÄæÚ˽ΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑÄΑΑÙêÄæ«α
ææ«õΑËÚΑÙ꽫ææ«õΠΑVêÄæ«ææ«õΑæË˽ÞΑËÄæÚ˽Αæ¨ΑûæÄæΑË¢ΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑüΑ¨Ä£«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ
Wæ«ËΑ λWWμΡΑ ËÚΑ [ææêæËÚüΑ ;«Ùê««æüΑ Wæ«ËΑ λ[;WμΡΑ ËÚΑ ĺΑ ÚæΑ ËÚΑ ;«Ùê««æüΑ ¶êÞæÃÄæΑ "«½«æüΑ λ;"μΑ æ¨æΑ
«Ä½êÞΑ AÚ£«Ä½Α [æÄ«Ä£Α "«½«æüΑ λA["μΠΑ +¢Α W +Α ¨Ä£ÞΑ ÚÞÚõΑ Úæ«ËÞΡΑ 樫ÞΑ öËê½Α ½Α æËΑ ¨Ä£ÞΑ «ÄΑ
½Ä«Ä£ΑüΑæ¨ΑĺÞΑö¨«¨ΡΑ«ÄΑæêÚÄΡΑöËê½Α«Ã×æΑæ¨Α×ËÞ«æÞΑÄΑ¨ÄΡΑæ¨ΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΠΑ
SLR is the ratio of liquid assets to the demand and time liabilities (NDTL). W +Α«ÄÚÞÞΑ[;WΑæËΑÚêΑ
ĺΑÚ«æΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨Αæ«ÃΑË¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΠΑ[«Ã«½Ú½üΡΑ«æΑÚêÞΑ[;WΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨Αæ«ÃΑË¢ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΑæËΑ«ÄÚÞΑ
ĺΑÚ«æΠΑb¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑêææ«Ä£ΑÄΑË×æ«Ã«Þ«Ä£Α[;WΑ«ÞΑÞËÃ樫ģΑæ¨ΑW +ΑöËê½ΑËΑêÄÚΑ«æÞΑû×ÄÞ«ËÄ«ÞæΑ
ÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΠ Hence option 1 is not correct.
MSF is an emergency window available to scheduled banks to borrow from RBIΑËÄΑÄΑËõÚÄ«£¨æΑÞ«ÞΑ
üΑ×½£«Ä£Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΠΑ+ÄÚÞΑæ¨ΑA["ΑÚæΑË¢Α«ÄæÚÞæΑö«½½ΑúΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ΑËÞæ½üΡΑÄΑæ¨êÞΑ
«ÞΑ ÞËÃ樫ģΑæ¨æΑæ¨Α W +ΑöËê½Α ÄËæΑ ËΑ ÞΑ ×ÚæΑ Ë¢Α «æÞΑ û×ÄÞ«ËÄ«ÞæΑ ÃËÄæÚüΑ ×˽«üΠΑ Hence option 2 is
correct.
The rate of interest charged by RBI on loans extended to commercial banks is called Bank Rate.ΑW×ËΑ
ÚæΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÚæΑæΑö¨«¨Αæ¨ΑW +Α½ÄÞΑæËΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺÞΑüΑ×êÚ¨Þ«Ä£ΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΠΑ;ËöÚΑĺΑÚæÞΑÄΑ
Ú×ËΑÚæÞΑöËê½ΑÚêΑæ¨ΑËÞæΑË¢ΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ΡΑÄΑæ¨êÞΑö«½½Α«ÄÚÞΑ½«Ùê««æüΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑêææ«Ä£Α
ĺΑ ÚæΑ ÄΑ Ú×ËΑ ÚæΑ «ÞΑ ÞËÃ樫ģΑæ¨Α W +ΑöËê½Α ËΑ êÄÚΑ «æÞΑ û×ÄÞ«ËÄ«ÞæΑ ÃËÄæÚüΑ ×˽«üΠ Hence
option 3 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
b¨Α¢êÄæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α ĺΑ«ÞΑÄΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑæË׫Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞü½½êÞΠΑ(ÄΡΑΑÞæêÄæΑÃêÞæΑ¨õΑ×Α
ºÄËö½£ΑËêæΑõÚ«ËêÞΑ¢êÄæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α ĺΠΑ
ûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑBWb
Please Note:
The NCERT book does not directly discuss such a situation, but it does discuss the various
monetary tools.
V͍ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑËÄËÃüΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. If the inflation is too high, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities.
2. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market.
3. If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy dollars.
r¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ£«õÄΑËõΑÚΑËÚÚæΧ
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
Motivation
b¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑöÞΑ«ÄÞ׫ÚΑêΑæËΑ¢½½έ×Ú««æ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑÚê×Αõ«Þααõ«ÞΑ˽½ÚΑÄΑÚ«Þ«Ä£Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑf[ΑÄΑ«ÄΑ
+Ä«Α ö«æ¨Α ÚÄæΑ «ÄæÚÞæΑ ÚæÞΑ ¨«ºΑ «ÄΑ ÃüΑ ͉͋͋͋Α Ãæ«Ä£Α Ë¢Α W +Α ÃËÄæÚüΑ ×˽«üΑ ËÃëæΑ æËΑ êÚΑ
«Äĉæ«ËÄΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠĈÄÄ«½û×ÚÞÞΠËÃέÃËÄüέüËêÚαÃËÄüαÄα
æÚ½αĺÞαÚ˽α«ÄαÄα«ÄæÚËÄÄæαöËÚ½έ͍͉͋͋͑͋͋έ
https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/the-curi-
ËêÞαÞαË¢α«Ä«αÞαÚ«Þ«Ä£α¢ËÚûαÚÞÚõÞαÄα¢½½«Ä£αÚê×α͊͊͏͍͉͍͌͒͌͋͑͐͑͊Π¨æý
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/r-
«αÃüα¨õαæËαæ˽Úæᨫ£¨αü«½Þα×Ú«ËÚ«æ«Þα«Äĉæ«ËÄαû×ÚæÞαÞüα͎͉͑͋͒͋͊Π¨æý
V͎ΠΑΑr¨«¨ΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Αæ«õ«æ«ÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«Α«ÞΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæËΑΑ×ÚæΑË¢ΑΑΑΑΑΑ
'sterilization' ?
(a) Conducting 'Open Market Operations'
(b) Oversight of settlement and payment systems
(c) Debt and cash management for the Central and State Governments
(d) Regulating the functions of Non-banking Financial Institutions
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
bËΑÞΑæ¨Αæ¨ÚæΑË¢ΑêÚÚÄüΑ××Ú«æ«ËÄΑËÚΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΡΑÄæÚ½ΑĺÞΑË¢æÄΑææÃ×æΑö¨æΑ«ÞΑºÄËöÄΑÞΑæ¨Α
ϕÞæÚ«½«āæ«ËÄϕΑË¢Α׫æ½ΑĉËöÞΠΑ+ÄΑΑÞêÞÞ¢ê½ΑÞæÚ«½«āæ«ËÄΑË×Úæ«ËÄΡΑæ¨ΑËÃÞæ«ΑËÃ×ËÄÄæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÃËÄα
æÚüΑ ÞΑ λĺΑ ÚÞÚõÞΑ ×½êÞΑ êÚÚÄüμΑ «ÞΑ ÚêΑæËΑ ËąÞæΑæ¨Α ÚÞÚõΑ «ÄĉËöΡΑ æΑ ½ÞæΑæÃ×ËÚÚ«½üΠΑ +ÄΑ
æ¨ËÚüΡΑ樫ÞΑÄΑΑ¨«õΑ«ÄΑÞõÚ½ΑöüÞΡΑÞê¨ΑÞΑüΑÄËêÚ£«Ä£Α×Ú«õæΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑËõÚÞÞΡΑËÚΑ½½Ëöα
«Ä£Α ¢ËÚ«£ÄÚÞΑ æËΑ ËÚÚËöΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ æ¨Α ½Ë½Α ÃÚºæΠΑ b¨Α ½ÞÞ«½Α ¢ËÚÃΑ Ë¢Α ÞæÚ«½«āæ«ËÄΡΑ ¨ËöõÚΡΑ ¨ÞΑ ÄΑ
æ¨ÚË꣨Αæ¨ΑêÞΑË¢ΑË×ÄΑÃÚºæΑË×Úæ«ËÄÞΡΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΡΑÞ½½«Ä£ΑbÚÞêÚüΑ«½½ÞΑÄΑËæ¨ÚΑ«ÄÞæÚêÃÄæÞΑæËΑÚêΑ
æ¨ΑËÃÞæ«ΑËÃ×ËÄÄæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÃËÄæÚüΑÞΠ Hence option (a) is the correct answer.
28
ûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑBWb
Year 2023 CENTRAL BANKS
ANSWERS A
29
EXPLANATION
ΑÄöΑÞæêüΑüΑæ¨ΑrËÚ½Α ĺΑ¨ÞΑÚõ½Αæ¨æΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑÄæÚ½ΑĺÞΑÚËÞÞΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½ΑÞ«Ãê½æÄËêÞ½üΑ
¨«º«Ä£Α«ÄæÚÞæΑÚæÞΑ«ÄΑÚÞ×ËÄÞΑæËΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΡΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½ΑÃüΑΑ£«Ä£ΑæËöÚΑΑ£½Ë½ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͋͌Α
ÄΑΑÞæÚ«Ä£ΑË¢ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÚ«ÞÞΑ«ÄΑÃÚ£«Ä£ΑÃÚºæÞΑÄΑõ½Ë׫ģΑËÄËëÞΑæ¨æΑöËê½ΑËΑæ¨ÃΑ½Þæ«Ä£Α
¨ÚÃΠΑ Central banks around the world have been raising interest rates this year with a degree of
ÞüĨÚËÄ««æüΑÄËæΑÞÄΑËõÚΑæ¨Α×ÞæΑĈõΑÞδΑæÚÄΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑ½«º½üΑæËΑËÄæ«ÄêΑö½½Α«ÄæËΑÄûæΑ
year.
ΑÄæÚ½ΑĺΑö«æ¨ΑΑ¨«£¨Α£ÚΑË¢ΑÚ««½«æüΑĈÚýüΑĨËÚÞΑû×ææ«ËÄÞΑË¢Α×Ú«ΑÞ櫽«æüΠΑb¨ΑÃËÄæÚüΑ
×˽«üΑ æÚÄÞëÞÞ«ËÄΑ èīÞÃΑ «ÞΑ ¨ÚæÚ«ÞΑ üΑ ½ËÄ£ΡΑ õÚ«½Α ÄΑ êÄÚæ«ÄΑ æ«ÃΑ ½£ÞΠΑ b¨êÞΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ
«Ćê½æΑæËΑ×Ú«æΑæ¨Α×Ú«ÞΑąæΑË¢ΑÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑæ«ËÄÞΑËÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑÄΑ×Ú«Α½õ½ΠΑHence
Central Banks generally assume that they have the ability to counteract the rising consumer prices
via increasing interest rates. Hence both statements are correct and statement II is the correct
explanation of statement I.
ANALYSIS:
Motivation/Why asked?
êÞΑæ¨Αæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÄæÚ½ΑĺÞΑ¨õΑÄΑö«½üΑËõÚΑλËæ¨ΑüΑæ¨ΑW +ΑÄΑæ¨Α"Ú½Α
WÞÚõμ
ÄΑÞæÄÚΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΑλ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέËÄËÃüέÚα
«αÞæα¢ËÚα¢ËêÚæ¨αÞæÚ«£¨æαÚæᨫºαæËαÙê½½α«Äĉæ«ËÄαÞüαû×ÚæÞέÚ櫽͏͎͍͍͍͒͌͑Πμ
SOURCE : macroeconomics (NCERT Class 12; Chapter 3: Money and Banking; the role of the RBI)
ûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑBWb
30
Q1. Which of the following statements best describes the term ‘Scheme for Sustainable
[æÚêæêÚ«Ä£ΑË¢Α[æÚÞÞΑÞÞæÞΑλ[͍μϐΡΑÚÄæ½üΑÞÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΧΑ
(a) It is a procedure for considering ecological costs of developmental schemes formulated by the Government.
(b) It is a scheme of RBI for reworking the financial structure of big corporate entities facing genuine difficulties.
(c) It is a disinvestment plan of the Government regarding Central Public Sector Undertakings.
(d) It is an important provision in ‘The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code’ recently implemented by the Government.
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
The Reserve Bank of India introduced the Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Assets (S4A
Scheme) on June 13, 2016.
b¨Α[͍ΑüΑW +ΑÄõ«Þ£ÞΑæÚëÄæ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞêÞæ«Ä½ΑæΑ½õ½Α¢ËÚΑΑÞæÚÞÞΑËÚÚËöÚΡΑÄΑ«¢êÚα
æ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËêæÞæÄ«Ä£ΑæΑ«ÄæËΑÞêÞæ«Ä½ΑæΑÄΑÙê«æüέÙêÞ«αÙê«æüΑ«ÄÞæÚêÃÄæÞΑö¨«¨ΑÚΑû×æΑ
æËΑ×ÚËõ«Αê×Þ«ΑæËΑæ¨Α½ÄÚÞΑö¨ÄΑæ¨ΑËÚÚËöÚΑæêÚÄÞΑÚËêÄΠ
Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
Motivation
[æÚÞÞΑÞÞæÞΑÄΑBTÞΑ¨ΑËÄÞæÄæ½üΑÚëÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͐ΠΑW +ΑÃΑê×Αö«æ¨ΑÃÄüΑÞ¨ÃÞΑ
æËΑÚÞÞΑæ¨ÞΑ«ÞÞêÞΠΑûΑαΑ[͍ΡΑ͎͎͋ΑæΠΑBTΑÚ«Þ«ÞΑöÞΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α¨ËæΑæË׫ÞΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͐ΑÞΑW +Α¨ΑæºÄΑ
ÞõÚ½ΑÞæ×ÞΡΑËÄËëΑ[êÚõüΑ¨Α«ÞêÞÞΑ«æΑ«ÄΑ櫽ΑÄΑĺ«Ä£Α¨½æ¨ΑöÞΑæ¨ËÚË꣨½üΑ«ÞêÞÞΑ«ÄΑ
ÄöÞ××ÚΠΑ
¨ææ×έέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέ+ÄêÞæÚüέ"«ÚÞæα[͍αæαÚα
SOURCE :
Þæα£æÞα××ÚËõ½έÚ櫽͊͏͍͌͐͏͉͎Π
¨ææ×έέ«Ä«Äû×ÚÞÞΠËÃέÚ櫽έêÞ«ÄÞÞέĺ«Ä£αÄαĈα
ÄÄέÚ«αêÄõ«½ÞαÄöαÞ¨ÃαæËα溽αα½ËÄÞαË¢α«£αĈÚÃÞα͎͋͑͊͊͑͏έ
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέ+ÄêÞæÚüέ"«ÚÞæα[͍αæαÚα
Þæα£æÞα××ÚËõ½έÚ櫽͊͏͍͌͐͏͉͎Π
ÄΑΑËõÚΑÞΑ×ÚæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÄËëΑ[êÚõüΑ[êÃÃÚüΠ
ΑBËÄΑTÚ¢ËÚëģΑÞÞæΑλBTμΑ«ÞΑΑ½ËÄΑËÚΑõÄΑ¢ËÚΑö¨«¨Αæ¨Α×ګī׽ΑËÚΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ×üÃÄæΑÚëÄΑ
ËõÚêΑ¢ËÚΑΑ×Ú«ËΑË¢Α͉͒ΑüÞΠΑ
ĺÞΑÚΑ¢êÚæ¨ÚΑÚÙê«ÚΑæËΑ½ÞÞ«¢üΑBTÞΑ¢êÚæ¨ÚΑ«ÄæËΑ
[êÞæÄÚΡΑ
Ëêæ¢ê½ΑÄΑ
;ËÞÞΑÞÞæÞΠΑ
Substandard assets:ΑÞÞæÞΑö¨«¨Α¨ÞΑÚëÄΑBTΑ¢ËÚΑΑ×Ú«ËΑ½ÞÞΑæ¨ÄΑËÚΑÙê½ΑæËΑ͊͋ΑÃËÄæ¨ÞΠΑ
Doubtful assets: ÄΑÞÞæΑöËê½ΑΑ½ÞÞ«ĈΑÞΑËêæ¢ê½Α«¢Α«æΑ¨ÞΑÚëÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞêÞæÄÚΑæ£ËÚüΑ
¢ËÚΑΑ×Ú«ËΑË¢Α͊͋ΑÃËÄæ¨ÞΠΑ
Loss assets:ΑÞΑ×ÚΑW +ΡΑύ;ËÞÞΑÞÞæΑ«ÞΑËÄÞ«ÚΑêÄ˽½æ«½ΑÄΑË¢ΑÞê¨Α½«ææ½Αõ½êΑæ¨æΑ«æÞΑËÄæ«Äêα
ÄΑÞΑΑĺ½ΑÞÞæΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑöÚÚÄæΡΑ½æ¨Ë꣨Αæ¨ÚΑÃüΑΑÞËÃΑÞ½õ£ΑËÚΑÚËõÚüΑõ½êΠώΑ
+æΑ«ÞΑÃÄæËÚüΑ¢ËÚΑΑ½ËÄΑËêÄæΑæêÚÄÞΑ«ÄæËΑΑBTΑæ¨æΑĺÞΑÚΑÚÙê«ÚΑæËΑ«Äæ«¢üΑ«Ä«×«ÄæΑÞæÚÞÞΑ
«ÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæΑüΑÚæ«Ä£Αæ¨ÚΑÞêαæ£ËÚ«ÞΑêÄÚΑæ¨Α[pecial Mention Account category as given
in the below:
[Aα͉ΑTګī׽ΑËÚΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ×üÃÄæΑÄËæΑËõÚêΑ¢ËÚΑÃËÚΑæ¨ÄΑ͉͌ΑüÞΑêæΑËêÄæΑÞ¨Ëö«Ä£ΑÞ«£ÄÞΑË¢Α
«Ä«×«ÄæΑÞæÚÞÞΑ
[Aα͊ΑTګī׽ΑËÚΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ×üÃÄæΑËõÚêΑæöÄΑ͌͊α͏͉ΑüÞΑ
[Aα͋ΑTګī׽ΑËÚΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ×üÃÄæΑËõÚêΑæöÄΑ͏͊α͉͒ΑüÞΑ
The parameters for identifying both NPA and Special Mention Accounts are decided by Reserve Bank
of India.
32
Q2. What is the purpose of setting up of Small Finance Banks (SFBs) in India?
1. To supply credit to small business units
2. To supply credit to small and marginal farmers
3. To encourage young entrepreneurs to set up business particularly in rural areas.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS A
ANSWERS
EXPLANATION
b¨Α˶æ«õÞΑË¢ΑÞææ«Ä£Αê×ΑË¢ΑÞý½ΑĈÄÄΑĺÞΑö«½½ΑΑæËΑ¢êÚæ¨ÚΑĈÄÄ«½Α«Ä½êÞ«ËÄΑü
×ÚËõ«Þ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÞõ«Ä£ÞΑõ¨«½ÞΡΑÄΑ
[ê××½üΑ Ë¢Α Ú«æΑæËΑ Þý½Α êÞ«ÄÞÞΑ êÄ«æÞΣΑ Þý½Α ÄΑ ÃÚ£«Ä½Α¢ÚÃÚÞΣΑ ëÚËΑ ÄΑ Þý½Α «ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΣΑ ÄΑ
Ëæ¨ÚΑêÄËڣīÞΑÞæËÚΑÄæ«æ«ÞΡΑæ¨ÚË꣨Α¨«£¨Αæ¨Ä˽ˣüα½ËöΑËÞæΑË×Úæ«ËÄÞΠ
About Small Finance Banks
[ý½Α"«ÄÄΑ ĺÞΑλ[" μΑÚ£«ÞæÚΑÞΑ×꽫Α½«Ã«æΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑêÄÚΑæ¨ΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑæΡΑ͉͋͊͌Α«ÄæÄΑæËΑ
×ÚËõ«ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞÚõ«ÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑêÄÞÚõΑÄΑêÄĺΑÚ£«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΠΑ
b¨ΑW +Α«ÞÞêΑ£ê«½«ÄÞΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑÞææ«Ä£Αê×ΑË¢ΑËæ¨ΑTüÃÄæÞΑ ĺÞΑλT ÞμΑÄΑ[ý½Α"«ÄÄΑ ĺÞΑλ[" ÞμΡΑ
«ÄΑ͉͍͋͊ΑÚÞ×æ«õ½üΠΑ
[" ÞΑ×Ú«ÃÚ«½üΑêÄÚæºΑÞ«Αĺ«Ä£Αæ«õ«æ«ÞΑË¢Α×æÄΑË¢Α×ËÞ«æÞΑλËæ¨ΑÃÄΑÄΑæ«ÃΑ×ËÞα
«æÞμΑÄΑ½Ä«Ä£Αλö«æ¨Α½«Ã«æÞμΑæËΑêÄαÞÚõΑÄΑêÄÚÞÚõΑÞæ«ËÄÞΑ«Ä½ê«Ä£ΑÞý½ΑêÞ«ÄÞÞΑêÄ«æÞΡΑÞý½Α
ÄΑÃÚ£«Ä½Α¢ÚÃÚÞΡΑëÚËΑÄΑÞý½Α«ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΡΑÄΑêÄËڣīāΑÞæËÚΑÄæ«æ«ÞΡΑêæΑö«æ¨ËêæΑÄüΑÚÞæÚ«α
æ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÚΑË¢ΑË×Úæ«ËÄÞΡΑêĽ«ºΑW£«ËĽΑWêÚ½Α ĺÞΑËÚΑ;˽ΑÚΑ ĺÞΠΑ
b¨üΑÚΑÞê¶æΑæËΑ½½Α×ÚêÄ櫽ΑÄËÚÃÞΑÄΑÚ£ê½æ«ËÄÞΑË¢ΑW +ΑÞΑ××½«½ΑæËΑû«Þæ«Ä£ΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺÞΑ
½«ºΑëÄæÄÄΑË¢ΑÞ¨ΑWÞÚõΑWæ«ËΑλWWμΑÄΑ[ææêæËÚüΑ;«Ùê««æüΑWæ«ËΑλ[;WμΠΑ
b¨üΑÄΑ«ÞÞêΑ«æΑÚÞΠΑÄΑæ¨ΑëīÃêÃΑ׫αê×Α׫æ½ΑÚÙê«ÚΑ¢ËÚΑÞý½ΑĈÄÄΑĺÞΑ«ÞΑWÞΑ
200 crores. Hence option (a) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
Motivation/Why asked?
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
ANSWERS
Statement 1 is correct:Α׫æ½ΑÙêüΑWæ«ËΑλWμΡΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑ½ÞËΑºÄËöÄΑÞΑCapital to Risk (Weighted)
Assets RatioΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÚæ«ËΑË¢ΑΑĺϖÞΑ׫æ½Α«ÄΑÚ½æ«ËÄΑæËΑ«æÞΑÚ«ÞºΑö«£¨æΑÞÞæÞΑÄΑêÚÚÄæΑ½««½«æ«ÞΠΑ+æΑ
«ÞΑ«ΑüΑÄæÚ½ΑĺÞΑÄΑĺΑÚ£ê½æËÚÞΑæËΑ×ÚõÄæΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ溫ģΑûÞÞΑ½õÚ£Α
ÄΑ ËëģΑ «ÄÞ˽õÄæΑ «ÄΑæ¨Α ×ÚËÞÞΠΑ Simply put, it is the amount of money that a bank has in its
reserve to cover any losses in its loans.Α+æΑ«ÞΑ½ê½æΑüΑ«õ««Ä£ΑΑĺϖÞΑ׫æ½ΑüΑ«æÞΑÚ«Þºαö«£¨æΑ
ÞÞæÞΠ
Statement 2 is not correct:Α+æΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑλW +μΑæ¨æΑÞæÞΑæ¨ΑÄËÚÃÞΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑĺÞΑæËΑëÄα
æ«ÄΑWΠΑÞΑË¢ΑHæËÚΑ͉͋͋͌ΡΑæ¨ΑW +Α¨ÞΑÞ«Αæ¨æΑ½½Αæ¨ΑÞ¨ê½ΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺÞΑÚΑÚÙê«ÚΑæËΑ
ëÄæ«ÄΑΑWΑË¢Α͒АΑö¨«½Αæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑ×꽫ΑÞæËÚΑĺÞΑÚΑÚÙê«ÚΑæËΑëÄæ«ÄΑΑWΑË¢Α͊͋АΠ
ANALYSIS:
Motivation/Why asked?
+æΑΑÞ«ΑËÄ×æΑ«ÄΑÃÚËËÄËëÞΡΑÄΑ¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑËö«Ä£ΑæËΑ [;ΑBHWA[Αæ¨æΑ£ê«Α
æ¨ΑÄæÚ½ΑĺÞΑÚËÞÞΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½ΑæËΑëÄæ«ÄΑæ¨ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞ櫽«æüΑË¢Αæ¨ΑĺÞΑÄΑËÄËëÞΠΑWΑÄΑ
Α Α ÚêÚÚ«Ä£Α æ¨ÃΑ ÞΑ «æÞΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄΑ ÚëÄÞΑ æ¨Α ÞÃΑ Þ׫½½üΑ êÞΑ ÃÄüΑ £½Ë½½üΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄΑ
ĺÞΑ¨õΑ¢«½Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑÚÄæΑ×ÞæΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέË׫īËÄέË×αέö¨æα«Þα׫æ½αÙêΑüαÚæ«Ëα«ÄαĈÄÄέÚæ«α
½͍͊͒͌͒͒͐͑Π
V͍ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÄΑË¢Α×꽫ΑÞæËÚΑĺ«Ä£Α«ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α
statements:
1. Capital infusion into public sector banks by the Government of India has steadily increased in the last decade.
2. To put the public sector banks in order, the merger of associate banks with the parent State Bank of India has
been affected.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
ÞΑ樫ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ¢æêÚΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͑ΡΑϏ½ÞæΑ͉͊ΑüÚÞϐΑÃÄÞΑæöÄΑ͉͉͋͑ΑæËΑ͉͋͊͑ΠΑ+ÄΑ͉͋͊͑ΡΑÞõÚ½ΑÄöÞ××ÚΑ
Ú櫽ÞΑ«ÞêÞÞΑæ¨ΑÄÄËêÄÃÄæΑÃΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α ê£æΑ͉͋͊͑α͊͒Α¢æÚΑæ¨ΑËÄËëΑ[êÚõüΑ͉͎͋͊α͊͏ΑΑ
ÃרޫāΑæ¨æΑÚÞÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞæÚÞÞΑÞÞæÞΑ×Ú˽ÃΑöËê½ΑÚÙê«ÚΑ͍ΑWϐÞΑW¢ËÚÃΡΑWˣīæ«ËÄΡΑW׫α
潫āæ«ËÄΡΑÄΑWÞ˽êæ«ËÄΠ
35
FINANCIAL WOES
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ½«õëÄæΠËÃέ+ÄêÞæÚüέæ;Þ½Äα 90,000
-10,000
Capital From Govt
1HW3URǓW
-20,000 -17,993
-30,000 -21,395 NA NA
2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018-
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Source: Budget documents & RBI
V͎ΠΑr¨æΑöÞΑæ¨Α×êÚ×ËÞΑË¢Α+ÄæÚαÚ«æËÚΑ£ÚÃÄæΑÞ«£ÄΑüΑ+Ä«ÄΑĺÞΑÄΑĈÄÄ«½Α«ÄÞæ«α
tutions recently?
(a) The lessen the Government of India’s perennial burden of fiscal deficit and current account deficit.
(b) To support the infrastructure projects of Central and State Governments
(c) To act as independent regulator in case of application for loans of Rs. 50 core or more
(d) To aim at faster resolution of stressed assets of Rs. 50 crore or more which are under consortium lending
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
b¨Α +ÄæÚαÚ«æËÚΑ£ÚÃÄæΑ ËÚΑ +Α «ÞΑ ÄΑ £ÚÃÄæΑ ÃËÄ£Α ĺÞΑæ¨æΑ ¨õΑ êÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ Α ËÚÚËöÚΑ «ÄΑ
ÞæÚÞÞΠΑb¨Α ×æΑ ÃÄæÞΑæ¨Α ½Α ĺΑæËΑ¢ËÚÃê½æΑ Α ÚÞ˽êæ«ËÄΑ ×½ÄΑæ¨æΑö«½½Α Α ûêæΑ «ÄΑ Αæ«ÃΑ
ËêÄΑÃÄÄÚΠ
+ÄΑ Α «ΑæËΑ ÄÞêÚΑ Þö«¢æΑ ÚÞ˽êæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α ÄËÄα×Ú¢ËÚëģΑ ÞÞæÞΡΑ ÚËêÄΑ ͋͋Α ×꽫Α ÞæËÚΑ ĺÞΑ λ«Ä½ê«Ä£Α
+Ä«ΑTËÞæΑTüÃÄæÞΑ ĺμΡΑ͊͒Α×Ú«õæΑ½ÄÚÞΑÄΑ͌͋Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑĺÞΑËÄΑAËÄüΑÞ«£ÄΑæ¨Α«ÄæÚαÚ«æËÚΑ
£ÚÃÄæΑλ+μΑæËΑ¢ÞæΑæÚºΑæ¨ΑÚÞ˽êæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÞæÚÞÞΑÞÞæÞΠΑb¨«ÞΑ¨××ÄΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͑ΠΑb¨Αæ¨ÄΑ"«ÄÄΑ
A«Ä«ÞæÚΑÞÚ«Αæ¨ΑÃËõΑÞΑΑϖ¨ê£ΑÞæ×Α¢ËÚöÚϖΑ«ÄΑÚÞÞ«Ä£Αæ¨Αĺ«Ä£ΑÞæËÚϖÞΑΑ½ËÄÞΠΑb¨Α
£ÚÃÄæΑöÞΑ½ÞËΑÞ«£ÄΑüΑ͊͋ΑöËÚΑĈÄÄ«½Α«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑ½«ºΑ;+ΡΑ(fHΡΑÃËÄ£ΑËæ¨ÚÞΠΑ
36
ÞΑ×ÚΑæ¨Α+ΡΑϕb¨Α½Α½ÄÚΡΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑæ¨Α½ÄÚΑö«æ¨Αæ¨Α¨«£¨ÞæΑû×ËÞêÚΡΑÞ¨½½ΑΑêæ¨ËÚ«ÞΑæËΑ¢ËÚÃêα
½æΑæ¨ΑÚÞ˽êæ«ËÄΑ×½ÄΡΑö¨«¨ΑÞ¨½½ΑΑ×ÚÞÄæΑæËΑæ¨Α½ÄÚÞΑ¢ËÚΑ樫ÚΑ××ÚËõ½ΠϕΑb¨Α«Þ«ËÄαú«Ä£Α
ö«½½ΑΑüΑöüΑË¢Α××ÚËõ½ΑË¢ΑϖöËÚ«æüΑ½ÄÚÞϖΡΑæ¨ËÞΑö«æ¨Α͏͏Α×ÚΑÄæΑÞ¨ÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α££Ú£æΑû×ËÞêÚΠΑThe
ICA agreement covers cases of stressed assets worth at least Rs 50 crore under consortium lending.
Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
Motivation/Why asked?
(ΑÄΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑ¢ÚÙêÄæ½üΑÞ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͑ΠΑÄΑΑËõÚΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑBTΑ×Ú˽ÃΡΑö¨«¨Α¨ÞΑÄΑö«½üΑ×Úõα
½ÄæΑ¢ËÚΑ½ÃËÞæΑ͏α͐ΑüÚÞΠΑ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέËÄËëæ«ÃÞΠ«Ä«æ«ÃÞΠËÃέ«ÄêÞæÚüέĺ«Ä£έĈα
nance/banking/guidelines-on-inter-creditor-agreement-next-week/articles
¨Ëöέ͏͎͍͉͒͒͏͋ΠÃÞ
BËæΑËõÚΑ«ÄΑÄüΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞÞÄ櫽ΑAæÚ«½ΡΑêæΑæË׫ÞΑöÚΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄæûæΑË¢ΑÚÞæÚêæêÚ«Ä£ΑąËÚæÞΠΑ
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
ĺÞΑ ËÚΑ êÚêΑ λËÚΑ μΑ ÚËÃÃÄÞΑ¢ËÚΑ Þ½æ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α ¨ÞΑ Ë¢Α ×꽫Α [æËÚΑ ĺÞΑ ÄΑ "«ÄÄ«½Α
+ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑÄΑ¨½×ÞΑĺÞΑ«ÄΑõ½Ë׫ģΑÞæÚ棫ÞΑÄΑ׫æ½ΑÚ«Þ«Ä£Α×½ÄÞΠΑ+æΑöÞΑ«ÄæÚËêΑêÄÚΑæ¨Α
Mission IndradhanushΑ¢ËÚΑĺ«Ä£ΑÞæËÚΑ½êĨΑüΑæ¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑË¢Α+Ä«Α«ÄΑ͉͎͋͊ΠΑHence option (a)
is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
Please Note:
b¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨ÞΑÚÞæΑæ¨Α ĺΑ ËÚΑ êÚêΑλ μΑ«ÄæËΑ"«ÄÄ«½Α[Úõ«ÞΑ+ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑ
êÚêΑλ"[+ μΠΑ+æΑ¨××ÄΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͋͋ΑÞΑæ¨Αąæ«õÄÞΑË¢ΑΑ ΑöÞΑ«ÄΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΠΑ9«Ä½üΑÚ¢ÚΑæËΑ
æ¨Α½«ÄºΑæËΑºÄËöΑÃËÚΑËêæΑæ¨ΑÞÃΠ
https://www.thehindu.com/business/government-re-
ÞæÞαĺÞαËÚαêÚêα«ÄæËα¢Þ«έÚ櫽͏͎͎͑͒͑͏͉Π
V͐ΠΑb¨Α[Úõ«ΑÚΑ××Ú˨ΑöÞΑ«Ã×½ÃÄæΑêÄÚΑæ¨Α×êÚõ«öΑË¢
(a) the Integrated Rural Development Programme
(b) Lead Bank Scheme
(c) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(d) National Skill Development Mission
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
b¨Α [Úõ«ΑÚΑ××Ú˨Α λ[μΑ «ÄæÚËêΑ «ÄΑ×Ú«½Α ͊͒͑͒ΡΑ «ÄΑ ËÚÚΑæËΑ Ú«Ä£Α ËêæΑ ËÚÚ½üΑ ÄΑ ×½ÄÄΑ
õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑË¢ΑÚêÚ½ΑÄΑÞëαêÚÄΑÚÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΡΑöÞΑûæÄΑæËΑ½½Α+Ä«ÄΑÞ¨ê½ΑËÃÃÚα
«½ΑĺÞΑ«Ä½ê«Ä£ΑW£«ËĽΑWêÚ½Α ĺÞΑλWW ÞμΠ
b¨ΑÞÚõ«ΑÚΑ××Ú˨Α«ÞΑÄΑ½æÚÄæ«õΑÄΑ«Ã×ÚËõΑÃæ¨ËΑÄΑêÄÚΑæ¨Αæ¨Α;Α ĺΑ[¨ÃΑ
¢ËÚΑæ¨Α×½ËüÃÄæΑË¢ΑĺΑÚ«æΑ¢ËÚΑÚêÚ½Αõ½Ë×ÃÄæΠΑfÄÚΑ[ΡΑ¨ΑĺΑÚĨΑ«ÄΑÚêÚ½ΑÄΑÞëαêÚα
ÄΑÚÞΑöÞΑÞ«£ÄæΑæËΑÞÚõΑÄΑÚΑË¢Α͎͊ΑæËΑ͎͋Αõ«½½£ÞΑÄΑæ¨ΑÚĨΑöÞΑÚÞ×ËÄÞ«½Α¢ËÚΑÃæ«Ä£Α
æ¨ΑÄÞΑË¢ΑĺΑÚ«æΑË¢Α«æÞΑÞÚõ«ΑÚΠ Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
b¨Α ×Ú«ÃÚüΑ ˶æ«õΑ Ë¢Α [ΑöÞΑæËΑ «ÄÚÞΑ ×ÚËêæ«õΑ ½Ä«Ä£Α ÄΑ¢ËÚ£Α ąæ«õΑ ½«Äº£ÞΑ æöÄΑ
ĺΑÚ«æΡΑ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΡΑ×ÚËêæ«õ«æüΑÄΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑ«ÄËÃΑ½õ½Þ
38
ANALYSIS:
Motivation
fT[Α º×ÞΑ Þº«Ä£Α ÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ Ú½æΑ æËΑ ˽Α êæΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ Þ¨ÃÞΠΑ b¨ÃΑ Ú×æ«æ«ËÄΑ λ͉͋͊͋Α ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ
ÞºΑËÄΑ½Αĺμ
V͑ΠΑr¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α«ÞΑÄËæΑ«Ä½êΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞÞæÞΑË¢ΑΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«Χ
(a) Advances
(b) Deposits
(c) Investments
(d) Money at call and short notice
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
½æ¨Ë꣨Α«æΑ«ÞΑÄΑ Αæü×ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΡΑæ¨ΑÄÞöÚΑ
öÞΑÄËæΑ«Ćê½æΑæËΑ£æΠ
V͒ΠΑr¨æΑ«ÞΑæ¨Α«Ã×ËÚæÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑæÚÃΑϕ+ÄæÚÞæΑËõÚ£ΑWæ«ËϕΑË¢ΑΑĈÚÃΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΧΑ
1. It helps in understanding the present risk of a firm that a bank is going to give loan to.
2. It helps in evaluating the emerging risk of a firm that a bank is going to give loan to.
3. The higher a borrowing firm's level of Interest Coverage Ratio, the worse is its ability to service its debt.
[½æΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΑêÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑËΑ£«õÄΑ½ËöΠΑ
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
b¨Α«ÄæÚÞæΑËõÚ£ΑÚæ«ËΑ«ÞΑΑæΑÚæ«ËΑÄΑ×ÚËĈ櫽«æüΑÚæ«ËΑêÞΑæËΑæÚëÄΑ¨ËöΑÞ«½üΑΑËÃ×ÄüΑ
ÄΑ×üΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑËÄΑ«æÞΑËêæÞæÄ«Ä£ΑæΠΑΑ¨«£¨ÚΑËõÚ£ΑÚæ«ËΑ«ÞΑææÚΡΑ½æ¨Ë꣨Αæ¨Α«½ΑÚæ«ËΑÃüΑ
õÚüΑüΑ«ÄêÞæÚüΠ Hence statement 3 is not correct. b¨Α+ÄæÚÞæΑËõÚ£ΑÚæ«ËΑ«ÞΑ½ÞËΑ½½Αύæ«ÃÞΑ«ÄæÚα
ÞæΑÚÄΠώΑ;ÄÚÞΡΑ«ÄõÞæËÚÞΡΑÄΑÚ«æËÚÞΑË¢æÄΑêÞΑ樫ÞΑ¢ËÚÃê½ΑæËΑæÚëÄΑΑËÃ×ÄüϖÞΑÚ«Þº«ÄÞÞΑ
Ú½æ«õΑæËΑ«æÞΑêÚÚÄæΑæΑËÚΑ¢ËÚΑ¢êæêÚΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ΠΑ
b¨Α«ÄæÚÞæΑËõÚ£ΑÚæ«ËΑ«ÞΑêÞΑæËΑÞΑ¨ËöΑö½½ΑΑĈÚÃΑÄΑ×üΑæ¨Α«ÄæÚÞæΑËÄΑËêæÞæÄ«Ä£ΑæΠΑ½ÞËΑ
½½Αæ¨Αæ«ÃÞΑα«ÄæÚÞæΑαΑÚÄΑÚæ«ËΡΑ樫ÞΑÚæ«ËΑ«ÞΑêÞΑüΑÚ«æËÚÞΑÄΑ×ÚËÞ×æ«õΑ½ÄÚÞΑæËΑÞÞÞÞΑ
æ¨ΑÚ«ÞºΑË¢Α½Ä«Ä£Α׫æ½ΑæËΑΑĈÚÃΠΑHence statements 1 and 2 are correct.
ANALYSIS:
Motivation
+æΑ«ÞΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÚ«ÞºΑÞÞÞÞÃÄæΑ×ÚÃæÚΑË¢ΑΑËÃ×ÄüΠΑêÚ«Ä£Α樫ÞΑæ«ÃΡΑBTΑÞ«æêæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑÃÄüΑĺÞΑ
öÞΑ×Úõ½ÄæΠΑ½ÞËΡΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑ½ÚΑĺÚê×æüΑÄΑ+ ΑËΑöÞΑ«Ä£ΑêÞΠΑb¨«ÞΑÞ«æêæ«ËÄΑÞæüΑ
«ÄΑÄöÞΑ¢ËÚΑΑ£ËËΑ͌α͍ΑüÚÞΑÄΑ¨ÄΑ«æΑÃΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΠΑ
Statement 3 can be eliminated as higher interest coverage ratio (as the term suggests) mean higher
interest (to be paid)ΑÄΑΑËõÚΑüΑæ¨ΑĈÚÃΑÄΑæ¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑ«æÞΑ«½«æüΑæËΑÞÚõ«Α«æÞΑæΑ«ÞΑææÚΠΑb¨Α
êÚÚÄæΑÚ«ÞºΑ×ÚËĈ½ΑË¢ΑΑËÃ×ÄüΑö«½½Α½ÞËΑ¨½×Α«ÄΑõ½êæ«Ä£Α¢êæêÚΑÚ«ÞºΑ×ÚËĈ½ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞÃΑËÃ×ÄüΠΑ½ÞËΡΑ
ÄËæΑæ¨æΑ«ÄΑËæ¨Αæ¨ΑÞææÃÄæÞΡΑ£ÄÚ½ΑöËÚÞΑ½«ºΑ¨½×ÞΑ«ÄΑêÄÚÞæÄ«Ä£ΑÄΑ¨½×ÞΑ«ÄΑõ½êæ«Ä£ΑÚΑ
êÞΠΑ(ÄΡΑÄËΑÞ׫ĈΑºüöËÚΑ«ÞΑêÞΡΑæ¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑÞææÃÄæΑ͊ΑÄΑ͋ΑÚΑÃËÞæ½üΑËÚÚæ
SOURCE : This concept is not covered in the Macroeconomics (NCERT Class 12), while it can be found in
the NCERT Business Studies book
https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/lebs209.pdf
40
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
ËÚ«Ä£ΑæËΑ[æ«ËÄΑ͑ΑË¢ΑW +ΑbΑ͍͊͒͌αΑΑ#ËõÚÄËÚΑÄΑλÄËæΑÃËÚΑæ¨ÄΑ¢ËêÚμΑ×êæüΑ#ËõÚÄËÚÞΑæËΑΑ××Ë«Äæα
ΑüΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΠΑHence statement 1 is correct.
ËÚ«Ä£ΑæËΑ[æ«ËÄΑ͐ΑË¢ΑW +ΑbΑ͍͊͒͌αΑb¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÃüΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ«ÃΑæËΑæ«ÃΑ£«õΑÞê¨Α«Úæ«ËÄÞΑ
æËΑæ¨Α ĺΑÞΑ«æΑÃüΡΑ¢æÚΑËÄÞê½ææ«ËÄΑö«æ¨Αæ¨Α#ËõÚÄËÚΑË¢Αæ¨Α ĺΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑÄÞÞÚüΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×꽫Α«ÄæÚα
ÞæΠΑb¨ÚΑ«ÞΑÄËΑÞê¨Α×ÚËõ«Þ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄΑË¢Α+Ä«ΠΑHence statement 2 is not correct.
ËÚ«Ä£ΑæËΑ[æ«ËÄΑ͐ΑË¢ΑW +ΑæΑ͍͊͒͌αΑb¨Α#ËõÚÄËÚΑÄΑ«ÄΑ¨«ÞΑÞÄΑæ¨Α×êæüΑ#ËõÚÄËÚΑÄËëÄæΑüΑ
¨«ÃΑ«ÄΑ樫ÞΑ¨½¢ΡΑÞ¨½½Α½ÞËΑ¨õΑ×ËöÚÞΑË¢Α£ÄÚ½ΑÞê×Ú«ÄæÄÄΑÄΑ«Úæ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Αą«ÚÞΑÄΑæ¨Α
êÞ«ÄÞÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α ĺΡΑÄΑÃüΑûÚ«ÞΑ½½Α×ËöÚÞΑÄΑËΑ½½ΑæÞΑÄΑ樫ģÞΑö¨«¨ΑÃüΑΑûÚ«ÞΑËÚΑËÄΑ
üΑæ¨Α ĺΠΑHence statement 3 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
Motivation
Þ«Α«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑËêæΑæ¨ΑW +ΣΑ¶êÞæΑ½«ºΑΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑËÄΑæ¨ΑAËÄæÚüΑT˽«üΑËÃëææΑ¢æêÚΠ
b¨«ÞΑ«ÞΑΑõÚüΑÞüΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑêÞΑæ¨ΑËÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑËÞΑÄËæΑ£«õΑ×ËöÚΑæËΑæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α
+Ä«ΠΑ(ÄΑêÞ«Ä£Αæ¨æΡΑöΑÄΑ½«Ã«ÄæΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΡΑλμΑÄΑλμΠ
SOURCE : Arthapedia
41
Strategic Use of PYQs and Mock Tests: Seeking Personalized Guidance:Α Ä££Α
fÞΑ ×ÞæΑ üÚΑ ××ÚÞΑ æËΑ êÄÚÞæÄΑ æ¨Α ö«æ¨ΑÃÄæËÚÞΑ¢ËÚΑêÞæËëāΑÞæÚ棫ÞΡΑÚÞΑ
ûÃΑ×ææÚÄΡΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑæË׫ÞΡΑÄΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ æËΑ «Ã×ÚËõΡΑ ÄΑ ÃËæ«õæ«ËÄΠΑ b¨«ÞΑ ÃÄæËÚÞ¨«×Α
æÚÄÞΠΑ W£ê½Ú½üΑ ×Úæ««Ä£Α ÄΑ ÞÞÞÞ«Ä£Α ½ÞËΑ¨½×ÞΑ«ÄΑÞæÚÞÞΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΡΑ£ê««Ä£ΑüËêΑ
×ÚË£ÚÞÞΑö«æ¨ΑÃ˺ΑæÞæÞΑ«Ã×ÚËõÞΑ×Ú×Úα æ¨ÚË꣨Α ąæ«õΑ ×Úæ«ÞΑ æËΑ ëÄæ«ÄΑ
æ«ËÄΑÄΑæ«ÃΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΠ ÃÄæ½Αö½½α«Ä£Π
9׫ģΑæ¨ΑÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑfT[ΑTÚ½«ÃÞΑûëÄæ«ËÄΡΑæ¨Αq«Þ«ËÄ+[Α¨ÞΑÚË꣨æΑ«æÞΑ
Ãê¨α½ÚæΑAll India GS Prelims Test Series and Mentoring ProgramΑö¨«¨Α
ÄËÃ×ÞÞΑæ¨ΑÄæ«ÚΑfT[ΑÞü½½êÞΑÞΑËÄΑæ¨Α½æÞæΑæÚÄÞΠ
[ÄΑQR code æËΑöæ¨ ύfT[ΑTÚ½«ÃÞΑ͉͍͋͋Α
ąæ«õΑ[æÚæ£üΑ¢ËÚΑ͌Π͎ΑAËÄæ¨ÞώΑ
Its key Features include:
ËÃ×Ú¨ÄÞ«õΑËõÚ£ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑfT[ΑÞü½½êÞ +Ä«õ«ê½«āΑTÚÞËĽΑAÄæËÚ«Ä£
"½û«½ΑæÞæΑÞÚ«ÞΑÞ¨ê½ +ÄÄËõæ«õΑÞÞÞÞÃÄæΑ[üÞæÃΑÄΑTÚ¢ËÚÃÄΑ
ĽüÞ«ÞΑö«æ¨Α½½Α+Ä«ΑWĺ«Ä£Þ
;«õΑ ËĽ«ÄέËć«ÄΑ æÞæΑ «ÞêÞÞ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ ×ËÞæαæÞæΑ
ĽüÞ«ÞΑ V꫺ΑWõ«Þ«ËÄΑAËê½ΑλVWAμΑ
ÄÞöÚΑºüÞΑΑÄΑËÃ×Ú¨ÄÞ«õΑû×½Äæ«ËÄΑ¢ËÚΑ
õÚüΑæÞæΑ××Ú
Q11. With reference to 'Urban Cooperative Banks' in India consider the following statements:
1. They are supervised and regulated by local boards set up by the State Governments.
2. They can issue equity shares and preference shares.
3. They were brought under the purview of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 through an Amendment in 1966.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
Large cooperative banks with paid-up share capital and reserves of Rs.1 lakh were brought under the
×Úõ«öΑË¢Αæ¨Α ĺ«Ä£ΑW£ê½æ«ËÄΑæΑ͍͊͒͒Αö«æ¨ΑąæΑ¢ÚËÃΑ͊ÞæΑAÚ¨ΡΑ͊͒͏͏ΑÄΑö«æ¨«ÄΑæ¨ΑëæΑË¢Αæ¨Α
WÞÚõΑ ĺϐÞΑÞê×Úõ«Þ«ËÄΠΑb¨«ÞΑÃÚºΑæ¨Α£«ÄÄ«Ä£ΑË¢ΑÄΑÚΑË¢Α꽫æüΑË¢ΑËÄæÚ˽ΑËõÚΑæ¨ÞΑĺÞΠΑ
ĺ«Ä£ΑÚ½æΑ¢êÄæ«ËÄÞΑλõ«āΠΑ½«ÄÞ«Ä£ΡΑÚΑË¢ΑË×Úæ«ËÄÞΡΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑÚæÞΑæΠμΑöÚΑæËΑΑ£ËõÚÄΑüΑ
W +ΑÄΑÚ£«ÞæÚæ«ËÄΡΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΡΑê«æΑÄΑ½«Ùê«æ«ËÄΡΑæΠΑ£ËõÚÄΑüΑ[ææΑ#ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΑÞΑ×ÚΑæ¨Α
×ÚËõ«Þ«ËÄÞΑË¢ΑÚÞ×æ«õΑ[ææΑæÞΠΑ[ËΑæ¨ΑËÄæÚ˽ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑW +ΑöÞΑ×Ú櫽ΑÄΑ«æΑÞ¨ÚΑæ¨ΑËÄæÚ˽Αö«æ¨Αæ¨Α
Ú£«ÞæÚÚΑË¢ΑËË×Úæ«õΑÞË«æ«ÞΑË¢Α[ææÞΡΑ£«õ«Ä£ΑÚ«ÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑÃê¨α«ÞêÞÞΑê½ΑËÄæÚ˽ΑÄΑæ¨Α«Ćê½α
ties it posed to the central bank. Hence statement 3 is correct.
b¨ΑÚÄæΑ ĺ«Ä£ΑW£ê½æ«ËÄΑλÃÄÃÄæμΑæΑ͉͉͋͋ΑĽÞΑæ¨ΑW +ΑæËΑ£æΑ½½Αæ¨Α×ËöÚÞΡΑ«Ä½ê«Ä£Α
æ¨ËÞΑ¨«æ¨ÚæËΑû½êÞ«õ½üΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑÚ£«ÞæÚÚΑË¢ΑËË×Úæ«õΑÞË«æ«ÞΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑ×ËöÚÞΑË¢ΑÚ£«ÞæÚÚΑËÄæ«Äα
êΑæËΑΑö«æ¨Α¨«ÃΑêæΑæ¨Α×ËöÚÞΑË¢ΑW +ΑËõÚÚ«Αæ¨ËÞΑË¢ΑÚ£«ÞæÚÚΠΑHence statement 1 is not correct.
r¨«½Αæ¨ΑÃÄÃÄæΑ£«õÞΑæ¨ΑÚÙê«ÚΑ×ËöÚÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑW +ΑæËΑæºΑæ«Ã½üΑæ«ËÄΑÄΑÞæ×ÞΑæËΑ×ÚõÄæΑf ÞΑ
¢ÚËÃΑ¢«½«Ä£ΑÞËΑæ¨æΑ×ËÞ«æËÚÞϐΑÃËÄ«ÞΑÚΑ×ÚËææΡΑö¨«¨ΑöÞΑæ¨ΑëÄΑ×êÚ×ËÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÃÄÃÄæΡΑ«æΑ
½ÞËΑĶ˫ÄÞΑê×ËÄΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½ΑĺΑæËΑúΑÚ£ê½æ«ËÄÞΑêÄÚΑ WΑæΑö«æ¨ËêæΑËÃ×ÚËëޫģΑËÄΑæ¨ΑËË×Úα
ative nature and cooperative principles of the banks. The Reserve Bank has given new guidelines allowing
×Ú«ÃÚüΑêÚÄΑËË×Úæ«õΑĺÞΑλf ÞμΑæËΑê£ÃÄæΑ׫æ½Αæ¨ÚË꣨Α«ÞÞêÄΑË¢ΑÙê«æüΑÞ¨ÚÞΡΑ×Ú¢Úα
ÄΑÞ¨ÚÞΑÄΑæΑ«ÄÞæÚêÃÄæÞΠΑb¨Αf ÞΡΑ«æΑÞ«ΡΑËê½ΑÚ«ÞΑÞ¨ÚΑ׫æ½ΑüΑ«ÞÞêΑË¢ΑÙê«æüΑæËΑ×ÚÞËÄÞΑ
ö«æ¨«ÄΑ樫ÚΑÚΑË¢ΑË×Úæ«ËÄΑÄÚ˽½ΑÞΑÃÃÚÞΑÄΑ½ÞËΑæ¨ÚË꣨Α«æ«ËĽΑÙê«æüΑÞ¨ÚÞΑæËΑæ¨Αû«Þæα
«Ä£ΑÃÃÚÞΠΑHence statement 2 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
Motivation
fÚÄΑËË×Úæ«õΑĺÞΑ¨õΑÄΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑêΑæËΑ¢«½êÚÞΑË¢ΑõÚ«ËêÞΑĺÞΑ½«ºΑTêĶΑÄΑA¨ÚÞ¨æÚΑ
ËË×Úæ«õΑ ĺΠΑb¨ΑÚ£ê½æ«ËÄΑ¨Ä£ÞΑöÚΑÃΑÚÄæ½üΑ«ÄΑ樫ÞΑËÄæûæΠ
SOURCE : https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/rbi-is-
sues-draft-circular-on-allowing-ucbs-to-augment-capital-121071400994_1.html
43
Q12. In India, the central bank's function as the 'lender of last resort' usually refers to which of the
following?
1. Lending to trade and industry bodies when they fail to borrow from other sources
2. Providing liquidity to the banks having a temporary crisis
3. Lending to governments to finance budgetary deficits
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
b¨Α WÞÚõΑ ĺΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α öÞΑ Þ潫ިΑ ËÄΑ ×Ú«½Α ͊ΡΑ ͎͊͒͌Α «ÄΑ ËÚÄΑ ö«æ¨Α æ¨Α ×ÚËõ«Þ«ËÄÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α
WÞÚõΑ ĺΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α æΡΑ ͍͊͒͌ΠΑ b¨Ë꣨Α ËÚ«£«Ä½½üΑ ×Ú«õæ½üΑ ËöÄΡΑ Þ«ÄΑ Äæ«ËĽ«Þæ«ËÄΑ «ÄΑ ͍͊͒͒ΡΑ æ¨Α
WÞÚõΑ ĺΑ«ÞΑ¢ê½½üΑËöÄΑüΑæ¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑË¢Α+Ä«ΠΑb¨Α¢êÄæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑÄΑΑæ£Ëα
rised as follows:
AËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑ
W£ê½æ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ Þê×Úõ«Þ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ĺ«Ä£Α ÄΑ ÄËÄαĺ«Ä£Α ĈÄÄ«½Α «ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΡΑ «Ä½ê«Ä£Α Ú«æΑΑ
«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑ
W£ê½æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÃËÄüΡΑ¢ËÚûΑÄΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑÃÚºæÞΑÞΑ½ÞËΑÚæ«ÄΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÚ«õæ«õÞΑ
æΑÄΑÞ¨ΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΑ¢ËÚΑÄæÚ½ΑÄΑ[ææΑ#ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΑ
AÄ£ÃÄæΑË¢Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑû¨Ä£ΑÚÞÚõÞΑ
"ËÚ«£ÄΑû¨Ä£ΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΑδΑêÚÚÄæΑÄΑ׫æ½ΑËêÄæΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΑ
Banker to banks
ĺÚΑæËΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½ΑÄΑ[ææΑ#ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΑ
HõÚÞ«£¨æΑË¢Αæ¨Α×üÃÄæΑÄΑÞææ½ÃÄæΑÞüÞæÃÞΑ
êÚÚÄüΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΑ
õ½Ë×ÃÄæ½ΑÚ˽Α
Research and statistics
ÞΑΑ ĺÚΑæËΑ ĺÞΡΑæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑ½ÞËΑacts as the ‘lender of the last resort’. It can come to the
rescue of a bank that is solvent but faces temporary liquidity problems üΑ Þê××½ü«Ä£Α «æΑ ö«æ¨Α Ãê¨Α
ÄΑ½«Ùê««æüΑö¨ÄΑÄËΑËÄΑ½ÞΑ«ÞΑö«½½«Ä£ΑæËΑûæÄΑÚ«æΑæËΑæ¨æΑĺΠΑb¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑûæÄÞΑ樫ÞΑ
¢«½«æüΑæËΑ×ÚËææΑæ¨Α«ÄæÚÞæΑË¢Αæ¨Α×ËÞ«æËÚÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑĺΑÄΑæËΑ×ÚõÄæΑ×ËÞÞ«½Α¢«½êÚΑË¢Αæ¨ΑĺΡΑ
ö¨«¨Α«ÄΑæêÚÄΑÃüΑ½ÞËΑąæΑËæ¨ÚΑĺÞΑÄΑ«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑÄΑÄΑ¨õΑÄΑõÚÞΑ«Ã×æΑËÄΑĈÄÄ«½Α
Þ櫽«æüΑÄΑæ¨êÞΑËÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑHence option (b) is the correct answer.
44
ANALYSIS:
Þ«Α«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑËêæΑæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«ΡΑæºÄΑ«Úæ½üΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑÞü½½êÞ
Q13. With reference to the 'Banks Board Bureau (BBB)', which of the following statements are
correct?
1. The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of BBB.
2. BBB recommends for the selection of heads of Public Sector Banks.
3. BBB helps the Public Sector Banks in developing strategies and capital raising plans.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
ÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÄËæ«ĈΑæ¨ΑÃÄÃÄæΑæËΑæ¨ΑBæ«ËĽ«ÞΑ ĺÞΑλAÄ£ÃÄæΑÄΑA«Þ½½ÄËêÞΑ
TÚËõ«Þ«ËÄÞμΑ[¨ÃΡΑ͉͊͒͑Α×ÚËõ««Ä£Αæ¨Α½£½Α¢ÚÃöËÚºΑ¢ËÚΑËÃ×ËÞ«æ«ËÄΑÄΑ¢êÄæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α ĺÞΑ ËÚΑ
êÚêΑËÄΑAÚ¨Α͋͌ΡΑ͉͋͊͏ΠΑb¨Α êÚêΑËÚ«Ä£½üΑÞæÚæΑ¢êÄæ«ËÄ«Ä£Α¢ÚËÃΑ×Ú«½Α͉͊ΡΑ͉͋͊͏ΑÞΑÄΑêæËÄËα
ÃËêÞΑÚËÃÃÄæËÚüΑËüΠ
b¨ΑËÚΑËÃ×Ú«ÞÞΑæ¨Α¨«ÚÃÄΡΑæ¨ÚΑûαËĆ«ËΑÃÃÚÞΑ«ΠΑ[ÚæÚüΡΑ×ÚæÃÄæΑË¢ΑT꽫ΑÄæÚ×Ú«Þα
ÞΡΑ[ÚæÚüΑË¢Αæ¨Α×ÚæÃÄæΑË¢Α"«ÄÄ«½Α[Úõ«ÞΑÄΑ×êæüΑ#ËõÚÄËÚΑË¢Αæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«Α
ÄΑæ¨ÚΑû×ÚæΑÃÃÚÞΠΑb¨Α#ËõÚÄËÚΑË¢ΑW +Α«ÞΑÄËæΑ«æÞΑ¨«ÚÃÄΠ Hence statement 1 is not correct.
45
b¨Α ĺÞΑ ËÚΑ êÚêΑ «ÞΑ ÃÄæΑ æËΑ Þ½æΑ ÄΑ ××Ë«ÄæÃÄæΑ ËÚΑ ÃÃÚÞΑ ¢ËÚΑ õÚ«ËêÞΑ ĈÄÄ«½Α
«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑ«ÄΑ×꽫ΑÞæËÚΑ½«ºΑT꽫ΑÞæËÚΑĺÞΡΑ«ÄÞêÚÄΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑ½ÞËΑÚÙê«ÚΑæËΑêÄÚæºΑ
activities in the sphere of governance in these institutions. The functions of the Bureau outlined in the
[æ«ËÄΑ͐λμΑË¢Αæ¨Α[¨ÃΑÄΑ«ÄΑÞêÞÙêÄæΑÃÄÃÄæÞΑÞΑ×ÚΑËÚÚÞΑË¢Α××Ë«ÄæÃÄæΑËÃëææΑË¢Α
æ¨Α«ÄæΑÚ
bËΑÚËÃÃÄΑæ¨ΑÞ½æ«ËÄΑÄΑ××Ë«ÄæÃÄæΑË¢Α ËÚΑË¢Α«ÚæËÚÞΑ«ÄΑAÄæΑ+ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑλr¨Ë½Α
b«ÃΑ«ÚæËÚÞΑÄΑ¨«ÚÃÄμΠΑHence statement 2 is correct.
bËΑõ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÄΑÃææÚÞΑÚ½æ«Ä£ΑæËΑ××Ë«ÄæÃÄæÞΡΑËÄĈÚÃæ«ËÄΑËÚΑûæÄÞ«ËÄΑË¢Α
æÄêÚΑÄΑæÚëÄæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÞÚõ«ÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α«ÚæËÚÞΑË¢ΑÃÄæΑ«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΠ
bËΑõ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÞ«ÚΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΑÞæÚêæêÚΑË¢ΑÃÄæΑ«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΡΑæΑ
æ¨Α½õ½ΑË¢Α ËÚΑË¢Α«ÚæËÚÞΑÄΑÞÄ«ËÚΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΠ
bËΑõ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÄΑΑÞê«æ½Α×Ú¢ËÚÃÄΑ××Ú«Þ½ΑÞüÞæÃΑ¢ËÚΑÃÄæΑ«ÄÞæ«æêα
tions.
bËΑ ꫽Α Α æΑ ĺΑ ËÄæ«Ä«Ä£Α æΑ Ú½æ«Ä£Α æËΑ æ¨Α ×Ú¢ËÚÃÄΑ Ë¢Α ÃÄæΑ «ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑ ÄΑ «æÞΑ
ËĆÚÞΠ
bËΑõ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÄΑæ¨Α¢ËÚÃê½æ«ËÄΑÄΑÄ¢ËÚÃÄæΑË¢ΑΑËΑË¢ΑËÄêæΑÄΑ樫ÞΑ
¢ËÚΑÃÄ£Ú«½Α×ÚÞËÄĽΑ«ÄΑÃÄæΑ«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΠ
bËΑõ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÄΑõ˽õ«Ä£ΑÞê«æ½ΑæÚ«Ä«Ä£ΑÄΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ×ÚË£ÚÃÞΑ¢ËÚΑÃÄ£α
Ú«½Α×ÚÞËÄĽΑ«ÄΑÃÄæΑ«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΠ
bËΑ¨½×Αæ¨ΑĺÞΑ«ÄΑæÚÃÞΑË¢Αõ½Ë׫ģΑêÞ«ÄÞÞΑÞæÚ棫ÞΑÄΑ׫æ½ΑÚ«Þ«Ä£Α×½ÄΠ Hence statement
3 is correct.
ÄüΑËæ¨ÚΑöËÚºΑÞÞ«£ÄΑüΑæ¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ«ÄΑËÄÞê½ææ«ËÄΑö«æ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«Π
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέĺÞËÚêÚêΠËÚ£Π«ÄέêÚêα×ÚËĈ½έ
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/gov-
ernment-to-soon-approve-recast-of-banks-board-bureau/articleshow/91574167.cms
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corpo-
rate-trends/banks-board-bureau-recommends-names-for-chiefs-of-psu-banks/articleshow
/90275752.cms
Please Note:
In the explanation to the 2019 question, it has been mentioned that the BBB has been
replaced by Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB)
46
PAYMENT ECOSYSTEM
(06 Questions)
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
λBT+μΑ«ÞΑÄΑêÃÚ½½ΑËڣīāæ«ËÄΑ¢ËÚΑ½½ΑÚ櫽Α×üÃÄæÞΑÞüÞæÃΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΠΑ+æΑöÞΑÞæΑê×Αö«æ¨Αæ¨Α£ê«ÄΑ
ÄΑÞê××ËÚæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑλW +μΑÄΑ+Ä«ÄΑ ĺÞϐΑÞÞË«æ«ËÄΑλ+ μΠ
b¨ΑËÚΑ˶æ«õΑöÞΑæËΑËÄÞ˽«æΑÄΑ«Äæ£ÚæΑæ¨ΑÃê½æ«×½ΑÞüÞæÃÞΑö«æ¨ΑõÚü«Ä£ΑÞÚõ«Α½õ½ÞΑ«ÄæËΑ
Äæ«ËÄαö«ΑêÄ«¢ËÚÃΑÄΑÞæÄÚΑêÞ«ÄÞÞΑ×ÚËÞÞΑ¢ËÚΑ½½ΑÚ櫽Α×üÃÄæΑÞüÞæÃÞΠΑb¨ΑËæ¨ÚΑ˶æ«õΑ
öÞΑæËΑ¢«½«ææΑÄΑąËÚ½Α×üÃÄæΑèīÞÃΑæËΑÄĈæΑæ¨ΑËÃÃËÄΑÃÄΑÚËÞÞΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΑÄΑ
¨½×ΑĈÄÄ«½Α«Ä½êÞ«ËÄΠΑHence statement 1 is correct.
+æΑ ËąÚÞΑ ÃÄüΑ ×ÚËêæÞΑ ÄΑ ÞÚõ«ÞΑ ö¨«¨Α «Ä½êΑ WêTüΑ ÚΡΑ (+AΑ ××ΡΑ fÄ«ĈΑ ×üÃÄæΑ «ÄæÚ¢Α
ÃËÄ£ΑËæ¨ÚÞΠΑHence statement 2 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
BËæΑËõÚΑ«ÄΑÄüΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞÞÄ櫽ΑAæÚ«½ΡΑêæΑÞê¨ΑæË׫ÞΑË¢æÄΑ××ÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΠΑËõÚΑ«æΑÞΑ
×ÚæΑË¢ΑBöÞ××ÚΑÄΑêÚÚÄæΑą«ÚÞΑÞΑBT+Α«ÞΑÚ£ê½Ú½üΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑ¢ËÚΑÞËÃΑËÚΑæ¨ΑËæ¨ÚΑ«Ä«æ«æ«õΠΑb¨Α
«£«æ½Α×üÃÄæΑ¨ÞΑËÄæ«ÄêËêÞ½üΑÚëÄΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑÄΑBT+Α«ÞΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÃËÞæΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑ
associated with it.
47
V͋ΠΑr¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α«ÞΑΑÃËÞæΑ½«º½üΑËÄÞÙêÄΑË¢Α«Ã×½ÃÄæ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑϏfÄ«ĈΑTüÃÄæÞΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑ
Interface (UPI)?
(a) Mobile wallets with not be necessary for online payments.
(b) Digital currency will totally replace the physical currency in about two decades.
(c) FDI inflows will drastically increase.
(d) Direct transfer of subsidies to poor people will become very effective.
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
fT+Α«ÞΑΑ×üÃÄæΑÞüÞæÃΑæ¨æΑ½½ËöÞΑÃËÄüΑæÚÄÞ¢ÚΑæöÄΑÄüΑæöËΑĺΑËêÄæÞΑüΑêÞ«Ä£ΑΑÞÃÚæα
רËÄΠΑfT+Α½½ËöÞΑΑêÞæËÃÚΑæËΑ×üΑ«Úæ½üΑ¢ÚËÃΑΑĺΑËêÄæΑæËΑ«ąÚÄæΑÃÚ¨ÄæÞΡΑËæ¨ΑËĽ«ÄΑÄΑ
Ëć«ÄΡΑ ö«æ¨ËêæΑ æ¨Α ¨ÞÞ½Α Ë¢Α æü׫ģΑ Ú«æΑ ÚΑ 櫽ÞΡΑ +"[Α ËΡΑ ËÚΑ ÄæΑ ĺ«Ä£έö½½æΑ ×ÞÞöËÚÞΠΑ
Hence option (a) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
Þ׫½½üΡΑ Þ«ÄΑ æ¨Α æ«ÃΑ Ë¢Α ÃËÄæ«āæ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ õÚΑ Þ«ÄΑ æ¨Α #ËõÚÄÃÄæϐÞΑ ąËÚæÞΑ æËΑ æºΑ Þæ×ÞΑ
æËöÚÞΑΑϏÞ¨½ÞÞΑËÄËÃüϐΡΑTüÃÄæΑËÞüÞæÃΑ¨ÞΑÄΑΑÚêÚÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ÃΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέËÄËÃüέr¨æα«ÞαfÄ«ĈαTüα
ment-Interface/article14593189.ece
48
Q3. Which one of the following best describes the term "Merchant Discount Rate" sometimes seen
in news?
(a) The incentive given by a bank to a merchant for accepting payments through debit cards pertaining to that
bank.
(b) The amount paid back by banks to their customers when they use debit cards for financial transactions for
purchaing goods or services.
(c) The charge to a merchant by a bank for accepting payments from his customers through the bank's debit cards.
(d) The incentive given by the Government to merchants for promoting digital payments by their customers
through Point of Sale (PoS) machines and debit cards.
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
AÚ¨ÄæΑ«ÞËêÄæΑWæΑ«ÞΑΑ¢Α¨Ú£Α¢ÚËÃΑΑÃÚ¨ÄæΑüΑΑĺΑ¢ËÚΑ×æ«Ä£Α×üÃÄæÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑêÞæËÃα
ÚÞΑ æ¨ÚË꣨Α Ú«æΑ ÄΑ «æΑ ÚÞΑ «ÄΑ 樫ÚΑ Þ潫ިÃÄæÞΠΑ +æΑ ËÃ×ÄÞæÞΑ æ¨Α ÚΑ «ÞÞê«Ä£Α ĺΡΑ æ¨Α
½ÄÚΑö¨«¨Α×êæÞΑæ¨ΑTË[ΑæÚëĽΑÄΑ×üÃÄæΑ£æöüÞΑÞê¨ΑÞΑAÞæÚÚΑËÚΑq«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑ樫ÚΑÞÚõ«ÞΠΑ
AWΑ ¨Ú£ÞΑ ÚΑ êÞê½½üΑ Þ¨ÚΑ «ÄΑ ×Úα£ÚΑ ×ÚË×ËÚæ«ËÄΑ æöÄΑ æ¨Α ĺΑ ÄΑ Α ÃÚ¨ÄæΑ ÄΑ «ÞΑ
û×ÚÞÞΑ«ÄΑ×ÚÄæ£ΑË¢ΑæÚÄÞæ«ËÄΑÃËêÄæΠΑHence option (c) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
¢æÚΑÃËÄæ«āæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑBËõÃÚΑ͉͋͊͏ΡΑæ¨ΑêÞΑË¢ΑÞ¨½ÞÞΑÃËΑË¢Α×üÃÄæÞΑ«ÄÚÞΑÄΑAÚ¨ÄæΑ
«ÞËêÄæΑWæΑ¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΠ
SOURCE : https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/rbi-reduces-mer-
chant-discount-rates-for-debit-cards/article21284463.ece
Please Note:
*Although the theme seems easy now (in 2023), it was not as prevalent a concept in 2018 as
it is today.
49
Q4. Which one of the following links all the ATMs in India
(a) Indian Banks' Association
(b) National Securities Depository Limited
(c) National Payments Corporation of India
(d) Reserve Bank of India
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
Bæ«ËĽΑ"«ÄÄ«½Α[ö«æ¨ΑλB"[μΑbAΑÄæöËÚºΑ¨õ«Ä£Α͌͐ΑÃÃÚÞΑÄΑËÄÄæ«Ä£ΑËêæΑ͎͉Ρ͉͉͉ΑbAÞΑöÞΑ
æºÄΑËõÚΑüΑBT+Α¢ÚËÃΑ+ÄÞæ«æêæΑ¢ËÚΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑÄΑWÞÚ¨Α«ÄΑ ĺ«Ä£Αb¨Ä˽ˣüΑλ+W bμΑËÄΑÃα
ÚΑ͍͊ΡΑ͉͉͋͒ΠΑb¨êÞΑB"[Α«ÞΑÚêÄΑüΑæ¨ΑBæ«ËĽΑTüÃÄæÞΑËÚ×ËÚæ«ËÄΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑλBT+μΠΑHence option (c) is
the correct answer.
HõÚΑæ¨ΑÞ×ÄΑË¢Α¢öΑüÚÞΡΑB"[ΑbAΑÄæöËÚºΑ¨ÞΑ£ÚËöÄΑÃÄüΑ¢Ë½ÞΑÄΑ«ÞΑÄËöΑæ¨Α½«Ä£ΑÃê½æ«½æÚ½Α
bAΑÄæöËÚºΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΠΑÞΑËÄΑ͌͊ÞæΑê£êÞæϐΑ͊͐ΡΑæ¨ÚΑöÚΑ͍͒͊ΑÃÃÚÞΑæ¨æΑ«Ä½êÞΑ͉͊͊Α«ÚæΡΑ͐͐͏Α
[êΑÃÃÚÞΡΑ͎͏ΑWW ÞΑÄΑ͑Αr;HÞΑêÞ«Ä£ΑB"[ΑÄæöËÚºΑËÄÄæΑæËΑÃËÚΑæ¨ÄΑ͋Π͌͐Α;ΑbAΠΑB"[Α¨ÞΑ
Þ潫ިΑ Α ÞæÚËÄ£Α ÄΑ ÞêÞæ«Ä½Α Ë×Úæ«ËĽΑ Ã˽Α ö«æ¨Α «Äα¨ËêÞΑ ׫½«æ«ÞΑ ÄΑ æËüΑ ÄΑ Α
ËÃ×ÚΑæΑ×ÚΑö«æ¨ΑËæ¨ÚΑöËÚΑÄΑö½½αÞ潫ިΑÞö«æ¨ΑÄæöËÚºÞΠΑb¨ΑË×Úæ«ËĽΑ¢êÄæ«ËÄÞΑÄΑ
ÞÚõ«ÞΑÚΑæΑ×ÚΑö«æ¨ΑÃËÞæΑË¢Αæ¨Α£½Ë½ΑbAΑÄæöËÚºÞΠ
ANALYSIS:
Not much scope but still if the functions and roles of the other bodies are known to some extent, one
can easily eliminate options A, B and D.
SOURCE : https://www.thehindu.com/business/NPCI-tightens-securi-
ty-as-criminals-target-ATMs-e-banking/article60481538.ece
ÄΑûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑËõΑÚ櫽
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
As since the demonetisation, the dependence on UPI-based payment system especially BHIM had
tremendously increased, 樫ÞΑ «ÞΑ ÃËÚΑ ÄΑ ××½«æ«ËÄαæü×Α Ë¢Α ÙêÞæ«ËÄΠΑ (ÄΑ «æΑ æÞæΑ æ¨Α ×Ú櫽Α
ºÄËö½£ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞ׫ÚÄæΠΑ[ææÃÄæΑ͋Α«ÞΑËõ«ËêÞ½üΑ«ÄËÚÚæΑõÄΑ«¢ΑöΑ¶êÞæΑºÄËöΑæ¨æΑΑ«æΑÚΑ¨ÞΑΑ
͋α½õ½ΑÞêÚ«æüΑÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ͊Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΠ
Motivation
êΑ æËΑ æ¨Α ×Úõ½ÄΑ Ë¢Α Þ¨½ÞÞΑ ÃËÞΑ Ë¢Α ×üÃÄæΑ ÄΑ ½ÞËΑ æ¨Α ąËÚæÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α £ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ æËΑ
lessen the use of hard cash.
How to cover? Reliance on practical knowledge. UPSC has repeatedly tested this.
51
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
b¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺÞΑ«Úæ«õΑÚ½æΑæËΑ[æËÚ£ΑË¢ΑTüÃÄæΑ[üÞæÃΑæΑ×ÚËõ«ÞΑæ¨æΑ
All system providers shall ensure that the entire data relating to payment systems operated by them
are stored in a system only in India.Αb¨«ÞΑæΑÞ¨Ëê½Α«Ä½êΑæ¨Α¢ê½½ΑÄαæËαÄΑæÚÄÞæ«ËÄΑ櫽ÞΑέΑ
«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑ˽½æΑέΑÚÚ«ΑέΑ×ÚËÞÞΑÞΑ×ÚæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÃÞÞ£ΑέΑ×üÃÄæΑ«ÄÞæÚêæ«ËÄΠΑ"ËÚΑæ¨Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ
½£ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑæÚÄÞæ«ËÄΡΑ«¢ΑÄüΡΑæ¨ΑæΑÄΑ½ÞËΑΑÞæËÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑËêÄæÚüΡΑ«¢ΑÚÙê«ÚΠ
[üÞæÃΑ×ÚËõ«ÚÞΑÞ¨½½ΑÄÞêÚΑËÃ×½«ÄΑË¢Αλ«μΑËõΑö«æ¨«ÄΑΑ×Ú«ËΑË¢ΑÞ«ûΑÃËÄæ¨ÞΑÄΑÚ×ËÚæΑËÃ×½«ÄΑ
Ë¢Αæ¨ΑÞÃΑæËΑæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑ½æÞæΑüΑHæËÚΑ͎͊ΡΑ͉͋͊͑Π
[üÞæÃΑ ×ÚËõ«ÚÞΑ Þ¨½½Α ÞêëæΑ æ¨Α [üÞæÃΑ ê«æΑ W×ËÚæΑ λ[WμΑ ËÄΑ ËÃ×½æ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ÚÙê«ÚÃÄæΑ æΑ λ«μΑ
above. The audit should be conducted by CERT-IN empaneled auditors certifying completion of activi-
ty atΑλ«μΑËõΠΑ
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠÚ«ΠËÚ£Π«ÄέÞÚ«×æÞέBËæ«Ĉæ«ËÄfÞÚΠÞ×ûΧ+Ͻ͍͍͊͊͋
52
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
+Äĉæ«ËÄΑÄΑΑÞÚ«ΑÞΑæ¨Α£ÄÚ½ΑÚ«ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×Ú«ΑË¢Α£ËËÞΑÄΑÞÚõ«ÞΑ«ÄΑÄΑËÄËÃüΑËõÚΑæ«ÃΠΑ
+æΑ«ÞΑ½ê½æΑüΑæÚº«Ä£Αæ¨Α«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑ×Ú«ÞΑË¢ΑÞÞÄ櫽ÞΠΑ
b¨ΑAæ¨ËÞΑbËΑ½ê½æΑ+Äĉæ«ËÄΑ
CPI:Αb¨Α×Ú«ÃÚüΑ«ÄûΑæ¨æΑæÚºÞΑæ¨Α¨Ä£Α«ÄΑÚ櫽Α×Ú«ÞΑË¢ΑÞÞÄ櫽Α£ËËÞΑÄΑÞÚõ«ÞΑËÄÞêÃΑ
üΑ+Ä«ÄΑ¨Ëêި˽ÞΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃÚΑTÚ«Α+ÄûΑËÚΑT+ΠΑ+æΑÞ¨ËöÞΑæ¨Α«Ã×æΑË¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑËÄΑ×Ë×½ΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑ
½öüÞΑêÞΑ¢ËÚΑÚÄÞÞΑ½½ËöÄΠΑBËöΡΑ«æΑ«ÞΑ½ÞËΑ«Ä£ΑêÞΑ¢ËÚΑÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑ¢ËÚÃê½æ«ËÄΠΑ
͉͉͋Α#ËËÞΑÄΑÞÚõ«ÞΑÚΑæºÄαΑ+æΑ«ÞΑΑÞ½æΑÞºæΑË¢Α£ËËÞΑÄΑÞÚõ«ÞΠΑb¨Αö«£¨æ£ΑË¢Α¢ËËΑ
«ÄΑæ¨ΑT+Α«ÞΑ½ËÞΑæËΑ͎͉АΑλb¨Αö«£¨æ£Α¢ËÚΑ¢ËËΑ«ÞΑ½ËöÚΑ«ÄΑrT+μΠΑHence statement 1 is correct.
WPI:Αr¨«½ΑÚ櫽Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ½Ë˺ÞΑæΑæ¨Α×Ú«ΑæΑö¨«¨Αæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃÚΑêüÞΑæ¨Α×ÚËêæΡΑrT+Α«ÞΑÃÞêÚΑ
ÞΑËÄΑ×Ú«ÞΑæΑæ¨Αö¨Ë½Þ½Α½õ½ΠΑrT+ΑÃÞêÚÞΑæ¨Α¨Ä£ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×Ú«ÞΑË¢Α£ËËÞΑÞ˽ΑÄΑæÚΑ
«ÄΑ꽺ΑüΑö¨Ë½Þ½ΑêÞ«ÄÞÞÞΑæËΑËæ¨ÚΑêÞ«ÄÞÞÞΠΑ+æΑÚĉæÞΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑ«ÄΑ£ÄÚ½έΑ
£ÄÚ½Α½õ½ΑË¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑËÚΑ×Ú«Α½õ½Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑ
ÄËæ¨ÚΑ«ąÚÄΑæöÄΑæ¨ΑæöËΑ«Ä«ÞΑ«ÞΑæ¨æΑæ¨Αö¨Ë½Þ½ΑÃÚºæΑ«ÞΑËĽüΑ¢ËÚΑ£ËËÞΡΑüËêΑÄÄËæΑ
êüΑÞÚõ«ÞΑËÄΑΑö¨Ë½Þ½ΑÞ«ÞΠΑ[ËΑrT+ΑËÞΑÄËæΑ«Ä½êΑÞÚõ«ÞΡΑö¨ÚÞΑæ¨ΑÚ櫽Α×Ú«Α«ÄûΑËÞΠΑ
rT+ΡΑêĽ«ºΑæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃÚΑTÚ«Α+ÄûΑλT+μΡΑËĽüΑæÚºÞΑæ¨Α×Ú«ÞΑË¢Α£ËËÞΑ×êÚ¨ÞΑüΑËÄÞêÃÚÞΠ
Hence statement 2 is correct.
53
͏͒͐Α£ËËÞΑÚΑæºÄΑTÚ«ÃÚüΑ£ËËÞΡΑ"ê½ΑÄΑ×ËöÚΑÄΑAÄê¢æêÚ«Ä£Α£ËËÞΡΑæ¨Α½ææÚΑ«Ä£Α£«õÄΑæ¨Α
Ãû«ÃêÃΑö«£¨æ£Αλ͏͍Π͋͌АμΠΑ
rT+ΑËÞΑÄËæΑÞ¨ËöΑæ¨Α«Ã×æΑË¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑËÄΑæ¨Α×Ë×½ΠΑÄüΑ×˽«üΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α«Ã×æΑËÄΑæ¨Α
×Ë×½Α««μΑrT+ΑËÞΑÄËæΑËêÄæΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α×Ú«Α«ÄΑÞÚõ«ÞΑ«««μΑ+æΑ«ÞΑÄΑ«ÄæÚÄæ«ËĽΑÞæΑ×Úæ«ΑαΑÃËÞæΑË¢Α
æ¨ΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑ¨õΑÞ¨«¢æΑæËΑT+Π Hence statement 3 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
+æΑ«ÞΑΑÞæÄÚΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑÚ½æΑæËΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄ
SOURCE : Not covered in the NCERT Macroeconomics book, but can be covered from
http://arthapedia.in/index.php/Consumer_Price_Index
Q2. Which among the following steps is most likely to be taken at the time of an economic
recession?
(a) Cut in tax rates accompanied by increase in interest rate
(b) Increase in expenditure on public projects
(c) Increase in tax rates accompanied by reduction of interest rate
(d) Reduction of expenditure on public projects
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
WÞÞ«ËÄΑb¨Ä«½ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑΑÞ«æêæ«ËÄΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑ¨ÚæÚ«āΑüΑÄ£æ«õΑ£ÚËöæ¨ΑÚæΑË¢Α#TΑ«ÄΑæöËΑ
ÞêÞÞ«õΑÙêÚæÚÞΠΑ[ËÃΑË¢Αæ¨Α«Ä«æËÚÞΑË¢ΑΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΑ«Ä½êΑÞ½ËöËöÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΡΑ¢½½Α«ÄΑ«ÄõÞæα
ÃÄæÞΡΑ¢½½Α «ÄΑæ¨Α Ëêæ×êæΑ Ë¢Αæ¨Α ËÄËÃüΑ æΠΑ +¢Α ÄΑ ËÄËÃüΑ û×Ú«ÄÞΑ Α ÚÞÞ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ #TΑ¢½½ÞΡΑæûΑ
ÚõÄêÞΑ¢½½ΑêÞΑĈÚÃÞΑÄΑ¨Ëêި˽ÞΑ×üΑ½ËöÚΑæûÞΑö¨ÄΑæ¨üΑÚÄΑ½ÞÞΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑ×ÚêÄæΑ¢ËÚΑ£ËõÚÄα
ÃÄæΑÞΑö½½ΑÞΑÄæÚ½ΑĺΑæËΑ¢Ë½½ËöΑû×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑĈÞ½ΑÄΑÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑÚÞ×æ«õ½üΑæËΑÞæ«Ãê½æΑæ¨Α
ËÄËÃüΡΑêæΑº×«Ä£Α«ÄΑëÄΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄÚüΑ×ÚÞÞêÚΠΑ
54
In all the given options- Cut in tax rates accompanied by increase in interest rate- Increase in interest
ÚæΑÚÞê½æÞΑ«ÄæËΑÚ«æΑÚêĨΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑÄËæΑÞ«Ú½ΑæΑæ¨Αæ«ÃΑË¢ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΠΑIncrease in
expenditure on public projects-Α+æΑ«ÞΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑæË˽ΑæËΑÞæ«Ãê½æΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑæΑæ¨Αæ«ÃΑË¢ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΡΑÞΑ
«æΑ æÚ«££ÚÞΑ æ¨Α õ«ÚæêËêÞΑ ü½Α Ë¢Α «ÄõÞæÃÄæΡΑ ö¨«¨Α ½ÞΑ æËΑ «ÄÚÞΑ «ÄΑ #TΑ λ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α £ËËÞΑ ϞΑ
ÞÚõ«ÞμΑÄΑ«ÄËÃΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑÄΑ«ÄΑæêÚÄΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑÃÄΡΑÄΑæ¨êÞΑËÃ×½æÞΑæ¨Αõ«ÚæêËêÞΑ
ü½ΠΑIncrease in tax rates accompanied by reduction of interest rate- Increase in tax rate is not desir-
½ΑæΑæ¨Αæ«ÃΑË¢ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΑÞΑ«ÄËÃΑ«ÞΑ¢½½«Ä£Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑReduction of expenditure on public
projects-Α+æΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑÞ«Ú½ΑæΑæ¨Αæ«ÃΑË¢ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΑÞΑ«æΑö«½½Α½ΑæËΑ½ÞÞΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑû×Ä«æêÚΑæ¨ÚüΑ
ÄËæΑËÄæÚ«êæ«Ä£ΑÃê¨ΑæËΑËêæ×êæΠΑHence (b) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
Please Note:
AËÞæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÃÞêÚÞΑæËΑËÄæÚ˽Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑËÃΑêÄÚΑ"«Þ½ΑT˽«üΑËÚΑAËÄæÚüΑT˽«üΡΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑ
ö¨üΑæËΑõË«ΑËÄ¢êÞ«ËÄΑÚ£Ú«Ä£Α«æÞΑ½ÞÞĈ«æ«ËÄΡΑÞËÃΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ¨õΑÄΑ×êæΑÞ×Úæ½üΑ
under a topic called ‘INFLATION’
V͌ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑ+Ä«ÄΑËÄËÃüΡΑÃÄα×ê½½Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑÄΑΑêÞέ«ÄÚÞΑüΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Α
the following?
1. Expansionary policies
2. Fiscal stimulus
3. Inflation-indexing wages
4. Higher purchasing power
5. Rising interest rates
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 3, 4 and 5 only
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
(d)1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
ANSWERS A
55
EXPLANATION
ÃÄΑTê½½Α+Äĉæ«ËÄΑb¨«ÞΑæü×ΑË¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑêÞΑüΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑÃÄΑÄΑö¨ÄΑæ¨ΑÃÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α
ËÄËÃüΑËêæ£ÚËöÞΑæ¨ΑÞê××½üΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑb¨«ÞΑº«ÄΑË¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑÄΑΑÞÚ«ΑüΑύæËËΑÃê¨ΑÃËÄüΑ
¨Þ«Ä£ΑæËËΑ¢öΑ£ËËÞώΠΑHÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÚÞËÄÞΑ¢ËÚΑÃÄΑ×ê½½Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑÄΑΑæ¨Α«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΡΑ
üΑöüΑË¢Α«ÄÚÞΑÞ½ÚüΡΑ«ÄÚÞΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑû×Ä«æêÚΑæΠΑ
û×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑ ĈÞ½Α ×˽«üΑ «ÞΑ ĈÄΑ ÞΑ ÄΑ «ÄÚÞΑ «ÄΑ £ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ û×Ä«æêÚÞΑ ÄέËÚΑ Α ÚÞΑ «ÄΑ
æûÞΠΑ û×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑ ÃËÄæÚüΑ ×˽«üΑ «ÄÚÞÞΑ æ¨Α Þê××½üΑ Ë¢Α ÃËÄüΑ «ÄΑ ÄΑ ËÄËÃüΑ üΑ ú«Ä£Α Ú«æΑ
Þê××½üΑÞ«½üΑõ«½½ΠΑÞËΑû×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑ×˽«üΑÄΑêÞΑÃÄΑ×ê½½Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑHence
option 1 is correct.
"«Þ½ΑÞæ«Ãê½êÞαΑ«æΑ«ÞΑæ¨Α×ÚæΑË¢Αû×ÄÞ«ËÄÚüΑ×˽««ÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑêÞΑüΑæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑæËΑ
Þæ«Ãê½æΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑüΑöüΑË¢ΑæûΑÚæÞΡΑõÚ«ËêÞΑ«ÄÄæ«õÞΡΑÞæ«Ãê½æΑ×Ú«õæΑÞæËÚΑËÄËëΑæ«õ«α
æ«ÞΑæ¨êÞΑ¶ËΑÚæ«ËÄΡΑæΠΑ[ËΑ«æΑÄΑ½ÞËΑ½ΑæËΑÃÄΑTê½½Α+Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑHence option 2 is
correct.
+Äĉæ«ËÄα«Äû«Ä£Αö£ÞΡΑö£ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑ«ÞΑ½«ÄºΑæËΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑö¨«¨ΑÃÄÞΑö£ΑÃËõÞΑÞΑ
«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ¨Ä£ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑ[ê¨Α«Äû«Ä£Α«ÞΑ×ÚËõ«ΑæËΑÚêΑæ¨ΑąæΑË¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑËÄΑö£ÞΠΑ"ËÚΑ
ûÃ×½αΑΑöËÚºÚΑ«ÞΑ£ææ«Ä£Α͉͉͊ΑÚÞΑÞΑΑö£ΑÄΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑ«ÄÚÞÞΑæËΑ͎АΡΑÞËΑö£ΑË¢Αæ¨Α
öËÚºÚΑ«ÄÚÞÞΑüΑ͎АΑ«ΠΠΑ͉͎͊ΠΑ[ËΑąæ«õΑ¨Ä£Α«ÄΑæ¨Αö£ÞΑ«ÞΑāÚËΑÄΑ«æΑËÞΑÄËæΑ«ÄÚÞέÚÞΑ
×êÚ¨Þ«Ä£Α ×ËöÚΠΑ [ËΡΑ «æΑ ÄÄËæΑ ½Α æËΑ ÃÄΑ ×ê½½Α «Äĉæ«ËÄΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α ËÄËÃüΠΑ Hence option 3 is not
correct.
+¢Α×êÚ¨Þ«Ä£Α×ËöÚΑ«ÄÚÞÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑλ¢ËÚΑûÃ×½Α×Úõ«ËêÞ½üΑΑ¨Ëêި˽Α¨ÞΑÄΑ«ÄËÃΑË¢Α͉͉͊Α
ÚÞΑÄΑËêæΑË¢Αæ¨æΑ͎͉ΑÚÞΑ«ÞΑÞ×Ä«Ä£ΡΑ«¢Αæ¨ΑÞ×Ä«Ä£Α׫æüΑË¢Α樫ÞΑ¨Ëêި˽Α«ÄÚÞÞΑæËΑ͏͉ΑÚÞΑæ¨ÄΑ«æΑ
ÄΑÃÄΑÃËÚΑ£ËËÞέÞÚõ«ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠμΑÄΑ«æΑÄΑ½ΑæËΑÃÄΑ×ê½½Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËα
ÃüΠΑHence option 4 is correct.
W«Þ«Ä£Α«ÄæÚÞæΑÚæÞΑ+æΑÚÞÞΑæ¨ΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑb¨«ÞΑÃüΑÚÞê½æΑ«ÄΑÚ«æΑÚêĨΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α
ËÄËÃüΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑËÞ潫ÚΑæËΑËÚÚËöΑÃËÄüΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑÄΑ«æΑ½ÞΑæËΑÚÞΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΠΑ[ËΡΑ«æΑ
ÄÄËæΑêÞΑÃÄΑ×ê½½Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠ Hence option 5 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : This concept has not been dealth with in the NCERT Macroeconomics book. One can refer to
Britannica, Investopedia or Wikipedia.
56
Q4. In India, which one of the following is responsible for maintaining price stability by controlling
«Äĉæ«ËÄΧ
(a) Department of Consumer Affairs
(b) Expenditure Management Commission
(c) Financial Stability and Development Council
(d) Reserve Bank of India
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
b¨Α WÞÚõΑ ĺΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α λW +μΑ «ÞΑ õÞæΑ ö«æ¨Α æ¨Α ÚÞ×ËÄÞ««½«æüΑ Ë¢Α ËÄêæ«Ä£Α ÃËÄæÚüΑ ×˽«üΠΑ b¨«ÞΑ
ÚÞ×ËÄÞ««½«æüΑ«ÞΑû×½««æ½üΑÃÄæΑêÄÚΑæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑæΡΑ͍͊͒͌ΠΑb¨Α×Ú«ÃÚüΑ˶æ«õΑË¢Α
ÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑ«ÞΑæËΑëÄæ«ÄΑ×Ú«ΑÞ櫽«æüΑö¨«½Αº×«Ä£Α«ÄΑëÄΑæ¨Α˶æ«õΑË¢Α£ÚËöæ¨ΠΑTÚ«ΑÞ櫽«æüΑ
«ÞΑΑÄÞÞÚüΑ×ÚËÄ«æ«ËÄΑæËΑÞêÞæ«Ä½Α£ÚËöæ¨Π
b¨ΑATΑλAËÄæÚüΑT˽«üΑËÃëææμΑæÚëÄÞΑæ¨Α×˽«üΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑÚæΑÚÙê«ÚΑæËΑ¨«õΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ
æÚ£æΠΑb¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺϐÞΑAËÄæÚüΑT˽«üΑ×ÚæÃÄæΑλATμΑÞÞ«ÞæÞΑæ¨ΑATΑ«ÄΑ¢ËÚÃê½æ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÃËÄα
æÚüΑ×˽«üΠΑq«öÞΑË¢ΑºüΑÞ溨˽ÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΡΑÄΑĽü櫽ΑöËÚºΑË¢Αæ¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑËÄæÚ«êæΑ
æËΑæ¨Α×ÚËÞÞΑ¢ËÚΑÚÚ«õ«Ä£ΑæΑæ¨Α«Þ«ËÄΑËÄΑæ¨Α×˽«üΑÚ×ËΑÚæΠΑb¨Α"«ÄÄ«½ΑAÚºæÞΑH×Úæ«ËÄÞΑ×Úæα
ÃÄæΑλ"AHμΑË¢ΑW +ΑË×Úæ«ËĽ«ÞÞΑæ¨ΑÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΡΑëĽüΑæ¨ÚË꣨ΑüαæËαüΑ½«Ùê««æüΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΑ
Ë×Úæ«ËÄÞΠΑb¨Α"«ÄÄ«½ΑAÚºæÞΑËÃëææΑλ"AμΑÃæÞΑ«½üΑæËΑÚõ«öΑæ¨Α½«Ùê««æüΑËÄ«æ«ËÄÞΑÞËΑÞΑæËΑ
ÄÞêÚΑæ¨æΑæ¨ΑË×Úæ«Ä£ΑæÚ£æΑË¢Αæ¨Αö«£¨æΑõÚ£Α½½ΑÃËÄüΑÚæΑλrWμΑ«ÞΑ½«£ÄΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑÚ×ËΑ
rate.
b¨ÚΑÚΑÞõÚ½Α«ÚæΑÄΑ«Ä«ÚæΑ«ÄÞæÚêÃÄæÞΑæ¨æΑÚΑêÞΑüΑW +Α¢ËÚΑ«Ã×½ÃÄæ«Ä£ΑÃËÄæÚüΑ×˽«üΑ
¢ËÚΑ×Ú«ΑÞ櫽«æüΑüΑº×«Ä£Α¨ºΑËÄΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΑÞê¨ΑÞΑW×ËΑÚæΡΑWõÚÞΑÚ×ËΡΑH×ÄΑÃÚºæΑË×Úæ«ËÄÞΡΑ
;«Ùê««æüΑ¶êÞæÃÄæΑ¢«½«æüΡΑæΠΑ"ËÚΑûÃ×½ΡΑW +ΑËÞΑ«æΑüΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÚ×ËΑÚæΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΡΑ«¢Α
«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ¨«£¨ΠΑ+ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑÚæΑ«ÞΑ½«õΑæËΑÚ«Ä£ΑËöÄΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ½õ½Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑüΑ
êÚ櫽«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÃËêÄæΑË¢ΑËÄËëΑæ«õ«æüΑö¨ÚÞΑÚÞ«Ä£Αæ¨Α«ÄæÚÞæΑÚæΑ«ÄÚÞÞΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ
½õ½ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑüΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑËÄËëΑæ«õ«æüΠ Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FS_Overview.aspx?fn=2752
57
wwww.visionias.in
͍͑͏͉͉͑͋͋͋͋ΡΑ͉͉͒͊͒͏͏͉͏͏
What is PT 365?
Ease of Revision: Content categorisation is Crisp Material: Crisp points have been used in
based on subjects or topics to make it easier for the articles. It allows aspirants to easily do
aspirants to locate and revise specific areas multiple revisions in limited span of time.
Value Addition: Includes infographics, related Integrated Approach: Covers basic concepts
developments, or news, ensuring comprehensive
coverage of important information. manner, in line with previous trends of UPSC
questions. Also helps in integrating key current
PT 365 is a time and tested document. In the previous years, it has helped lakhs of
Q1. What is/are the most likely the advantages of implementing ‘Goods and Services Tax (GST)’?
1. It will replace multiple taxes collected by multiple authorities and will thus create a single market in India.
2. It will drastically reduce the ‘Current Account Deficit’ of India and will enable it to increase its foreign exchange
reserves.
3. It will enormously increase the growth and size of economy of India and will enable it to overtake China in the
near future.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
#[bΑ«ÞΑËÄΑ«Ä«ÚæΑæûΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Αö¨Ë½ΑÄæ«ËÄΡΑö¨«¨Αö«½½ΑúΑ+Ä«ΑËÄΑêÄ«ĈΑËÃÃËÄΑÃÚºæΠ Hence,
statement 1 is correct.
b¨ÚΑ«ÞΑÄËΑ«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑö¨«¨ΑÞüÞΑ#[bΑö«½½ΑÚÞ櫽½üΑÚêΑæ¨ΑΑË¢Α+Ä«ΠΑB«æ¨ÚΑ«æΑ«ÞΑæÚêΑæ¨æΑ«æΑö«½½Α
ĽΑ+Ä«ΑæËΑæºΑËõÚΑ¨«ÄΠΑ(ÄΡΑstatements 2 and 3 are not correct.
59
ANALYSIS:
Motivation
ÞΑæ¨Α͉͊͊ÞæΑËÄÞæ«æêæ«ËĽΑÃÄÃÄæΑöÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑÄΑ#[bΑöÞΑö«½üΑËõÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΑ
«ÄΑ͉͋͊͐ΠΑ
ÞΑæ¨ΑBWbΑË˺ÞΑ×ÚæΑæ¨Α#[bΑÚ¢ËÚÃÞΡΑ¨ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄ×æÞΑöÞΑÄËæΑËõÚΑ«ÄΑÄüΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞÞÄ櫽Α
AæÚ«½Π
SOURCE : http://www.gstindia.com/about/
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
[Úõ«Α æûΡΑ ×ÚÞËĽΑ «ÄËÃΑ æûΑ ÄΑ ËÚ×ËÚæ«ËÄΑ æûΑ ¨õΑ ÄΑ ÚêΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α ÚÄæΑ ×ÞæΑ æËΑ ËËÞæΑΑ
££Ú£æΑÃÄΡΑÞËΑÞΑæËΑ×ÚËææΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑ¢ÚËÃΑ£½Ë½ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΠΑ
û«ÞΑêæüΑÚæÞΑ¨õΑÄΑÚêΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÚÄæΑ×ÞæΑæËΑËËÞæΑ££Ú£æΑÃÄΡΑÞËΑÞΑæËΑ×ÚËææΑæ¨Α
ËÄËÃüΑ¢ÚËÃΑ£½Ë½ΑÚÞÞ«ËÄΑ¨ÄΑæûΑÚõÄêΑÞΑΑ×ÚÄæΑË¢Α#TΑË¢Α+Ä«Α¨ÞΑÞ櫽üΑÄËæΑ«ÄÚÞΑ
in the last decade . Hence statement 1 is not correct.
"«Þ½ΑĈ«æΑÞΑΑ×ÚÄæΑË¢Α#TΑË¢Α+Ä«Α¨ÞΑÄËæΑÞ櫽üΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α½ÞæΑΠΑHence statement
2 is not correct.
61
ANALYSIS:
#ËõÚÄÃÄæϐÞΑĈÞ½Α×Ú¢ËÚÃÄΑ«ÞΑ½öüÞΑËõÚΑ«ÄΑ櫽Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËëΑ[êÚõüÞΠΑ(ÄΑ£Ë«Ä£Α
through the survey of that year as thoroughly as possible is very important.
SOURCE : http://www.gstindia.com/about/
Q3. With reference to India's decision to levy an equalization tax of 6% on online advertisement
ÞÚõ«ÞΑËąÚΑüΑÄËÄαÚÞ«ÄæΑÄæ«æ«ÞΡΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ«ÞέÚΑËÚÚæΧΑ
1. It is introduced as a part of the Income Tax Act.
2. Non-resident entities that offer advertisement services in India can claim a tax credit in their home country
under the "Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements".
Select the correct answer using teh code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
As the levy was not introduced as part of the Income Tax Act but as a separate legislation under the
"«ÄÄΑ «½½ΡΑ£½Ë½ΑĈÚÃÞΑæ¨æΑËąÚΑÞê¨ΑÞÚõ«ÞΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΑÄÄËæΑ½«ÃΑΑæûΑÚ«æΑ«ÄΑ樫ÚΑ¨ËÃΑËêÄæÚüΑ
êÄÚΑæ¨ΑËê½Αæûæ«ËÄΑõË«ÄΑ£ÚÃÄæÞΑ
62
ANALYSIS:
Motivation
b¨Α ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ «ÞΑ ¢æê½Α «ÄΑ ÄæêÚΑ ÄΑ ½ÞËΑ Α ͋αÞææÃÄæΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄΡΑ ¨ÄΑ ËÄΑ «ÞΑ Þê××ËÞΑ æËΑ ¨õΑ
ÙêæΑºÄËö½£ΑæËΑ£æΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΠ
Ù꽫Þæ«ËÄΑ;õüΑΑËÚΑ#"ΑæûΑλ#ËË£½ΡΑ××½ΡΑ"Ë˺ΑÄΑÃāËÄμΑΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑÞ«ÄΑ«æΑöÞΑ«ÄæÚËα
êΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͏ΠΑ½ÞËΑ«æΑöÞΑÚ×ËÚæΑæ¨æΑæ¨ΑÄæÚϐÞΑÚõÄêΑ¢ÚËÃΑÙ꽫Þæ«ËÄΑ½õüΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͐α͊͑ΑöÞΑËõÚΑ
WÞΑ͉͉͐ΑÚËÚΡΑÃê¨Α¨«£¨ÚΑæ¨ÄΑæ¨ΑWÞΑ͎͌͊ΑÚËÚΑ«æΑ£ÚÄÚΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑæûΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×Úõ«ËêÞΑ͉͊αÃËÄæ¨Α×Ú«ËΠ
ANSWERS C
63
EXPLANATION
b¨Α "W AΑ Wõ«öΑ ËÃëææΑ 먫Ú×ÚÞËÄΑ AÚΠΑ BΠ9ΠΑ [«Ä£¨μΑ ÞêëææΑ «æÞΑ Ú×ËÚæΑ «ÄΑ 6ÄêÚüΑ ͉͋͊͐ΠΑ b¨Α
W×ËÚæΑöÞΑÃΑ×꽫Α«ÄΑ×Ú«½Α͉͋͊͐ΠΑb¨ΑËÃëææΑÞ꣣ÞæΑêÞ«Ä£ΑæΑÞΑæ¨Α×Ú«ÃÚüΑæÚ£æΑ¢ËÚΑĈÞ½Α
×˽«üΠΑΑæΑæËΑ#TΑÚæ«ËΑË¢Α͏͉АΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑΑæÚ£æΑö«æ¨ΑΑ͍͉АΑ½«Ã«æΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑÄæÚΑÄΑ͉͋АΑ½«Ã«æΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α
ÞææÞΠΑb¨ΑæÚ£æΑæΑæËΑ#TΑÚæ«ËΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑΑ¨«õΑüΑ͉͋͋͌ΠΑHence, statement 1 is correct.
b¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨ÞΑËÃÞæ«Α½««½«æ«ÞΑË¢Α͍͏Π͊АΑË¢Α#TΑλ͉͋͊͏α͊͐μΑÄΑÞΑΑ×ÚΑÄæΑË¢Α#TΡΑ[ææÞϐΑ
½««½«æ«ÞΑ«ÄÚÞΑæËΑ͋͌Π͋Α×ÚΑÄæΑæΑÄαAÚ¨Α͉͋͊͏ΠΑHence, statemenent 2 is not correct.
b¨Α ËÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α Ã×ËöÚÞΑ [ææΑ #ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΑæËΑ ËÚÚËöΑ ËĽüΑ¢ÚËÃΑ ËÃÞæ«Α ÞËêÚÞΑ λÚ櫽Α
͋͒͌λ͊μμΠΑ"êÚæ¨ÚΡΑÞΑ½ËÄ£ΑÞΑΑ[ææΑ¨ÞΑËêæÞæÄ«Ä£ΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΡΑ«æΑ«ÞΑÚÙê«ÚΑ
æËΑËæ«ÄΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæϖÞΑ×Ú«ËÚΑ××ÚËõ½Α¢ËÚΑ«ÄêÚÚ«Ä£ΑæΑλÚ櫽Α͋͒͌Αλ͌μμΠΑHence, statement 3
is correct.
ANALYSIS:
½æ¨Ë꣨Αæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ¢æê½Α«ÄΑÄæêÚΡΑÞææÃÄæΑ͋Α«ÞΑÞüΑæËΑ½«Ã«ÄæΑÞΑæ¨ΑÄæÚΑ«ÞΑ½öüÞΑæΑæ¨Α
¨½ÃΑË¢Α+Ä«ϐÞΑËÄËÃüΡΑ«æÞΑËÃÞæ«Α½««½«æ«ÞΑ¨õΑæËΑΑ£ÚæÚΠΑ
Motivation
b¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨Α«ΑæËΑÄËΑ½ËÄ£ÚΑæÚ£æΑÚõÄêΑĈ«æΑö¨«¨ΑÚË꣨æΑ¨ΑB9Α[«Ä£¨ΑTĽΑÚËÃα
ÃÄæ«ËÄÞΑ«ÄΑæËΑ¢ËêÞΠ
SOURCE : Almost all the standard newspapers covered the NK Singh report submission in 2017.
https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/the-hindu-ex-
plains-disciplining-government-debt/article18195556.ece
¨ææ×ÞέέΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«æÞέ¢ê½æέĈ½Þέ[ææêÞА͉͋T×ÚА͉͋ĈĽА͉͋͋͑Π͌Π͊͑Π×¢Αλb¨ΑëÄΑ
report)
64
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India was implemented on July 1, 2017.Αr¨«½ΑÚ½ÞΡΑ££ÞΡΑæΑÚΑ
ûÃ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑ#[bΡΑæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑÃÄæ«ËÄÞ 'cooked' and 'processed and canned.'Α(ÄΑêΑæËΑææÄæ«ËÄΑ
ÄÞΑ æËΑ Α ׫ΠΑ ÞΑ ÄΑ «æÃΑ «ÞΑ ÄÄΡΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ ÞêÚ½üΑ õ«½½Α ÞΑ Α ×ÚËêæΑ «ÄΑ ÃÚºæΑ Ä thus surely
attracts GST. Thus using the elimination technique, we can get rid of option B and D. At the time of
æ¨ΑûÃΡΑæ¨ÚΑöÞΑΑ½ËæΑË¢ΑËÄ¢êÞ«ËÄΑæöÄΑΑÄΑΠΑ êæΑ«ÄΑ«æÞΑËĆ«½ΑºüΑfT[ΑËÄĈÚÃΑϏϐΑÞΑ
the answer.
½æ¨Ë꣨Αö«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΑËÄæ«Ä«Ä£ΑõÚæ«Þ«ÃÄæÞΡΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨ΑÚÄæ½üΑ×꽫ިΑΑ
½Ú«Ĉæ«ËÄΑæ¨æΑæ¨ÞΑö«½½ΑΑæûΑêÄÚΑ#[bΡΑêæΑæ¨ΑÄÞöÚΑ£«õÄΑöÞΑΠΑb¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨Α½Ú«ĈΑ
æ¨æΑæ¨ΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΑöËê½Α¨õΑæËΑ×üΑ͎Α×ÚΑÄæΑ#[bΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÚõÄêΑÚÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑÞ×ΑÞ½½«Ä£ΑêæΑÄΑ
õ«½ΑË¢Α«Ä×êæΑæûΑÚ«æΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑæûΑ׫ΑüΑæ¨ΑõÚæ«ÞÃÄæΑ£ÄüΑËÄΑËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΑÚ«õΠ
ANALYSIS:
This question was askedΑêÞΑæ¨Α#[bΑöÞΑ×Úõ½Äæ½üΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑËö«Ä£ΑæËΑ«æÞΑËëģΑ«ÄæËΑ¢ËÚΑ
¢ÚËÃΑ6ê½üΑ͊ΡΑ͉͋͊͐Π
SOURCE : Although one cannot memorize the list of items, just for the reference, the following link can be
used
http://www.msmedinewdelhi.gov.in-
/PDF2017-18/GST/List%20of%20Exempted%20Goods%20under%20GST%20with%20HSN%20
Code.pdf
65
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
ÞΑ×ÚΑæ¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÚ×ËÚæΑËÄΑûæÚĽΑæΑüΑÃÚΑ͉͋͊͑αËÃÃÚ«½ΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ÞΑÚΑæ¨Α½Ú£ÞæΑ
ËÃ×ËÄÄæΑË¢ΑûæÚĽΑæΑö«æ¨ΑΑÞ¨ÚΑË¢Α͌͐Π͊Α×ÚÄæΡΑ¢Ë½½ËöΑüΑBW+Α×ËÞ«æÞΑλ͋͌Π͒Α×ÚÄæμΑÄΑÞ¨ËÚæΑ
æÚÃΑæÚΑÚ«æΑλ͊͒Π͒Α×ÚÄæμΠ Hence statement 1 is not correct.
f[Α˽½ÚΑÄËëÄæΑæΑËÄæ«ÄêΑæËΑΑæ¨Α½Ú£ÞæΑËÃ×ËÄÄæΑË¢Α+Ä«ϐÞΑûæÚĽΑæΑö«æ¨ΑΑÞ¨ÚΑ
Ë¢Α͍͎Π͒Α×ÚÄæΑæΑÄΑÃÚΑ͉͋͊͑ΡΑ¢Ë½½ËöΑüΑæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑÚê×Αλ͍͋Π͑Α×ÚÄæμΡΑ[WΑλ͎Π͊Α×ÚÄæμΡΑüÄΑ
λ͍Π͒Α×ÚÄæμΑÄΑêÚËλ͌Π͊Α×ÚÄæμΠΑHence, Statement 2 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
½öüÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΡΑÞËÃæ«ÃÞΑËõÚΑ«ÄΑ£ÚæΑ櫽Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËëΑ[êÚõüÞΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«æÞέ¢ê½æέĈ½Þέ+Ä«А͋͐ÞА͉͋ûæÚα
nal%20Debt%20as%20at%20the%20end%20December%202018.pdf
66
V͐ΠΑ+ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄæûæΑË¢Αæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑËÄËÃüΡΑÄËÄαĈÄÄ«½ΑæΑ«Ä½êÞΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΧΑ
1. Housing loans owed by households
2. Amounts outstanding on credit cards
3. Treasury bills
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
BËÄαĈÄÄ«½Α æΑ ËÄÞ«ÞæÞΑ Ë¢Α Ú«æΑ «ÄÞæÚêÃÄæÞΑ «ÞÞêΑ üΑ £ËõÚÄÃÄæ½Α Äæ«æ«ÞΡΑ ¨Ëêި˽ÞΑ ÄΑΑ
êÞ«ÄÞÞÞΑæ¨æΑÚΑÄËæΑ«Ä½êΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞæËÚΠΑλb¨ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞæËÚΑËÃ×Ú«ÞÞΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺÞΡΑ
«ÄÞêÚÄΑ ËÃ×Ä«ÞΡΑ ÄËÄĺ«Ä£ΑĈÄÄ«½Α ËÃ×Ä«ÞΡΑ ËË×Úæ«õÞΡΑ ×ÄÞ«ËÄΑ¢êÄÞΡΑ Ãêæê½Α¢êÄÞΑ ÄΑ
Ëæ¨ÚΑÞý½ÚΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÄæ«æ«ÞμΠΑBËÄαĈÄÄ«½ΑæΑ«Ä½êÞΑ¨Ëêި˽ΑËÚΑËÃÃÚ«½Α½ËÄÞΡΑbÚÞêÚüΑ«½½ÞΑ
ÄΑ Ú«æΑ ÚΑ ½ÄÞΠΑ b¨üΑ Þ¨ÚΑ ÃËÞæΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ÞÃΑ ¨ÚæÚ«Þæ«ÞΑ ö«æ¨Α ĈÄÄ«½Α æΡΑ û×æΑ æ¨Α
«ÞÞêÚÞΑÚΑÄËÄαĈÄÄ«½ΠΑΑHence option (d) is the correct answer
ANALYSIS:
V͑ΠΑr¨«¨ΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α«ÞΑ½«º½üΑæËΑΑæ¨ΑÃËÞæΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄÚüΑ«ÄΑ«æÞΑąæÞΧΑ
(a) Repayment of public debt
(b) Borrowing from the public to finance a budget deficit
(c) Borrowing from the banks to finance a budget deficit
(d) Creation of new money to finance a budget deficit
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
ËÚÚËö«Ä£Α¢ÚËÃΑ ×꽫Α ÄΑ ĺÞΑö«½½Α ½ΑæËΑ Α ÚÞΑ «ÄΑæ¨Α ÃËÄüΑ Þê××½üΑ «ÄΑ ÃÚºæΑ ÞΑ «ÄΑ Ëæ¨Αæ¨Α
Ë×æ«ËÄÞΑ ÃËÄüΑ «ÄΑ ¨ÄΑ «ÞΑ ÚêΑ¢ËÚΑ ×꽫Α ÄΑ ÃËÄüΑæËΑ ½ÄΑ «ÞΑ ÚêΑ¢ËÚΑ ĺÞΠΑ Úæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α ÄöΑ
ÃËÄüΑæËΑĈÄÄΑΑê£æΑĈ«æΑö«½½Α¨õΑÃËÚΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄÚüΑąæΑæ¨ÄΑÚ×üÃÄæΑË¢ΑæΡΑÞΑ«æΑö«½½Α½Α
æËΑÄΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑæËæ½ΑÃËÄüΑÞê××½üΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÃÚºæΠλÞΑÄöΑÃËÄüΑ«ÞΑ«Ä£ΑÚæμΠΑHence option (d) is
the correct answer.
êÚ«Ä£Α½ÞæΑĈÞ½ΑüÚΡΑË×æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÃËÄæ«āæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑĈ«æΑöÞΑû×½ËÚΑêæΑ«ΑöÞΑÚË××ΑêΑæËΑ½«º½üΑ
«Äĉæ«ËÄÚüΑ×ÚÞÞêÚΠ
ANALYSIS:
Q9. With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements :
1. A share of the household financial savings goes towards government borrowings.
2. Dated securities issued at market-related rates in auctions form a large component of internal debt.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both l and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS C
69
EXPLANATION
(Ëêި˽ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞõ«Ä£ÞΑÚ¢ÚΑæËΑêÚÚÄüΡΑĺΑ×ËÞ«æÞΡΑæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΡΑÃêæê½Α¢êÄÞΡΑ×ÄÞ«ËÄΑ¢êÄÞΡΑ
«ÄÞêÚÄΡΑÄΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæÞΑ«ÄΑÞý½ΑÞõ«Ä£ÞΑÞ¨ÃÞΑüΑ¨Ëêި˽ÞΠΑb¨ΑÄæΑ¨Ëêި˽ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞõ«Ä£ÞΑ
öÞΑ͊͊Π͎Α×ÚÄæΑË¢Α#B+λΑ£ÚËÞÞΑÄæ«ËĽΑ«Þ×ËÞ½Α«ÄËÃμΑ«ÄΑ͉͉͋͋α͋͊ΠΑΑ×ÚæΑË¢Α樫ÞΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞõ«Ä£Α£ËÞΑ
æËöÚΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ΠÞΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÚÚËöÞΑæ¨ÚË꣨Αæ¨Α«ÞÞêΑË¢Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑ½½Α
#αÞÞΑÄΑbÚÞêÚüΑ «½½ÞΠ+æΑËÚÚËöÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑÃÚºæΡΑÞý½ΑÞõ«Ä£ÞΑ¢êÄÞΡΑÞææΑ×ÚËõ«ÄæΑ¢êÄÞΡΑûæÚĽΑ
ÞÞ«ÞæÄΑÄΑÞ¨ËÚæαæÚÃΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ÞΠΑÄüΑõÚÞΑÃËõÃÄæΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α¨Ëêި˽ΑÞõ«Ä£ÞΑö«½½Α¨õΑΑÞ«£Ä«Ĉα
ÄæΑÚ«Ä£ΑËÄΑĺÞΡΑ«ÄÞêÚÄΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑÄΑÃêæê½έ×ÚËõ«ÄæΑ¢êÄÞΡΑö¨ËΡΑ«ÄΑæêÚÄΡΑÚΑºüΑ«ÄõÞæËÚÞΑ
«ÄΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΠΑHence statement 1 is correct.
b¨ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑæΑ«Ä½êÞΑ½½Α½««½«æ«ÞΑË¢ΑÄæÚ½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÄæÚæΑ£«ÄÞæΑæ¨ΑËÄÞ˽«α
æΑ "êÄΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α λĈÄΑ ÞΑ T꽫Α æμΠΑ T꽫Α æΑ «ÞΑ¢êÚæ¨ÚΑ ½ÞÞ«ĈΑ «ÄæËΑ «ÄæÚĽΑ ÄΑ ûæÚĽΑ
æΠΑ+ÄæÚĽΑæΑËÄÞ«ÞæÞΑË¢ΑÃÚºæ½ΑæΑÄΑÄËÄαÃÚºæ½ΑæΠΑAÚºæ½ΑæΑËÃ×Ú«ÞÞΑË¢Α
#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑÄΑbÚÞêÚüΑ «½½ÞΡΑ«ÞÞêΑæ¨ÚË꣨Αêæ«ËÄÞΠΑBËÄαÃÚºæ½ΑæΑËÃ×Ú«ÞÞΑ
Ë¢Α«ÄæÚëæ
½½Α ÃÚºæ½Α ÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑ «ΠΑ æΑ ÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑ ÄΑbÚÞêÚüΑ «½½ÞΑ ÚΑ «ÞÞêΑ æ¨ÚË꣨Α êæ«ËÄÞΑ ÞΑ ×ÚΑ æ¨Α
Þ¨ê½Α ÄËæ«ĈΑ æ¨ÚË꣨Α ¨½¢üÚ½üέÙêÚæÚ½üΑ êæ«ËÄΑ ½ÄÚÞΠΑ ÞΑ æΑ ÄαAÚ¨Α ͉͋͋͊ΡΑ ËêæÞæÄ«Ä£Α
ÃËêÄæÞΑêÄÚΑæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑÞæËËΑæΑ͐͊Π͐Α½º¨ΑÚËÚΑλ͌͏Π͌Α×ÚΑÄæΑË¢Α#TμΑÄΑËêÄæΑ¢ËÚΑ͏͑Π͊Α×ÚΑ
ÄæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑæËæ½ΑT꽫ΑæΠΑHence statement 2 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
+ÄæÚĽΑæΑϞΑ(Ëêި˽ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞõ«Ä£ÞΑÚΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑæË׫ÞΑÄΑË¢æÄΑÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«æÞέ¢ê½æέĈ½Þέ"«Ä½А͉͋[ææêÞА͉͋××ÚА͉͉͉͋͋͋α͋͊Π×¢
Page 8
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠĈÄÄ«½û×ÚÞÞΠËÃέË׫īËÄέ¨ËöαÚ«æ«α
cal-are-household-savings-for-government-borrowing/1542170/
https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/AnnualReport/PDFs/0RBI-
AR2021226AD1119FF6674A13865C988DF70B4E1A.PDF
70
Q10. With reference to the expenditure made by an organisation or a company, which of the
following statements is/are correct?
1. Acquiring new technology is capital expenditure.
2. Debt financing is considered capital expenditure, while equity financing is considered revenue expenditure.
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
׫æ½Αû×Ä«æêÚÞΑλ×ûμΑÚΑ¢êÄÞΑêÞΑüΑΑËÃ×ÄüΑæËΑÙê«ÚΡΑê×£ÚΡΑÄΑëÄæ«ÄΑרüÞ«½Α
ÞÞæÞΑÞê¨ΑÞΑ×ÚË×ÚæüΡΑ×½ÄæÞΡΑ꫽«Ä£ÞΡΑæ¨Ä˽ˣüΡΑËÚΑÙê«×ÃÄæΠΑ×ûΑ«ÞΑË¢æÄΑêÞΑæËΑêÄÚæºΑ
ÄöΑ×Ú˶æÞΑËÚΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæÞΑüΑΑËÃ×ÄüΠΑËÞæÞΑæËΑê×£ÚΑËÚΑ×êÚ¨ÞΑÞË¢æöÚΡΑ«ÄõÞæ«Ä£Α«ÄΑÄöΑæ¨α
Ä˽ˣüΑÄΑËÃ×êæÚΑÙê«×ÃÄæΡΑÚΑËÄÞ«ÚΑ×ÚæΑË¢Α׫æ½Αû×Ä«æêÚΠΑÞΑæ¨üΑÚΑË¢æÄΑÃ×½ËüΑ
æËΑ«Ã×ÚËõΑË×Úæ«ËĽΑĆ«ÄüΡΑ«ÄÚÞΑÚõÄêΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α½ËÄ£ΑæÚÃΡΑËÚΑúΑ«Ã×ÚËõÃÄæÞΑæËΑæ¨Αû«Þæ«Ä£Α
ÞÞæÞΑË¢ΑΑËÃ×ÄüΠΑHence statement 1 is correct.
r¨ÄΑΑËÃ×ÄüΑËÚÚËöÞΑÃËÄüΑæËΑΑ׫ΑºΑæΑΑ¢êæêÚΑæΑö«æ¨Α«ÄæÚÞæΑ«æΑ«ÞΑºÄËöÄΑÞΑæΑĈÄÄα
«Ä£ΠΑ+æΑËêÚÞΑö¨ÄΑΑĈÚÃΑÞ½½ÞΑĈûΑ«ÄËÃΑ×ÚËêæÞΡΑÞê¨ΑÞΑËÄÞΡΑ«½½ÞΡΑËÚΑÄËæÞΠΑ+æΑËê½ΑΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α¢ËÚÃΑ
Ë¢ΑΑÞêÚΑÞΑö½½ΑÞΑÄΑêÄÞêÚΑ½ËÄΠΑæΑĈÄÄ«Ä£Α«ÞΑæ¨ΑË××ËÞ«æΑË¢ΑÙê«æüΑĈÄÄ«Ä£ΡΑö¨«¨ΑÄ櫽ÞΑ
«ÞÞê«Ä£ΑÞæ˺ΑæËΑÚ«ÞΑÃËÄüΠΑ"ËÚΑûÃ×½ΡΑÚ½«ÄΑÄΑ¨ËËÞΑæΑĈÄÄ«Ä£ΡΑö¨«¨ΑÄ櫽ÞΑÞ½½«Ä£ΑĈûΑ
«ÄËÃΑ ×ÚËêæÞΡΑ Þê¨Α ÞΑ ËÄÞΡΑ «½½ÞΡΑ ËÚΑ ÄËæÞΡΑæËΑ «ÄõÞæËÚÞΑæËΑ Ëæ«ÄΑæ¨Α ׫æ½Α ÄΑæËΑ £ÚËöΑ ÄΑ
û×ÄΑ«æÞΑË×Úæ«ËÄÞΠΑ Ëæ¨ΑæΑĈÄÄ«Ä£ΑÄΑÙê«æüΑĈÄÄ«Ä£ΑÚΑËÄÞ«ÚΑÞΑ×ÚæΑË¢Α׫æ½ΑÚ«×æÞΑ
¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑËÃ×ÄüΡΑÞΑ׫æ½ΑÚ«×æÞΑÚΑÚ«×æÞΑæ¨æΑÚæΑ½««½«æ«ÞΑËÚΑÚêΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞÞæÞΠΑ"êÄÞΑ
¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ÞΑöËê½ΑΑêÞΑüΑËÃ×ÄüΑ¢ËÚΑ׫æ½Αû×Ä«æêÚΑÞê¨ΑÞΑæËΑ£ÚËöΑËÚΑû×ÄΑ«æÞΑË×Úæ«ËÄÞΠΑ
Hence statement 2 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
Please Note:
Capital & revenue expenditure fundamental topic. Although we study that from the
£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ê£æ«Ä£Α ×Ë«ÄæΑ Ë¢Αõ«öΡΑ樫ÞΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑöÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α ×ÚÞ×æ«õΑ Ë¢Α ΑĈÚÃΠΑ
This question is normally covered in the Accountancy.
71
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ«ÄõÞæË׫ΠËÃέæÚÃÞέέæĈÄÄ«Ä£ΠÞ×άЅæûα
æϽæА͉͋ĈÄÄ«Ä£А͉͋ËêÚÞА͉͋ö¨ÄА͉͋А͉͋ËÃ×ÄüА͉͋Ú«ÞÞА͉͋ÃËÄüА͉͋üА͉͋Þ
lling,bonds%2C%20bills%2C%20or%20notes.
https://www.business-standard.com/about/what-is-capital-re-
«×æÞάЅæûæϽ׫æ½А͉͋Ú«×æÞА͉͋ÚА͉͋Ú«×æÞА͉͋æ¨æΡÚ꫽А͉͋×ÚæА͉͋Ë¢А͉͋׫
tal%20receipts.
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/an-
swers/112814/what-are-some-examples-main-types-capital-expenditures-capex.asp
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
+Ä«ÚæΑæÚÄÞ¢ÚÞΑÚ¢ÚΑæËΑÞ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑö¨ÚΑö¨ÄΑ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑÄæ«æ«ÞΑËöÄΑÞ¨ÚÞΑËÚΑÞÞæÞΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑæ¨ΑÞ¨ÚÞΑ
Ë¢ΑÞê¨Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑÄæ«æ«ÞΑÚΑæÚÄÞ¢ÚÚΑ«ÄÞæΑË¢ΑΑ«ÚæΑæÚÄÞ¢ÚΑË¢Αæ¨ΑêÄÚ½ü«Ä£ΑÞÞæÞΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΠΑHence
option (d) is the corerct answer.
b¨ΑËÚ«£«ÄΑË¢ΑÚæÚËÞ×æ«õΑæûæ«ËÄΑÄΑΑæÚΑºΑæËΑ͉͋͊͋ΡΑr¨ÄΑqË¢ËÄΑ;æΠΑöÞΑÚæÚËÞ×æ«õ½üΑ
æûΑüΑæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑæûΑêæ¨ËÚ«æ«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑΑ͉͉͋͐Α½ΠΑb¨Α͉͋͊͋ΑæΑ¨ΑÃÄΑæ¨Α+bΑæΑæËΑ«Ã×ËÞΑæûΑ½««½α
«æüΑËÄΑæ¨Α«ÄËÃΑÚÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑÞ½ΑË¢ΑÞ¨ÚÞΑË¢ΑΑ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑËÃ×ÄüΑËÄΑΑÚæÚËÞ×æ«õΑÞ«ÞΑλ«ΠΠΡΑ½ÞËΑ
××½«½ΑæËΑæ¨ΑæÚÄÞæ«ËÄÞΑËÄΑ¢ËÚΑAüΑ͋͑ΡΑ͉͋͊͋μΠΑ
b¨ΑÃÄÃÄæÞΑÃΑüΑæ¨Α͉͋͊͋ΑæΑ½Ú«ĈΑæ¨æΑ«¢ΑΑËÃ×ÄüΑ«ÞΑÚ£«ÞæÚΑËÚΑ«ÄËÚ×ËÚæΑËêæÞ«Α
+Ä«ΡΑ «æÞΑ Þ¨ÚÞΑ ö«½½Α Α ÃΑ æËΑ Α ËÚΑ ¨õΑ ½öüÞΑ ÄΑ Þ«æêæΑ «ÄΑ +Ä«Α «¢Α æ¨üΑ Ú«õΑ 樫ÚΑ õ½êΑ
ÞêÞæÄ櫽½üΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑÞÞæÞΑ½ËæΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΠΑÞΑΑÚÞê½æΡΑæ¨Α×ÚÞËÄÞΑö¨ËΑÞ˽ΑÞê¨ΑÞ¨ÚÞΑË¢Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ
ËÃ×Ä«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑÄæÃÄæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑæΑλ«ΠΠΡΑAüΑ͋͑ΡΑ͉͋͊͋μΑ½ÞËΑÃΑ½«½ΑæËΑ×üΑæûΑËÄΑæ¨Α«ÄËÃΑ
ÚÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑÞê¨ΑÞ½Π
b¨Αbûæ«ËÄΑ;öÞΑλÃÄÃÄæμΑæΡΑ͉͋͋͊ΑÄê½½«ĈÞΑæ¨ΑϏÚæÚËÞ×æ«õΑæûæ«ËÄϐΑæ¨æΑöÞΑ«ÄæÚËêΑö«æ¨Α
æ¨Α"«ÄÄΑæΑË¢Α͉͋͊͋ΠΑ+æΑÄê½½«ĈÞΑ樫ÞΑæûΑ½««½«æüΑ«Ã×ËÞΑËÄΑÞê¨Α×ÚÞËÄÞΑ×ÚËõ«Αæ¨üΑ¢ê½Ĉ½ΑÚæ«ÄΑΑ
conditions.
72
These conditions are:
+¢Αæ¨Α ×ÚÞËÄΑ ¨ÞΑĈ½Α ÄΑ ××½Α ËÚΑ ×æ«æ«ËÄΑ «ÄΑ樫ÞΑ Ú£ÚΡΑ «æΑ ÃêÞæΑ Αö«æ¨ÚöÄΑ ËÚΑæ¨Α ×ÚÞËÄΑ ÃêÞæΑ
ÞêëæΑÄΑêÄÚ溫ģΑæËΑö«æ¨ÚöΑ«æΡ
«¢Αæ¨Α×ÚÞËÄΑ¨ÞΑ«Ä«æ«æΑËÚΑ£«õÄΑÄËæ«Α¢ËÚΑÄüΑÚ«æÚæ«ËÄΡΑËÄ«½«æ«ËÄΡΑËÚΑëæ«ËÄΑ×ÚË«Ä£ÞΑ«ÄΑ
樫ÞΑ Ú£ÚΡΑ æ¨Α ÄËæ«ÞΑ ËÚΑ ½«ÃÞΑ êÄÚΑ Þê¨Α ×ÚË«Ä£ÞΑ ÃêÞæΑ Α ö«æ¨ÚöÄΑ ËÚΑ æ¨Α ×ÚÞËÄΑ ÃêÞæΑ
ÞêëæΑÄΑêÄÚ溫ģΑæËΑö«æ¨ÚöΑæ¨ÃΡ
æ¨Α×ÚÞËÄΑÃêÞæΑÞêëæΑÄΑêÄÚ溫ģΑæËΑö«õΑæ¨ΑÚ«£¨æΑæËΑÞºΑËÚΑ×êÚÞêΑÄüΑÚÃüΑËÚΑ½«ÃΑ«ÄΑ樫ÞΑ
Ú£ÚΡΑö¨«¨ΑÃüΑËæ¨Úö«ÞΑΑõ«½½ΑêÄÚΑÄüΑ½öΑ«ÄΑ¢ËÚΑËÚΑÄüΑ«½æÚ½Α£ÚÃÄæΡΑÄ
Ëæ¨ÚΑËÄ«æ«ËÄÞΡΑÞΑÃüΑΑ×ÚÞÚ«Π
b¨ΑæΑÄÞêÚÞΑæ¨æΑæ¨ÚΑÄÄËæΑû«ÞæΑÄüΑ¢êæêÚΑÃÄΑüΑæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α˽½æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑæûÞΑ
ËÄΑ æ¨Α Þ«ÞΑ Ë¢Α ÄΑ ÃÄÃÄæΑ ö«æ¨Α ÚæÚËÞ×æ«õΑ ąæΠΑb¨«ÞΑæΑ úÞΑ æ¨Α æûΑ Ú£«ÃΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α ÃËÚΑ
×Ú«æ½ΡΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞË×ΑË¢Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÄæËΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΑÞΑ«æΑ½Ú«ĈÞΑæ¨ΑÞæÄΑË¢Α+Ä«ÄΑ
#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÄΑ«Ã×ËÞ«æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÚæÚËÞ×æ«õΑæûæ«ËÄΠ
ANALYSIS:
+æΑöÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑêÞΑË¢Αæ¨Αbûæ«ËÄΑ;öÞΑλÃÄÃÄæμΑæΡΑ͉͋͋͊Αö¨«¨ΑÄê½½«ĈΑæ¨ΑÚæÚËÞ×æ«õΑ
æûæ«ËÄΑÚ½æΑæËΑ«Ä««ÚæΑæÚÄÞ¢ÚÞΑæ¨æΑöÞΑ«ÄæÚËêΑö«æ¨Αæ¨Α"«ÄÄΑæΑË¢Α͉͋͊͋Π
SOURCE : https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-taxation-laws-amendment-bill-2021
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/indus-
try/indl-goods/svs/cement/adani-holcim-deal-and-the-legacy-vodafone-tax-issue/articlesh
ow/91619826.cms?from=mdr
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Docu-
ments/tax/Global%20Business%20Tax%20Alert/in-tax-gbt-alert-indirect-transfer-provisions
-to-apply-prospectively-from-28-may-2012-noexp.pdf
https://www.nishithdesai.com/Content/document/pdf/Arti-
cles/171023_A_Indirect-Transfer-Taxation-in-India.pdf
73
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
ÞΑËÄΑ×ګī׽ÞΑË¢ΑÄΡΑÙê«æüΑÄΑ×Ú¢ËÚÃÄΡΑËõÚ½½Αõ˽êæ«ËÄΑ¢ËÚÃê½Α«ÞΑÞΑ¢Ë½½ËöÞΠ
Criteria Weight(%)
TË×ê½æ«ËÄΑαΑ͎͊Π͉Α
ÚΑαΑ͎͊Π͉
+ÄËÃΑ«ÞæÄΑαΑ͍͎Α
bûΑϞΑĈÞ½ΑąËÚæÞΑαΑ͋Π͎Α
HÄΑ¨ËÚ«āËÄæ½Αõ˽êæ«ËÄΡΑö¨«½Αwq"Α£ÚΑæ¨æΑæ¨ΑÄÞêÞΑ͉͋͊͊Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑæΑææÚΑÚ×ÚÞÄæÞΑæ¨Α
×ÚÞÄæΑÄΑË¢Α[ææÞΡΑæËΑΑ¢«ÚΑæËΡΑÞΑö½½ΑÞΑÚöÚΡΑæ¨Α[ææÞΑö¨«¨Α¨õΑËÄΑææÚΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÃËα
£Úר«Α¢ÚËÄæΡΑwq"Α¨ÞΑÞÞ«£ÄΑΑ͊͋Π͎Α×ÚΑÄæΑö«£¨æΑæËΑæ¨ΑÃË£Úר«Α×Ú¢ËÚÃÄΑÚ«æÚ«ËÄΠΑwq"Α
¨ÞΑ Ú«ÄæÚËêΑ æûΑ ąËÚæΑ Ú«æÚ«ËÄΑ æËΑ ÚöÚΑ ĈÞ½Α ×Ú¢ËÚÃÄΠΑ Hence option (b) is the correct
answer.
ANALYSIS:
b¨ΑĈ¢æÄæ¨ΑĈÄÄΑËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΑÞêëææΑ«æÞΑÚ×ËÚæΑ«ÄΑBËõÃÚΑ͉͉͋͋ΠΑ(ÄΑ«æΑ«ÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α
Þ׫ÚÄæÞΑæËΑ£ËΑæ¨ÚË꣨Αæ¨Α«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑÚËÃÃÄæ«ËÄÞΑÄΑæ¨ΑÚ«æÚ«Αæ¨æΑ«æΑÞæÞΑ¢ËÚΑ¢êÄΑõ˽êæ«ËÄΑ
between the states.
74
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
ÄΑ«ÄæÄ£«½ΑÞÞæΑ«ÞΑÄΑ«Äæ«Ĉ½ΑÄËÄαÃËÄæÚüΑÞÞæΡΑö«æ¨ËêæΑרüÞ«½ΑÞêÞæÄΡΑ¨½Α¢ËÚΑêÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α
×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑËÚΑÞê××½üΑË¢Α£ËËÞΑËÚΑÞÚõ«ÞΡΑ¢ËÚΑÚÄæ½ΑæËΑËæ¨ÚÞΡΑËÚΑ¢ËÚΑëīÞæÚæ«õΑ×êÚ×ËÞÞΠΑ
ÄæÚ×Ú«ÞÞΑ ¢ÚÙêÄæ½üΑ û×ÄΑ ÚÞËêÚÞΡΑ ËÚΑ «ÄêÚΑ ½««½«æ«ÞΡΑ ËÄΑ æ¨Α Ùê«Þ«æ«ËÄΡΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΡΑΑ
ëÄæÄÄΑËÚΑĨÄÃÄæΑË¢Α«ÄæÄ£«½ΑÚÞËêÚÞΑÞê¨ΑÞΑÞ«Äæ«ĈΑËÚΑæ¨Ä«½ΑºÄËö½£ΡΑÞ«£ÄΑ
ÄΑ«Ã×½ÃÄææ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÄöΑ×ÚËÞÞÞΑËÚΑÞüÞæÃÞΡΑ½«ÄÞΡΑ«Äæ½½æê½Α×ÚË×ÚæüΡΑmarket knowledge and
trademarks (including brand names and publishing titles).
ËÃÃËÄΑ ûÃ×½ÞΑ Ë¢Α «æÃÞΑ ÄËÃ×ÞÞΑ üΑ æ¨ÞΑ ÚËΑ ¨«Ä£ÞΑ ÚΑ ËÃ×êæÚΑ ÞË¢æöÚΡΑ patents,
copyrights,Α ÃËæ«ËÄΑ ׫æêÚΑ Ĉ½ÃÞΡΑ customer lists,Α ÃËÚ棣Α ÞÚõ««Ä£Α Ú«£¨æÞΡΑ ĈÞ¨«Ä£Α ½«ÄÞΡΑ «Ã×ËÚæΑ
ÙêËæÞΡΑ ¢ÚĨ«ÞÞΡΑ êÞæËÃÚΑ ËÚΑ Þê××½«ÚΑ Ú½æ«ËÄÞ¨«×ÞΡΑ êÞæËÃÚΑ ½Ëü½æüΡΑ ÃÚºæΑ Þ¨ÚΑ ÄΑ ÃÚºæ«Ä£Α
rights.
#ËËö«½½Α«ÞΑÄËæ¨ÚΑûÃ×½ΑË¢ΑÄΑ«æÃΑË¢Α«ÄæÄ£«½ΑÄæêÚΑö¨«¨Α«æ¨ÚΑÚ«ÞÞΑËÄΑÙê«Þ«æ«ËÄΑËÚΑ«ÞΑ«ÄæÚĽα
½üΑ£ÄÚæΠΑbÄ£«½ΑÞÞæÞΑÚΑæü׫½½üΑרüÞ«½ΑÞÞæÞΑËÚΑ×ÚË×ÚæüΑËöÄΑüΑΑËÃ×ÄüΡΑÞê¨ΑÞΑÙê«×α
ÃÄæΡΑ꫽«Ä£ÞΡΑÄΑ«ÄõÄæËÚüΠΑHence only option 2 is not correct.
75
Please Note:
Normally this topic is covered under ACCOUNTANCY.
This is a question that is covered in Accountancy and not normally studies under economics, but if an
aspirant understands the meaning of the word tangible (things that can be touched and felt), then
ö¨æΑ «ÞΑ «ÄæÄ£«½Α «ÞΑ ÄËæΑ ¨ÚΑ æËΑ £êÞÞΠΑ b¨Α öËÚΑ «ÄõÄæËÚüΑ ¨ÞΑ ÄΑ ĈÄΑ «ÄΑ ¨×æÚΑ ͋Α Ë¢Α æ¨Α
Macroeconomics textbook (meant for Class 12).
ûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑBWb
b¨êÞΡΑ«æΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑΑ¨ÚΑ½Ë£«ΑæËΑ××½üΠΑb¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑÄËæΑæ¨êÞΑΑÚ£ÚΑÞΑ«Ćê½æΠ
+æΑ«ÞΑ«Ćê½æΑæËΑ׫Ä×Ë«ÄæΑËÄΑÚÞËÄΑÞΑæËΑö¨üΑ樫ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑÃΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α[Α͉͋͋͌ΡΑêæΑfT[Α¨ÞΑÄΑæÞæ«Ä£Α
ÄΑÃüΑæÞæΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α¢êæêÚΑöÄæΑæËΑæÞæΑæ¨ΑêÚ«ËÞ«æüΑË¢ΑÞ׫ÚÄæΑ«ÄΑºÄËö«Ä£ΑËêæΑæ¨ΑÞ«Α¢êÄæ«ËÄ«Ä£ΑË¢ΑΑ
ĈÚÃΑËÚΑËÃ×ÄüΠ
+ĽêÞΑËÃ×Ú¨ÄÞ«õΑËõÚ£ΑË¢Α½½ΑæË׫ÞΑ¢ËÚΑ½½Αæ¨Α¢ËêÚΑ××ÚÞΑË¢Α#[ΑA«ÄÞΡΑ#[ΑTÚ½«ÃÞΡΑ[bΑ
“You are as strong ÄΑÞÞü
+ĽêΑTÚΑ"ËêÄæ«ËÄΑ½ÞÞÞΫΑλ͉͐Α½ÞÞÞμΑ¢ËÚΑêÄÚÞæÄ«Ä£ΑË¢Α9üΑ#[ΑËÄ×æÞΑϞΑ¢êÄÃÄæ½Α
as your Foundation” Ë¢ΑBWbÞΑϞΑ Þ«Α Ë˺Þ
+ĽêΑ½½Α+Ä«Α#[ΑA«ÄÞΡΑTÚ½«ÃÞΡΑ[bΑÄΑÞÞüΑbÞæΑ[Ú«ÞΑ͉͎͋͋
½ÞÞÞΑλAWμΡΑA«ÄÞΑ͌͏͎ΑϞΑTb͌͏͎
TÚÞËĽ«ÞΑAÄæËÚÞΑ¢ËÚΑÞÞÞÞ«Ä£Α×Ú¢ËÚÃÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α
ÞæêÄæÞΑÚ£ê½Ú½üΑ
ÞÞΑæËΑ;«õΑÞΑö½½ΑÞΑWËÚΑ½ÞÞÞΑËÄΑüËêÚΑ×ÚÞËĽΑ
ËĽ«ÄΑ[æêÄæΑT½æ¢ËÚÃΑ
+ĽêÞΑTÚÞËĽ«æüΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑTÚË£ÚÃÃΑ
|
PRELIMS CUM MAINS
Sensitise the young generation: Highlighting pressing environmental issues and their
multifaceted impacts.
Inspire Action and Promote Sustainable Lifestyle: Inspiring stories and case studies to motivate
readers to make environmentally conscious choices.
Showcase Solutions: Spotlight innovative technologies, projects, and initiatives that offer solutions
to environmental challenges.
Highlight Local Efforts: Showcase local conservation efforts, community initiatives, and grassroots
projects that make a positive impact on the environment.
EXTERNAL SECTOR
λ͋͑ΑVêÞæ«ËÄÞμ
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
b¨Α #½Ë½Α +Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ "«½«æüΑ λ#+"μΑ Þê××ËÚæÞΑ #ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΑ «ÄΑ Ú«Ä£«Ä£Α ö½½αÞæÚêæêÚΑ ÄΑ ĺ½Α
«Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ ×Ú˶æÞΑ æËΑ ÃÚºæΠΑ #+"ϐÞΑ ×Ú˶æΑ Þê××ËÚæΑ ÄΑ ËõÚΑ æ¨Α Þ×æÚêÃΑ Ë¢Α Þ«£ÄΡΑ ×Ú×Úæ«ËÄΡΑ
ÞæÚêæêÚ«Ä£Α ÄΑ æÚÄÞæ«ËÄΑ «Ã×½ÃÄææ«ËÄΑ æ«õ«æ«ÞΡΑ Úö«Ä£Α ËÄΑ æ¨Α ËëÄΑ û×Úæ«ÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α #+"ϐÞΑ
b¨Ä«½ΑÄΑõ«ÞËÚüΑTÚæÄÚÞΑÄΑ¢ËêÞ«Ä£ΑËÄΑÞæÚêæêÚÞΑæ¨æΑÚΑ½ΑæËΑææÚæΑΑö«ΑÚÄ£ΑË¢Α×Ú«õæΑ
investors.
½ËÄ£Αö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑrËÚ½Α ĺΑ#ÚËê×ΡΑÄΑ«ÞΑËᨫÚΑË¢Αæ¨Α#+"ϐÞΑ#ËõÚÄ«Ä£ΑËêÄ«½ΠΑHence option (b) is the
correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
b¨«ÞΑæË׫ΑÄΑޫë½ÚΑæË׫ÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑ½ÞÞÚαºÄËöÄΑËڣīÞæ«ËÄÞΑÚΑÄËæΑËõÚΑ«ÄΑÄüΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞÞÄ櫽Α
AæÚ«½ΡΑêæΑË¢æÄΑ××ÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΠΑ[æêÄæÞΑÄΑ«Äæ«¢üΑºüΑ£½Ë½Αæ¨ÃÞΑ½«ºΑ£½Ë½ΑĈÄÄΡΑ
½«ÃæΑ¨Ä£ΑæΠΑö¨«¨ΑÚΑÚ½õÄæΑ¢ËÚΑfT[ΑÄΑΑËÄÞ«ËêÞΑË¢ΑË«ÞΑÄΑÄöÞΑËÄÄæΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ÃΠΑ
http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/gif-launched-to-help-india-bridge-infra-
SOURCE :
Ĉ«æέÚ櫽͏͍͑͏͍͍͉Π
+æΑöÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöΑæ¨ÄΡΑÄΑÄΑ
û×æΑ æ¨ÃΑ ËÄÞ«Ú«Ä£Α
æ¨Α ¢ËêÞΑ ËÄΑ «Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ
ÄΑ«æÞΑĈÄÄ«Ä£Α«ÄΑ+Ä«ΠΑ
78
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
b¨Α"bΑ潺ÞΑö«æ¨ΑfΑ¨õΑÄΑ½ËºΑÞ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͌Α¢æÚΑ͊͏ΑÚËêÄÞΑË¢ΑÄ£Ëæ«æ«ËÄÞΠΑ;ÞæΑüÚΑfΑÚ«ÞΑ
«æÞΑËÄÚÄΑËõÚΑö¨æΑ«æΑ½½Α+Ä«ϐÞΑύêÄ«½æÚ½ΑæÚëÄæ«ËÄώΑË¢Αû«Þæ«Ä£Α «½æÚ½Α+ÄõÞæÃÄæΑbÚæ«ÞΑλ +bÞμΑ
ö«æ¨ΑύΑÞ«£Ä«ĈÄæΑÄêÃÚΑË¢ώΑfαÃÃÚΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΠΑHence option (a) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
V͌ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. India has ratified to Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) of WTO.
2. TFA is a part of WTO’s Bali Ministerial Package of 2013.
3. TFA came into force in January 2016.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS A
79
EXPLANATION
b¨ΑbÚΑ "«½«ææ«ËÄΑ£ÚÃÄæΑ λb"μΑ «ÞΑæ¨Α rbHϐÞΑ ĈÚÞæαõÚΑ Ãê½æ«½æÚ½Α ËÚΑæ¨æΑ «ÃÞΑæËΑ Þ«Ã×½«¢üΑ
êÞæËÃÞΑ Ú£ê½æ«ËÄÞΑ ¢ËÚΑ æ¨Α ÚËÞÞαËÚÚΑ ÃËõÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α £ËËÞΠΑ +æΑ öÞΑ ËêæËÃΑ Ë¢Α rbHϐÞΑ ͒æ¨Α ½«Α
λ+ÄËÄÞ«μΑëīÞæÚ«½Α׺£ΑË¢Α͉͋͊͌ΠΑHence statement 2 is correct.
+Ä«ΑÚæ«ĈΑ«æΑ«ÄΑ×Ú«½Α͉͋͊͏ΠΑb¨Αb"Α«ÃÞΑæËΑû׫æΑæ¨ΑÃËõÃÄæΑÄΑ½ÚÄΑË¢Α£ËËÞΠΑb¨Αb"ΑöÞΑ
¨ÄΑ ËõÚΑ æËΑ æ¨Α rbHΑ «ÚæËÚα#ÄÚ½Α üΑ +Ä«ΠΑ b¨Α b"Α öÞΑ Þê××ËÞΑ æËΑ ÄæÚΑ «ÄæËΑ ¢ËÚΑ ËÄΑ
æöËα樫ÚÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑrbHΑÃÃÚÞΑ¨ΑËÃ×½«Αö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑËÃÞæ«ΑÚæ«Ĉæ«ËÄΑ×ÚËÞÞΠΑHence statement
1 is correct.
+æΑÃΑ«ÄæËΑ¢ËÚΑ«ÄΑ"ÚêÚüΑ͉͋͊͐ΠΑHence statement 3 is not correct. Hence option (a) is the correct
answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
India and WTO has always have been the favourite topic of the UPSC. Time and again, UPSC has asked
questions from this area.
SOURCE : http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=159992
http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/india-tables-legally-vetted-proposal
αËÄα£½Ë½αÞÚõ«Þα×æαæαöæËέÚ櫽͎͎͍͊͐͌͐͌Π
Motivation
TFA has remained regularly in news for last 3 years.
V͍ΠΑb¨ΑæÚÃΑϏËÃÞæ«ΑËÄæÄæΑWÙê«ÚÃÄæϐΑ«ÞΑÞËÃæ«ÃÞΑÞÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑö«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæË
(a) Developing solar power production in our country
(b) Granting licenses to foreign T.V. channels in our country
(c) Exporting our food products to other countries
(d) Permitting foreign educational institutions to set up their campuses in our country
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
ϏËÃÞæ«ΑËÄæÄæΑWÙê«ÚÃÄæϐΑλWμΡΑ¨ÞΑË¢æÄΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΡΑÄΑ«ÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑË¢ΑÞ˽ÚΑ
×ËöÚΑ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΠ
ËÃÞæ«Α ËÄæÄæΑ WÙê«ÚÃÄæÞΑ λWμΑ ÚΑ £ÄÚ½½üΑ ×ÚËÃê½£æΑ ¢ËÚΑ ×ÚËææ«Ä£Α «Ä¢ÄæΑ «ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΡΑ
Þ׫½½üΑ«ÄΑõ½Ë׫ģΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΡΑêÄ櫽Αæ¨üΑÄΑËÃ×æΑËÄΑæ¨Α«ÄæÚÄæ«ËĽΑÃÚºæΠΑ+æΑËÞΑÄËæΑ½ΑæËΑ
½ËöÚ«Ä£ΑË¢Α×Ú«ÞΑË¢Αæ¨ÞΑËÃÃË«æ«ÞΠ
b¨ΑWorld Trade Organization (WTO) ¨ΑÚê½Α£«ÄÞæΑ+Ä«ϖÞΑËÃÞæ«ΑËÄæÄæΑ×˽«üΑ¢ËÚΑÞ˽ÚΑ½½ÞΑÄΑ
ÃËê½ÞΣΑ+Ä«Α××½Αæ¨ΑÚ꽫ģΑ«ÄΑΑ«ΑæËΑº×ΑWΑÚê½ÞΑ«ÄΑ×½Α¢ËÚΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ×ÚËêÚÃÄæΠΑb¨Α
ÞΑ £«ÄÞæΑ +Ä«ΑöÞΑ ËÚ«£«Ä½½üΑĈ½Α «ÄΑ ͉͋͊͌ΡΑ¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Αæ¨Α ÄÄËêÄÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α WΑ «ÄΑ 6BB[AΑ T¨ÞΑ ++Α
×˽«üΑÄΑ¢æÚΑ+Ä«Α«ΑæËΑĈ½ΑÄΑÄæ«αêÃ׫ģΑÞΑ£«ÄÞæΑæ¨ΑfΠ[ΠΡΑ¨«ÄΡΑA½üÞ«ΑÄΑb«öÄΠ
80
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
The WTO ruling against India was in the news then
SOURCE : http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/removal-of-domestic-content
αÚÙê«ÚÃÄæα«ÄαÞ˽ÚαÄËæαα«£α½ËöέÚ櫽ިËöέ͎͍͍͎͊͋͒͊ΠÃÞ
V͎ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑæ¨ΑϏBæ«ËĽΑ+Äæ½½æê½ΑTÚË×ÚæüΑW«£¨æÞΑT˽«üϐΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææα
ments:
1. It reiterates India’s commitment to the Doha Development Agenda and the TRIPS Agreement.
2. Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion is the nodal agency for regulating intellectual property rights in
India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
b¨ΑfÄ«ËÄΑ«ÄæΑ××ÚËõΑæ¨ΑBæ«ËĽΑ+Äæ½½æê½ΑTÚË×ÚæüΑW«£¨æÞΑλ+TWμΑT˽«üΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͏Αæ¨æΑö«½½Α½üΑæ¨Α
¢êæêÚΑ ÚËÃ×Α ¢ËÚΑ «Äæ½½æê½Α ×ÚË×ÚæüΑ «ÄΑ +Ä«ΠΑ b¨«ÞΑ ×˽«üΑ Þ¨½½Α öõΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α ÞæÚÄ£æ¨ÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α
#ËõÚÄÃÄæΡΑ ÚÞÚ¨Α ÄΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ Ëڣīāæ«ËÄÞΡΑ êæ«ËĽΑ «ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΡΑ ËÚ×ËÚæΑ Äæ«æ«ÞΑ
«Ä½ê«Ä£Α A[AÞΡΑ ÞæÚæαê×ÞΑ ÄΑ Ëæ¨ÚΑ Þ溨˽ÚÞΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α Úæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α ÄΑ «ÄÄËõæ«ËÄαËÄê«õΑ
Äõ«ÚËÄÃÄæΡΑ ö¨«¨Α Þæ«Ãê½æÞΑ Úæ«õ«æüΑ ÄΑ «ÄÄËõæ«ËÄΑ ÚËÞÞΑ ÞæËÚÞΡΑ ÞΑ ½ÞËΑ ¢«½«ææÞΑ Α Þæ½ΡΑ
æÚÄÞ×ÚÄæΑÄΑÞÚõ«αËÚ«ÄæΑ+TWΑëīÞæÚæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΠΑ
b¨ΑT˽«üΑÚˣīāÞΑæ¨æΑ+Ä«Α¨ÞΑΑö½½αÞ潫ިΑbW+T[αËÃ×½«ÄæΑ½£«Þ½æ«õΡΑëīÞæÚæ«õΑÄΑ
¶ê««½Α ¢ÚÃöËÚºΑ æËΑ Þ¢£êÚΑ +TWÞΡΑ ö¨«¨Α ÃæÞΑ «æÞΑ «ÄæÚÄæ«ËĽΑ ˽«£æ«ËÄÞΑ ö¨«½Α ê櫽«ā«Ä£Α æ¨Α
ĉû««½«æ«ÞΑ×ÚËõ«Α«ÄΑæ¨Α«ÄæÚÄæ«ËĽΑÚ£«ÃΑæËΑÚÞÞΑ«æÞΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæ½ΑËÄÚÄÞΠΑ+æΑÚ«æÚæÞΑ+Ä«ϐÞΑ
ËÃëæÃÄæΑæËΑæ¨Α˨Αõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ£ÄΑÄΑæ¨ΑbW+T[Α£ÚÃÄæΠΑHence statement 1 is correct.
b¨ÞΑ ˶æ«õÞΑ ÚΑ ÞË꣨æΑ æËΑ Α ¨«õΑ æ¨ÚË꣨Α 櫽Α æ«ËÄΑ ×Ë«ÄæÞΠΑ b¨Α æ«ËÄΑ üΑ «ąÚÄæΑ
A«Ä«ÞæÚ«ÞέΑ×ÚæÃÄæÞΑÞ¨½½ΑΑÃËÄ«æËÚΑüΑ+TTΑö¨«¨ΑÞ¨½½ΑΑæ¨ΑÄ˽Α×ÚæÃÄæΑæËΑËËÚ«ÄæΡΑ
£ê«Α ÄΑ ËõÚÞΑ «Ã×½ÃÄææ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ ¢êæêÚΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α +TWÞΑ «ÄΑ +Ä«ΠΑ Hence statement 2 is
correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέ׫ΠÄ«Π«ÄέÄöÞ«æέTÚ«ÄæW½ÞΠÞ×ûΧÚ½«Ͻ͊͌͑͑͒͊
81
V͏ΠΑ r«æ¨Α Ú¢ÚÄΑ æËΑ ϏÞ«Α T«ĈΑ A«Ä«ÞæÚ«½Α ËÄ¢ÚÄΑ ËÄΑ (ËêÞ«Ä£Α ÄΑ fÚÄΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ
λTA(fμϐΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. The first APMCHUD was held in India in 2006 on the theme ‘Emerging Urban Forms – Policy Responses and
Governance Structure’.
2. India hosts all the Annual Ministerial Conferences in partnership with ADB, APEC and ASEAN.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
b¨Α͊ÞæΑTA(fΑöÞΑ¨½Α«ÄΑBöΑ½¨«ΡΑ+Ä«Α¢ÚËÃΑ͊͌æ¨α͊͏æ¨ΑÃÚΡΑ͉͉͋͏ΑËÄΑæ¨Αæ¨ÃΑË¢ΑϏΑq«Þ«ËÄΑ
¢ËÚΑ[êÞæ«Ä½ΑfÚÄ«āæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞ«αT«ĈΑüΑ͉͉͋͋ϐΠΑϏÃÚ£«Ä£ΑfÚÄΑ"ËÚÃÞΑγΑT˽«üΑWÞ×ËÄÞÞΑÄΑ
#ËõÚÄÄΑ [æÚêæêÚϐΑ öÞΑ æ¨Α æ¨ÃΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ͏æ¨Α Þ«Α T«ĈΑ ËÄ¢ÚÄΑ ËÄΑ (ËêÞ«Ä£Α ÄΑ fÚÄΑ
õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ¨½Α«ÄΑÃÚΑ͉͋͊͏ΠΑHence statement 1 is not correct.
͋ÄΑ TA(fΑ öÞΑ ¨½Α «ÄΑ b¨ÚÄΡΑ +޽ëΑ W×꽫Α Ë¢Α +ÚÄΡΑ ͌ÚΑ «ÄΑ [˽ËΡΑ W×꽫Α Ë¢Α +ÄËÄÞ«ΡΑ ͍æ¨Α «ÄΑ
ÃÃÄΡΑ(ިëæΑ9«Ä£ËÃΑË¢Α6ËÚÄΑÄΑ͎æ¨Α«ÄΑ[Ëê½ΡΑW×꽫ΑË¢Α9ËÚΠΑHence statement 2 is not
correct.
"êÚæ¨ÚΡΑTA(fΑ«ÞΑΑËÄÞê½ææ«õΑèīÞÃΑËÄΑæ¨Α×ÚËÃËæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÞêÞæ«Ä½Αõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑË¢Α(ËêÞ«Ä£Α
ÄΑ fÚÄΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α Þ«αT«ĈΑ W£«ËÄΑ Þ潫ިΑ êÄÚΑ æ¨Α £«ÞΑ ÄΑ Þê××ËÚæΑ Ë¢Α
fBα(«ææΠ
ANALYSIS:
b¨ÚΑ«ÞΑÄËΑÞË×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄΑæ¨Ë꣨ΑÞææÃÄæΑ͋ΑÞËêÄÞΑÞ½«£¨æ½üΑêĽ«õ½ΑÞΑËÄΑËêÄæÚüΑÄÄËæΑ
¨ËÞæΑ½½Αæ¨ΑÄÄê½ΑËÄ¢ÚÄÞΡΑêæΑ«æΑÞ櫽½ΑÚÚ«ÞΑÚæ«ÄΑÃËêÄæΑË¢ΑÚ«ÞºΠΑ[ê¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑÄΑΑÞ«½üΑ½¢æΑ
êÄÄÞöÚΑ«¢ΑËÄΑ¨ÞΑÄËΑ½êΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέèê×Π£ËõΠ«ÄέöÚ«æÚæέ͏æ¨[«εT«Ĉεq«£üÄε¨öÄΠ×¢
V͐ΠΑr¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α£«õÞΑϏ#½Ë½Α#ÄÚΑ#×Α+ÄûϐΑÚĺ«Ä£ΑæËΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑöËÚ½Χ
(a) World Economic Forum
(b) UN Human Rights Council
(c) UN Women
(d) World Health Organization
ANSWERS A
82
EXPLANATION
#½Ë½Α#ÄÚΑ#×Α+ÄûΑ«ÞΑÚ½ÞΑüΑrËÚ½ΑËÄËëΑ"ËÚêÃΠΑÞΑ×ÚΑæ¨Α#½Ë½Α#ÄÚΑ#×ΑW×ËÚæΑ͉͋͊͏ΡΑ
+Ä«ΑÚĺÞΑæΑ͑͐æ¨Α«ÄΑÚÞ×æΑË¢Α#½Ë½Α#ÄÚΑ#×Α+ÄûΑλ##+μΑÃËÄ£Α͍͍͊ΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑrËÚ½ΠΑÞΑ×ÚΑ
æ¨Α##WΡΑ+Ä«Α½«ÃΑ͋͊ΑÞ×ËæÞΑæËΑÚĺΑ͑͐æ¨Α«ÄΑ͉͋͊͏ΡΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑÄΑ«Ã×ÚËõÃÄæΑ¢ÚËÃΑ«Ä£ΑÚĺΑæΑ͉͊͑æ¨Α
«ÄΑ͉͎͋͊Π
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέ׫ΠÄ«Π«ÄέÄöÞ«æέTÚ«ÄæW½ÞΠÞ×ûΧÚ½«Ͻ͎͎͉͊͊͌
Motivation
India's performance in Global Gender Gap Report has always been discussed and also it was one of the important
global indicators alongside HDI, MPI Index, Ease of doing business (EoDB) etc.
Additional Information
ORGANISATION REPORT
WEF (World Economic Forum) 1. Global Competitiveness Report (GCR)
2. Global Gender Gap Report
3. Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report
4. Global Information Technology Report
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) 1. World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR)
V͑ΠΑΑ+Ä«ΑÄæΑæ¨Α#Ë£Úר«½Α+Ä«æ«ËÄÞΑË¢Α#ËËÞΑλW£«ÞæÚæ«ËÄΑÄΑTÚËææ«ËÄμΑæΡΑ͊͒͒͒Α«ÄΑ
order to comply with the obligations to
(a) ILO
(b) IMF
(c) UNCTAD
(d) WTO
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
#Ë£Úר«½Α +Ä«æ«ËÄÞΑ Ë¢Α #ËËÞΑ ÚΑ ĈÄΑ ÞΑ æ¨æΑ Þ×æΑ Ë¢Α «ÄêÞæÚ«½Α ×ÚË×ÚæüΑ ö¨«¨Α Ú¢ÚΑ æËΑ æ¨Α
£Ë£Úר«½Α«Ä«æ«ËÄΑÚ¢ÚÚ«Ä£ΑæËΑΑËêÄæÚüΑËÚΑæËΑΑ×½ΑÞ«æêæΑæ¨Ú«ÄΑÞΑ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΑËÚΑ×½Α
Ë¢ΑËÚ«£«ÄΑË¢Αæ¨æΑ×ÚËêæΠ Typically, such a name conveys an assurance of quality and distinctiveness
ö¨«¨Α«ÞΑÞÞÄ櫽½üΑææÚ«êæ½ΑæËΑæ¨Α¢æΑË¢Α«æÞΑËÚ«£«ÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨æΑĈÄΑ£Ë£Úר«½Α½Ë½«æüΡΑÚ£«ËÄΑËÚΑ
country. fÄÚΑ Ú櫽ÞΑ ͊Α λ͋μΑ ÄΑ ͉͊Α Ë¢Α æ¨Α TÚ«ÞΑ ËÄõÄæ«ËÄΑ ¢ËÚΑ æ¨Α TÚËææ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α +ÄêÞæÚ«½Α TÚË×ÚæüΡΑ
£Ë£Úר«½Α«Ä«æ«ËÄÞΑÚΑËõÚΑÞΑÄΑ½ÃÄæΑË¢Α+TWÞΠΑb¨üΑÚΑ½ÞËΑËõÚΑêÄÚΑÚ櫽ÞΑ͋͋ΑæËΑ͍͋Α
Ë¢Αæ¨ΑbÚΑ W½æΑÞ×æÞΑ Ë¢Α +Äæ½½æê½Α TÚË×ÚæüΑ W«£¨æÞΑ λbW+T[μΑ£ÚÃÄæΡΑö¨«¨ΑöÞΑ ×ÚæΑ Ë¢Αæ¨Α
£ÚÃÄæÞΑËĽê«Ä£Αæ¨ΑfÚê£êüΑWËêÄΑË¢Α#bbΑÄ£Ëæ«æ«ËÄÞΠΑ+Ä«ΡΑÞΑΑÃÃÚΑË¢Αæ¨ΑrËÚ½ΑbÚΑ
Hڣīāæ«ËÄΑλrbHμΡΑÄæΑæ¨Α#Ë£Úר«½Α+Ä«æ«ËÄÞΑË¢Α#ËËÞΑλW£«ÞæÚæ«ËÄΑϞΑTÚËææ«ËÄμæΡΑ͊͒͒͒Α
¨ÞΑËÃΑ«ÄæËΑ¢ËÚΑö«æ¨ΑąæΑ¢ÚËÃΑ͎͊æ¨Α[×æÃÚΑ͉͉͋͌ΠΑHence option (d) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
#+Α棣«Ä£ΑË¢Α+Ä«ÄΑ£ËËÞΑ¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΠΑb¨Ë꣨Α#+Α棣Α×ÚËêæÞΑÚΑËõÚΑêÄÚΑ
+Ä«ÄΑ ÚæΑ ÄΑ ê½æêÚΡΑ +TWΑ ËÃÞΑ êÄÚΑ ËÄËëÞΠΑ b¨«ÞΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ «ÞΑ õÚüΑ Þ«Α «ÄΑ ÄæêÚΑ ÄΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ Α
ÚêÚÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ÃΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΠ
T½ÞΑĈÄΑ½ËöΑÄΑûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑb¨Α(«Äê
84
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
Statement 1 is correct and statement 3 is not correct:Α +æΑ «ÞΑ Α Ãê½æ«½æÚ½Α õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ ĺΑ ö«æ¨Α Α
ëÞÞ«ËÄΑ æËΑ «Ã×ÚËõΑ ÞË«½Α ÄΑ ËÄËëΑ ËêæËÃÞΑ «ÄΑ Þ«Α ÄΑ üËÄΠΑ êÚÚÄæ½üΑ «æΑ ¨ÞΑ ͒͐Α ××ÚËõΑ
ÃÃÚÞΑö«æ¨Α+Ä«ΑÞΑΑ¢ËêÄ«Ä£ΑÃÃÚΠ
Statement 2 is not correct: +Ä«Α«ÞΑæ¨ΑÞËÄΑ½Ú£ÞæΑިڨ˽ÚΑ«ÄΑ++ Αö«æ¨Α͐Π͎АΑõËæ«Ä£ΑÞ¨ÚÞΑö¨«½Α
¨«ÄΑ¨Ë½ÞΑ͋͏Π͉͏АΑõËæ«Ä£ΑÞ¨ÚÞΑ«Ä£Αæ¨Α½Ú£ÞæΠ
ANALYSIS:
b¨ΑÚÞËÄΑö¨üΑ樫ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑöÞΑÞºΑöÞΑÚÄæ½üΡΑ樫ÚΑÄÄê½ΑÃæ«Ä£ΑË¢Α++ ΑöÞΑ¨½Α«ÄΑAêëΑ
ö¨ÚΑÞ«ÄΑ+Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ"ËÚêÃΑöÞΑ½êĨΠΑ
½ÞËΡΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ æËΑ £ËΑ æ¨ÚË꣨Α æ¨Α Þ«Α «Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑ Ú½æΑ æËΑ £½Ë½½üΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ ĈÄÄ«½Α
Ëڣīāæ«ËÄÞΑ ½«ºΑ æ¨Α rËÚ½Α ĺΡΑ æ¨Α +A"ΡΑ æ¨Α rbHΡΑ æ¨Α Α λÞ«ÄΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ ĺμΡΑ æ¨Α BöΑ
õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ ĺΑλºΑüΑ W+[μΡΑæ¨Α++ ΡΑÞ׫½½üΑæ¨ËÞΑËڣīāæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αö¨«¨Α+Ä«Α«ÞΑΑÃÃÚΠ
Scope for elimination: b¨ΑĈÚÞæΑÞææÃÄæΑÄΑæ¨Α樫ÚΑÞææÃÄæΑËÄæÚ«æΑ¨ΑËæ¨ÚΑÞΑ«¢Α++ Α¨ÞΑ͉͑Α
ÃÃÚÞΑæ¨ÄΑæ¨üΑ½½ΑÄÄËæΑΑ¢ÚËÃΑËêæÞ«ΑÞ«Αλb¨ÚΑÚΑËĽüΑ͍͑ΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑ«ÄΑÞ«μΠΑb¨êÞΡΑ͊ΑÄΑ͌Α
ÄÄËæΑΑËæ¨ΑËÚÚæΠΑ;Ë£«½½üΡΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑÄΑΑ½«Ã«ÄæΠΑÄËæ¨ÚΑ½Ë£«ΑÄΑΑ××½«Α
λêæΑ«æΑ¨ÞΑ½ÃÄæΑË¢ΑÚ«ÞºμΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑæ¨ÚΑÚΑæöËΑÞ«ÄΑ×ËöÚÞΑ«££ÚΑæ¨ÄΑ+Ä«Αö¨«¨ΑÚΑ¨«ÄΑÄΑ
6×ÄΠΑb¨êÞΡΑ+Ä«ΑÄÄËæΑΑ½«õΑæËΑΑæ¨Α½Ú£ÞæΑިڨ˽ÚΠΑ(ÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑλ μΑÄΑΑ½«Ã«ÄæΠΑ
rΑÚΑ½¢æΑö«æ¨ΑËĽüΑËÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑÄΑ«æΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΠΑ
SOURCE : https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/index.html
85
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
Ë«Ä£Α êÞ«ÄÞÞΑ ÃÞêÚÞΑ Ú£ê½æ«ËÄÞΑ
ąæ«Ä£Α͊͊ΑÚÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α½«¢ΑË¢ΑΑêÞ«ÄÞÞΠΑ
bÄΑ Ë¢Α æ¨ÞΑ ÚÞΑ ÚΑ «Ä½êΑ «ÄΑ 樫ÞΑ
Ë«Ä£Α êÞ«ÄÞÞΑ͉͋͊͒ΑÚĺ«Ä£ΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÞΑË¢Α
Ë«Ä£Α êÞ«ÄÞÞΑ ÞæÚæ«Ä£Α Α êÞ«ÄÞÞΡΑ
½«Ä£Αö«æ¨ΑËÄÞæÚêæ«ËÄΑ×ÚëæÞΡΑ£ææ«Ä£Α
½æÚ««æüΡΑ Ú£«ÞæÚ«Ä£Α ×ÚË×ÚæüΡΑ £ææ«Ä£Α
Ú«æΡΑ ×ÚËææ«Ä£Α ëÄËÚ«æüΑ «ÄõÞæËÚÞΡΑ
×ü«Ä£Α æûÞΡΑ æÚ«Ä£Α ÚËÞÞΑ ËÚÚÞΡΑ
Ä¢ËÚ«Ä£Α ËÄæÚæÞΑ ÄΑ ÚÞ˽õ«Ä£Α
«ÄÞ˽õÄüΠΑ Ë«Ä£Α êÞ«ÄÞÞΑ ½ÞËΑ ÃÞêÚÞΑ
½ËêÚΑ ÃÚºæΑ Ú£ê½æ«ËÄΡΑ ö¨«¨Α «ÞΑ ÄËæΑ
«Ä½êΑ «ÄΑ 樫ÞΑ üÚϐÞΑ Úĺ«Ä£ΠΑ Hence
option (a) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
b¨ΑË«Ä£Α êÞ«ÄÞÞΑW×ËÚæΑ͉͋͊͒ΑöÞΑÚ½ÞΑÚÄæ½üΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέöööΠË«Ä£êÞ«ÄÞÞΠËÚ£έÄέÚ×ËÚæÞέ£½Ë½αÚ×ËÚæÞέË«Ä£αêÞ«ÄÞÞα͉͋͊͒
ANSWERS C
86
EXPLANATION
b¨Α#½Ë½ΑËÃ×æ«æ«õÄÞÞΑW×ËÚæΑλ#WμΑ«ÞΑΑüÚ½üΑÚ×ËÚæΑ×꽫ިΑüΑæ¨ΑrËÚ½ΑËÄËëΑ"ËÚêÃΠΑ
ANALYSIS:
[æêÄæÞΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑËõÚΑ樫ÞΑÞΑ×ÚæΑË¢ΑA¶ËÚΑ#½Ë½Α+Ä«ÞΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑÄΑËÄÄæΑæËΑ+Ä«Π
(ÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêêÞ«ÄÞÞ½«ÄΠËÃέËÄËÃüέ«Ä«αÚĺÞα͎͑æ¨αÃËÞæαËÃ×æ«æ«õαΑËÄËα
Ãüα«Äαö¢α«ÄûέÚ櫽͎͍͍͋͋͏͍͉Π
V͊͋ΠΑ+ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄæûæΑË¢Α+Ä«ΡΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α¢æËÚÞΑ«ÞέÚΑËÄæÚ«êæËÚÞέËÄæÚ«êæËÚÞΑæËΑ
reducing the risk of a currency crisis?
1. The foreign currency earnings of India’s IT sector
2. Increasing the government expenditure
3. Remittances from Indians abroad
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
Α êÚÚÄüΑ Ú«Þ«ÞΑ «ÞΑ ÚË꣨æΑ ËÄΑ üΑ Α ½«ÄΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α õ½êΑ Ë¢Α Α ËêÄæÚüϖÞΑ êÚÚÄüΠΑ b¨«ÞΑ ½«ÄΑ «ÄΑ õ½êΑ
Ä£æ«õ½üΑ ąæÞΑ ÄΑ ËÄËÃüΑ üΑ Úæ«Ä£Α «ÄÞ櫽«æ«ÞΑ «ÄΑ û¨Ä£Α ÚæÞΡΑ ÃÄ«Ä£Α æ¨æΑ ËÄΑ êÄ«æΑ Ë¢Α Α
Úæ«ÄΑêÚÚÄüΑÄËΑ½ËÄ£ÚΑêüÞΑÞΑÃê¨ΑÞΑ«æΑêÞΑæËΑ«ÄΑÄËæ¨ÚΑêÚÚÄü
Α ÞêÞæÄ櫽Α ÃËêÄæΑ Ë¢Α ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ û¨Ä£Α ÚÞÚõÞΑ ÄΑ ¨½×Α æËΑ êÞ¨«ËÄΑ £«ÄÞæΑ ÄüΑ Ú«ÞºÞΑ Ë¢Α êÚÚÄüΑ
crisis.
b¨Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑêÚÚÄüΑÚÄ«Ä£ÞΑË¢Α+Ä«ϖÞΑ+bΑÞæËÚΑÄΑÚëææÄÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑÚËΑöËê½Α½ΑæËΑÃËÚΑ«ÄĉËöΑ
Ë¢Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑêÚÚÄ«ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΑÄΑËËÞæΑæ¨Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑû¨Ä£ΑÚÞÚõÞΠ Hence statements 1 and
3 are correct.
Statement 2 is not correct ÞΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Αæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑû×Ä«æêÚΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑÚ½æΑæËΑ¨Ä£ÞΑ«ÄΑ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ
û¨Ä£ΑÚÞÚõÞΑËÚΑÄüΑêÚÚÄüΑĉêæêæ«ËÄÞΠ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : AÚËËÄËëÞΑλBWbΑ½ÞÞΑ͊͋μ
87
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
In purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rate — the rate at which the currency of one country would
have to be converted into that of another country to buy the same amount of goods and services in each
country. For example-If a burger is selling in India for Rs100 and in New York for $2, this would imply a PPP
exchange rate of 1 dollar to Rs50. Hence statement 1 is correct.
On the PPP basis, China is world's largest economy in 2018. Total wealth of china is estimated at 25.3
æÚ«½½«ËÄΑ «ÄæÚÄæ«ËĽΑ ˽½ÚΠΑ ¨«ÄΑ «ÞΑ ¢Ë½½ËöΑ üΑ fÄ«æΑ [ææÞΑ ö«æ¨Α Ĉ£êÚΑ ͊͒Π͍Α æÚ«½½«ËÄΠΑ +Ä«Α «ÞΑ æ¨Α 樫ÚΑ
largest economy , in terms of PPP dollars. Hence, Statement 2 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
PPP should be covered under basic of economics, it is a very important topic and theme is also repetitive.
Scope for elimination: If one knows the simple fact that in terms of PPP, India’s rank is number 3, then 2
Ë×æ«ËÄÞΑÄΑΑ½«Ã«ÄæΠΑ½ÞËΡΑæ¨ΑĈÄ«æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑTTTΑ«ÞΑΑÞ«Α¢æΠ
SOURCE : https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/india-pips-japan-in-gdp-based
-on-purchasing-power-parity/story/282226.html
88
V͍͊ΠΑΑ+¢ΑÄËæ¨ÚΑ£½Ë½ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÚ«Þ«ÞΑ¨××ÄÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄÚΑ¢êæêÚΡΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α
action/policies are most likely to give some immunity to India?
1. Not depending on short-term foreign borrowings
2. Opening up to more foreign banks
3. Maintaining full capital account convertibility
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
+¢ΑΑ£½Ë½ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÚ«Þ«ÞΑ¨××ÄÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α¢êæêÚΡΑ½ÞÞÚΑû×ËÞêÚΑæËΑæ¨Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÃÚºæÞΑ«ÞΑ½«º½üΑæËΑ
give some immunity to India. Hence option 1 is correct:
Short-term borrowings would lead to the burden of paying back the debt, and could result in stressful
conditions for the borrowing economy/ India. Hence option 2 is not correct.
Opening up to more foreign banks would lead to an enhanced exposure to the global economy, and hence
an increased risk. Hence option 3 is not correct.
Currency convertibility refers to a situation in which a currency can be converted into a foreign currency,
and vice-versa at the prevailing exchange rate without any government intervention. In India, we cannot
completely convert rupees to dollars as there are restrictions to the same.
Now, capital account convertibility is the freedom to convert domestic currency into a foreign currency,
and vice -versa wrt capital account transactions of the Balance of Payments accounts. It could also be the
¢ÚËÃΑæËΑËÄõÚæΑËÃÞæ«ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞÞæÞΑ뽫ºΑÚê×ÞμΑέΑ½««½«æ«ÞΑ«ÄæËΑ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑÞÞæÞΑέΑ½««½«æ«ÞΑÄΑ
vice -versa. It is more risky, as the foreign investors can withdraw all their money at once which called
׫æ½Αĉ«£¨æΠΑ
Risks associated with full capital account convertibility:
It increases the vulnerability of the domestic economy to external economic shocks. Hence the economy
becomes unstable. For example, during the American recession - countries that were more connected
öÚΑąæΑÃËÚΠΑ
Flight of capital: i.e. the withdrawal of huge foreign exchange within a short period of time. If full
ËÄõÚæ««½«æüΑ «ÞΑ ÄËæΑ æ¨ÚΡΑ æ¨Α W +Α ÄΑ ¨ºΑ æ¨Α ËÃ×½æΑ ö«æ¨Úö½Α Ë¢Α ¢êÄÞΠΑ λb¨«ÞΑ ĉ«£¨æΑ Ë¢Α ׫æ½Α
¨××ÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α[Ëêæ¨ΑÞæΑÞ«ÄΑÚ«Þ«ÞΑË¢Α͊͒͒͐ΠΑ"ËÚΑæ¨ÞΑÞ«ÄΑæ«£ÚÞΑαΑæ¨Α¢ÞæÞæΑ£ÚËö«Ä£ΑËÄËëÞΑË¢Α
æ¨ΑöËÚ½ΑαΑæ¨ΑêÚÚÄæΑËêÄæΑöÞΑ«ÄΑΑĈ«æΡΑêæΑæ¨ÚΑöÞΑÞ«£Ä«ĈÄæΑ«ÄĉËöΑ«ÄΑ樫ÚΑ׫æ½ΑËêÄæÞΠΑ
However, as interest rates in America increased, people withdrew their money and foreign exchange
began to deplete. The people began to fear that they would not be able to take their money out. Out of this
fear, everybody started to withdraw their investments- FDI was also withdrawn and the recession set in-
they collapsed in one go!)
+æΑ«ÄÚÞÞΑõ˽櫽«æüΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÃÞæ«ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÃÚºæÞΑ
The capital Account is potentially more volatile than the current account- People cannot start
consuming double/ triple/ four times the previous amount. But investment in shares accumulates, and
the entire money.
89
ANALYSIS:
b¨Α#½Ë½Α"«ÄÄ«½ΑÚ«Þ«ÞΑÄΑæ¨ΑÚ«××½ΑąæΑöÚΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæËΑΑΑÄ£æ«õΑ½ÄÃÚºΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½Α
-politico - economic history. Scope for Elimination: In this question, we need to understand that less
û×ËÞêÚΑæËΑ£½Ë½ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÃÚºæÞΑö«½½ΑÄÞêÚΑÞËÃΑ«ÃÃêÄ«æüΑæËΑ+Ä«ΑγΑ+ÄΑ樫ÞΑÞΡΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑ͋ΑÄΑ͌Α(refer
to more exposure) are opposite to option 1 (as it highlights less exposure), therefore, statement 1 cannot
come together with statement 2 and 3, hence we can easily eliminate options (b) and (c), and option (a) will
be the answer.
SOURCE : Macroeconomics (NCERT Class 12) can be referred to for some help
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
A reserve tranche is a portion of the required quota of currency each member country must provide to
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that can be utilized for its own purposes without a service fee
or economic reform conditions.
The IMF is funded through its members and their quota contributions. The reserve tranche is basically an
emergency account that IMF members can access at any time without agreeing to conditions or paying a
service fee.
b¨ΑÚÞÚõΑæÚĨÞΑæ¨æΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑ¨Ë½Αö«æ¨Αæ¨Α+A"ΑÚΑËÄÞ«ÚΑ樫ÚΑ¢«½«æ«ÞΑË¢ΑĈÚÞæΑÚÞËÚæΡΑÃÄ«Ä£Α
they will tap into the reserve tranche at a short notice before seeking a formal credit tranche. The reserve
tranche represents the member’s unconditional drawing right on the IMF, created by the foreign exchange
portion of the quota subscription, plus increase (decrease) through the IMF’s sale (repurchase) of the
member’s currency to meet the demand for use of IMF resources by other members in need of balance of
×üÃÄæÞΑĈÄÄ«Ä£Π
ANALYSIS:
This topic remains has always remained in the news. Hence, with respect to international bodies, this
question should have been prepared.
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ«Ã¢ΠËÚ£έûæÚĽέ×êÞέ¢æέË×έ͉͋͊͑έ×¢έ½Ú«Ĉæ«ËÄ͉͋͊͑Π×¢
90
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
«½æÚ½Α æÚΑ æöÄΑ +Ä«Α ÄΑ [Ú«Α ;ĺΑ ¨ÞΑ «ÄÚÞΑ üΑ ÚËêÄΑ ͒Α æ«ÃÞΑ æöÄΑ ͉͉͉͋α͉͊Α ÄΑ
͉͋͊͑α͊͒ΠΑbËæ½ΑæÚΑæöÄΑæ¨ΑæöËΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑöÞΑf[ϮΑ͏Π͋Α«½½«ËÄΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͑α͊͒ΡΑËêæΑË¢Αö¨«¨Α+Ä«ϐÞΑû×ËÚæÞΑ
æËΑ[Ú«Α;ĺΑöÚΑf[ϮΑ͍Π͐Α«½½«ËÄΑÄΑ«Ã×ËÚæÞΑöÚΑf[ϮΑ͊Π͎Α«½½«ËÄΠΑ½æ¨Ë꣨Α+Ä«Α¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑ¨ΑΑæÚΑ
ÞêÚ×½êÞΑö«æ¨Α[Ú«Α;ĺΡΑæ¨Α£ÞΑ¨ÞΑö«ÄΑÞ«ÄΑ͉͉͋͑α͉͒ΠΑ+ÄΑ͉͋͊͋α͊͌ΑÄΑ͉͋͊͏α͊͐Αæ¨ΑæÚΑÞ½êÃ×ΡΑ
thus disturbing the steady increase in the graph. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
Bangladesh is India’s biggest trade partner in South Asia. Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh
¨ÞΑ£ÚËöÄΑÞ櫽üΑËõÚΑæ¨Α½ÞæΑΠΑ+Ä«ϐÞΑû×ËÚæÞΑæËΑ Ä£½Þ¨Α«ÄΑ"xΑ͉͋͊͑α͊͒ΑÞæËËΑæΑϮ͒Π͋͊Α«½½«ËÄΑ
ÄΑ«Ã×ËÚæÞΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞÃΑ×Ú«ËΑöÞΑæΑϮ͊Π͉͍Α«½½«ËÄΠ Hence statement 3 is not correct.
According to the World Bank, India exports $2.25 billion-worth textile and clothing products to
Ä£½Þ¨ΠΑ +ÄΑ æêÚÄΡΑ «æΑ «Ã×ËÚæÞΑ Ϯ͌͌͏Α ë½½«ËÄαöËÚæ¨Α æû櫽Α ÄΑ ½Ë樫ģΑ ×ÚËêæÞΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ ¨ºΠΑ Hence
statement 2 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
One could have applied a simple logic to eliminate ‘statement 1’. It is rare for two countries like India and
Sri Lanka (although neighbours but Sri Lanka’s inclination towards China is well-known and the maritime
issues) to have a bilateral trade relationship that grew every year.Thus the word ‘consistently’ can be used
as a hint to infer that the statement is not correct. Thus options (a) and (d) are eliminated. Statement 2
seems more believable as one must have seen the ‘Made in Bangladesh’ tag in many textile items (again
there is some amount of risk involved). Hence option (b) is the correct answer. But one could be more
sure about the error in statement 3 as India and Nepal relations got embittered during the Nepali
Constitutional Crisis.
SOURCE : https://diplomatist.com/2020/03/03/india-sri-lanka-trade-relations/
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-plans-to-
enhance-trade-with-bangladesh/articleshow/76881534.cms
91
V͊͐ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑ"ËÚ«£ÄΑ«ÚæΑ+ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑö¨«¨ΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α«ÞΑËÄÞ«ÚΑ«æÞΑ
major characteristic?
(a) It is the investment through capital instruments essentially in a listed company.
(b) It is a largely non-debt creating capital flow.
(c) It is the investment which involves debt-servicing.
(d) It is the investment made by foreign institutional investors in the Government Securities.
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the investment by a non-resident entity/person resident outside India
in the capital of an Indian company under Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by
ΑTÚÞËÄΑWÞ«ÄæΑHêæÞ«Α+Ä«μΑW£ê½æ«ËÄÞΡΑ͉͋͊͐ΠΑb¨Α«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÞΑËÄΑæ¨ÚË꣨Α׫æ½Α«ÄÞæÚêÃÄæÞΑ«ÄΑ
(1) an unlisted Indian company; or (2) 10% or more of the post issue paid-up equity capital on a fully diluted
basis of a listed Indian company. Hence, option a is incorrect.
The investment can be made in equities or equity linked instruments or debt instruments issued by the
company. Thus, FDI isn’t directly associated with government securities, and hence option (d) is
incorrect.
Generally, FDI takes place when an investor establishes foreign business operations or acquires foreign
business assets, including establishing ownership or controlling interest in a foreign company
(investments linked with equities), transfer of technology. This means they aren’t just bringing money with
them, but also knowledge, skills and technology. Debt servicing is the regular repayment of interest and
principal on a debt for a particular period. Hence option (c) is incorrect.
ΑÄËÄαæΑÚæ«Ä£Α׫æ½ΑĉËöΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÄΑö¨ÚΑæ¨ÚΑ«ÞΑÄËΑ«ÚæΑÚ×üÃÄæΑ˽«£æ«ËÄΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑÚÞ«ÄæÞΠΑ
"+Α«ÞΑ½Ú£½üΑΑÄËÄαæΑÚæ«Ä£Α׫æ½ΑĉËöΡΑÄΑtherefore option (b) is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
It is again a basic term which is used in common day to day discussions on Economy. Hence, it is one of the
most simple terms that any student must know.
SOURCE : https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdi.asp
92
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
Under the Agreement on Trade - Related Investment Measures of the World Trade Organization (WTO),
(TRIMs Agreement), WTO members have agreed not to apply certain investment measures related to trade
in goods that restrict or distort trade. (TRIMs Agreement is a multilateral agreement on trade in goods, and
not services). Hence statement 2 is not correct.
The TRIMs Agreement prohibits certain measures that violate the national treatment (Article III) and
ÙêÄæ«ææ«õΑÚÞæÚ«æ«ËÄÞΑÚÙê«ÚÃÄæÞΑλÚ櫽Αw+μΑË¢Αæ¨Α#ÄÚ½Α£ÚÃÄæΑËÄΑbÚ«ąÞΑÄΑbÚΑλ#bbμΑ
͍͊͒͒ΠΑb¨Α½«ÞæΑË¢ΑbW+AÞΑ£ÚΑæËΑΑ«ÄËÄÞ«ÞæÄæΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ÞΑÚ櫽ÞΑ«Ä½êÞΑÃÞêÚÞΑö¨«¨ΑÚÙê«ÚΑαΑ
particular levels of local procurement by an enterprise (“local content requirements”), - restrict the
volume or value of imports such an enterprise can purchase, - use to an amount related to the level of
products it exports (“trade balancing requirements”). Hence statement 1 is correct.
TRIMs Agreement stipulates that certain measures adopted by Governments to regulate FDI can cause
æÚαÚÞæÚ«æ«õΑÄΑ«ÞæËÚæ«Ä£ΑąæÞΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑæ¨Α£ÚÃÄæΑ«ÞΑËĽüΑËÄÚÄΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑæÚΑąæÞΑ
of investment measures. It is not intended to deal with the regulation of investment as such and does not
impact directly on WTO members’ ability to regulate and place conditions upon the entry and
establishment of foreign investment. Hence statement 3 is correct
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/invest_e/trims_e.htm
93
V͊͒ΠΑb¨ΑæÚÃΑϖrÞæΑbûÞΑ+ÄæÚëæϖΡΑÞËÃæ«ÃÞΑ¢ËêÄΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΡΑÚ¢ÚÞΑæËΑΑ£ÚΑË¢Α
(a) Crude oil
(b) Bullion
(c) Rare earth elements
(d) Uranium
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
rÞæΑ bûÞΑ +ÄæÚëæΑ λrb+μΑ ÚêΑ Ë«½Α «ÞΑ Α Þ׫ĈΑ £ÚΑ Ë¢Α ÚêΑ Ë«½Α ÄΑ ËÄΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ëÄΑ æ¨ÚΑ
benchmarks in oil pricing, along with Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is known as a light sweet oil because it
ËÄæ«ÄÞΑ͉Π͍͋АΑÞê½¢êÚΑÄΑ¨ÞΑΑ½ËöΑÄÞ«æüΡΑú«Ä£Α«æΑϕ½«£¨æΠϕΑHence option (a) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wti.asp
ANSWERS A
94
EXPLANATION
In Capital Account of Balance of Payment, we can classify into Investment, Borrowings and External
ÞÞ«ÞæÄΠΑ+ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«Ä½êÞΑÙê«æüΑĉËöΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑ"ËÚ«£ÄΑêÚÚÄüΑËÄõÚ櫽Α ËÄÞΑλ" μΡΑ
"ËÚ«£ÄΑ+ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËĽΑ+ÄõÞæÃÄæΑö«æ¨ΑÚæ«ÄΑËÄ«æ«ËÄÞΑλÞê¶æΑæËΑæ¨ΑËõÚ½½Α½«Ã«æΑË¢Α͍͋АμΡΑÄΑ#½Ë½Α
Depository Receipts (GDR) are the instruments for the foreign investment in India. Hence options 1, 2, and
3 are correct.
BËÄαWÞ«ÄæΑ ûæÚĽΑ ×ËÞ«æÞΑ ÚΑ Α ϏæΑ Úæ«Ä£ϖΑ ĉËöΑ «ÄΑ ½ÄΑ Ë¢Α ×üÃÄæÞΑ ËêÄæÞ and
therefore, not part of Foreign Direct investments. Hence statement 4 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Conceptual question to check the basic understanding of terms in Economics.
SOURCE : The question is based on the conceptual understanding of FDI. Hence, it can be covered from
multiple sources including.
Excerpt from NCERT
95
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
õ½êæ«ËÄΑ ÃÄÞΑ ËĆ«½Α ½ËöÚ«Ä£Α Ë¢Α æ¨Α õ½êΑ Ë¢Α Α ËêÄæÚüϖÞΑ êÚÚÄüΑ ö«æ¨«ÄΑ Α ĈûΑ û¨Ä£Α ÚæΑ
ÞüÞæÃΠΑ õ½êæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α Α êÚÚÄüΑ ¨××ÄÞΑ «ÄΑ ËêÄæÚ«ÞΑö«æ¨Α ΑĈûΑ û¨Ä£Α ÚæΑ λËÚΑ ½ÞËΑö¨ÚΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ
ÃÄ£ΑĉËæ«Ä£ΑÚæμΠΑûÃ×½αΑ;æΑêÞΑÞÞêÃΑæ¨æΑ×Úõ«½«Ä£Αû¨Ä£ΑÚæΑË¢ΑϮ͊Α«ÞΑ͉͊ΑÚÞΠΑ[ËΑêÚÚÄæ½üΑ
1 rs is worth of $0.1. If devaluation of currency is done and now echange rate of $1 is 20 rs, this means 1 rs
is worth of $0.05. So the vaule of domestic currency (rs) is decreased in terms of value of foregin currency
($). Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
;æΑêÞΑæºΑÄËæ¨ÚΑûÃ×½ΑæËΑêÄÚÞæÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ͊αΑ+¢ΑΑÞ¨«ÚæΑËÞæÞΑϮ͑Α«ÄΑæ¨Αf[ΑÄΑWÞΑ͍͉͉Α«ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑ
æ¨ΑÚê×α˽½ÚΑû¨Ä£ΑÚæΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑΑWÞΑ͎͉ΠΑbËΑÞΑö¨üΡΑæΑÄüΑÚæΑ¨«£¨ÚΑæ¨ÄΑWÞΑ͎͉ΡΑÞüΑWÞΑ͏͉ΡΑ«æΑ
ËÞæÞΑWÞΑ͍͉͑Α×ÚΑÞ¨«ÚæΑ«ÄΑæ¨Αf[ΑêæΑËĽüΑWÞΑ͍͉͉Α«ÄΑ+Ä«ΠΑ+ÄΑæ¨æΑÞΡΑ½½Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑêÞæËÃÚÞΑöËê½ΑêüΑ
shirts from India. So devaluation of currency improves the competitveness of the domestic exports (India)
in the foreign markets. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
½ÄΑË¢ΑbÚΑλ HbμΑ«ÞΑæ¨Α«ąÚÄΑæöÄΑæ¨Αõ½êΑË¢Αû×ËÚæÞΑÄΑõ½êΑË¢Α«Ã×ËÚæÞΑË¢Α£ËËÞΑË¢ΑΑ
country in a given period of time. Regarding third statement, with the devaluation of currency
competitveness of the export improves, but trade balance depends upon both export as well as imports
and it is not necessarily true that devaluation of currency improves trade balance. (Let us take a possibility
in Indian economy, our economy is haveily dendent upon the import of crude oil, and at the time of
devaluation of currency, export increases but for the same period, demand for crude oil also increases due
to increased growth in the economy, and the value of this increase in import is more than the value of
«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑû×ËÚæΠΑ[ËΡΑ«ÄΑ樫ÞΑÞÄÚ«ËΑ£«ÄΑöΑ¨õΑĈ«æΑæÚΑ½ÄμΠΑHence statement 3 is not
correct.
ANALYSIS:
Exchange rate has always been in the news. Dollar-rupee comparison is a one of the important indicator
of the working of Indian economy.
V͋͋ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑϖræÚΑÚ«æϖΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ
1. It puts microfinance tools to work in the water and sanitation sector.
2. It is a global initiative launched under the aegis of the World Health Organization and the World Bank.
3. It aims to enable the poor people to meet their water need without depending on subsidies.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
ræÚΠËÚ£Α«ÞΑΑ£½Ë½ΑÄËÄα×ÚËĈæΑËڣīāæ«ËÄΑöËÚº«Ä£ΑæËΑÚ«Ä£ΑöæÚΑÄΑÞÄ«ææ«ËÄΑæËΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½ΠΑ+æΑÞæÚæΑ
æ¨Α«Ä«æ«æ«õΑË¢ΑræÚΑÚ«æΑ½ËÄΑ×ÚË£ÚÃΑæËΑÚÞÞΑæ¨ΑÚÚ«ÚΑË¢ΑąËÚ½ΑĈÄÄ«Ä£Α¢ËÚΑÞ¢ΑöæÚΑÄΑ
sanitation. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
ræÚΑÚ«æΑ«ÞΑΑ×ËöÚ¢ê½ΑÞ˽êæ«ËÄΑÄΑæ¨ΑĈÚÞæΑæËΑ×êæΑëÚËĈÄÄΑæË˽ÞΑæËΑöËÚºΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑöæÚΑÄΑ
sanitation sector.ΑræÚΑÚ«æΑ¨½×ÞΑÚ«Ä£ΑÞý½Α½ËÄÞΑæËΑæ¨ËÞΑö¨ËΑÄΑÞÞΑæËΑąËÚ½ΑĈÄÄ«Ä£Α
and expert resources to make household water and toilet solutions a reality.
97
EXPLANATION
How it works
+æΑ «Äæ«ĈÞΑ Α Ú£«ËÄΑ ö¨ÚΑ ×Ë×½Α ÄΑ ÞÞΑ æËΑ öæÚΑ ÄΑ ÞÄ«ææ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ æ¨æΑ «ÞΑ ÚüΑ ¢ËÚΑ Α
ëÚËĈÄÄΑÞ˽êæ«ËÄΠΑ
+æΑ×ÚæÄÚÞΑö«æ¨Αڢ꽽üΑÞ½æΑ«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑæËΑ×ÚËõ«ΑąËÚ½ΑĈÄÄ«Ä£Α¢ËÚΑöæÚΑÄΑÞÄ«ææ«ËÄΑæËΑ
families in need.
b¨ÞΑ ëÚËĈÄÄΑ ×ÚæÄÚÞΑ Þ潫ިΑ öæÚΑ ÄΑ ÞÄ«ææ«ËÄΑ ½ËÄÞΑ «ÄΑ 樫ÚΑ ×ËÚæ¢Ë½«ËΑ Ë¢Α ËąÚ«Ä£ÞΠΑ +æΑ
supports them by providing technical assistance, connections and resources to get them started.
TË×½Α«ÄΑÄΑêÞΑæ¨ÞΑÞý½ΡΑąËÚ½Α½ËÄÞΑæËΑ×êæΑΑæ×ΑËÚΑæË«½æΑ«ÄΑ樫ÚΑ¨ËÃÞΑÄΑÞÞΑ½Ë½Α
resources to do the work. It enables poor households to meet their water and sanitation needs without
depending on subsidies.
Every repaid loan can be lent to another family in need of safe water or sanitation.
Thus statements 1 and 3 are correct. Hence option (c) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
b¨«ÞΑæ¨ÃΑöÞΑÞ½«£¨æ½üΑËąæΑÞΑ«æΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑΑõÚüΑ×Ë×ê½ÚΑËڣīÞæ«ËÄΑ½«ºΑæ¨ΑrbHΑËÚΑæ¨Α+A"ΠΑ;Ë£«½½üΡΑ
these kind of topics can be prepared. One can only apply his intelligence on the spot.
SOURCE : https://water.org/solutions/watercredit/
Please Note:
If one goes by the theme of this question, it is slightly dilemmatic to classify it. It could
Α Þ¢½üΑ ½ÞÞ«ĈΑ êÄÚΑ Α ¨Α ϏA«Þ½½ÄËêÞϐΡΑ êæΑ ÞΑ æ¨Α «Ä«æ«æ«õΑ «ÞΑ æ¨æΑ Ë¢Α ÄΑ
international organisation, we have put it under ‘External Sector: International
Organisations’
Q23. "Rapid Financing Instrument" and "Rapid Credit Facility" are related to the provisions of lend-
ing by which one of the following?
(a) Asian Development Bank
(b) International Monetary Fund
(c) United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative
(d) World Bank
ANSWERS B
98
EXPLANATION
Recent context: The Finance minister of Sri Lanka has started bailout talks with the lender of last resort
λ+A"μΑ ÄΑ Þº«Ä£Α æ¨Α +A"ϐÞΑ Ú׫Α ĈÄÄ«½Α ÞÞ«ÞæÄΑ æËΑ 溽Α £ÚËö«Ä£Α Þ¨ËÚæ£ÞΑ Ë¢Α ¢ËËΡΑ ¢ê½Α ÄΑ
medicines.
The Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI)Α ×ÚËõ«ÞΑ Ú׫Α ĈÄÄ«½Α ÞÞ«ÞæÄΡΑ ö¨«¨Α «ÞΑ õ«½½Α æËΑ ½½Α
member countries facing an urgent balance of payments need. The RFI was created as part of a broader
Ú¢ËÚÃΑ æËΑ úΑ æ¨Α +A"ϐÞΑ ĈÄÄ«½Α Þê××ËÚæΑ ÃËÚΑ ĉû«½Α æËΑ ÚÞÞΑ æ¨Α «õÚÞΑ ÄÞΑ Ë¢Α ÃÃÚΑ
countries. The RFI replaced the IMF’s previous emergency assistance policy and can be used in a wide
range of circumstances. Financial assistance under the RFI is provided in the form of outright purchases
ö«æ¨ËêæΑæ¨ΑÄΑ¢ËÚΑΑ¢ê½½αĉ£Α×ÚË£ÚÃΑËÚΑÚõ«öÞΠΑΑÃÃÚΑËêÄæÚüΑÚÙêÞæ«Ä£ΑW"+ΑÞÞ«ÞæÄΑ«ÞΑ
ÚÙê«ÚΑæËΑ ËË×ÚæΑö«æ¨Αæ¨Α +A"ΑæËΑ úΑ ąËÚæÞΑæËΑ Þ˽õΑ «æÞΑ ½ÄΑ Ë¢Α ×üÃÄæÞΑ «Ćê½æ«ÞΑ ÄΑæËΑ
describe the general economic policies that it proposes to follow. Prior actions may be required where
warranted.
The Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) of IMF ×ÚËõ«ÞΑ Ú׫Α ËÄÞÞ«ËĽΑ ĈÄÄ«½Α ÞÞ«ÞæÄΑæËΑ ½Ëöα«ÄËÃΑ
countries (LICs) facing an urgent balance of payments (BoP) need with no ex post conditionality where a
¢ê½½αĉ£ΑËÄËëΑ×ÚË£ÚÃΑ«ÞΑÄ«æ¨ÚΑÄÞÞÚüΑÄËÚΑ¢Þ«½ΠΑb¨ΑW"ΑöÞΑÚæΑêÄÚΑæ¨ΑTËõÚæüΑ
Wêæ«ËÄΑÄΑ#ÚËöæ¨ΑbÚêÞæΑλTW#bμΑÞΑ×ÚæΑË¢ΑΑÚËÚΑÚ¢ËÚÃΑæËΑúΑæ¨Α"êÄϐÞΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞê××ËÚæΑÃËÚΑ
ĉû«½ΑÄΑææÚΑ櫽ËÚΑæËΑæ¨Α«õÚÞΑÄÞΑË¢Α;+ÞΡΑ«Ä½ê«Ä£Α«ÄΑæ«ÃÞΑË¢ΑÚ«Þ«ÞΠ
Hence option (b) is the current answer.
ANALYSIS:
Recently these provisions of lending were in news, due to Sri Lankan economic crisis.
SOURCE : https://www.imf.org/en/About/Fact-
sheets/Sheets/2016/08/02/19/55/Rapid-Financing-Instrument#:~:text=The%20Rapid%20
"«ÄÄ«Ä£А͉͋+ÄÞæÚêÃÄæА͉͋λW"+Ρ«õÚÞА͉͋ÄÞА͉͋Ë¢А͉͋ÃÃÚА͉͋ËêÄæÚ«ÞΠ
https://www.imf.org/en/About/Fact-
sheets/Sheets/2016/08/02/21/08/Rapid-Credit-Facility
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internation-
al/world-news/technical-level-discussions-with-sri-lanka-will-continue-imf/articleshow/9
1487174.cms?from=mdr
V͍͋ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑËÄËÃüΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ
1. An increase in Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) indicates the appreciation of rupee.
2. An increase in the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) indicates an improvement in trade competitiveness.
3. An increasing trend in domestic inflation relative to inflation in other countries is likely to cause an increasing diver-
gence between NEER and REER.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS C
99
BËëĽΑ ąæ«õΑ û¨Ä£Α WæΑ λBWμ is a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted
average of several foreign currencies. The nominal exchange rate is the amount of domestic currency
needed to purchase foreign currency. If a domestic currency increases against a basket of other
êÚÚÄ«ÞΑ«ÄÞ«ΑΑĉËæ«Ä£Αû¨Ä£ΑÚæΑÚ£«ÃΡΑBWΑ«ÞΑÞ«ΑæËΑ××Ú«æΠΑ+¢Αæ¨ΑËÃÞæ«ΑêÚÚÄüΑ
falls against the basket, the NEER depreciates. An increase in NEER indicates an appreciation of the local
currency against the weighted basket of currencies of its trading partners. Hence statement 1 is correct.
b¨ΑW½Αąæ«õΑû¨Ä£ΑWæΑλWWμΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÚ½Αąæ«õΑû¨Ä£ΑÚæΑλΑÃÞêÚΑË¢Αæ¨Αõ½êΑË¢ΑΑ
êÚÚÄüΑ£«ÄÞæΑΑö«£¨æΑõÚ£ΑË¢ΑÞõÚ½Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑêÚÚÄ«ÞμΑ«õ«ΑüΑΑ×Ú«ΑĉæËÚΑËÚΑ«ÄûΑË¢Α
ËÞæÞΠΑ +ÄΑ Þ«Ã×½ΑöËÚÞΡΑ Α Äæ«ËÄϖÞΑ ÄËëĽΑ ąæ«õΑ û¨Ä£Α ÚæΑ λBWμΡΑ ¶êÞæΑ¢ËÚΑ «Äĉæ«ËÄΑ «ÄΑæ¨Α
¨ËÃΑËêÄæÚüΡΑÙê½ÞΑ«æÞΑÚ½Αąæ«õΑû¨Ä£ΑÚæΑλWWμΠΑÄΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑWWΑ«Ã×½«ÞΑæ¨æΑû×ËÚæÞΑ
become more expensive and imports become cheaper; therefore, an increase indicates a loss in trade
competitiveness. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
WWΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑBWΑ¢æÚΑ¢æËÚ«Ä£Α«ÄΑÚ½æ«õΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΑλËÄÞêÃÚΑ×Ú«αÞΑ«ÄûμΑêÞ«Ä£ΑÞËÃΑÃÞêÚΑË¢Α
relative prices or costs; changes in the REER thus take into account both nominal exchange rate changes
ÄΑæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ąÚÄ櫽Αõ«Þααõ«ÞΑæÚ«Ä£Α×ÚæÄÚÞΠΑ[ËÚ«Ä£Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑö«½½Α«Ã×æΑWWΡΑö¨«¨ΡΑ«ÄΑæêÚÄΡΑ
öËê½Α«Äõ«æ½üΑ×êÞ¨Αê×Αæ¨ΑËÞæΑË¢ΑÃڨīÞΑÄΑąæΑæ¨ΑËÃ×æ«æ«õÄÞÞΑË¢Α+Ä«ÄΑû×ËÚæÞΠΑb¨êÞΡΑ
«¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ«ÄΑÄΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£ΑæÚÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÃÞæ«ΑÄæ«ËÄÞΑÚ½æ«õΑæËΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑËæ¨ÚΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΡΑ«æΑ«ÞΑ½«º½üΑ
to be an increasing divergence between NEER and REER. For instance, considering NEER and REER values
æöÄΑ×Ú«½Α͉͋͊͒ΑÄΑAüΑ͉͋͋͊Α«ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑæ¨ΑBWΑ¨ÞΑÄΑÃËÞæ½üΑ½«Ä«Ä£ΡΑö¨ÚÞΡΑWWΑÚëÄÞΑ«ÄΑ
ÞüÄΑö«æ¨Αæ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄÚüΑæÚÄÞδæ¨Αê×öÚΑ«ÞÞΑ«ÄΑWWΑêΑæËΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΑöÚΑ½ÚüΑ«Ä£Α¢½æΑ«ÄΑAüΑ
͉͋͋͊ΠΑb¨Α«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Α«ąÚÄΑæöÄΑæÚÄÞΑË¢ΑBWΑÄΑWWΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α½ÞæΑ͋͏ΑÃËÄæ¨ÞΑöÞΑêΑæËΑ+Ä«ϐÞΑ
ËÃÞæ«Α «Äĉæ«ËÄΑ «Ä£Α ¨«£¨ÚΑ Ú½æ«õΑ æËΑ æ¨Α Þ«ûΑ öËÚΑ êÚÚÄ«ÞΑ ËÄÞ«ÚΠΑ Hence statement 3 is
correct.
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×Þέέ樽×Π«Ã¢ΠËÚ£έºÄËö½£ÞέÚ櫽Þέ͎͍͌͐͏͒αö¨æα«ÞαÄËëĽαąæ«õαû¨
nge-rate-neer
¨ææ×Þέέ樽×Π«Ã¢ΠËÚ£έºÄËö½£ÞέÚ櫽Þέ͎͍͌͐͐͋αö¨æα«ÞαÚ½αąæ«õαû¨Ä£
-rate-reer
Please Note:
Certain concepts have been well explained in websites like Investopedia or one can
Ú¢ÚΑæËΑæ¨ΑËĆ«½ΑöÞ«æÞΑË¢Α+A"Α¢ËÚΑËÄ×æÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑû¨Ä£ΑÚæΡΑæΠ
100
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
Sustainable Investments in Infrastructure and Innovation (‘S3i’) In March 2020, Sustainable Investments
in Infrastructure and Innovation (S3i) was formally established as a stand-alone business unit in the
fBHT[Α£ËõÚÄÄΑÞæÚêæêÚΡΑú«Ä£ΑfBHT[Αæ¨ΑĈÚÞæΑfÄ«æΑBæ«ËÄÞΑËڣīāæ«ËÄΑ½ΑæËΑúΑ«ÚæΑ
investments from its own balance sheet.
+ÄΑ½«ÄΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑfBHT[Α[æÚ棫ΑT½ÄΡΑ͉͋͋͋α͉͎͋͋ΡΑæ¨Α[͌«ΑËĆΑö«½½ΑÞºΑæËΑĨÄΑÄΑ½ÚæΑæ¨Α
ąËÚæΑ Ë¢Α Ä££«Ä£Α ×꽫Α ÄΑ ×Ú«õæΑ ÞæËÚΑ «ÄõÞæËÚÞΑ æËΑ öËÚºΑ ˽½æ«õ½üΑ æËΑ Þ½Α ê×Α «Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ
«ÄõÞæÃÄæÞΑÄΑËÄÞ«ÚΑËαÚæ«Ä£Α«ÄÄËõæ«õΑĈÄÄ«Ä£ΑË×æ«ËÄÞΠΑb¨ΑfBHT[Α[͌«Αö«½½ΑËÄæ«ÄêΑÚ˽½«Ä£Α
ËêæΑæ¨Α«Ä«æ«æ«õΑÚËÞÞΑ«æÞΑæ¨ÚΑ¢ËêÞαÚÞΑλμΑąËÚ½Α¨ËêÞ«Ä£ΣΑλμΑÚÄö½ΑÄÚ£üΣΑÄΑλμΑ¨½æ¨Α
infrastructure. Hence only three are correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Under the S3i scheme, a British businessman was in the news as he was the sole businessman dealing
with the S3i related housing sector in Goa and there was a scandal reported in 2022. Although the Indian
Express covered it, but the criteria (in the question) were not mentioned.
SOURCE : https://indianexpress.com/article/india/in-60-million-dollar-un-scandal-a-2-5-million-
dollar-housing-investment-in-goa-and-no-house-to-show-for-it-7919071/
101
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
Statement I is incorrect: +Ä«ϐÞΑÞ¨ÚΑ«ÄΑ£½Ë½ΑÃڨīÞΑæÚΑ«ÞΑËĽüΑ͊Π͑АΑÄΑ͍АΑ«ÄΑ£½Ë½ΑÞÚõ«ÞΠΑ
+Ä«Α×½ÄÞΑæËΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«æÞΑû×ËÚæΑÞ¨ÚΑ«ÄΑ£½Ë½ΑæÚΑ¢ÚËÃΑ͋Π͊АΑæËΑ͌АΑüΑ͉͋͋͐ΑÄΑ͉͊АΑüΑ͉͍͋͐ΠΑ
Statement II is correct: The PLI scheme is open to both domestic and international manufacturers.
[ÃÞêÄ£ΑÞΑö½½ΑÞΑ+Ä«ÄΑĈÚÃÞΑÞê¨ΑÞΑ«ûËÄΑb¨Ä˽ˣ«ÞΡΑfb;ΡΑB˽üÄÞΡΑ;õΑ+ÄæÚÄæ«ËĽΡΑH×æ«ÃêÞΑ
Electronics and Micromax are also expanding their factories to take advantage of the PLI scheme.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Scope for elimination: On the face of it there is no scope for elimination, but if the aspirants are able to
Ĉ£êÚΑËêæΑæ¨æΑÄüΑË¢Αæ¨ΑæöËΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ«ÞΑ«ÄËÚÚæΡΑæ¨ÄΑæ¨üΑÄΑÞ«½üΑ£æΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΠΑ+ÄΑ樫ÞΑ
question, the second statement has a word, ‘some’ which in general is suggestive of its correctness.
Caution: That assumption also carries an element of risk.
On the reasons why it was asked could be the PLI scheme whichhas always been in the news and India’s
trade with the world is also an important theme. India’s global share in service exports is considerable
λ͍Π͍АμΠΑb¨«ÞΑüÚΑ£ËËϐÞΑû×ËÚæÞΑöÞΑÞºΡΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËëģΑüÚÞϐΑÞÚõ«Αû×ËÚæÞΑÃüΑΑÞºΠ
ʷ˜˙Ѓ˖˨˟˧ˬ˟˘˩˘˟ʭʷ˜˙Ѓ˖˨˟˧ʛ˔˦˙˔˖˧˨˔˟˜ˡˡ˔˧˨˥˘ʜ
102
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
Recently the United States of America and the European Union have launched the Trade and Technology
Council, a strategic coordination mechanism to tackle challenges at the nexus of trade, trusted
technology and security. Hence statement 1 is correct. It serves as a forum for the United States and
European Union to coordinate approaches to key global trade, economic, and technology issues and to
deepen transatlantic trade and economic relations based on these shared values.
Through the Council, the EU and the US are working together to: ensure that trade and technology serve
our societies and economies, while upholding our common values strengthen our technological and
industrial leadership expand bilateral trade and investment The aim is not about bringing technological
progress and physical productivity under their control, but rather about coordinating approaches with
respect to same. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
This is not a conventional theme that is covered in Economics but it was asked as recently EU set up a
Trade and Technology Council with India along the lines of the EU-US Trade and Technology Council. The
same was covered in The Hindu (Feb., 2023)
Statement II hints at it being a wrong statement as the two cannot claim to bring technological progress
under control. (It is an extreme statement).
If one can sense the extremeness of the statement and thus its incorrectness, then 3 options can be got
rid of, A, B and D
103
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is a set of rules designed to ensure that countries in the European
fÄ«ËÄΑ×êÚÞêΑÞËêÄΑ×꽫ΑĈÄÄÞΑÄΑËËÚ«ÄæΑ樫ÚΑĈÞ½Α×˽««ÞΠΑÞÚ«ΑÞΑæ¨ΑêÚËāËÄϖÞΑĈÞ½Α
Úê½Ë˺ΡΑæ¨Α[#TΑ«ÞΑΑÞæΑË¢ΑĈÞ½ΑÚê½ÞΑÞ«£ÄΑæËΑ×ÚõÄæΑfΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑÞ×Ä«Ä£ΑüËÄΑ樫ÚΑ
ÃÄÞΠΑ[«ÄΑ͊͒͒͐ΡΑÃÃÚΑÞææÞΑ¨õΑ£ÚΑæ¨æΑæ¨üΑÞ¨Ëê½Αº×Α#TΑÚæ«ËÞΑË¢ΑĈ«æΑÄΑæΑ½ËöΑ
͌АΑÄΑ͏͉АΑÚÞ×æ«õ½üΠΑb¨ΑêÚË×ÄΑËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΑÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄ«½ΑĈÄÄΑëīÞæÚÞΑ¨õΑæ¨ΑëÄΑêæüΑ
of surveillance. They issue an annual recommendation on policy measures every year and also monitor EU
countries to ensure each nation is compliant with budget regulations. Countries that break the rules for
æ¨ÚΑËÄÞêæ«õΑüÚÞΑÚΑĈÄΑΑÃû«ÃêÃΑË¢Α͉Π͎АΑË¢Α樫ÚΑ#TΠΑb¨Α[#TΑËÞΑÄËæΑúΑËêÄæÚ«ÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α
European Union share their infrastructure facilities or technologies. Hence only statement 1 is correct
and option (a) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
The European Union (EU) has been tested by three great external events, the Syrian refugee crisis, the
Coronavirus, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Each of these events challenges the EU’s Stability and
#ÚËöæ¨ΑTæΑλ[#TμΑæ¨æΑÞÄæ«ËÄÞΑÃÃÚΑÞææÞΑ«ÄêÚÚ«Ä£ΑûÞÞ«õΑê£æÚüΑĈ«æÞΠΑ(ÄΑ樫ÞΑöÞΑ
in the news.
As the standard newspapers did not widely cover the topic, this theme was lesser-know and slightly
«Ćê½æΠ
Scope for elimination: Not applicable
SOURCE : https://www.euronews.com/busi-
ness/2022/01/18/what-is-the-eu-s-stability-and-growth-pact-and-why-is-it-important
104
104
FINANCIAL MARKET
(11 Questions)
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) manages public debt and issues Indian currency denominated loans on behalf of the
central and the state governments under the powers derived from the Reserve Bank of India Act. The RBI is the debt
manager for both the Central Government and the State Governments. The RBI manages the debt of state
governments on the basis of separate agreements. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
Treasury bills or T-bills, which are money market instruments, are short term debt instruments issued by the
Government of India and are presently issued in three tenors, namely, 91 day, 182 day and 364 day. Treasury bills are
zero coupon securities and pay no interest. They are issued at a discount and redeemed at the face value at maturity.
For example, a 91 day Treasury bill of 100/- (face value) may be issued at say 98.20, that is, at a discount of say, 1.80
and would be redeemed at the face value of 100/-. The return to the investors is the difference between the maturity
value or the face value (that is 100). Hence, statements 2 and 3 are also correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Although it is a topic categorised under macroeconomics, it is not covered in the Introductory Macroeconomics book,
but it has comprehensively covered in the chapter Financial Markets of the Business Studies Class 12 book.
Kindly refer to the image shared below.
105
Q2. Which of the following is issued by registered foreign portfolio investors to overseas investors who
want to be part of the Indian stock market without registering themselves directly?
(a) Certificate of Deposits
(b) Commercial Paper
(c) Promissory Note
(d) Participatory Note
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
TαBËæÞΑ«ÞΑΑÞ«ΑËÄ×æΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α"«ÄÄ«½ΑAÚºæΠΑÞΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÃÚºæΡΑÞΑΑ¨×æÚΡΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑæ¨ÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α
Macroeconomics NCERT book, the same can be studied from arthapedia
SOURCE : http://www.arthapedia.in/index.php/Participatory_Notes_(PNs)
107
Q3. With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements:
1. 'Commercial Paper' is a short-term unsecured promissory note.
2. 'Certificate of Deposit' is a long-term instrument issued by the Reserve Bank of India to a corporation.
3. 'Call Money' is a short-term finance used for interbank transactions.
4. 'Zero-Coupon Bonds are the interest bearing short-term bond issued by the Scheduled Commercial Banks to
corporations.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note. It can be
issued for maturities between a minimum of 7 days and a maximum of up to one year from the date of issue
(short-term). Hence statement 1 is correct.
Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and is issued in dematerialised form against funds
deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period. Issued by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India, the CD is a promissory note, the interest on
which is paid by the financial institution. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
Call money rate is the rate at which short term funds are borrowed and lent in the money market among banks on a
day-today basis. Banks resort to this type of loan to fill the asset liability mismatch, comply with the statutory CRR and
SLR requirements and to meet the sudden demand of funds. Hence statement 3 is correct.
Bonds are a type of debt instrument. Zero Coupon Bonds are issued at a discount and redeemed at par. No interest
payment is made on such bonds at periodic intervals before maturity. Hence statement 4 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
V͍ΠΑ+Ä«ÄΑ#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ËÄΑx«½ÞΑÚΑ«ÄĉêÄΑüΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΧΑ
1. Actions of the United States Federal Reserve
2. Actions of the Reserve bank of India
3. Inflation and short-term interest rates
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
Bond yield is the return an investor gets on that bond or on a particular government security. It
×ÄÞΑËÄΑæ¨Α×Ú«ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÄΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑ«Ã×æΑüΑ«æÞΑÃÄΠΑb¨ΑöËÚΑ¢æËÚÞΑąæ«Ä£Αæ¨Αü«½Α«ÞΑ
the monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India,Α Þ׫½½üΑ æ¨Α ËêÚÞΑ Ë¢Α «ÄæÚÞæΑ ÚæÞΡΑ æ¨Α ĈÞ½Α
×ËÞ«æ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÄΑ«æÞΑËÚÚËö«Ä£Α×ÚË£ÚÃÃΡΑ£½Ë½ΑÃÚºæÞΡΑËÄËÃüΡΑÄΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΠΑ
æ«ËÄÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α fÄ«æΑ [ææÞΑ "Ú½Α WÞÚõΑ ÄΑ «Ã×æΑ æ¨Α «ÄõÞæÃÄæÞΑ ĉËö«Ä£Α «ÄΑ +Ä«ΠΑ b¨Α
«ÄõÞæÃÄæÞΑüΑ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ×½üÚÞΑ«ÄΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑÄΑΑąæΑüΑ樫ÞΠΑb¨«ÞΑö«½½Α½ΑæËΑ¨Ä£Α
in demand of government securities and thereby impacting its yield. Hence option 1 is correct.
Actions of Reserve bank determine the liquidity and also the cost of funds available in the economy
æ¨ÚË꣨Α «æÞΑ õÚ«ËêÞΑ «Äĉæ«ËÄΑ ÃÄ£ÃÄæΑ æË˽ÞΠΑ b¨Α ËÞæΑ Ë¢Α ¢êÄÞΑ ö«½½Α «Úæ½üΑ «Ã×æΑ æ¨Α ÃÄΑ Ë¢Α
£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÃÚºæΑÄΑæ¨ÚüΑ«ÄĉêÄ«Ä£Α«æÞΑü«½ΠΑHence option 2 is correct.
+Äĉæ«ËÄΑÄΑÞ¨ËÚæΑæÚÃΑÚæÞΑæÚëÄΑæ¨Α×êÚ¨Þ«Ä£Α׫æüΑË¢Αæ¨Α×Ë×½Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄËÃüΠΑb¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑ
樫ÞΑ½ÞËΑ¨ÞΑ«Ã×æΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÃÄΑÄΑ×Ú«ΑË¢Αæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑαÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑæ¨ÚüΑ«ÄĉêÄ«Ä£Αæ¨Αü«½ΠΑ
Hence option 3 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-rise-in-bond-yield-means-for-
investors-and-govt-7205054/ , NCERT – Introductory Macroeconomics, Chapter – Money and
Banking, Page number – 45, 46
Excerpt from NCERT
Please Note:
Yield is a general term that relates to the return on the capital you invest in a bond. Price and
ü«½ΑÚΑ«ÄõÚÞ½üΑÚ½æΑÞΑæ¨Α×Ú«ΑË¢ΑΑËÄΑ£ËÞΑê×ΡΑ«æÞΑü«½Α£ËÞΑËöÄΡΑÄΑõ«ΑõÚÞΠ
110
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
+ÄΑ "ÚêÚüΡΑ ͉͋͋͊ΡΑ W +Α ½½ËöΑ Ú櫽Α «ÄõÞæËÚÞΑ æËΑ «Úæ½üΑ ×êÚ¨ÞΑ £ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ËÄÞΑ üΑ Ë×Ä«Ä£Α £«½æΑ
ËêÄæÞΑ ö«æ¨Α W +ΠΑ W +Α ¨ÞΑ ×ÚËõ«Α Ú櫽Α «ÄõÞæËÚÞΑ ö«æ¨Α ËĽ«ÄΑ ÞÞΑ æËΑ æ¨Α £ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑ
market (primary and secondary) through the RBI (Retail Direct). Hence statement 1 is correct.
Previously, retail investors can purchase government bonds by registering themselves on stock exchanges
for non-competitive bids. Other route for retail investors is to buy government bonds is government
ÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑ 룫½æμΑ Ãêæê½Α ¢êÄÞΠΑ b¨ÞΑ ÚΑ Ãêæê½Α ¢êÄÞΑ ö¨«¨Α «ÄΑ æêÚÄΑ «ÄõÞæΑ «ÄΑ £ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ÞêÚ«æ«ÞΠΑ
Negotiated Dealing System-Order Matching (NDS-OM) is a screen based electronic anonymous order
Ã樫ģΑÞüÞæÃΑ¢ËÚΑÞËÄÚüΑÃÚºæΑæÚ«Ä£Α«ÄΑ#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑËöÄΑüΑW +ΠΑb¨ΑÃÃÚÞ¨«×ΑË¢Α
the system is open to entities like Banks, Primary Dealers, Insurance Companies, Mutual Funds etc. i.e.
Äæ«æ«ÞΑö¨ËΑëÄæ«ÄΑ[#;ΑËêÄæÞΑö«æ¨ΑW +ΠΑHence, statement 2 is correct.
ÄæÚ½Α×ËÞ«æËÚüΑ[Úõ«ÞΑ;æΑλ[;μΑöÞΑ×ÚËÃËæΑüΑ [Α;æΠΑ¶Ë«Äæ½üΑö«æ¨Α½«Ä£ΑĺÞΑÞê¨ΑÞΑ[ææΑ
Bank of India, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, HDFC Bank, Standard Chartered Bank and Union Bank of India.
[;ΑöÞΑÞæΑê×Αö«æ¨Αæ¨Α˶æ«õΑË¢Α×ÚËõ««Ä£ΑËÄõÄ«ÄæΡΑ׼ΑÄΑÞêÚΑ×ËÞ«æËÚüΑÞÚõ«ÞΑæΑ
ąËÚ½Α ËÞæΑæËΑ ½½Α ÃÚºæΑ ×Úæ««×ÄæÞΠΑΑ ×ËÞ«æËÚüΑ¢«½«ææÞΑ ¨Ë½«Ä£Α Ë¢Α ÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑ «ÄΑæ¨Α ½æÚËÄ«Α
form and enables securities transactions to be processed by book entry. Hence, statement 3 is not
correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
TÚæ««×æ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α Ú櫽Α «ÄõÞæËÚÞΑ «ÄΑ ×Ú«ÃÚüΑ ÃÚºæΑ ¨ÞΑ ÄΑ «ÄΑ ÄöÞΠΑ b¨Α ÄêÃÚÞΑ ÚΑ û×ËÄÄ櫽½üΑ
increasing in 2023 also.
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ½«õëÄæΠËÃέÃËÄüέ×ÚÞËĽαĈÄÄέ½½αüËêαÄαæËαºÄËöαËêæαΑ£ËõÚÄα
ment-bonds-purchase-11612514003080.html
https://m.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=86
111
112
V͏ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑËÄËÃüΡΑö¨æΑÚΑæ¨ΑõÄæ£ÞΑË¢Αϕ+Äĉæ«ËÄα+ÄûΑ ËÄÞΑ
(IIBs)"?
1. Government can reduce the coupon rates on its borrowing by way of IIBs.
2. IIBs provide protection to the investors from uncertainty regarding inflation.
3. The interest received as well as capital gains on IIBs are not taxable.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
+Äĉæ«ËÄα«ÄûΑ ËÄÞΑ «ÄΑ +Ä«Α öÚΑ «ÞÞêΑ üΑ æ¨Α WÞÚõΑ ĺΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α λW +μΑ «ÄΑ ͉͋͊͌Α ÄΑ öÚΑ
benchmarked to Wholesale Price Index (WPI).
+Äĉæ«ËÄα«ÄûΑËÄÞΑÚΑĈÄÄ«½Α«ÄÞæÚêÃÄæÞΑæ¨æΑææÃ×æΑæËΑ×ÚËææΑæ¨ΑËÄÞϖΑ×êÚ¨Þ«Ä£Α×ËöÚΑüΑ
æü«Ä£Α«ÄæÚÞæΑÄΑ×ګī׽Α×üÃÄæÞΑæËΑÄΑ«ÄûΑË¢Α×Ú«Α¨Ä£ÞΠΑ+ÄûΑËÄÞΑ«Ä½êΑæöËΑæü×ÞΑË¢Α
ËÃ×ÄÞæ«ËÄΡΑ Α Ú½Α ÚæΑ Ë¢Α ÚæêÚÄΑ ×½êÞΑ Α ËÃ×ÄÞæ«ËÄΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α ÚËÞ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α ×êÚ¨Þ«Ä£Α ×ËöÚΠΑ +Äĉæ«ËÄΑ
ËÃ×ËÄÄæΑËÄΑ×ګī׽Αö«½½ΑÄËæΑΑ׫Αö«æ¨Α«ÄæÚÞæΑêæΑæ¨ΑÞÃΑöËê½ΑΑ¶êÞæΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×ګī׽ΑüΑ
Ãê½æ«×½ü«Ä£Α ×ګī׽Α ö«æ¨Α «ÄûΑ Úæ«ËΑ λ+WμΠΑ æΑ æ¨Α æ«ÃΑ Ë¢Α ÚÃ×æ«ËÄΡΑ ¶êÞæΑ ×ګī׽Α ËÚΑ æ¨Α ¢ΡΑ
ö¨«¨õÚΑ«ÞΑ¨«£¨ÚΡΑöËê½ΑΑ׫ΠΑ+ÄæÚÞæΑÚæΑö«½½ΑΑ×ÚËõ«Α×ÚËææ«ËÄΑ£«ÄÞæΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΑüΑ×ü«Ä£Α
ĈûΑËê×ËÄΑÚæΑËÄΑæ¨Α×ګī׽Α¶êÞæΑ£«ÄÞæΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΠΑHence statement 2 is correct.
ËÄËëÞæÞΑ¨õΑÚ£êΑæ¨æΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄûΑËÄÞΑËê½ΑÚêΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ΑËÞæÞΠΑ+¢Αæ¨Α
ÃÚºæΑ ËõÚÞæ«ÃæÞΑ ¢êæêÚΑ «Äĉæ«ËÄΡΑ £ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ö«½½Α ÚêΑ ËÚÚËö«Ä£Α ËÞæÞΑ üΑ «ÞÞê«Ä£Α «Äĉæ«ËÄΑ
indexed bonds rather than nominal bonds. This may occur because, for example, investors• expectations
ÚΑ ÄËæΑ ËÃ×½æ½üΑ ¢ËÚöÚα½Ë˺«Ä£Α ËÚΑ Úæ«ËĽΠΑ ½æÚÄæ«õ½üΡΑ æ¨Α £ËõÚÄÃÄæΡΑ êÞΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ ½Α æËΑ
«ÄĉêÄΑ«Äĉæ«ËÄΑæ¨ÚË꣨Α«æÞΑ×˽««ÞΡΑÃüΑ¨õΑææÚΑ«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑËêæΑæ¨Α¢êæêÚΑËêÚÞΑË¢Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΡΑËÚΑ
perhaps has more faith in its commitment to contain it than the public does. In these cases a treasury can
½ËöÚΑ«æÞΑËÞæÞΑüΑ«ÞÞê«Ä£Α«ÄûΑËÄÞΠΑ"ËÚΑûÃ×½ΡΑ«¢ΑËê×ËÄΑÚæΑË¢Α++ ÞΑ«ÞΑĈûΑ͊Π͎ΑАΑËõΑrT+Αλr¨Ë½Α
Þ½Α×Ú«Α«ÄûμΑÄΑêÚÚÄæΑrT+Α«ÞΑ͍АΡΑÞËΑąæ«õΑÚæΑö«½½ΑΑ͎Π͎АΑλ͍Ϲ͊Π͎μΠΑ+ÄΑ¢êæêÚΡΑö¨ÄΑrT+Α¢½½ÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ
͍АΑæËΑ͋АΡΑæ¨ÄΑąæ«õΑËê×ËÄΑÚæΑö«½½ΑËÃΑ͌Π͎АΑλ«ΠΑ͋Ϲ͊Π͎μΑÄΑæ¨êÞΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÄΑÚêΑæ¨Α
Ëê×ËÄΑÚæÞΑËÄΑ«æÞΑËÚÚËö«Ä£ΑüΑöüΑË¢Α++ ÞΑæ¨ÚË꣨ΑÚê«Ä£Α«Äĉæ«ËÄÚüΑæÚÄÞΠΑHence statement 1 is
correct.
ûæÄæΑæûΑ ×ÚËõ«Þ«ËÄÞΑö«½½Α Α ××½«½Α ËÄΑ «ÄæÚÞæΑ ×üÃÄæΑ ÄΑ ׫æ½Α £«ÄÞΑ ËÄΑ ++ ÞΠΑb¨ÚΑö«½½Α Α ÄËΑ
special tax treatment for these bonds. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
++ ÞΑöÚΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΡΑÞΑW +ΑæÚ«ÞΑæËΑ£ê£ΑÃÄΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑÞÃΑêΑæËΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Α«Äĉæ«ËÄΠ
SOURCE : https://m.rbi.org.in/Scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=91
113
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
Credit rating agencies in India are regulated by SEBI. The SEBI (Credit Rating Agencies) Regulations, 1999
govern the credit rating agencies and provide for eligibility criteria for registration of credit rating
£Ä«ÞΡΑÃËÄ«æËÚ«Ä£ΑÄΑÚõ«öΑË¢ΑÚæ«Ä£ÞΡΑÚÙê«ÚÃÄæÞΑ¢ËÚΑΑ×ÚË×ÚΑÚæ«Ä£Α×ÚËÞÞΡΑõË«ÄΑË¢ΑËÄĉ«æΑ
of interest and inspection of rating agencies by SEBI, amongst other things. Hence statement 1 is not
correct.
+WΑ;«Ã«æΑλ¢ËÚÃÚ½üΑ+ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ+Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑÄΑÚ«æΑWæ«Ä£Α£ÄüΑË¢Α+Ä«Α;«Ã«æμΑöÞΑÞæΑê×Α«ÄΑ
͊͒͒͊ΑüΑ½«Ä£ΑĈÄÄ«½έ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΡΑËÃÃÚ«½ΑĺÞΑÄΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞÚõ«ÞΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑÞΑ
an independent and professional investment Information and Credit Rating Agency. Today, ICRA and its
ÞêÞ««Ú«ÞΑæË£æ¨ÚΑ¢ËÚÃΑæ¨Α+WΑ#ÚËê×ΑË¢ΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑλ#ÚËê×Α+WμΠΑ+WΑ«ÞΑΑT꽫Α;«Ã«æΑËÃ×ÄüΡΑ
ö«æ¨Α«æÞΑÞ¨ÚÞΑ½«ÞæΑËÄΑæ¨Α ËÃüΑ[æ˺Αû¨Ä£ΑÄΑæ¨ΑBæ«ËĽΑ[æ˺Αû¨Ä£ΠΑHence statement
2 is correct.
Ú«ºöËÚºΑ Wæ«Ä£ÞΑ λ rWμΡΑ «ÞΑ Α [ +Α Ú£«ÞæÚΑ +Ä«ÄΑ Ú«æΑ Wæ«Ä£Α £ÄüΑ ¢ËêÄΑ üΑ ĺÚÞΡΑ Ú«æΑ
Úæ«Ä£Α×ÚË¢ÞÞ«ËĽÞΡΑ¢ËÚÃÚΑÚ£ê½æËÚÞΑÞΑö½½ΑÞΑ×ÚË¢ÞÞËÚÞΡΑ«ÞΑËÃëææΑæËΑ×ÚËÃËæ«Ä£Α"«ÄÄ«½Α;«æÚüΠΑ
Ú«ºöËÚºΑWæ«Ä£ÞΑ¨ÞΑÄÚΑ ĺΡΑΑ½«Ä£ΑT꽫Α[æËÚΑ ĺΡΑÞΑ«æÞΑ×ÚËÃËæÚΑÄΑÞæÚ棫Α×ÚæÄÚΠΑ
Hence statement 3 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
WÄæ½üΡΑ[bΑÞæÞΑÞ«ΑWÞΑ͊ΑÚËÚΑ׼æüΑ«Ã×ËÞΑËÄΑ Ú«ºöËÚºΑWæ«Ä£ÞΑüΑæ¨Α[ +
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠÞ«Π£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«εæέ¢ÙĈ½ÞέËæα͉͋͋͊έ͊͏͍͉͌͒͋͏͏͍͌͐͊Π×¢
https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sat-sets-aside-rs-1-cr-penalty-
imposed-on-brickwork-ratings-by-sebi-122032801153_1.html
https://www.brickworkratings.com/Aboutus.aspx
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ«ÚΠ«Äέ(ËÃέTÚËĈ½άЅæûæϽ+WА͉͋«ÞА͉͋А͉͋T꽫А͉͋;«Ã«æΡÄАΑ
͉͋æ¨А͉͋Bæ«ËĽА͉͋[æ˺А͉͋û¨Ä£
114
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
ΑËÄõÚ櫽ΑËÄΑ«ÞΑΑĈûα«ÄËÃΑËÚ×ËÚæΑæΑÞêÚ«æüΑæ¨æΑü«½ÞΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ×üÃÄæÞΡΑêæΑÄΑΑ
ËÄõÚæΑ«ÄæËΑΑ×ÚæÚëÄΑÄêÃÚΑË¢ΑËÃÃËÄΑÞæ˺ΑËÚΑÙê«æüΑÞ¨ÚÞΠΑ+æΑËąÚÞΑ«ÄõÞæËÚÞΑΑæü×ΑË¢Α
¨üÚ«ΑÞêÚ«æüΑæ¨æΑ¨ÞΑ¢æêÚÞΑË¢ΑΑËÄΡΑÞê¨ΑÞΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ×üÃÄæÞΡΑö¨«½Α½ÞËΑ¨õ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑË×æ«ËÄΑæËΑ
ËöÄΑæ¨ΑêÄÚ½ü«Ä£ΑÞæ˺Π
+ÞÞê«Ä£ΑËÄõÚ櫽ΑËÄÞΑÄΑ¨½×ΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑëīëāΑÄ£æ«õΑ«ÄõÞæËÚΑÞÄæ«ÃÄæΑæ¨æΑöËê½ΑÞêÚÚËêÄΑ
Ùê«æüΑ«ÞÞêÄΠ"êÚæ¨ÚΡΑ«ÞÞê«Ä£ΑËÄõÚ櫽ΑËÄÞΑÄΑ½ÞËΑ¨½×Α×ÚËõ«Α«ÄõÞæËÚÞΑö«æ¨ΑÞËÃΑÞêÚ«æüΑ«ÄΑ
æ¨ΑõÄæΑË¢Α¢ê½æΠΑΑËÄõÚ櫽ΑËÄΑ×ÚËææÞΑ«ÄõÞæËÚÞϖΑ×ګī׽ΑËÄΑæ¨ΑËöÄÞ«ΡΑêæΑ½½ËöÞΑæ¨ÃΑæËΑ
×Úæ««×æΑ«ÄΑæ¨Αê×Þ«ΑÞ¨Ëê½Αæ¨ΑêÄÚ½ü«Ä£ΑËÃ×ÄüΑÞêΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑËÄõÚ櫽ΑËÄÞΑæÄΑæËΑ
ËąÚΑΑ½ËöÚΑËê×ËÄΑÚæΑËÚΑÚæΑË¢ΑÚæêÚÄΑ«ÄΑû¨Ä£Α¢ËÚΑæ¨Αõ½êΑË¢Αæ¨ΑË×æ«ËÄΑæËΑËÄõÚæΑæ¨ΑËÄΑ«ÄæËΑ
ËÃÃËÄΑÞæ˺ΠΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑÄĈæΑÞ«ÄΑæ¨üΑÄΑ«ÞÞêΑæΑæΑ½ËöÚΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑÚæÞΑæ¨ÄΑö«æ¨ΑæÚ«æ«ËĽΑ
ËÄΑËąÚ«Ä£ÞΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑÄËæΑ½½ΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑËąÚΑËÄõÚ櫽ΑËÄÞΠΑHence statement 1 is correct.
b¨ΑË×æ«ËÄΑæËΑËÄõÚæΑæËΑÙê«æüΑąËÚÞΑæ¨ΑËĨ˽ÚΑΑ£ÚΑË¢Α«Äûæ«ËÄΑæËΑÚ«Þ«Ä£ΑËÄÞêÃÚΑ×Ú«ÞΠΑ
ÞΑ «Äûæ«ËÄΑ ö«½½Α ÄÞêÚΑ æ¨æΑ ×Ú«ÞΑ ÚΑ ¶êÞæΑ ö«æ¨Α «Äĉæ«ËÄΑ ËõÚΑ Α ×Ú«ËΑ Ë¢Α æ«ÃΠr«æ¨Α æ¨Α ¨½×Α Ë¢Α
«Äûæ«ËÄΡΑ ËĨ˽ÚÞΑö«½½Α Α ½ΑæËΑ ½ËöÚΑ樫ÚΑ ½ËÄ£αæÚÃΑ ׫æ½Α £«ÄÞΑ λÞΑ樫ÚΑ «ÄõÞæÃÄæΑö«½½Α Α
¶êÞæΑö«æ¨Α«Äĉæ«ËÄμΑõÄΑö¨ÄΑËÄõÚæ«Ä£ΑËÄÞΑ«ÄæËΑÙê«æüΡΑö¨«¨ΑÚ«Ä£ÞΑËöÄΑ樫ÚΑæû½Α«ÄËÃΠ
Hence statemnet 2 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
There is no scope for elimination as it is a 2-statement question.
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ«ÄõÞæË׫ΠËÃέæÚÃÞέέËÄõÚ櫽ËÄΠÞ×άЅα
æûæϽ(ËöõÚА͋А͉͋ËÄõÚ櫽А͉͋ËÄÞА͉͋æÄА͉͋æËΡ½½А͉͋ËÃ×Ä«ÞА͉͋ËąÚА͉͋
ËÄõÚ櫽А͉͋ËÄÞΠ
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠËÄËëÞæΠËÃέĈÄÄαÄαËÄËÃα
ics/2021/07/10/why-convertible-bonds-are-the-asset-class-for-the-times
115
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
Α׫æ½ΑÃÚºæΑ«ÞΑΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÃÚºæΑö¨ÚΑ½ËÄ£αæÚÃΑæΑËÚΑÙê«æüαºΑÞêÚ«æ«ÞΑÚΑË꣨æΑÄΑ
sold. It includes 1. Government Bonds - In India, fall under the broad category of government securities
λ#α[μΑÄΑÚΑ×Ú«ÃÚ«½üΑ½ËÄ£ΑæÚÃΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑæË˽ÞΑ«ÞÞêΑ¢ËÚΑ×Ú«ËÞΑÚÄ£«Ä£Α¢ÚËÃΑ͎ΑæËΑ͍͉ΑüÚÞΠΑ+æΑÄΑ
be issued by both Central and State governments of India. 2. Capital market refers to a broad spectrum of
æÚ½Α ÞÞæÞΑ æ¨æΑ «Ä½êÞΑ æ¨Α Þæ˺Α ÃÚºæΑ ÞΑ ö½½Α ÞΑ Ëæ¨ÚΑ õÄêÞΑ ¢ËÚΑ æÚ«Ä£Α «ąÚÄæΑ ĈÄÄ«½Α
products. Treasury bills are money market instruments issued by the Government of India and call
money market is an essential part of the Indian Money Market, ö¨ÚΑ æ¨Α üαæËαüΑ ÞêÚ×½êÞΑ ¢êÄÞΑ
(mostly of banks) are traded.
Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
V͉͊ΠΑ+ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄæûæΑË¢ΑĈÄÄΡΑæ¨ΑæÚÃΑϖæϖΑÚ¢ÚÞΑæËΑ
(a) the process of simultaneous buying and selling of an asset from difference platforms.
(b) an investment strategy of a portfolio manager to balance risk versus reward.
(c) a type of systemic risk that arises where perfect hedging is not possible.
(d) a numeric value that measures the fluctuations of a stock to changes in the overall stock market.
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
Beta (β) is a measure of the volatility—or systematic risk—of a security or portfolio compared to the market
ÞΑΑö¨Ë½ΠΑÙê«æ«ÞΑ¨õ«Ä£ΑΑæΑõ½êΑ½Ú£ÚΑæ¨ÄΑËÄΡΑËÚΑ¨«£¨ΑæΑÞæ˺ÞΡΑÚΑË¢æÄΑºÄËöÄΑÞΑõ˽櫽Α
Þæ˺ÞΠΑb¨ΑÞ½«£¨æÞæΑ¶êÞæÃÄæÞΑ«ÄΑÞæ˺ΑÃÚºæΑ«Ä«æËÚÞΑ¨õΑΑ«£Α«ÄĉêÄΑËÄΑæ¨ÃΠΑΑÞêÚ«æüΑæ¨æΑ«ÞΑ
ËÃ×Úæ«õ½üΑÃËÚΑÞæ½Α«ÞΑΑ½ËöΑæΑÞæ˺Α«ΠΠΑ¨ÞΑΑæΑÚæ«Ä£Α½ËöΑ͊ΠΑHence option (d) is the correct
answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : 7KH+LQGXKDGH[SODLQHGWKHWHUPȏEHWDȐH[WHQVLYHO\EXWORQJDJRLQDUWLFOHLQDQDUWLFOHLQ-XQH
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέË׫īËÄέË×αέö¨æαËÞαæαÃÄÞα«ÄαĈÄÄέÚ櫽Α
19165973.ece?homepage=true
ANSWERS D
117
EXPLANATION
Statement I is incorrect: The Finance (No.2) Act, 2014 introduced a special taxation regime for Real Estate
Investment Trust (REIT) and Infrastructure Investment Trust (InVIT) (commonly referred to as business
æÚêÞæÞμΠΑ+Äõ+bÞΑ×ÚËõ«ΑæöËΑ«ąÚÄæΑæü×ÞΑË¢ΑÚæêÚÄÞΑæËΑ«ÄõÞæËÚÞΑγΑ«õ«ÄΑ+ÄËÃΑÄΑ׫æ½Α#«ÄÞΠΑ
¨Αæü×ΑË¢Α«ÄËÃΑ¨ÞΑΑ«ąÚÄæΑæûΑæÚæÃÄæΠ Any dividend or interest income that you get from an
InvIT is completely taxable as per your Income Tax Slab rate. This income has to be declared every year in
your Income Tax Return under the head “Income from Other Sources”.
Statement II is correct: As per the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and
Ä¢ËÚÃÄæΑË¢Α[êÚ«æüΑ+ÄæÚÞæΑæΡΑ͉͉͋͋ΡΑύËÚÚËöÚώΑÃÄÞΑοÄüΑ×ÚÞËÄΑö¨ËΡΑËÚΑΑ×Ë˽Α«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ
õ¨«½ΑÞΑĈÄΑ«ÄΑ½êÞΑλμΑË¢ΑÞæ«ËÄΑ͋ΑË¢Αæ¨Α[êÚ«æ«ÞΑËÄæÚæÞΑλW£ê½æ«ËÄμΑæΡΑ͎͊͒͏Αλ͍͋ΑË¢Α͎͊͒͏μΑ
ö¨«¨ΡπΑ¨ÞΑÄΑ£ÚÄæΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞÞ«ÞæÄΑüΑÄüΑĺΑËÚΑĈÄÄ«½Α«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄΑËÚΑö¨ËΑ¨ÞΑ£«õÄΑÄüΑ
£êÚÄæΑËÚΑÚæΑÄüΑÃËÚ棣ΑËÚΑ×½£ΑÞΑÞêÚ«æüΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞÞ«ÞæÄΑ£ÚÄæΑüΑÄüΑĺΑ
ËÚΑ ĈÄÄ«½Α «ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄΑ οÄΑ «Ä½êÞΑ Α ×ÚÞËÄΑ ö¨ËΡΑ ËÚΑ Α ×Ë˽Α «ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ õ¨«½Α ö¨«¨ΡπΑ ËÃÞΑ
ËÚÚËöÚΑË¢ΑΑοÞÞæΑÚËÄÞæÚêæ«ËÄΑËÃ×ÄüπΑËÄÞÙêÄæΑê×ËÄΑÙê«Þ«æ«ËÄΑüΑ«æΑË¢ΑÄüΑÚ«£¨æÞΑËÚΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ
Ë¢ΑÄüΑĺΑËÚΑĈÄÄ«½Α«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑÚ½æ«ËÄΑæËΑÞê¨ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞÞ«ÞæÄΠ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Additional Information
What is interest income and dividend income?
r¨«½Α«ÄæÚÞæΑ«ÄËÃΑ«ÞΑÚÄΑüΑΑ½ÄÚΑ¢ÚËÃΑΑËÚÚËöÚΑλËÃ×ÄüμΑËÄΑæ¨Α
funds given by the lender, dividend is the amount received by the shareholder of
ΑËÃ×ÄüΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α×ÚËĈæÞΑÃΑüΑΑËÃ×ÄüΠ
«ąÚÄΑæöÄΑ+Äõ+bÞΑÄΑW+bÞ
+ÄΑÞ«Ã×½ΑöËÚÞΡΑËæ¨Α+Äõ+bÞΑÄΑW+bÞΑÚΑÃêæê½Α¢êÄÞΑ½«ºΑ«ÄÞæÚêÃÄæÞΑö¨«¨Α
æºΑ ÃËÄüΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ æ¨Α «ÄõÞæËÚÞΑ ÄΑ «ÄõÞæΑ æ¨ÃΑ «ÄΑ «ąÚÄæΑ ×Ú˶æÞΠΑ +Äõ+bÞΑ
«ÄõÞæΑæ¨ÃΑ«ÄΑ«Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ×Ú˶æÞΑ½«ºΑÚËΑËÄÞæÚêæ«ËÄΡΑÚÄö½ΑÄÚ£üΑ
×Ú˶æÞΑö¨«½ΑW+bÞΑ«ÄõÞæΑæ¨ÃΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄÞæÚêæ«ËÄΑË¢Α꫽«Ä£ÞΡΑËĆÞΡΑæΠ
118
INDIAN ECONOMY
LAND REFORMS
(1 Questions)
EXPLANATION
119
ANALYSIS:
AGRICULTURE
(17 Questions)
EXPLANATION
Launched by the central government in February 2015, the scheme is tailor-made to issue ‘Soil card’ to
farmers which will carry crop-wise recommendations of nutrients and fertilizers required for the individual
farms. This is aimed to help farmers to improve productivity through judicious use of inputs. Hence only
statement 3 is correct.
Under the scheme, the government issues Soil Health Cards (SHC) to farmers. A SHC provide soil nutrient
status of his holding to each farmer and advise him/ her on the dosage of fertilizers and also the needed
soil amendments that should be applied to maintain soil health in the long run.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Soil Health Card was a recent theme
then. And also the phase I of the
scheme ended in 2017. Students are
advised to maintain a list of Flagship
Schemes and Policies of the Govern-
ment. Follow developments associat-
ed with them and thoroughly go
through their features.
120
SOURCE : http://pib.snic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=159441
https://informatics.nic.in/uploads/pdfs/1a479603_soilhealthcard.pdf
Q2. What is/are the advantage/advantages of implementing the ‘National Agriculture Market’
scheme?
1. It is a pan-India electronic trading portal for agricultural commodities.
2. It provides the farmers access to nationwide market, with prices commensurate with the quality of their produce.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
National Agriculture Market (NAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing
TAΑ ÃÄ«ÞΑ æËΑ ÚæΑ Α êÄ«ĈΑ Äæ«ËĽΑ ÃÚºæΑ ¢ËÚΑ £Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α ËÃÃË«æ«ÞΠΑ Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
BAΑ×ÚËÃËæÞΑêÄ«¢ËÚëæüΡΑÞæÚý«Ä«Ä£ΑË¢Α×ÚËêÚÞΑÚËÞÞΑæ¨Α«Äæ£ÚæΑÃÚºæÞΡΑÚÃËõÞΑ«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑ
ÞüÃÃæÚüΑæöÄΑêüÚÞΑÄΑÞ½½ÚÞΑÄΑ×ÚËÃËæÞΑÚ½Αæ«ÃΑ×Ú«Α«ÞËõÚüΡΑÞΑËÄΑæê½ΑÃÄΑ
ÄΑÞê××½üΡΑ×ÚËÃËæÞΑæÚÄÞ×ÚÄüΑ«ÄΑêæ«ËÄΑ×ÚËÞÞΡΑÄΑÞÞΑæËΑΑÄæ«ËÄö«ΑÃÚºæΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α¢ÚÃÚΡΑ
ö«æ¨Α×Ú«ÞΑËÃÃÄÞêÚæΑö«æ¨ΑÙ꽫æüΑË¢Α¨«ÞΑ×ÚËêΑÄΑËĽ«ÄΑ×üÃÄæΑÄΑõ«½«½«æüΑË¢ΑææÚΑÙ꽫æüΑ
×ÚËêΑÄΑæΑÃËÚΑÚÞËĽΑ×Ú«ÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃÚΠΑHence, statement 2 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
"ÚÃÚÞΑ«ÞæÚÞÞΑ¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΠΑΑb¨«ÚΑ½ºΑË¢Α£ææ«Ä£ΑÙêæΑ×Ú«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑ樫ÚΑ×ÚËêΑ«ÞΑΑ
×ÚÄÄ«½Α×Ú˽ÃΠ
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : https://www.enam.gov.in/web/
121
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
Please note: Dynamic tools like taxes, duties, expenditure keep changing from year to year. The
ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ öÞΑ ÞºΑ «ÄΑ ͉͋͊͑ΠΑ (ÄΡΑ «ÄΑ 樫ÞΑ ËÄæûæΡΑ Ϗ½ÞæΑ ĈõΑ üÚÞϐΑ ÃÄÞΑ ͉͋͊͌α͉͋͊͑Α ËÚΑ ͉͋͊͋α͊͌Α æËΑ
͉͋͊͐α͊͑Π
Statement 1 is correct: +Ä«Α Ëê׫ÞΑ Α ×ÚËëÄÄæΑ ×ËÞ«æ«ËÄΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α öËÚ½Α Ë«½ÞÞΑ «ÄêÞæÚüΑ ö«æ¨ΑΑ
ËÄæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÚËêÄΑ͉͊АΑ«ÄΑöËÚ½ö«Α×ÚËêæ«ËÄΠΑ êæΑæ¨ΑÃÄΑË¢Α«½ΑË«½ÞΑλûæÚæΑ¢ÚËÃΑË«½ÞÞΑ
«ÄΑ«æ«ËÄΑæËΑ×½ÃΑË«½μΑ«ÞΑÞ«£Ä«ĈÄæ½üΑ¨«£¨ÚΑæ¨ÄΑæ¨ΑËÃÞæ«Α×ÚËêæ«ËÄΡΑ½«Ä£ΑæËΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑΑ×Äα
ÄΑËÄΑ«Ã×ËÚæÞΑλËêæΑ͎͏ΑАΑË¢ΑËÃÞæ«ΑÃÄΑË¢Α«½ΑË«½ÞΑ«ÞΑÃæΑæ¨ÚË꣨Α«Ã×ËÚæÞΑËêæΑË¢Αö¨«¨Α×½ÃΑ
Ë«½έ×½Ã˽«ÄΑËÄÞæ«æêæÞΑËêæΑ͎͍АΠμΠΑ
Statement 2 is not correct:Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ«Ã×ËÞÞΑêÞæËÃÞΑêæüΑËÄΑ«½ΑË«½ÞΑæËΑÞ¢£êÚΑæ¨Α«ÄæÚÞæÞΑ
Ë¢ΑËÃÞæ«ΑË«½ΑÚêÞ¨«Ä£Α«ÄêÞæÚüΠΑb¨ΑêæüΑËÄΑæöËΑöËÚΑ«½ΑË«½ÞΡΑÄýüΑÚêΑÞêÄĉËöÚΑÞΑË«½ΑÄΑ
ÚêΑÄ˽έÚ×ÞέÃêÞæÚΑ«ÞΑ͎͋Α×ÚΑÄæΑλ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͑μΡΑö¨«½ΑÚêΑÞËüÄΑË«½ΑææÚæÞΑ͉͌Α×ÚΑÄæΑ
êæüΑλ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͑μΠΑb¨ΑÞ«ΑêæüΑËÄΑWĈÄΑ[ËüÄΑË«½ΑÄΑWĈÄΑ[êÄĉËöÚΑH«½ΑöÞΑÚêΑæËΑ͊͐Π͎АΑ¢ÚËÃΑ
͌͋Π͎АΑÄΑæ¨ΑÞ«ΑêæüΑËÄΑWĈÄΑT½ÃΑH«½ÞΑöÞΑÚêΑ¢ÚËÃΑ͊͐Π͎АΑæËΑ͊͋Π͎АΑËÄΑ͋͊Π͊͋Π͉͋͋͊ΠΑThis duty
¨ÞΑÄΑûæÄΑê×ΑæËΑ͌͊ÞæΑAÚ¨ΡΑ͉͍͋͋Π
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
«½Α Ë«½Α «Ã×ËÚæΑ ÞÄÚ«ËΑ «ÄΑ +Ä«Α ¨ÞΑ ÄΑ Ú£ê½Ú½üΑ ËõÚΑ üΑ æ¨Α ÞæÄÚΑ ÄöÞ××ÚÞΠΑ (ÚΑ «ÞΑ ÄΑ
ûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α(«ÄêΑλBËõÃÚΑ͒ΡΑ͉͋͊͐μ
+ÄΑ͉͋͊͒ΡΑfT[Α¨ΑÞºΑΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑÚ½æΑæËΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½ϐÞΑ½Ú£ÞæΑÚ«Αû×ËÚæÚΑλÄÞöÚΑ+Ä«μΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ
æËΑÚÃÃÚΑæ¨ΑÞ«Α¢æÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑæ¨Α£ÚËαËÄËëÞΑΠ£ΠΑ«½ΑË«½ÞΡΑ×ê½ÞÞΑλ+Ä«Α«ÞΑæ¨Α½Ú£ÞæΑ×ÚËêα
ÚΑÄΑÞêÚ×Ú«Þ«Ä£½üΑæ¨Α½Ú£ÞæΑ«Ã×ËÚæÚΑË¢Α×ê½ÞÞμΡΑÚ«ΠΑA«½½æÞΡΑæ¨Αê½æ«õæ«ËÄΑË¢Αö¨«¨Α«ÞΑ«Ä£Α×ÚËÃËæΑ«ÞΑ
ÄËæ¨ÚΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑæ¨ÃΠΑfT[ΑÃüΑÞºΑÃËÚΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑËÄΑ樫ÞΑæ¨ÃΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑüÚÞΑæËΑËÃΠ
[ê¨ΑæË׫ÞΑÄΑΑËõÚΑÃËÞæ½üΑæ¨ÚË꣨Αæ¨ΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΑλb¨Α(«ÄêΑÄΑb¨Α+Ä«ÄΑû×ÚÞÞΑÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α
ËÄËëΑ[êÚõüμ
122
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
A«Ä«ÃêÃΑ [ê××ËÚæΑ TÚ«Α λA[TμΑ «ÞΑ Α ¢ËÚÃΑ Ë¢Α ÃÚºæΑ «ÄæÚõÄæ«ËÄΑ üΑ æ¨Α
#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑæËΑ«ÄÞêÚΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α×ÚËêÚÞΑ£«ÄÞæΑÄüΑÞ¨Ú×Α¢½½Α«ÄΑ
¢ÚÃΑ×Ú«ÞΠ
b¨ΑA[TΑ«ÞΑĈûΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÚËÃÃÄæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΑ¢ËÚΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α
ËÞæÞΑÄΑTÚ«ÞΑλTμΠΑ
b¨Α TΑ «ÞΑ Α ÞææêæËÚüΑ ËüΑ ÄΑ ÞêëæÞΑ Þ×ÚæΑ Ú×ËÚæÞΑ ÚËÃÃÄ«Ä£Α
×Ú«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑ9¨Ú«¢ΑÄΑW«ΑÞÞËÄÞΠΑ
+ī櫽½üΡΑA[TΑËõÚΑ×üΡΑÚ«ΡΑö¨æΡΑ¶ËöÚΡΑ¶ÚΡΑëāΡΑÚ£«Αλ"«Ä£ÚΑA«½½æμΡΑ
Ú½üΡΑ £ÚÃΡΑ æêÚΡΑ ÃËËÄ£ΡΑ êÚΡΑ Þê£ÚÄΡΑ £ÚËêÄÄêæΡΑ ÞËüÄΡΑ ÞêÄĉËöÚΑ
ÞΡΑÚ×ÞΑÄΑÃêÞæÚΡΑËææËÄΡΑ¶êæΑÄΑæËËΠΑ
"ÚËÃΑ ͍͊͒͒α͎͒Α ËÄöÚÞΡΑ B«£ÚÞΑ ÄΑ [ÞÃΑ öÚΑ «Ä½êΑ êÄÚΑ A[TΑ
[¨ÃΑ Ë¢Α TΡΑ «ÄΑ «æ«ËÄΑ æËΑ æ¨Α «½Α Ë«½ÞÞΑ ½ÚüΑ ËõÚΑ üΑ æ¨Α
ËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΠΑ[«Ã«½Ú½üΡΑêÚ«Ä£Α͉͉͋͊α͉͉͋͋ΡΑæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑĨÄΑæ¨ΑæÚÃÞΑ
Ë¢ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΑüΑ«Ä½ê«Ä£Α½Ä櫽ΑλÃÞêÚμΠ Hence option (b) is
the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Scope for elimination
ËąΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α͋͌ΑÚË×ÞΑæ¨æΑÚΑËõÚΑêÄÚΑæ¨ΑA[TΠΑb¨êÞΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΡΑ
λμΑÄΑλμΑËê½ΑΑ½«Ã«ÄæΠ
SOURCE : https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/market-information/minimum-support-price
123
Q5. As per the NSSO 70th Round "Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households", consider
the following statements:
1. Rajasthan has the highest percentage share of agricultural households among its rural households.
2. Out of the total agricultural households in the country, a little over 60 percent belong to OBCs.
3. In Kerala, a little over 60 percent of agricultural households reported to have received maximum income from
source other than agricultural activities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
Statement 1 is correct:Α ÃËÄ£Α æ¨Α öËÚΑ [ææÞΡΑ W¶Þæ¨ÄΑ ¨Α ¨«£¨ÞæΑ ×ÚÄæ£Α Ë¢Α £Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α
¨Ëêި˽ÞΑ λ͐͑Π͍Α ×ÚÄæμΑ ÃËÄ£Α «æÞΑ ÚêÚ½Α ¨Ëêި˽ÞΑ ¢Ë½½ËöΑ üΑ fææÚΑ TÚÞ¨Α λ͍͐Π͑Α ×ÚÄæμΑ ÄΑ
A¨üΑTÚÞ¨Αλ͉͐Π͑Α×ÚÄæμΠΑ9Ú½Α¨Αæ¨Α½ÞæΑ×ÚÄæ£ΑÞ¨ÚΑË¢Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α¨Ëêި˽ÞΑλ͋͐Π͌Α
×ÚÄæμΑ «ÄΑ «æÞΑ ÚêÚ½Α ¨Ëêި˽ÞΑ ×ÚΑ üΑ Ëæ¨ÚΑ ÞËêæ¨ÚÄΑ [ææÞΑ ½«ºΑbë½Α BêΑ λ͍͌Π͐Α ×ÚÄæμΑ ÄΑ
ĨÚΑTÚÞ¨Αλ͍͊Π͎Α×ÚÄæμΠΑ
Statement 2 is not correct:ΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑ×Ú«ËΑË¢Α6ê½üΑ͉͋͊͋αΑ6êÄΑ͉͋͊͌ΡΑËêæΑ͍͎Α×ÚÄæΑËêæΑ
Ë¢Αæ¨ΑæËæ½Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α¨Ëêި˽ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΑ½ËÄ£ΑæËΑHæ¨ÚΑ ºöÚΑ½ÞÞÞΑλH μΠΑËêæΑ͊͏Α
×ÚÄæΑË¢Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α¨Ëêި˽ÞΑöÚΑ¢ÚËÃΑ[¨ê½ΑÞæÞΑλ[μΑÄΑ͊͌Α×ÚÄæΑöÚΑ¢ÚËÃΑ[¨ê½Α
bÚ«ÞΑλ[bμΠ
[ææÃÄæΑ͌Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Αæ«õ«æüΑλê½æ«õæ«ËÄΡΑ½«õÞæ˺ΑÄΑËæ¨ÚΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Αæ«õ«æ«ÞμΑöÞΑ
Ú×ËÚæΑæËΑΑæ¨Α×ګī׽ΑÞËêÚΑË¢Α«ÄËÃΑ¢ËÚΑöËÚ«æüΑË¢Αæ¨Α¨Ëêި˽ÞΑ«ÄΑ½½Αæ¨ΑöËÚΑ[ææÞΡΑû×æΑ
9Ú½Αö¨ÚΑËêæΑ͏͊Α×ÚÄæΑË¢Αæ¨Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α¨Ëêި˽ÞΑÚ×ËÚæΑæËΑ¨õΑÚÄΑÃû«ÃêÃΑ«ÄËÃΑ
¢ÚËÃΑÞËêÚÞΑËæ¨ÚΑæ¨ÄΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Αæ«õ«æ«ÞΠ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Scope for elimination
b¨«ÞΑ«ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑæË꣨ΑêÞΑæ¨Α«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑêÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑöÚΑÄËæΑ¢ÚËÃΑ
ÄüΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËÄõÄæ«ËĽΑÞËêÚÞΡΑêæΑ«¢ΑêΑææÄæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ£«õÄΡΑæ¨ÄΑæ¨ΑÞËÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ«ÞΑ«ÄËÚÚæΑÄΑ
Ë×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΡΑλμΑÄΑλ) can be eliminatedΑÞΑλ͏͉ΑϹμАΑH Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α¨Ëêި˽ÞΑöËê½Α½Ë˺ΑÞëģ½üΑ
Ëêæ¢ê½ΑæΑΑæ«ÃΑö¨ÄΑÚÞÚõæ«ËÄΑËąÚΑüΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ«ÞΑÚËêÄΑ͋͐АΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέÃËÞ×«Π£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«æÞέ¢ê½æέĈ½ÞέÄæ«ËĽεæεĺέÄαÚ×æÞα͉͐Π¨æÃ
124
Q6. With reference to organic farming in India, consider the following statements:
1. 'The National Programme for Organic Production' (NPOP) is operated under the guidelines and directions of the
Union Ministry of Rural Development.
2. 'The Agricultural and Processed Food Productds Export Development Authority' (APEDA) functions as the Secreta-
tiat for the implementation of NPOP.
3. Sikkim has become India's first fully organic State.
Which of the statements given above is/are corect?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
A«Ä«ÞæÚüΑ Ë¢Α ËÃÃÚΑ ¨ÞΑ «Ã×½ÃÄæΑ æ¨Α Bæ«ËĽΑ TÚË£ÚÃÃΑ ¢ËÚΑ HڣīΑ TÚËêæ«ËÄΑ λBTHTμΑ Þ«ÄΑ
͉͉͋͊ΠΑHence statement 1 is not correct.
£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α ÄΑ TÚËÞÞΑ "ËËΑ TÚËêæÞΑ û×ËÚæΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ êæ¨ËÚ«æüΑ λTμΑ ¢êÄæ«ËÄÞΑ ÞΑ æ¨Α
[ÚæÚ«æΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α«Ã×½ÃÄææ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑBTHTΠ Hence statement 2 is correct.
[«ºº«ÃΑ¨ÞΑËÃΑ+Ä«ϐÞΑĈÚÞæΑ¢ê½½üΑËڣīΑÞææΡΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͏ΡΑüΑ«Ã×½ÃÄæ«Ä£ΑËڣīΑ×Úæ«ÞΑËÄΑÚËêÄΑ
͎͐Ρ͉͉͉Α¨æÚÞΑË¢Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α½ÄΠΑ(ÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ͌Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΠ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
bË׫Α£Ú«ê½æêÚΑÄΑ"ËËα×ÚËÞÞ«Ä£
[êαæË׫ΑHڣīΑ"ËËΑTÚËêæ«ËÄΑÄΑT
Scope for elimination: Statement 1 is incorrectΑÞΑõÄΑ«¢ΑËÄΑËÞΑÄËæΑºÄËöΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑæ¨ΑûæΑëīÞæÚüΑ
λA«Ä«ÞæÚüΑË¢ΑËÃÃÚΑËÚΑæ¨ΑA«Ä«ÞæÚüΑË¢Α£Ú«ê½æêÚμΑËÄΑÞêÚ½üΑºÄËöÞΑö¨«¨ΑëīÞæÚ«ÞΑÄÄËæΑΠΑ#Ë«Ä£Α
üΑæ¨æΑ½Ë£«ΡΑöΑÄΑÞ«½üΑ½«Ã«ÄæΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΑÄΑλμΡΑêæΑöΑÄÄËæΑ£ËΑ¢êÚæ¨ÚΑÞΑ«æΑ«ÞΑ«Ćê½æΑ
æËΑ×Ú«æΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæÄÞÞΑË¢ΑÞææÃÄæΑ͋ΠΑ
b¨êÞΑ«Ćê½æüΑ½õ½ΑA«êÃΑλÄËæΑÞüμ
λAËæ«õæ«ËÄΡΑö¨üΑÞºΧμΑΑ+æΑ¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑÞ׫½½üΑæ¨Α¢æΑæ¨æΑ[«ºº«ÃΑÃΑ+Ä«ϐÞΑ
ĈÚÞæΑËڣīΑÞææΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέÄöÞέÄæ«ËÄ½έ½½αÃÄæËÚüα¢ËÚα¢ËËαÚæ«ĈαΑÞαËÚ£Äα
ic-from-july/article22378459.ece
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέÄöÞέÄæ«ËĽέ[«ºº«ÃαËÃÞα+Ä«А͋А͉͑А͒͒ÞαĈÚÞæαΑËÚ£Äα
ic-state/article13999445.ece
125
Q7. The economic cost of food grains to the Food Corporation of India is the Minimum Support Price
and bonus (if any) paid to the farmers plus
(a) transportation cost only
(b) interest cost only
(c) procurement incidentals and distribution cost
(d) procurement incidentals and charges for godowns
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
The Public Distribution System (or PDS) in India aims at targeting and curing the problem of food
scarcity.Α+æΑ«ÞΑ¶Ë«Äæ½üΑÃÄ£ΑüΑæ¨ΑÄæÚΑÄΑæ¨ΑÞææΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΠΑr¨«½Αæ¨ΑÄæÚΑ¨Ä½ÞΑæ¨Α¢ËËΑ
×ÚËêÚÃÄæΡΑÞæËÚ£ΡΑæÚÄÞ×ËÚæΑÄΑ꽺Α«ÞæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑ×ÚæΡΑæ¨ΑÞææΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΑ¨õΑæ¨ΑË×Úæ«ËĽΑ
ÚÞ×ËÄ«Þ««½æüΑ ÄΑ «ÄæÚαÞææΑ ½½Ëæ«ËĽΑ ÚÞ×ËÄÞ««½«æ«ÞΠΑ +æΑ «ÞΑ æ¨Α ÚÞ×ËÄÞ««½«æ«ÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ÞææΑ
£ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΑæËΑ«ÞÞêΑæ¨ΑÚæ«ËÄΑÚÞΑÄΑÞê×Úõ«ÞΑæ¨Α¢êÄæ«ËÄ«Ä£ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢«ÚΑ×Ú«ΑÞ¨Ë×ÞΠ
b¨ΑËÄËëΑËÞæΑËÃ×Ú«ÞÞΑæ¨Α×ÚËêÚÃÄæΑ×Ú«ΑË¢Α¢ËË£Ú«ÄÞΡΑËÞæÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑ×ÚËêÚÃÄæΑλÞê¨ΑÞΑ
ÞææêæËÚüΑæûÞΡΑ½ËêÚΑËÞæÞΡΑÃÄ«Α¢ÞΡΑÄΑÞËΑËÄμΑÄΑËÞæÞΑË¢Α«ÞæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑλ«Ä½ê«Ä£Α¢Ú«£¨æΡΑÞæËÚ£Α
ÄΑëīÞæÚæ«ËÄμΠΑΑHence option (c) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
BËæΑËõÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑBWbΑË˺ÞΡΑêæΑÞê¨ΑæË׫ÞΑË¢æÄΑ××ÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞ××ÚÞΠΑ½ÞËΡΑ«æΑöÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑBöÞΑ
«ÄΑæ¨æΑüÚΑÄΑöÞΑΑöËÚΑ×Ë«ÄæΑË¢Α«ÞêÞÞ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α½æ«ËÄΑÃÄ«¢ÞæËΠ
Scope of elimination: Α ÄËÚýΑ ××Ú˨ΑæËΑ Ú¨Αæ¨Α ËÚÚæΑ ÄÞöÚΑ «ÞΑæËΑ ÄÚÚËöΑ ËöÄΑæ¨Α¢ËêÞΑ ËÄΑ
ޫë½ÚΑ Ë×æ«ËÄÞΑ λæ¨Ë꣨Α æ¨ÚΑ «ÞΑ ÞËÃΑ ½ÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α Ú«ÞºμΠΑ +ÄΑ 樫ÞΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄΡΑ Α æ¨ÚΑ ÚΑ æöËΑ ޫë½ÚΑ Ë×æ«ËÄÞΡΑ
Ë×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΑÄΑλμΠΑb¨êÞΑæöËΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑÄΑΑÞ«½üΑ½«Ã«ÄæΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠĈÄÄ«½û×ÚÞÞΠËÃέË׫īËÄέÚ¢ËÚÃ«Ä£α¢«αÄËæαα׫αË¢αºέ͎͊͑͏͉͌͑έ
Q8. Among the agricultural commodities imported by India, which one of the following accounts for
æ¨Α¨«£¨ÞæΑ«Ã×ËÚæÞΑ«ÄΑæÚÃÞΑË¢Αõ½êΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α½ÞæΑĈõΑüÚÞΧ
(a) Spices
(b) Fresh fruits
(c) Pulses
(d) Vegetable oils
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
b¨Α ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ ÞºÞΑ ËêæΑæ¨Αõ½êΑ Ë¢Α £Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α «Ã×ËÚæÞΑ «ÄΑæ¨Α Ϗ½ÞæΑĈõΑüÚÞϐΠΑÞΑ樫ÞΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑöÞΑ
ÞºΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͒ΡΑæ¨æΑÃÄÞΑæ¨Αæ«ÃΑ×Ú«ËΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËÄæûæΑ«ÞΑ͉͍͋͊α͉͋͊͒Π
b¨ΑæËæ½Αõ½êΑË¢Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½ΑËÃÃË«æ«ÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞÃΑæ«ÃΑ×Ú«ËΑ«ÞΑÚË꣨½üΑæöÄΑ(Rs
͊Ρ͉͋Ρ͉͉͉ΑαΑ͊Ρ͍͉Ρ͉͉͉ΑÚËÚÞμ
b¨Αõ½êΑË¢Α×ê½ÞÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨æΑæ«ÃΑ×Ú«ËΑ«ÞΑÚË꣨½üΑæöÄΑλWÞΑ͎͉͉͉͊ΑαΑWÞΑ͉͉͉͉͌ΑÚËÚÞμΠ
b¨Αõ½êΑË¢Α¢ÚÞ¨Α¢Úê«æÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞÃΑæ«ÃΑ×Ú«ËΑ«ÞΑÚË꣨½üΑæöÄ (Rs 15000 crores).
b¨Αõ½êΑË¢ΑÞ׫ÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞÃΑæ«ÃΑ×Ú«ËΑ«ÞΑÚË꣨½üΑæöÄΑλWÞΑ͎͉͉͉ΑαΑ͉͉͉͊͊ΑÚËÚÞμΠ
b¨Αõ½êΑË¢Αõ£æ½ΑË«½ÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞÃΑæ«ÃΑ×Ú«ËΑ«ÞΑÚË꣨½üΑæöÄΑλWÞΑ͏͎͉͉͉ΑαΑ͎͉͉͉͑Α
crores. Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
Scope for elimination
HĽüΑ Α ½«ææ½Α «æΑ Ë¢Α ÞË×Α ¢ËÚΑ ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄΑ öÞΑ æ¨ÚΡΑ Þ׫ÞΑ
ÄΑ¢ÚÞ¨Α¢Úê«æÞΑËê½Α¨õΑÄΑ½«Ã«ÄæΡΑêæΑö«æ¨ËêæΑÄΑ
ûæΑ«ΡΑ¨ËËÞ«Ä£ΑæöÄΑæöËΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑËê½Α¨õΑÄΑ
«Ćê½æΡΑ×ê½ÞÞΑÄΑõ£æ½ΑË«½ÞΠ
+Ä«Α «ÞΑ æ¨Α ½Ú£ÞæΑ «Ã×ËÚæÚΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α «½Α Ë«½ÞΠΑ b¨Α Ëæ¨ÚΑ
important commodities in relation to which questions can
Α ÞºΑ ÚΑ ë½½æÞ (regarding pulses there was a
question in 2018).
It is common knowledge that India is the world's largest
«Ã×ËÚæÚΑË¢Αõ£æ½ΑË«½ÞΑö«æ¨ΑÄΑÄÄê½Α«Ã×ËÚæΑõ˽êÃΑË¢Α
͍͊α͎͊Αë½½«ËÄΑæËÄÄÞΑõ½êΑæΑϮ͊͋α͊͌Α«½½«ËÄΑÄΑæ¨æΑæ¨Α
ËêÄæÚüΑ ¢ÞΑ ËÃ×ê½Þ«ËÄΑ æËΑ «Ã×ËÚæΑ êÞΑ ËÃÞæ«Α
×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑ¨ÞΑ×ÚÞ«ÞæÄæ½üΑ¢«½ΑæËΑÃæΑæ¨ΑêÚ£ËÄ«Ä£Α
ËÄÞêÃ×æ«ËÄΑ ÃÄΠΑ rΑ ½ÞËΑ ºÄËöΑ æ¨æΑ +Ä«Α «ÞΑ æ¨Α
½Ú£ÞæΑ «Ã×ËÚæÚΑ Ë¢Α ×ê½ÞÞΠΑ Α ½Ë£«Α Ëê½Α ¨õΑ ÄΑ
××½«ΡΑ ÞΑ ϏË«½ϐΑ «ÞΑ Α ÃËÚΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ «Ä£Ú«ÄæΑ æ¨ÄΑ
Ϗ×ê½ÞÞϐΑÞΑö«æ¨ËêæΑϏË«½ϐΑÄËΑË˺«Ä£ΑÄΑΑËÄΠ
SOURCE : Please note Economic Survey did not cover all the agricultural commodities. Refer to the Agricul-
tural Statistics At a Glance https://desagri.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Agricultur-
al-Statistics-at-a-Glance-2021-English-version.pdf
127
V͒ΠΑÃËÄ£Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Αö¨«¨ΑËÄΑ«ÞΑæ¨Α½Ú£ÞæΑû×ËÚæÚΑË¢ΑÚ«Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½Α«ÄΑæ¨Α½ÞæΑĈõΑüÚÞΧ
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Myanmar
(d) Vietnam
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
+Ä«Α¨ÞΑÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½ϐÞΑæË×ΑÚ«Αû×ËÚæÚΑÞ«ÄΑæ¨Α£«ÄÄ«Ä£ΑË¢Α樫ÞΑΠΑλ͉͋͊͊α͊͋μ
+Ä«ϐÞΑÞ¨ÚΑ«ÄΑöËÚ½Αû×ËÚæÞΑË¢ΑÚ«Α«ÄΑÚÄæΑüÚÞΑλ͉͍͋͊α͊͑μΑ¨ÞΑÞæüΑæΑ͎͋α͋͏Α×ÚΑÄæΡΑb¨«½ÄϐÞΑ¨ÞΑ
ĉêæêæΑæöÄΑ͋͋ΑÄΑ͎͋Α×ÚΑÄæΡΑÄΑq«æÄÃϐÞΑæöÄΑ͊͌ΑÄΑ͊͏Α×ÚΑÄæΠ
Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/c-p-chan-
drasekhar/the-dynamics-of-indias-rice-export-boom/article25994349.ece
Also refer to the Agricultural Statistics At A Glace (15 to 20 pages are important and not the
entire book)
https://desagri.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Agricultur-
al-Statistics-at-a-Glance-2021-English-version.pdf
128
Q10. With reference to chemical fertilizers in India, consider the following statements:
1. At present, the retail price of chemical fertilizers is market-driven and not administered by the Government.
2. Ammonia, which is an input of urea, is produced from natural gas.
3. Sulphur, which is a raw material for phosphoric acid fertilizer, is a by -product of oil refineries.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
b¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑÞêÞ««āÞΑ¢Ú櫽«āÚÞΑæËΑÄÞêÚΑæ¨æΑ¢Ú櫽«āÚÞΑÚΑÞ«½üΑõ«½½ΑæËΑ¢ÚÃÚÞΑÄΑ
æ¨ΑËêÄæüΑÚëÄÞΑÞ½¢ΑαÞêĆ«ÄæΑ«ÄΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚΠΑb¨ΑÞÃΑ¨ÞΑÄΑ¨«õΑ½Ú£½üΑüΑËÄæÚ˽½«Ä£Αæ¨Α
×Ú«Α Ë¢Α ¢Ú櫽«āÚΑ ÄΑ æ¨Α ÃËêÄæΑ Ë¢Α ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑ "ËÚΑ ûÃ×½ΡΑ ÞΑ ×ÚΑ æ¨Α BöΑ fÚΑ T˽«üΑ Ë¢Α ͉͎͋͊ΡΑ æ¨Α
£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑĈûÞΑæ¨ΑÃÚºæΑ×Ú«ΑË¢ΑêÚΠΑ½ÞËΡΑæ¨ÚΑ«ÞΑΑĈûΑÞêÞ«üΑËÃ×ËÄÄæΑÞΑö½½ΠΑ[«Ã«½Ú½üΡΑ¢ËÚΑ
T¨ËÞרËÚËêÞΑ ÄΑ TËæÞÞ«êÃΡΑ ÞΑ ×ÚΑ æ¨Α BêæÚ«ÄæΑ ÞΑ [êÞ«üΑ [¨ÃΑ Ë¢Α ͉͉͋͊ΡΑ ÞêÞ«üΑ «ÞΑ ×ÚËõ«Α
ÞΑËÄΑÄêæÚ«ÄæΑËÄæÄæΑ×ÚΑº£ΑË¢Α¢Ú櫽«āÚΠΑHence statement 1 is not correct.
"Ú櫽«āÚΑ ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑ êÞÞΑ ͊Π͋АΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α öËÚ½ϐÞΑ æËæ½Α ÄÚ£üΑ ËêæΑ Ë¢Α ö¨«¨Α ͉͒АΑ «ÞΑ êÞΑ ¢ËÚΑ ÃÃËÄ«Α
×ÚËêæ«ËÄΡΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑΑºüΑ«Ä£Ú«ÄæΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÄ«æÚË£ÄΑ¢Ú櫽«āÚÞΠΑÃÃËÄ«ΑÄΑΑ×ÚËêΑ
¢ÚËÃΑÄæêÚ½Α£ÞΠ Hence statement 2 is correct
[ê½¢êÚΑ«ÞΑΑöËÚΑüα×ÚËêæΑË¢ΑË«½ΑÚĈÄ«Ä£ΑÄΑ£ÞΑ×ÚËÞÞ«Ä£ΠΑAËÞæΑÚêΑË«½Α£ÚÞΑËÄæ«ÄΑÞËÃΑÞê½¢êÚΡΑ
ÃËÞæΑË¢Αö¨«¨ΑÃêÞæΑΑÚÃËõΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÚĈÄ«Ä£Α×ÚËÞÞΑæËΑÃæΑÞæÚ«æΑÞê½¢êÚΑËÄæÄæΑ½«Ã«æÞΑ«ÄΑÚĈÄΑ
×ÚËêæÞΠΑ+ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΡΑ¢ËÚΑ«ÄÞæÄΡΑæ¨ΑAæ¨êÚΑË«½ΑÚĈÄÚüΡΑ¨õΑÄΑÚÞ×ËÄÞ«½Α¢ËÚΑ×ÚËê«Ä£Α×˽½êæÄæÞΑ
½«ºΑ Þê½×¨êÚΑ «Ëû«Α ÄΑ Ä«æÚË£ÄΑ «Ëû«ΠΑ½ÞËΡΑ [ê½×¨êÚΑ «ÞΑ êÞΑ «ÄΑ רËÞרËÚ«Α «Α ¢Ú櫽«āÚΑ λb¨ÚΑ «ÞΑ Α
×ÚËÞÞΑºÄËöÄΑÞΑϖb¨ΑræΑTÚËÞÞϖΑ¢ËÚΑ×ÚËê«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞÃμΠΑ(ÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ͌Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΠΑ
ANALYSIS:
"Ú櫽«āÚΑ ÞêÞ«üΑ «ÞΑ ÄΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ ËÃ×ËÄÄæΑ Ë¢Αæ¨Α Þü½½êÞΠΑ Α½ÞËΡΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ ËÄΑ Ë¢Αæ¨Α Ú£ê½Ú½üΑ «ÞêÞÞΑ
æË׫ÞΑ«ÄΑrbHΑλ¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞμΠΑΑ
SOURCE : https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1580828
Q11. In India, which of the following can be considered as public investment in agriculture?
1. Fixing Minimum Support Price for agricultural produce of all crops.
2. Computerization of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies
3. Social Capital development
4. Free electricity supply to farmers
5. Waiver of agricultural loans by the banking system
6. Setting up of cold storage facilities by the governments.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 5 only
(b) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
(c) 2, 3 and 6 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
ANSWERS C
130
EXPLANATION
T꽫Α+ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ¨ÚΑÚ¢ÚÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑÚæ«ËÄΑË¢Α«æ¨ÚΑרüÞ«½Α«Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑËÚΑ«ÄæÄ£«½Α׫æ½ΠΑ
(ÄΑ«ÄΑ樫ÞΑËÄæûæΡΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÞΑêÄÚÞæËËΑÞΑ«æ¨ÚΑ«Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚαÚ½æΑ׫æ½ΑÞΑ£«õÄΑ«ÄΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑ
͋ΑÄΑ͏ΑËÚΑÞË«½Α׫æ½ΑÞΑ£«õÄΑ«ÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑ͌ΠΑ
[êÞ««ÞΑ ÄΑ ½ËÄΑ ö«õÚÞΑ ÚΑ ÄËæΑ «ÄõÞæÃÄæÞΠΑ Hence option 1 is not correctΑ λb¨ÚΑ «ÞΑ ÞË×Α ¢ËÚΑ
½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄΑ¨ÚμΠΑ(ÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΠΑ[«Ã«½Ú½üΡΑË×æ«ËÄΑ͍ΑλÞê«ÞüμΑÄΑ͎ΑÚΑÄËæΑËÚÚæΠ
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/pri-
vate-and-government-who-is-investing-how-much-on-agriculture--65296
b¨ΑÞæêÄæΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑΑëĢê½ΑË¢Α½½Αæ¨ΑÞ×æÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α£Ú«ê½æêÚΑÄΑ¨ÄΑËõÚΑ«æΑ¨Ë½«Þ櫽½üΠΑ
½ÞËΡΑæ¨ΑºÄËö½£ΑË¢Α£Ú«ê½æêÚΑ¢ÚËÃΑËÄËëÞΑÄΑ#Ë£ÚרüΑÄΑΑêÞΑ«Äæڨģ½üΠ
V͊͋ΠΑr¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α¢æËÚÞέ×˽««ÞΑöÚΑąæ«Ä£Αæ¨Α×Ú«ΑË¢ΑÚ«Α«ÄΑ+Ä«Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑÚÄæΑ×ÞæΧΑ
1. Minimum Support Price
2. Government's trading
3. Government's stockpiling
4. Consumer subsidies
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ANSWERS D
131
EXPLANATION
Option 1 is correct:ΑA[TΑÚÞê½æÞΑ«ÄΑΑ«õÚÞ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÞæ˺ÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨ΑË×ÄΑÃÚºæΡΑæ¨êÞΡΑÚ«õ«Ä£Αê×Αæ¨Α×Ú«Α
¢ËÚΑæ¨Αê½æ«ÃæΑËÄÞêÃÚÞΠΑ"êÚæ¨ÚΡΑA[TΑ×ÚõÄæÞΑæ¨Α×Ú«ÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ£Ë«Ä£ΑËöÄΑλ«Úæ½üμΠΑTÚ«Αö«½½ΑÄËæΑ£ËΑ
½ËöΑæ¨ΑA[TαΑb¨Α¢ÚÃÚΑÄΑÞ½½Αæ¨Α×ÚËêΑæËΑæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑæΑæ¨ΑA[TΠΑ+æΑö«½½Α½ÞËΑ×ÚõÄæΑæ¨Α
×Ú«Α ¢ÚËÃΑ £Ë«Ä£Α ê×Α λ«Ä«Úæ½üμαΑ b¨Α ×Ú«Α ö«½½Α Þ¨ËËæΑ ê×Α ËĽüΑ ö¨ÄΑ æ¨Α ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑ «ÞΑ ½ÞÞΡΑ êæΑ «¢Α æ¨Α
×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑö«½½Α«ÄÚÞΡΑæ¨ÄΑæ¨Α×Ú«ÞΑö«½½ΑÄËæΑΑæËËΑ¨«£¨ΠΑ
Option 2 is correct:Αb¨Ë꣨Α¢æËÚÞΑ½«ºΑ½«Ãæ«Αި˺ÞΑæÚëÄΑÚ«Α×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑÄΑ×Ú«ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞ¨ËÚæΑ
ÚêÄΡΑæ¨Α¢êæêÚΑÞÄÚ«ËΑË¢ΑÚ«Α×Ú«ÞΑÃêÞæΑΑÞΑËÄΑ½ËÄ£αæÚÃΑ×Ú˶æ«ËÄÞΑË¢ΑÚ«ΑÃÄΑÄΑÞê××½üΠΑ
bÚ«Ä£Α ÚÞê½æÞΑ «ÄΑ ÄΑ «ÄÚÞΑ ÃÄΑ «ÄΑæ¨Α «ÄæÚÄæ«ËĽΑ ÃÚºæÞΡΑö¨«¨Α ąæÞΑæ¨Α ×Ú«Α Ë¢Α Ú«Α «ÄΑ
+Ä«ΠΑ
H×æ«ËÄΑ ͌Α «ÞΑ ËÚÚæΑ ;ËöΑ Þæ˺Α ½õ½ÞΑ ËÄÞæÚ«ÄΑ æ¨Α «½«æüΑæËΑ êąÚΑ æ¨Α ×Ú«Α Ú«ÞΑ ÚÞê½æ«Ä£Α ¢ÚËÃΑ Ëæ¨ÚΑ
¢æËÚÞΠΑ
H×æ«ËÄΑ ͍Α «ÞΑ ËÚÚæΑ [êÞ««ÞΑ ½ËöÚΑæ¨Α ×Ú«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α ê½æ«ÃæΑ ËÄÞêÃÚΠΑ (ÄΑ ½½Αæ¨Α £«õÄΑ¢æËÚÞΑ
ąæέΑ¨õΑąæΠ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
ÞΑöΑºÄËöΑæ¨æΑö¨ÄõÚΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ«ÄæÚõÄÞΑ«ÄΑΑ¢ÚΑÃÚºæΡΑæ¨Α«ÞËõÚüΑË¢Α×Ú«Α«ÞΑąæΑλö¨æ¨ÚΑ
«æΑ«ÞΑ«ÄÚÞΑËÚΑÚÞΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ¢ËÚΑ樫ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄμΠΑ(ÄΡΑöΑÄΑËÃΑæËΑÄÞöÚΑ«ÄΑ樫ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ
æ¨æΑö¨«¨õÚΑË×æ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ«Úæ½üΑËÚΑ«Ä«Úæ½üΑÚ½æΑö«æ¨Αæ¨Αæ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΡΑæ¨Α×Ú«ΑË¢ΑÄüΑ£ËËΑ
λ¨ÚΑÚ«μΑö«½½ΑΑąæΠΑ#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ«ÞΑ«Äõ˽õΑ«ÄΑA[TΑÄΑÞêÞ««ÞΠΑ½ÞËΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑ͋ΑÄΑ͌Α«Úæ½üΑ¨«ÄæÞΑæΑ
æ¨Αæ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΡΑæ¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑÄÞöÚΠ
SOURCE : https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02275376/document
£Ú«ê½æêÚΑ «ÞΑ ÄΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ æË׫Α ÄΑ êÄÚΑ æ¨Α æË׫Α Ë¢Α «ÄæÚõÄæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α £ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ «ÄΑ
£Ú«ê½æêÚΡΑ樫ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑÃêÞæΑ¨õΑÄΑËõÚΠΑ
Q13. Under the Kisan Credit Card scheme, short-term credit support is given to farmers for which of
the following purposes?
1. Working capital for maintenance of farm assets
2. Purchase of combine harvesters, tractors and mini trucks.
3. Consumption requirements of farm households
4. Post-harvest expense
5. Construction of family house and setting up of village cold storage facility.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 5 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 4 and 5
ANSWERS B
132
EXPLANATION
9«ÞÄΑÚ«æΑÚΑ[¨ÃΑλ9μΑ+æΑ«ÞΑΑæü×ΑË¢Α½ËÄΑ£«õÄΑæËΑ¢ÚÃÚÞΠΑb¨ΑÞ¨ÃΑöÞΑ«ÄæÚËêΑ«ÄΑ͊͒͒͑ΠΑ
+æΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑΑÚ«æΑÚΑ¢ËÚΑ¢ÚÃÚÞΠΑHence options 2 and 5 are not correct.
+æΑ«ÞΑ½«ºΑÄΑËõÚÚ¢æΑÞ¨ÃΑ¢ËÚΑ¢ÚÃÚÞαΑHÄΑÄΑËõÚÚöΑê×ΑæËΑΑ½«Ã«æΠΑÄΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ¨ÞΑæËΑΑ׫ΑËÄΑ
æ¨ΑÃËêÄæΑÞËΑËõÚÚöÄΠΑ½ÞËΡΑæ¨Α½«Ã«æΑË¢ΑËõÚÚ¢æΑ«ÞΑĈûΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÞ«ÞΑË¢Αæ¨Αõ½êΑË¢Α½ÄΡΑæ¨Ë꣨Αæ¨Α
õ½êΑË¢ΑÚË×ΑÃüΑ½ÞËΑΑËÄÞ«ÚΠΑ
The Features of This Scheme:
"ÚÃÚÞΑÄΑÃËÄüΑ¢ËÚΑÞËö«Ä£ΠΑ"ËÚΑûÃ×½ΡΑæËΑêüΑÞÞΡΑ¢Ú櫽«ÞÚÞΑæΠ
+ÄΑ樫ÞΑÞ¨ÃΡΑæ¨üΑ¨õΑæËΑ×üΑºΑæ¨Α½ËÄΑÃËêÄæέΑËõÚÚ¢æΑ¢æÚΑæ¨Α¨ÚõÞæΠΑ
½ÞËΡΑ«ÄæÚÞæΑ¨Ú£Α«ÞΑËÄÞÞ«ËĽαΑ͍Ρ͎Ρ͏АαΑ êæΑ«¢Αæ¨üΑ¢«½ΑæËΑ×üºΑ×ËÞæΑæ¨Α¨ÚõÞæΡΑæ¨ÄΑæ¨Α
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H¶æ«õÞέTêÚ×ËÞΑ 9«ÞÄΑ Ú«æΑ ÚΑ [¨ÃΑ «ÃÞΑ æΑ ×ÚËõ««Ä£Α ÙêæΑ ÄΑæ«Ã½üΑ Ú«æΑ Þê××ËÚæΑ
¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Αĺ«Ä£ΑÞüÞæÃΑêÄÚΑΑÞ«Ä£½Αö«ÄËöΑæËΑæ¨Α¢ÚÃÚÞΑ¢ËÚΑ樫ÚΑê½æ«õæ«ËÄΑϞΑËæ¨ÚΑÄÞΑÞΑ
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Produce Marketing loan
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rËÚº«Ä£Α׫æ½Α¢ËÚΑëÄæÄÄΑË¢Α¢ÚÃΑÞÞæÞΑÄΑæ«õ«æ«ÞΑ½½«ΑæËΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚΡΑ½«ºΑ«ÚüΑīýÞΡΑ
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ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : https://sbi.co.in/web/agri-rural/agriculture-banking/crop-loan/kisan-credit-card
133
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
ÞΑ ËÄΑ æ¨Α ÚËÃÃÄæ«ËÄÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΑ ¢ËÚΑ £Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α ËÞæÞΑ ÄΑ TÚ«ÞΑ λTμΡΑ æ¨Α
×ÚæÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α £Ú«ê½æêÚΑ ÄΑ ËË×Úæ«ËÄΡΑ A«Ä«ÞæÚüΑ H¢Α £Ú«ê½æêÚΑ ÄΑ "ÚÃÚÞϖΑ r½¢ÚΡΑ ½ÚÞΑ
A«Ä«ÃêÃΑ [ê××ËÚæΑ TÚ«ÞΑ λA[TμΑ ¢ËÚΑ ÃËÚΑ æ¨ÄΑ ͉͋Α ÃÄæΑ ÚË×ÞΡΑ ÄΑ "«ÚΑ ÄΑ WÃêÄÚæ«õΑ TÚ«Α
(FRP) for Sugarcane.
Ú½ÞΑλ͐μΑαΑ×üΡΑö¨æΡΑÚ½üΡΑ¶ËöÚΡΑ¶ÚΡΑëāΑÄΑÚ£«Α
Tê½ÞÞΑλ͎μΑαΑ£ÚÃΡΑÚ¨ÚέæêÚΡΑÃËËÄ£ΡΑêÚΑÄΑ½Ä櫽Α
H«½ÞÞΑλ͑μΑαΑ£ÚËêÄÄêæΡΑÚ×ÞέÃêÞæÚΡΑæËÚ«ΡΑÞËüÄΡΑÞêÄĉËöÚΑÞΡΑÞÞÃêÃΡΑÞćËöÚΑÞΑ
ÄΑÄ«£ÚÞΡΑ
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WöΑ¶êæΡΑË×Ú
b¨Α«Α¨«ÄΑA[TΑ«ÞΑæËΑ£«õΑ£êÚÄæΑ×Ú«ΑÄΑÞÞêÚΑÃÚºæΑæËΑæ¨Α¢ÚÃÚÞΑÄΑ×ÚËææΑæ¨ÃΑ¢ÚËÃΑ
æ¨Α ×Ú«Α ĉêæêæ«ËÄÞΑ ÄΑ ÃÚºæΑ «Ã×Ú¢æ«ËÄÞΠΑ TΑ ËÄÞ«ÚÞΑ õÚ«ËêÞΑ ¢æËÚÞΑ Þê¨Α ÞΑ æ¨Α ËÞæΑ Ë¢Α
ê½æ«õæ«ËÄΑÄΑ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΡΑ×ÚËêæ«õ«æüΑË¢ΑÚË×ÞΡΑÄΑÃÚºæΑ×Ú«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑæÚëÄæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑA[TÞΠΑA[TΑ
ĈûΑ¢ËÚΑ¨ΑÚË×Α«ÞΑêÄ«¢ËÚÃΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑÄæ«ÚΑËêÄæÚüΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑæ¨ÚΑ«ÞΑÄËΑ«ÄÞæÄΑË¢ΑA[TΑ«Ä£ΑĈûΑ«ÄΑ
ÄüΑ[ææέfbΑæΑΑ½õ½ΑæËΑö¨«¨Αæ¨ΑÃÚºæΑ×Ú«Αö«½½ΑÄõÚΑÚ«ÞΠΑHence statement 2 is not correct.
r¨«½Αæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÄÄËêÄÞΑA[TΑ¢ËÚΑÚË×ÞΡΑąæ«õΑA[TΑ½«ÄºΑ×ÚËêÚÃÄæΑËêÚÞΑëĽüΑ¢ËÚΑ
wheat, rice and cotton.Α b¨Α ×ÚËêÚÃÄæΑ «ÞΑ ½ÞËΑ ½«Ã«æΑ æËΑ Α ¢öΑ ÞææÞΠΑ êΑ æËΑ ½«Ã«ææ«ËÄÞΑ ËÄΑ æ¨Α
×ÚËêÚÃÄæΑÞ«ΑλËæ¨ΑÚË×Αö«ÞΑÄΑÞææαö«ÞμΑÄΑõÄΑ¢æÚΑ¨õ«Ä£ΑÄΑË×ÄαÄΑ×ÚËêÚÃÄæΑæΑ
A[TΡΑ½½Α¢ÚÃÚÞΑËΑÄËæΑÚ«õΑÄĈæÞΑË¢ΑÄΑ«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑA[TΠΑHence statement 1 is not correct
134
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
A[TΑ ¨ÞΑ ½öüÞΑ ÞæüΑ «ÄΑ ÄöÞΑ ÞΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ ËÄΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ÃËÞæΑ ËÄæÄæ«ËêÞΑ ÃææÚΑ ¢ËÚΑ Ëæ¨Α #ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ÄΑ
"ÚÃÚÞΠΑb¨ΑA[TΑöÞΑ½ÞËΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÃÞÞ«õΑ¢ÚÃΑ×ÚËæÞæÞΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΠΑ+æΑ¨ÞΑÞæüΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑÞ«ÄΑ
æ¨Α«Ä×æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑA[TΠΑ(ÄΡΑ«æΑ«ÞΑΑÚêÚÚ«Ä£Αæ¨ÃΑ«ÄΑfT[ΣΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑA[TΑ¨õΑÄΑÞºΑ«ÄΑ
͉͋͊͑ΡΑ͉͋͊͒ΡΑ͉͉͋͋ΑÄΑ͉͋͋͌
Additional Information
135
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
«ÞæÚ«æΑ ÄæÚ½Α ËΑ αË×Úæ«õΑ ĺÞΑ λ ÞμΑ ÚΑ Α æü×Α Ë¢Α ÚêÚ½Α ËΑ αË×Úæ«õÞΡΑ ½ËÄ£Α ö«æ¨Α [ææΑ ËΑ
αË×Úæ«õΑ ĺÞΑλ[æ ÞμΑÄΑTÚ«ÃÚüΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½ΑÚ«æΑ[Ë«æ«ÞΑλT[μΠΑ[¨ËÚæΑαæÚÃΑËΑαΑË×Úæ«õÞΑ
ÚΑÚÚÄ£Α«ÄΑΑæ¨ÚΑαæ«ÚΑÞæÚêæêÚΑ«ÄΑÃËÞæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞææÞΡΑö«æ¨Α[æ ÞΑæΑæ¨Α×ûΑ½õ½ΡΑ ÞΑæΑæ¨Α
«ÄæÚëæΑ½õ½ΑÄΑT[ΑæΑæ¨Α£ÚÞÞÚËËæÞΑ½õ½ΠΑ
½æ¨Ë꣨Αæ¨Α¢ËêÞΑË¢ΑÚêÚ½ΑËË×Úæ«õΑ½Ä«Ä£Α«ÞΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚΡΑæ¨ΑÞ¨ÚΑ«ÄΑÚ«æΑĉËöΑæËΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚΑË¢Α
ÚêÚ½ΑËË×Úæ«õÞΑ«ÞΑËĽüΑ͊͋Π͊АΡΑÞΑËÃ×ÚΑæËΑ͐͏АΑË¢Α[¨ê½ΑËÃÃÚ«½Α ĺÞΑλ[ ÞμΡΑÄΑ͊͊Π͒АΑ
Ë¢ΑW£«ËĽΑWêÚ½Α ĺÞΠ Hence statement 1 is not correct .
ÞΑÃË«½«ÞΑ×ËÞ«æÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α×꽫ΑÄΑ×ÚËõ«ΑÚ«æΑæËΑæ¨Α×꽫ΑÄΑT[ΠΑHence statement 2
is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
b¨«ÞΑöÞΑÄËæΑΑõÚüΑËÃÃËÄΑæ¨ÃΡΑ«¢ΑöΑËÃ×ÚΑ樫ÞΑö«æ¨ΑW£«ËĽΑWêÚ½Α ĺÞΑËÚΑæ¨ΑB WΡΑêæΑÄËæΑ
ËêæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞü½½êÞΠ
SOURCE : https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?Id=19366
136
Additional Information
b¨Α[æÚêæêÚΑË¢ΑËαË×Úæ«õÞΑüΑÞÞæΑ[«ā
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Q16. Which one of the following best describes the concept of 'Small Farmer Large Field'?
(a) Resettlement of a large number of people, uprooted from their countries due to war, by giving them a large
cultivable land which they cultivate collectively and share the produce
(b) Many marginal farmers in an area organize themselves into groups and synchronize and harmonize selected
agricultural operations
(c) Many marginal farmers in an area together make a contract with a corporate body and surrender their land to
the corporate body for a fixed term for which the corporate body makes a payment of agreed amount to the
farmers
(d) A company extends loans, technical knowledge and material inputs to a number of small farmers in an area so
that they produce the agricultural commodity required by the company for its manufacturing process and commer-
cial production
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
[ý½Α"ÚÃÚÞΑ;Ú£Α"«½Αλ[";"μΑ«ÞΑΑ˽½æ«õΑæ«ËÄΑÃ˽ΑæËΑËõÚËÃΑæ¨Α«ÞõÄæ£ÞΑ¢ΑüΑ
ë½½«ËÄÞΑË¢ΑÞý½ΑÄΑÃÚ£«Ä½Α¢ÚÃÚÞΑêΑæËΑ«ÞËÄËëÞΑË¢ΑÞ½ΑÄΑ½ºΑË¢ΑÚ£«Ä«Ä£Α×ËöÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α
Þê××½üΑ¨«ÄΠΑb¨«ÞΑÃ˽Α«ÞΑ×Úæ««×æËÚüΑÄΑĉû«½ΑÄΑ½½ËöÞΑÞý½Α¢ÚÃÚÞΑæËΑÄĈæΑ¢ÚËÃΑ¨«õ«Ä£Α
ËÄËëÞΑË¢ΑÞ½ΑüΑËڣīā«Ä£Αæ¨ÃÞ½õÞΑ«ÄæËΑ£ÚËê×ÞΑÄΑÞüĨÚËÄ«ā«Ä£ΑÄΑ¨ÚÃËÄ«ā«Ä£ΑÞ½æΑ
Ë×Úæ«ËÄÞΠΑ+æΑöÞΑ׫½ËæΑ«ÄΑæöËΑõ«½½£ÞΑË¢ΑH«Þ¨ΡΑö«æ¨Α͊͊͋Α¢ÚÃÚÞΑλ͎͌Α¢Ã½ÞΑÄΑ͐͐ΑýÞμΠΑb¨ÞΑ
¢ÚÃÚÞΑ ËڣīāΑ æ¨ÃÞ½õÞΑ «ÄæËΑ £ÚËê×ÞΑ ÄΑ ÞüĨÚËÄ«āΑ 樫ÚΑ Ë×Úæ«ËÄÞΑ Þê¨Α ÞΑ ÄêÚÞÚüΑ Α
ÃÄ£ÃÄæΡΑæÚÄÞ×½Äæ«Ä£ΡΑÄΑ¨ÚõÞæ«Ä£Α˽½æ«õ½üΑæËΑ¨«õΑËÄËëÞΑË¢ΑÞ½ΠΑb¨Α[";"Α¢ÚÃÚÞΑ
×êÚ¨ÞΑ«Ä×êæÞΑλÞΑÄΑ¢Ú櫽«āÚμΑÄΑÞ˽Α×üΑÞΑΑ£ÚËê×ΑæËΑ«ÄÚÞΑ樫ÚΑÚ£«Ä«Ä£Α×ËöÚΑ«ÄΑ
×Ú«ΑÄ£Ëæ«æ«ËÄÞΠΑb¨ΑÚÞê½æÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ樫ÞΑ׫½ËæΑÞæêüΑÞ¨ËöΑæ¨æΑæ¨Α×Úæ««×æ«Ä£Α¢ÚÃÚÞΑ½ÃËÞæΑËê½Α
樫ÚΑ ×ÚËĈæÞΠΑ ×ÚæΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ æ¨Α ÃËÄæÚüΑ ÄĈæÞΡΑ æ¨ÞΑ ¢ÚÃÚÞΑ ÞõΑ æ«ÃΑ «ÄΑ ÃÄüΑ ¶Ë«ÄæΑ æ«õ«æ«ÞΡΑ
«Ä½ê«Ä£Α«Ä×êæΑλÞΑÄΑ¢Ú櫽«āÚμΑ×êÚ¨ÞΡΑ×üΑÞ½ΡΑÄΑÄêÚÞÚüΑΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΠΑHæ¨ÚΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ
ÄĈæÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ¨ÚÃËÄ«āæ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ ÞüĨÚËÄ«āæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α ¢ÚëģΑ Ë×Úæ«ËÄÞΑ öÚΑ ÞË«½Α ¨ÚÃËÄüΑ ÄΑ
ÞêÞæ«Ä«½«æüΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢ÚëģΑÞüÞæÃΠ Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
137
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : +æΑöÞΑû×½«ÄΑ«ÄΑΑBËõÃÚΑ͉͋͊͑Α+Ä«ÄΑû×ÚÞÞΑÚ櫽ΠΑT½ÞΑĈÄΑæ¨ΑÞÚÄÞ¨ËæΑË¢Αæ¨Α
article below.
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138
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
HÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α͍͊Αº¨Ú«¢ΑÚË×ÞΑ¢ËÚΑö¨«¨Αæ¨ΑÄæÚΑÚ½ÞÞΑΑëīÃêÃΑÞê××ËÚæΑ×Ú«ΑλA[TμΑõÚüΑüÚΑ«ÞΑÄΑ
êĽ«º½üΑ×½ÄæΑ½½ΑÄ«£ÚΑËÚΑÚÃ櫽Αλ#ê«āËæ«ΑüÞÞ«Ä«μΠΑb¨«ÞΑ½ÞÞÚΑºÄËöÄΑË«½ÞΑËÃÃÄÞΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α
¨«£¨ÞæΑ A[TÞΡΑ ĈûΑ ËÄΑ æ¨Α Þ«ÞΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ËÞæΑ Ë¢Α ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ ÃÚºæΑ ÃÄΠΑ xæΡΑ æ¨Α ÚΑ êÄÚΑ «æÞΑ
ê½æ«õæ«ËÄΑ¨ÞΑÄΑÞ櫽üΑިګĺ«Ä£ΑËõÚΑæ¨Α×ÞæΑæ¨ÚΑÞΠΑ+ÄΑ͎͊͒͑α͑͏ΡΑÄ«£ÚΑöÞΑê½æ«õæΑËÄΑ
ÚËêÄΑ͉Π͏Αë½½«ËÄΑ¨æÚÞΑλ¨μΠ Hence statement 1 and statement 2 is correct.
+ÄΑ͉͉͋͋α͋͊ΡΑæ¨Αê½æ«õæΑÚΑÞ¨ÚêĺΑüΑ͉͑Α×ÚΑÄæΑæËΑΑ½«ææ½ΑËõÚΑ͉Π͊Αë½½«ËÄΑ¨ΡΑæ¨Α½ËöÞæΑÃËÄ£Αæ¨Α͍͊Α
º¨Ú«¢ΑÚË×ÞΑö«æ¨ΑA[TΠΑb¨Α×Ú«ÃÚüΑÚÞËÄΑÞê¨ΑΑÞ×ÚÞ½üΑ£ÚËöÄΑÚË×Α«ÞΑ×ÚæΑË¢Αæ¨Αû½êÞ«õΑA[TΑ½«ÞæΑ«ÞΑ
êÞΑ Ä«£ÚΑ ÞΑ ¨ÞΑæÚ«æ«ËĽ½üΑ ύÄΑæ¨Α ½«¢½«ÄΑ Ë¢ΑæÚ«½Α £Ú«ê½æêÚΑ ÄΑ ËÄËÃüΑ «ÄΑ ÞõÚ½Α ÞææÞΑ
ÚËÞÞΑ+Ä«ΠΑ
b¨ΑæÚ«½Α×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑêÞÞΑÄ«£ÚΑÞΑË«½Α¢ËÚΑË˺«Ä£ΡΑæ¨Α×ÚÞÞΑºΑ×ËÞæΑË«½αûæÚæ«ËÄΑÞΑ½«õÞæ˺Α¢ΡΑÄΑ
½ÞËΑËÄÞêÃΑæ¨ΑÞÞΑÞΑΑËÄ«ÃÄæΠΑB«£ÚΑÞΑË«½Α¨ÞΑë«Ä½Α×ÚË×Úæ«ÞΡΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑæ¨ΑÚÞËÄΑ¢ËÚΑ«æÞΑ
ËÃÃÚ«½Α ÃÄΑ üΑ æ¨Α ËÞÃæ«ÞΡΑ ×Ú¢êÃÚ«ÞΑ ÄΑ Ëæ¨ÚΑ ½½«Α «ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΠΑ (ÄΑ ÞææÃÄæΑ ͌Α «ÞΑ
correct.
ANALYSIS:
BËÚý½üΡΑA[TΑ«ÞΑ½öüÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑÄΑ¨ÞΑÄΑõÚüΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α[Α×Ë«ÄæΑË¢Αõ«öΠ
×ÚæΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨æΡΑΑÄ«£ÚÞΑöÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α½«ÄΑ«ÄΑÚΑêÄÚΑ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΠ
ANSWERS D
ËÄÞêÃÚΑ TÚËææ«ËÄΑ λαËÃÃÚμΑ Wê½ÞΡΑ ͉͉͋͋Α ĈÄΑ αËÃÃÚΑ Äæ«æüΑ λ½ÞËΑ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ ËöÄμΑ ÞΑ ÄüΑ
×ÚÞËÄΑö¨ËΑËöÄÞΡΑË×ÚæÞΑËÚΑÃÄ£ÞΑ«£«æ½ΑËÚΑ½æÚËÄ«Α¢«½«æüΑËÚΑ×½æ¢ËÚÃΑ¢ËÚΑ½æÚËÄ«ΑËÃÃÚΡΑ
êæΑËÞΑÄËæΑ«Ä½êΑΑÞ½½ÚΑËąÚ«Ä£Α¨«ÞΑ£ËËÞΑËÚΑÞÚõ«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑÞ½ΑËÄΑΑÃÚºæ×½ΑαËÃÃÚΑÄæ«æüΠΑ
Hence statement 1 is not correct.
Marketplace based model of e-commerce ÃÄÞΑ×ÚËõ««Ä£ΑÄΑ+bΑ×½æ¢ËÚÃΑüΑÄΑαËÃÃÚΑÄæ«æüΑËÄΑΑ
«£«æ½ΑϞΑ½æÚËÄ«ΑÄæöËÚºΑæËΑæΑÞΑΑ¢«½«ææËÚΑæöÄΑêüÚΑÄΑÞ½½ÚΠ
HÄΑËæ¨ÚΑ¨ÄΡΑInventory based model of e-commerce ÃÄÞΑÄΑαËÃÃÚΑæ«õ«æüΑö¨ÚΑ«ÄõÄæËÚüΑË¢Α
£ËËÞΑÄΑÞÚõ«ÞΑ«ÞΑËöÄΑüΑαËÃÃÚΑÄæ«æüΑÄΑ«ÞΑÞ˽ΑæËΑæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃÚÞΑ«Úæ½üΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑ"+Α«ÞΑ
ÄËæΑ×ÚëææΑ«ÄΑ«ÄõÄæËÚüΑÞΑÃ˽ΑË¢ΑαËÃÃÚΠ
ËÚ«Ä£ΑæËΑ£ê«½«ÄÞΑ¢ËÚΑ"+Αλ"ËÚ«£ÄΑ«ÚæΑ+ÄõÞæÃÄæμΑËÄΑαËÃÃÚΡΑαËÃÃÚΑÄæ«æüΑ×ÚËõ««Ä£Α
ΑÃÚºæ×½Αö«½½ΑÄËæΑûÚ«ÞΑËöÄÚÞ¨«×ΑËÚΑËÄæÚ˽ΑËõÚΑæ¨Α«ÄõÄæËÚüΑ«ΠΠΑ£ËËÞΑ×êÚ×ËÚæΑæËΑΑÞË½Π Such
an ownership or control over the inventory will render the business into inventory based model.
+ÄõÄæËÚüΑË¢ΑΑõÄËÚΑö«½½ΑΑÃΑæËΑΑËÄæÚ˽½ΑüΑαËÃÃÚΑÃÚºæ×½ΑÄæ«æüΑ«¢ΑÃËÚΑæ¨ÄΑ͎͋АΑ
Ë¢Α ×êÚ¨ÞÞΑ Ë¢Α Þê¨Α õÄËÚΑ ÚΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ æ¨Α ÃÚºæ×½Α Äæ«æüΑ ËÚΑ «æÞΑ £ÚËê×Α ËÃ×Ä«ÞΠ There are no
guidelines on the limit of the big sellers that such an e-commerce platform have. Hence statement 2 is
not correct.
ANALYSIS:
Ú¢æΑË¢Α×ÚË×ËÞΑÃÄÃÄæÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃÚΑTÚËææ«ËÄΑλαËÃÃÚμΑWê½ÞΡΑ͉͉͋͋ΑöÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΠ
141
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
Market-place model:Αb¨ΑÃÚºæ×½ΑÃ˽ΑÚ¢ÚÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑêÞ«ÄÞÞΑÞæÚæ£üΑ«ÄΑö¨«¨ΑαËÃÃÚΑ
ÃÚºæ×½ÞΑ×ÚËõ«ΑÄêÃÚËêÞΑõÄËÚÞΑö«æ¨ΑΑÄæÚ½«āΑ×½æ¢ËÚÃΑö¨ÚΑæ¨üΑÃüΑÞ½½Α樫ÚΑ«æÃÞΑ
ö¨«½ΑÄ££«Ä£Αö«æ¨Α×ËæÄ櫽ΑêüÚÞΠ
Inventory model: b¨Α+ÄõÄæËÚüαÞΑÃ˽Α«ÞΑËÄΑ«ÄΑö¨«¨ΑαËÃÃÚΑ×½æ¢ËÚÃÞΑ¨Ë½Α«ÄõÄæËÚüΑ
¢ÚËÃΑÚÄÞΡΑÃÚ¨ÄæÞΡΑÄΑÞ½½ÚÞΑÄΑÞ½½Α«æΑ«Úæ½üΑæËΑêÞæËÃÚÞΠΑ+ÄõÄæËÚüαÞΑÃÚºæ×½ÞΑ
ÃÄ£Αæ¨ΑÞæ˺׫½ÞΑË¢Α樫ÚΑõÄËÚÞΡΑÞÞ«Þæ«Ä£Αæ¨ÃΑ«ÄΑËÚÚΑ¢ê½Ĉ½ÃÄæΠ
[HfWΑ ¨ææ×ÞέέËÄÞêÃÚą«ÚÞΠÄ«Π«ÄέÞ«æÞέ¢ê½æέĈ½ÞέА͉͋ËÃÃÚА͉͋Úê½ÞΠ×¢
¨ææ×Þέέ׫«æΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«æÞέ¢ê½æέĈ½Þέ×Ä͌ε͉͋͊͏ε͉Π×¢
¨ææ×Þέέ×«Π£ËõΠ«ÄέTÚÞÞÚ½ÞÞ¨ÚΠÞ×ûΧTW+Ͻ͎͎͎͉͊͒͑
V͋ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑö«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑ+Ä«Α
1. According to the 'Micro Small and Medium enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006, the 'medium enterprises'
are those with investments in plant and machinery between Rs. 15 crore and Rs. 25 crore.
2. All bank loans to the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises qualify under the Priority sector.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 Only
(b) 2 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
fÄ«ËÄΑA«Ä«ÞæÚüΑË¢ΑA«ÚËΡΑ[ý½ΑÄΑA«êÃΑÄæÚ×Ú«ÞÞΑλAέËΑA[AÞμΑ¨ÞΑ«ÞÞêΑ#āææΑÄËæ«Ĉæ«ËÄΑæËΑ
×õΑ öüΑ ¢ËÚΑ æ¨Α «Ã×½ÃÄææ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α ê×öÚΑ Úõ«Þ«ËÄΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α ĈÄ«æ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ Ú«æÚ«Α Ë¢Α A[AÞΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α
ËêÄæÚüΠΑb¨ΑÄöΑĈÄ«æ«ËÄΑÄΑÚ«æÚ«ËÄΑö«½½ΑËÃΑ«ÄæËΑąæΑ¢ÚËÃΑ͊ÞæΑ6ê½üΡΑ͉͉͋͋Π
As per the new criteria, a medium enterprise is where the investment in Plant and Machinery or
Ùê«×ÃÄæΑËÞΑÄËæΑûΑĈ¢æüΑÚËÚΑÚê×ÞΑÄΑæêÚÄËõÚΑËÞΑÄËæΑûΑæöËΑ¨êÄÚΑÄΑĈ¢æüΑ
crore rupees. In terms of Master Direction on ‘Priority Sector Lending (PSL) – Targets and
½ÞÞ«Ĉæ«ËÄϐΑ æΑ [×æÃÚΑ ͍ΡΑ ͉͉͋͋ΡΑ ½½Α ĺΑ ½ËÄÞΑ æËΑ A[AÞΑ ËÄ¢ËÚëģΑ æËΑ æ¨Α ËÄ«æ«ËÄÞΑ
×ÚÞÚ«Αæ¨Ú«ÄΑÙ꽫¢üΑ¢ËÚΑ½ÞÞ«Ĉæ«ËÄΑêÄÚΑ×Ú«ËÚ«æüΑÞæËÚΑ½Ä«Ä£Π
ËÚ«Ä£ΑæËΑæ¨ÞΑ«Úæ«ËÄÞΡΑA[AÞΑÞ¨Ëê½ΑΑÄ££Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑÃÄê¢æêÚΑËÚΑ×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑË¢Α£ËËÞΡΑ«ÄΑ
ÄüΑÃÄÄÚΡΑ×Úæ«Ä«Ä£ΑæËΑÄüΑ«ÄêÞæÚüΑÞ׫ĈΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α"«ÚÞæΑ[¨ê½ΑæËΑæ¨Α+ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΑλõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑÄΑ
W£ê½æ«ËÄμΑæΡΑ ͎͊͒͊Α ËÚΑ Ä££Α «ÄΑ ×ÚËõ««Ä£Α ËÚΑ ÚÄÚ«Ä£Α Ë¢Α ÄüΑ ÞÚõ«Α ËÚΑ ÞÚõ«ÞΠΑ½½Α ĺΑ ½ËÄÞΑæËΑ
A[AÞΑËÄ¢ËÚëģΑæËΑæ¨ΑËõΑ£ê«½«ÄÞΑÙ꽫¢üΑ¢ËÚΑ½ÞÞ«Ĉæ«ËÄΑêÄÚΑ×Ú«ËÚ«æüΑÞæËÚΑ½Ä«Ä£ΠΑHence
both statements are not correct.
142
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
A[AÞΑöÚΑÚ½ÞÞ«ĈΑÄΑA[AÞΑÄΑT[;ΑÚΑË¢æÄΑÞÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΠ
(ËöΑæËΑËõÚΧΑ[æÄÚΑÄöÞ××Ú
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέÃÞÃÞαÄËæαÞææ«αêæα£ÚËö«Ä£α«ÄαÞ«āαÞÞÚæÞαΑĈÄëÄέÚæ«α
½͏͏͏͏͉͉͒͑Π
ΑÞÚÄÞ¨ËæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËõΑÚ櫽Α«ÄΑö¨«¨ΑA[AÞΑ¨õΑÄΑæ£ËÚ«ÞΑ«ÞΑÞ¨ÚΑ½Ëö
½æ¨Ë꣨Αæ¨ΑÞËÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ½ÞËΑ«Ä½êÞΑT[;ΡΑêæΑËõÚ½½Αæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑA[AÞΑÄΑÄËæΑ
ĺ«Ä£Α«ÄΑ£ÄÚ½Π
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
BËΑÞË×ΑÞΑæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ¢æê½Π
b¨ΑÞËÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ«ÞΑΑ½ÄºæΑÞææÃÄæΑÄΑæ¨Ú¢ËÚΑÞëģ½üΑöÚËÄ£ΡΑêæΑ£«ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚΑϏ½½ϐΑÃüΑ
ΑΑæÚ×ΠΑb¨ΑWÞÚõΑ ĺΑË¢Α+Ä«ϐÞΑöÞ«æÞΑÄÞöÚÞΑæ¨ΑËêæΑÚ½æΑæËΑ½«£««½«æüΑË¢Αæ¨ΑA[AÞΑ¢ËÚΑ
TÚ«ËÚ«æüΑ[æËÚΑ;Ä«Ä£ΑλT[;μΠΑ
[HfWΑ ¨ææ×ÞέέÃÞÃΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέºÄËöαËêæαÃÞÃ
143
INFRASTRUCTURE
λ͋ΑVêÞæ«ËÄÞμ
V͊ΠΑ r«æ¨Α Ú¢ÚÄΑ æËΑ ϏBæ«ËĽΑ +ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ ÄΑ +Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ "êÄϐΡΑ ö¨«¨Α Ë¢Α æ¨Α ¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α
ÞææÃÄæÞΑ«ÞέÚΑËÚÚæΧΑ
1. It is an organ of NITI Aayog.
2. It has a corpus of Rs. 4,00,000 crore at present.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
Bæ«ËĽΑ +ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ ÄΑ +Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ "êÄΑ λB++"μΑ «ÞΑ Α ¢êÄΑ ÚæΑ üΑ æ¨Α #ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α ¢ËÚΑ
ĨīģΑ «Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ ĈÄÄ«Ä£Α «ÄΑ æ¨Α ËêÄæÚüΠΑ +æÞΑ Úæ«ËÄΑ öÞΑ ÄÄËêÄΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α fÄ«ËÄΑ ê£æΑ
͉͎͋͊α͊͏ΠΑ#ËõÚÄ«Ä£ΑËêÄ«½ΑË¢ΑB++"Α«ÞΑÄΑõ«ÞËÚüΑËüΑαΑ¨«ÚΑüΑæ¨Α"«ÄÄΑA«Ä«ÞæÚΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑÄΑËÚ£ÄΑ
Ë¢ΑB+b+ΑüË£ΠΑHence statement 1 is not correct.
b¨Α×ÚË×ËÞΑËÚ×êÞΑË¢ΑB++"Α«ÞΑWÞΠΑ͍͉Ρ͉͉͉ΑÚËÚÞΑλÚËêÄΑf[Α͏Α «½½«ËÄμΠΑHence statement 2 is also not
correct.
144
ANALYSIS:
+Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΑ¨ÞΑÄΑΑõÚüΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ¢ËêÞΑÚΑË¢Αæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑÄΑæ¨Ú¢ËÚΑB++"Α¨ΑÚëÄΑ
ËÄæ«ÄêËêÞ½üΑ«ÄΑÄöÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α͉͋͊͐ΠΑb¨ΑæË׫Α«ÞΑ½ÞËΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α×ÚÞ×æ«õΑË¢ΑËõÚ«Ä£ΑºüΑĈÄÄ«½Α
«ÄÞæ«æêæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΠΑ
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
BËæΑÃê¨ΑÞË×Α«ÞΑæ¨ÚΑÞΑ«æΑ«ÞΑΑ×êÚ½üΑ¢æê½ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΡΑêæΑËÄΑËê½Α¨õΑæ¨Ë꣨æΑ¨ËöΑB+b+ΑüË£ΡΑΑ
½«Úæ«õΑÄΑ×½ÄÄ«Ä£ΑËüΡΑËê½ΑÚæΑÞê¨ΑΑ¢êÄΑæËΑËËÞæΑ«Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚΠΑb¨êÞΑüΑÞÞêëģΑæ¨æΑ
ÞææÃÄæΑ͊Α«ÞΑÄËæΑËÚÚæΡΑËÄΑËê½Α¨õΑ£ËæΑÚ«ΑË¢ΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΑÄΑλμΠΑ
[HfWΑ ¨ææ×έέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέ+ÄêÞæÚüέ#ËõæΠαÃê½½ÞαА͋А͉͑АΑ͒͑Ëêæα
ËÃα½«ÄºА͋А͉͑А͒͒α«ÄÄæ«õα¢ËÚαB++"ᨫ¢έÚ櫽͍͊͌͐͑͌͒͒Π
¨ææ×έέÚæ¨×«Π«Äέ«ÄûΠר×А͌"æ«æ½А͌Bæ«ËĽε+ÄõÞæα
ÃÄæεÄε+Ä¢ÚÞæÚêæêÚε"êÄελB++"μ
¨ææ×έέÄ««ĈÄ«ΠËÃέ«ÄûΠ¨æý
«æ«ËĽΑ+Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄ
+""WBΑ brBΑB+"ΑBΑB++"
NIF: National Investment Fund (NIF)Α öÞΑ Þ潫ިΑ æËΑ Ú«õΑ «Þ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ
×ÚËÞΑ Ë¢Α ÄæÚ½Α ×꽫Α ÞæËÚΑ ÄæÚ×Ú«ÞÞΑ ÄΑæËΑ «ÄõÞæΑæ¨Α ÞÃΑæËΑ £ÄÚæΑ
ÚÄ«Ä£ÞΑö«æ¨ËêæΑ×½æ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑËÚ×êÞΠΑb¨ΑÚÄ«Ä£ÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α"êÄΑöÚΑæËΑΑêÞΑ¢ËÚΑ
Þ½æΑ ÄæÚ½Α ÞË«½Α ö½¢ÚΑ [¨ÃÞΑ ϞΑ ׫æ½Α «ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ ÚÙê«ÚÃÄæÞΑ Ë¢Α
×ÚËĈæ½ΑÄΑÚõ«õ½ΑT[fÞΠΑb¨«ÞΑ¢êÄΑöÞΑº×æΑËêæÞ«Αæ¨ΑËÄÞ˽«æΑ¢êÄΑË¢Α
+Ä«ΠΑb¨Α¢êÄΑÃΑË×Úæ«ËĽΑ«ÄΑ͉͉͎͋ΠΑÄæ«ÚΑ«Þ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ×ÚËÞΑÚΑæËΑΑ
Ú«æΑæËΑæ¨Αû«Þæ«Ä£ΑϏT꽫ΑËêÄæϐΑêÄÚΑæ¨Α¨ΑB+"ΑÄΑæ¨üΑöËê½ΑÚëÄΑ
æ¨ÚΑêÄ櫽Αö«æ¨ÚöÄέ«ÄõÞæΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α××ÚËõΑ×êÚ×ËÞΠΑb¨Α½½Ëæ«ËÄÞΑËêæΑË¢Αæ¨Α
B+"Αö«½½ΑΑ«Α«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄÄê½Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ê£æΠΑ
V͋ΠËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α׫ÚÞΑ
TËÚæΑΑ r½½ΑºÄËöÄΑÞΑ
1. Kamarajar Port : First major port in India registered as a company
2. Mundra Port : Largest privately owned port in India
3. Visakhapatnam: Largest container port in India
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
(a) Only one pair
(b) Only two pairs
(c) All three pairs
(d) None of the pairs
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
Pair 1 is correctly matched: 9ÃÚ¶ÚΑ TËÚæΡΑ ½ËæΑ ËÄΑ æ¨Α ËÚËÃĽΑ ËÞæΑ ËêæΑ ͍͋Α ºÃΑ ÄËÚæ¨Α Ë¢Α
¨ÄÄ«Α TËÚæΡΑ ¨ÄÄ«ΡΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ æ¨Α ͊͋æ¨Α öËÚΑ ×ËÚæΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«ΡΑ ÄΑ æ¨Α ĈÚÞæΑ ×ËÚæΑ «ÄΑ +Ä«Α ö¨«¨Α «ÞΑ Α ×꽫Α
ËÃ×ÄüΠΑ b¨Α ×ËÚæΑ öÞΑ ½ÚΑ ÞΑ Α öËÚΑ ×ËÚæΑ êÄÚΑ æ¨Α +Ä«ÄΑ TËÚæÞΑ æΡΑ ͉͊͒͑Α «ÄΑ AÚ¨Α ͊͒͒͒Α ÄΑ
«ÄËÚ×ËÚæΑÞΑÄÄËÚΑTËÚæΑ;«Ã«æΑêÄÚΑæ¨ΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑæΡΑ͎͊͒͏Α«ÄΑHæËÚΑ͊͒͒͒ΠΑb¨Α9ÃÚ¶ÚΑTËÚæΑ
«ÞΑæ¨ΑËĽüΑËÚ×ËÚæ«āΑöËÚΑ×ËÚæΑÄΑ«ÞΑÚ£«ÞæÚΑÞΑΑËÃ×ÄüΠΑ
Pair 2 is correctly matched:ΑTËÚæΑË¢ΑAêÄÚΑ«ÞΑ+Ä«ϐÞΑ«££ÞæΑ×Ú«õæΑ×ËÚæΠΑ;ËæΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α9êæ¨Α«ÞæÚ«æΑË¢Α
æ¨ΑÞææΑË¢Α#ê¶ÚæΡΑAêÄÚΑ½«ÞΑËÄΑæ¨ΑÄËÚæ¨ΑÞ¨ËÚÞΑË¢Αæ¨Α#ê½¢ΑË¢Α9êæ¨Π
T«ÚΑ ͌Α «ÞΑ ÄËæΑ ËÚÚæ½üΑ Ãæ¨ΑÞΑ Ë¢Α AüΑ ͉͋͋͌ΡΑæ¨Α 6ö¨Ú½½Α B¨ÚêΑ TËÚæΑêæ¨ËÚ«æüΑ λ6BTμΑ æΑ Bõ«Α
AêëΑ öÞΑ æ¨Α ×ÚëÚΑ ËÄæ«ÄÚΑ ¨Ä½«Ä£Α ×ËÚæΑ «ÄΑ +Ä«ΡΑ ËêÄæ«Ä£Α ¢ËÚΑ ÚËêÄΑ ͎͉АΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α æËæ½Α
ËÄæ«ÄÚ«āΑÚ£ËΑõ˽êÃΡΑÚËÞÞΑæ¨ΑöËÚΑ×ËÚæÞΑË¢Α+Ä«ΠΑËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΑËÄΑ͋͏Αæ¨ΑAüΑ͊͒͑͒ΡΑ«ÄΑæ¨ÚΑ
ÞΑ Ë¢Α «æÞΑ Ë×Úæ«ËÄÞΡΑ 6BTΑ ¨ÞΑ æÚÄÞ¢ËÚÃΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ Α 꽺αΑ Ú£ËΑ æÚëĽΑ æËΑ ËÃΑ æ¨Α ×ÚëÚΑ
ËÄæ«ÄÚΑ×ËÚæΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΠΑ6BTΑ«ÞΑËÄÄæΑæËΑËõÚΑ͉͉͋Α×ËÚæÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚ½ΑÄΑ«ÞΑÚĺΑ͋͏æ¨Α«ÄΑæ¨Α
½«ÞæΑË¢ΑæË×Α͉͉͊ΑËÄæ«ÄÚΑTËÚæÞΑ£½Ë½½üΠΑÞΑ×ÚΑæ¨ΑÚÄæΑĈÄ«Ä£ÞΑ«æΑ«ÞΑ½«õΑæ¨æΑæ¨æΑAêÄÚΑ×ËÚæΑ«ÞΑ
the biggest container port.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
b¨Α ×ËÚæÞΑ Ë¢æÄΑ ××ÚΑ «ÄΑ
æ¨Α ÄöÞΡΑ Þ׫½½üΑ
AêÄÚΑ ×ËÚæΑ ö¨«¨Α «ÞΑ Α
×Ú«õæ½üΑËöÄΑ×ËÚæΑË¢Αæ¨Α
Ä«Α£ÚËê×Π
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
There is no scope for elimination ÞΑÄüΑÄêÃÚΑË¢Α׫ÚÞΑÃüΑΑËÚÚæ½üΑÃæ¨Π
Source: ÄΑ Ú櫽Α «ÄΑ b¨Α («ÄêΑ λ×Ú«½ΡΑ ͉͋͋͌μΑ «ÞêÞÞÞΑ æ¨Α ×ÚËĈæΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α 9ÃÚ¶ÚΑ TËÚæΑ ;æΠΑb¨«ÞΑ Ϗ;æϐΑ
means that the port is registered as a company.Α+¢ΑÄΑÞ׫ÚÄæΑ×üÞΑ£ÚæÚΑææÄæ«ËÄΑæËΑ¨ËöΑæÚÃÞΑÚΑ
ÃÄæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÚ櫽ÞΡΑæ¨ÄΑĈÄ«æ½üΑæ¨üΑËê½ΑÄÞöÚΑλ+æΑ«ÞΑÄËæΑÞüΑæ¨Ë꣨μΠΑT½ÞΑĈÄΑ½ËöΑæ¨Α
ÞÚÄÞ¨ËæΑË¢Αæ¨æΑÚ櫽
146
ENERGY SECTOR
λ͌ΑVêÞæ«ËÄÞμ
ΑV͊ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) is the first regulatory body set up by the Government of India.
2. One of the tasks of PNGRB is to ensure competitive markets for gas.
3. Appeals against the decisions of PNGRB go before the Appellate Tribunals for Electricity.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
b¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨ÞΑÄõ«Þ£ΑæËΑõ½Ë×Αæ¨ΑBæ«ËĽΑ#ÞΑ#Ú«ΠΑ"ËÚΑ樫ÞΑæ¨ΑTæÚ˽êÃΑÄΑBæêÚ½Α#ÞΑ
W£ê½æËÚüΑ ËÚΑλTB#W μΑ«ÞΑæ¨Αêæ¨ËÚ«æüΑæËΑ£ÚÄæΑêæ¨ËÚ«āæ«ËÄΑæËΑæ¨ΑÄæ«æ«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Αõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑË¢Α
«æüΑ#ÞΑ«ÞæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑλ#μΑÄæöËÚºΑ«ÄΑ#Ë£Úר«½ΑÚÞΑλ#ÞμΑÞΑ×ÚΑTB#W ΑæΡΑ͉͉͋͏Π
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
b¨Α Ú£ê½æËÚüΑ ËüΑ «ÞΑ Ë¢Α ÚÄæΑ ËÚ«£«ÄΠΑ b¨Α æËëΑ ÄÚ£üΑ W£ê½æËÚüΑ ËÚΑ öÞΑ ËÄÞæ«æêæΑ ËÄΑ ͎͊Α
BËõÃÚΑ͊͒͑͌Πb¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑ½Ú½üΑÞææÃÄæΑ͊Α«ÞΑÄËæΑËÚÚæΠΑfÞ«Ä£Αæ¨æΑ½Ë£«ΡΑöΑÄΑÚ¨Αæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑ
ÄÞöÚΠ
[HfWΑ ¨ææ×έέöööΠ×Ä£ÚΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέËêæαêÞΠ¨æý
147
V͋ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. Coal sector was nationalized by the Government of India under Indira Gandhi.
2. Now, coal blocks are allocated on lottery basis.
3. Till recently, India imported coal to meet the shortages of domestic supply, but now India is self-sufficient in coal
product.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
+Ä«ΑËΑÄËæΑ¨õΑ£ËËΑÙ꽫æüΑ˽Α¨ÄΑöΑ«Ã×ËÚæΑËêÚΑ£ËËΑ¨êĺΑË¢ΑËêÚΑÚÙê«ÚÃÄæΑÞËΑ͌ÚΑÞææÃÄæΑ
ÄΑΑ½«Ã«ÄæΠΑBËöΑöΑÄΑËÃΑæËΑÄÞöÚΑ͊Π
[HfWΑ ËÄËëÞΑÞêÚõüΑ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέ+ÄêÞæÚüέö¨üα¨Þα˽αëÄα
«Ä£αÄαË×Äαê×έÚ櫽͎͋͋͑͊͏͑͒Π
148
˽Α«ÞΑΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑëÄÚ½ÞΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑëĽüΑêÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α£ÄÚæ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ÚýΑ×ËöÚΑÄΑ
Þýæ«Ä£ΑË¢Α«ÚËÄΑËÚΠΑ
˽Α ËêÚÞΑ «ÄΑ Ú˺Α ÞÙêÄÞΑ ëĽüΑ Ë¢ two geological ages, namely Gondwana and Tertiary
deposits.
ËêæΑ͉͑Α×ÚΑÄæΑË¢Αæ¨Α˽Α×ËÞ«æÞΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«Α«ÞΑË¢Α«æêëÄËêÞΑæü×ΑÄΑ«ÞΑË¢ΑÄËÄα˺«Ä£Α£ÚΠΑ
b¨Α ÃËÞæΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ #ËÄöÄΑ ˽Α Ĉ½ÞΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α ÚΑ ½ËæΑ «ÄΑ ÃËÚΑ q½½üΠΑ b¨üΑ ½«Α «ÄΑ
6¨Úº¨Äα Ä£½Α˽Α½æΑÄΑæ¨Α«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ˽ΑĈ½ÞΑ«ÄΑ樫ÞΑÚ£«ËÄΑÚΑWÄ«£Ä¶ΡΑ6¨Ú«ΡΑ ˺ÚËΡΑ
#«Ú««¨ΡΑ9ÚÄ×êÚΠΑ
6¨Ú«Α«ÞΑæ¨Α½Ú£ÞæΑ˽ΑĈ½Α¢Ë½½ËöΑüΑWÄ«£Ä¶Π
Tertiary coals occur in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Nagaland.Α+æΑ«ÞΑûæÚæΑ¢ÚËÃΑ
ÚÄ£«Ú«ΡΑ¨ÚÚ×êĶ«ΡΑAö½ËÄ£ΑÄΑ;Ä£Ú«ÄΑλA£¨½üμΣΑAºêÃΡΑ6«×êÚΑÄΑBā«ÚΑ«ÄΑê××ÚΑÞÞÃΡΑ
B諺ΑγBÃרêºΑλÚêĨ½ΑTÚÞ¨μΑÄΑ9½ºËæΑλ6ÃÃêΑÄΑ9ިëÚμΠΑ
The brown coal or lignite occur in the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Gujarat and
Jammu and Kashmir.
V͌ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ
Statement-I: India, despite having uranium deposits, depends on coal for most of its electricity production.
Statement-II: Uranium, enriched to the extent of at least 60%, is required for the production of electricity. Which one
of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
(c) Statement-I is correct but statement-II is incorrect
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
WÄæ½üΡΑ+Α¨ÞΑ¢ËêÄΑ͍͑АΑÄÚ«¨ΑêÚÄ«êÃΑæΑ+ÚÄϖÞΑÄê½ÚΑÞ«æΑÄΑ½ÞËΑ
(ê£Α×ËÞ«æÞΑË¢ΑfÚÄ«êÃΑöÚΑ¢ËêÄΑ«ÄΑW¶Þæ¨ÄΠ
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
Statement II is cannot be correct ÞΑfÚÄ«êÃΑÄÚ«¨ÃÄæΑ¨ÞΑ½öüÞΑÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑλÄæÚ«¢ê£ÞμΑÄΑ
+ÚÄϐÞΑÄê½ÚΑÞæËÚΑÄΑæ¨ΑÄÞΑ«Ã×ËÞΑüΑT͎ΑϹΑ͊ΠΑ+æΑ«ÞΑºÄËöÄΑæ¨æΑæ¨ΑÄÚ«¨ÃÄæΑ½õ½ΑÚÙê«ÚΑ¢ËÚΑ
Äê½ÚΑ ×ËöÚΑ ÚæËÚÞΑ «ÞΑ ÄËÚý½üΑ ÚËêÄΑ ͎АΠΑ +¢Α [ææÃÄæΑ II is wrong then options, A, B and D are
eliminated.
[HfWΑ [æÄÚΑÄöÞ××ÚÞ
¨ææ×Þέέ«Ä«Äû×ÚÞÞΠËÃέÚ櫽έöËÚ½έ«ÚÄαÄÚ«¨ÞαêÚÄ«êÃαæËα͏͉α×ÚαÄæαΑ
×êÚ«æüα¢ËÚËαÞ«æα͑͋͑͋͒͒͌έ
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠêÞ«ÄÞÞαÞæÄÚΠËÃέÚ櫽έËÄËÃüα×˽«üέÚ¶Þæ¨ÄαÄæÚÞαêÚÄ«êÃαΑ
ëīģα«ÞÞêÞα½Ë«αæËαêÚÄ«êÃαËÚ×ËÚæ«ËÄα͉͊͋͋͏͉͉͋͐͑͌͐ε͊Π¨æý
150
PLANNING
λ͊ΑVêÞæ«ËÄÞμ
V͊ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑ+Ä«ϐÞΑ"«õαxÚΑT½ÄÞΡΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ«ÞέÚΑËÚÚæΧ
1. From the Second Five-Year Plan, there was a determined thrust towards the substitution of basic and capital goods
industries.
2. The Fourth Five-Year Plan adopted the objective of correcting the earlier trend of increased concentration of wealth
and economic power.
3. In the Fifth Five-Year Plan, for the first time, the financial sector was included as an integral part of the Plan.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
Statement 1 is correctΑ«ÄΑË×æ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÞæÚæ£üΑË¢Α+Ã×ËÚæΑ[êÞæ«æêæ«ËÄΑ+ÄêÞæÚ«½«āæ«ËÄΑλ+[+μΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑĈ¢æ«ÞΠΑ
b¨Α ¨«¢Α ˶æ«õΑ öÞΑ æËΑ ꫽Α Α Þ½¢αÚ½«ÄæΑ ËÄËÃüΠΑ "ÚËÃΑ æ¨Α [ËÄΑ "«õΑ xÚΑ T½ÄΡΑ æ¨ÚΑ öÞΑ Α
æÚëÄΑæ¨ÚêÞæΑæËöÚÞΑÞêÞæ«æêæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑÞ«ΑÄΑ׫æ½Α£ËËÞΑ«ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΠΑb¨Α+[+ΑÞæÚæ£üΑöÞΑÞΑ
ËÄΑæ¨ΑÃ˽ΑË¢Α£ÚËöæ¨ΑÞΑ×ÚË×ËêÄΑüΑTΑA¨½ËÄË«ÞΠ
Statement 2 is correct- b¨Α "ËêÚæ¨Α T½ÄΑ ×ÚËõ«Α Α ÄÞÞÚüΑ ËÚÚæ«õΑ æËΑ æ¨Α Ú½«ÚΑ æÚÄΑ ö¨«¨Α
¨½×Α ×Úæ«ê½Ú½üΑæ¨Α ÞæÚËÄ£ÚΑ Þæ«ËÄÞΑ «ÄΑ £Ú«ê½æêÚΑ ÞΑö½½Α ÞΑ «ÄΑ «ÄêÞæÚüΑæËΑ ĽΑæ¨ÃΑ Ú׫½üΑæËΑ
ĽڣΑÄΑ«õÚÞ«¢üΑæ¨Α×ÚËêæ«ËÄΑÞΠΑ+ÄΑæ¨Α½ËÄ£ΑÚêÄΡΑæ¨Α¢ê½½Α×ËæÄ櫽ΑË¢Α£ÚËöæ¨ΑÄÄËæΑΑÚ½«ÞΑ
êĽÞÞΑæ¨ΑÄÚ£«ÞΑË¢Α½½ΑËêÚΑ×Ë×½ΑÚΑ×êæΑæËΑ×ÚËĈæ½ΑêÞΠΑb¨ΑÃרޫÞΑËÄΑÞ×Ú«Ä£Αæ¨Α«Ã×æêÞΑÄΑ
ÄĈæÞΑË¢ΑËÄËëΑ£ÚËöæ¨ΑæËΑæ¨ΑöºÚΑÞæ«ËÄÞΑ«ÞΑæ¨êÞΑÄÞÞÚüΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α«ÄæÚÞæΑË¢ΑÙ꽫æüΑÞΑö½½ΑÞΑ
£ÚËöæ¨ΠΑb¨ΑT½ÄΑö«½½ΑÄËöΑÞÞ«ÞæΑæ¨Α½ÞÞΑ×ÚËÞ×ÚËêÞΑÞæ«ËÄÞΑË¢ΑËêÚΑ¢ÚëģΑ×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑæËΑ«Ã×ÚËõΑ樫ÚΑ
×ËÞ«æ«ËÄΑÄΑúΑΑüæΑ«££ÚΑËÄæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑæËΑæ¨ΑÄæ«ËĽΑËÄËÃüΠ
Statement 3 is not correct:Αb¨ΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÞæËÚΑËÃÞΑÄΑ«Äæ£Ú½Α×ÚæΑË¢Αæ¨Α×½ÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α͒æ¨ΑĈõαüÚΑ
×½ÄΠ
ANALYSIS:
Lorem
5-year ×½ÄÞΑ ÚΑ £«õÄΑ «ÄΑ ͊͊æ¨Α ½ÞÞΑ BWbΑ ö¨«¨Α «ÞΑ Α Þ«Α ÞËêÚΑ ÄΑ 樫ÞΑ æË׫Α «ÞΑ Ú꫽Α «ÄΑ
êÄÚÞæÄ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑËÄËëΑ¨«ÞæËÚüΑË¢Α+Ä«Π
151
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
æΑ ½ÞæΑ æ¨Α ͌ÚΑ ÞææÃÄæΑ Ëê½Α ¨õΑ ÄΑ ½«Ã«ÄæΑ ÞΑ æ¨Α ͎æ¨Α "«õΑxÚΑ öÞΑ æËËΑ Ú½üΑ æËΑ ¢ËêÞΑ ËÄΑ Α
ÃËÚÄΑÄΠ
1991 Reforms
λ͋ΑVêÞæ«ËÄÞμ
V͊ΠΑr¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α¨Þέ¨õΑËêÚÚΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«Α¢æÚΑ«æÞΑ½«Ú½«āæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑËÄËëΑ×˽««ÞΑ«ÄΑ
͊͒͒͊Χ
1. Share of agriculture in GDP increased enormously.
2. Share of India’s exports in world trade increased.
3. FDI inflows increased.
4. India’s foreign exchange reserves increased enormously.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 4 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
b¨Α×ËÞæαÚ¢ËÚÃΑ×Ú«ËΑÞ¨ËöÞΑæ¨Α£Úê½Α½«ÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α£Ú«ê½æêÚΑÞæËÚϐÞΑËÄæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑæËΑæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑ
ËÄËÃüΠΑ +Ä«ϐÞΑ æÚ«æ«ËĽΑ Ëê×æ«ËÄΡΑ £Ú«ê½æêÚΑ ÄËöΑ ËÄæÚ«êæÞΑ ËĽüΑ ËêæΑ ͎͊АΑ æËΑ æ¨Α #TΡΑ ËöÄΑ
¢ÚËÃΑ͋͒Α×ÚÄæΑ«ÄΑ͊͒͒͊ΠΑHence, statement 1 is incorrect.
[¨ÚΑË¢Α+Ä«ϖÞΑû×ËÚæÞΑ«ÄÚÞΑÞ«ÄΑ͊͒͒͊ΠΑHence statement 2 is correct.
¢ËÚΑ͊͒͒͊ΡΑ¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑöÞΑÄ£½«£«½ΠΑb¨ΑĈÚÞæΑüÚΑË¢ΑÚ¢ËÚÃΑÞöΑΑæËæ½Α¢ËÚ«£ÄΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑË¢Α
ËĽüΑϮ͍͐Αë½½«ËÄΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑ«ÄõÞæÃÄæÞΑ¨õΑÞ櫽üΑÚ«ÞÄΑÞ«ÄΑæ¨ÄΡΑû×æΑ¢ËÚΑËÞ«ËĽΑ½«×ÞΑæöÄΑ
͊͒͒͐ΑÄΑ͉͉͉͋ΑÄΑ͉͉͋͑ΑÄΑ͉͋͊͋ΑγΑËö«Ä£ΑæËΑæ¨Α£½Ë½ΑËÄËëΑÞ½ËöËöÄΠΑÞΑË¢Α͌͊ΑAÚ¨Α͉͋͊͏ΡΑæ¨Α
ËêÄæÚüΑ¨ÞΑÚ«õΑæËæ½Α"+ΑË¢ΑϮ͌͐͊Α«½½«ËÄΡΑÞ«ÄΑ͊͒͒͊ΠΑb¨ΑüÚΑ͉͉͋͑ΑÚËÚΑæ¨Α¨«£¨ÞæΑ"+Α«ÄĉËöΑË¢Α
Ϯ͍͌Π͍͉Α«½½«ËÄΠΑb¨Α«££ÞæΑÞ×êÚæΑ«ÄΑ«ÄĉËöΑöÞΑæöÄΑ͉͉͎͋ΑÄΑ͉͉͋͏ΑγΑ͎͊͐Π͎͍АΠΑÞΑË¢ΑAÚ¨Α͉͋͊͏ΡΑ+Ä«Α
¨ÞΑææÚæΑϮ͉͊Π͎͎Α«½½«ËÄΑöËÚæ¨ΑË¢Α"+ΠΑHence, statement 3 is correct.
+æΑöÞΑ+Ä«ϐÞΑ«ÞýΑÞææΑË¢Α¢ËÚûΑÚÞÚõÞΑæ¨æΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑæËΑÚ«Ä£Α«ÄΑËÄËëΑÚ¢ËÚÃÞΠΑBËöΡΑ
͎͋ΑüÚÞΑ½æÚΡΑ¢ËÚûΑÚÞÚõÞΑÚΑæΑΑÚËÚΑ¨«£¨ΠΑ+ÄΑ͊͒͒͊ΡΑ«æΑÞæËËΑæΑ¶êÞæΑϮ͎Π͑Α«½½«ËÄΠΑÞΑË¢Α͍͋Α6êÄΡΑæ¨Α
ËêÄæÚüϐÞΑ ¢ËÚûΑ ÚÞÚõÞΑ ÚΑ æΑ Ϯ͌͏͉Π͑Α «½½«ËÄΠΑ fÞê½½üΡΑ «Ã×ËÚæΑ ËõÚ£Α Ë¢Α ͐α͑Α ÃËÄæ¨ÞΑ «ÞΑ ËÄÞ«ÚΑ
ÞêĆ«ÄæΠΑb¨Α«££ÞæΑ¶êÃ×Α«ÄΑÚÞÚõÞΑöÞΑö«æÄÞÞΑæöÄΑ͉͉͋͐ΑÄΑ͉͉͋͑Αö¨ÄΑæ¨Αº«ææüΑê½£Α
͎͎АΑæËΑ¨«æΑϮ͉͌͒Π͋Α«½½«ËÄΠΑ(ÄΡΑÞææÃÄæΑ͍Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΠ
153
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
+æΑ «ÞΑ ËÃÃËÄΑ ºÄËö½£Αæ¨æΑæ¨Α ;T#Α Ú¢ËÚÃÞΑ «ÃΑ æΑ Þ«Ä£Α Úê½ÞΑ ÄΑ Ú£ê½æ«ËÄÞΑ ¢ËÚΑ ×Ú«ÃÚ«½üΑæ¨Α
bÚæ«ÚüΑ[æËÚΑÄΑæ¨Α+ÄêÞæÚ«½ΑÞæËÚΠΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚΑöÞΑÄËæΑæΑæ¨Α¢ËêÞΠΑ(ÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑ͊ΑÄΑΑÞ«½üΑ
½«Ã«ÄæΠ
[HfWΑ ¨ææ×έέöööΠĈÚÞæ×ËÞæΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέ͎͋αüÚÞαË¢α½«Ú½«Þæ«ËÄαα£½«Ã×ÞαË¢α«Ä«ÞαΑ
£ÚËöæ¨α«Äα͍͊α¨ÚæÞα͋͑͐͐͏͎͍Π¨æý
V͋ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑæ¨Α+Ä«ÄΑËÄËÃüΑ¢æÚΑæ¨Α͊͒͒͊ΑËÄËëΑ½«Ú½«āæ«ËÄΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëöα
«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ
1. Worker productivity (rs. per worker at 2004 -05 prices) increased in urban areas while it decreased in rural areas.
2. The percentage share of rural areas in the workforce steadily increased.
3. In rural areas, the growth in non-farm economy increased.
4. The growth rate in rural employment decreased.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 4 only
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
+ÄΑB+b+ΑüË£ϐÞΑ××ÚΑύ¨Ä£«Ä£Α[æÚêæêÚΑË¢ΑWêÚ½ΑËÄËÃüΑË¢Α+Ä«Α+Ã×½«æ«ËÄÞΑ¢ËÚΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑÄΑ
#ÚËöæ¨Α͉͋͊͐ώΡΑ¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑËÞÚõæ«ËÄÞΑöÚΑÃΑ
b¨ΑÞ˽êæΑ½õ½ΑË¢Α«ÄËÃΑ×ÚΑöËÚºÚΑ«ΠΠΑöËÚºÚΑ×ÚËêæ«õ«æüΑ¨ÞΑ«ÄÚÞΑ¢ËÚΑËæ¨ΑÚêÚ½ΑÄΑêÚÄΑ
ÚÞΠΑ"ËÚΑÚêÚ½ΑÚÞΑ«æΑöÞΑWÞΠΑ͌͐͋͐͌Α«ÄΑ͉͉͍͋Αα͉͎ΑÄΑWÞΠΑ͉͎͎͊͊͐Α«ÄΑ͉͋͊͊Αα͊͋ΡΑö¨«½Α¢ËÚΑêÚÄΑÚÞΑ«æΑöÞΑ
WÞΠΑ͉͍͊͋͊͒Α«ÄΑ͉͉͍͋Αα͉͎ΑÄΑWÞΠΑ͎͎͋͑͋͊Α«ÄΑ͉͋͊͊Αα͊͋ΠΑHence statement 1 is not correct .
ÞΑ×ÚΑ͉͋͊͊ΑÄÞêÞΡΑ͏͑Π͑АΑË¢Α+Ä«ϐÞΑ×Ë×ê½æ«ËÄΑÄΑ͐͋Π͍АΑË¢ΑöËÚº¢ËÚΑÚÞ«Α«ÄΑÚêÚ½ΑÚÞΠΑ(ËöõÚΡΑ
ÞæüΑæÚÄÞ«æ«ËÄΑæËΑêÚÄ«āæ«ËÄΑËõÚΑæ¨ΑüÚÞΑ¨ÞΑ½ΑæËΑΑ½«ÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÚêÚ½ΑÞ¨ÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚº¢ËÚΡΑ
¢ÚËÃΑ͐͐Π͑АΑ«ÄΑ͊͒͒͌Αα͍͒ΑæËΑ͉͐Π͒АΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͊Αα͊͋ΠΑHence statement 2 is incorrect .
ËêæΑæöËΑ樫ÚΑË¢ΑÚêÚ½Α«ÄËÃΑ«ÞΑÄËöΑ£ÄÚæΑ«ÄΑÄËÄΑα£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Αæ«õ«æ«ÞΠΑBËÄΑα¢ÚÃΑËÄËÃüΑ¨ÞΑ
«ÄÚÞΑ«ÄΑÚêÚ½ΑÚÞΠΑb¨ΑÞ¨ÚΑË¢Α£Ú«ê½æêÚΑ«ÄΑÚêÚ½ΑËÄËÃüΑ¨ÞΑÚÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ͎͐АΑ«ÄΑ͊͒͒͌Αα͍͒ΑæËΑ
͌͒АΑ«ÄΑ͉͋͊͊Αα͊͋Π Hence statement 3 is correct .
¢æÚΑ͉͉͍͋Αα͉͎ΡΑæ¨ΑÚêÚ½ΑÚÞΑ¨õΑö«æÄÞÞΑÄ£æ«õΑ£ÚËöæ¨Α«ÄΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑ«ÄÞ׫æΑË¢Α¨«£¨Α£ÚËöæ¨Α«ÄΑ
Ëêæ×êæΠΑb¨Α£ÚËöæ¨ΑÚæΑË¢ΑÚêÚ½ΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑöÞΑ͊Π͍͎АΑêÚ«Ä£Α͍͊͒͒Αα͉͉͎͋ΡΑö¨«¨Α¢½½ΑæËΑα͉Π͋͑АΑæöÄΑ
͉͉͎͋Αα͊͋ΠΑ(ÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ͍Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΑΠ
154
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
+æΑöÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α××ÚΑÚ½ÞΑüΑB«æ«ΑüË£Α¨Ä£«Ä£Α[æÚêæêÚΑË¢ΑWêÚ½ΑËÄËÃüΑË¢Α+Ä«Α+Ã×½«æ«ËÄÞΑ¢ËÚΑ
Ã×½ËüÃÄæΑÄΑ#ÚËöæ¨Α͉͋͊͐Π
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
b¨Α ÞËÄΑ ÞææÃÄæΑ ÄΑ Α Þ«½üΑ ½«Ã«ÄæΑ ÞΑ ϏÞæüΑ £ÚËöæ¨ϐΑ «ÄΑ ËÄËëÞΑ «ÞΑ ÚÚΑ λêÄËêæ½üΑ 樫ÞΑ
ÞÞêÃ×æ«ËÄΑÚÚ«ÞΑÄΑ½ÃÄæΑË¢ΑÚ«Þºμ
[HfWΑ Directly from the paper ‘Changing Structure of Rural Economy of India Implications for
Employment and Growth 2017’ by Niti Ayog -Α¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠÄ«æ«Π£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«æÞέ¢ê½æέĈ½ÞέΑ
͉͋͋͌α͉͋έ͊͊εWêÚ½εËÄËÃüε«ÞêÞÞ«ËÄεT×Úε͉Π×¢
155
POVERTY
λ͊ΑVêÞæ«ËÄÞμ
V͊ΠΑ+ÄΑΑ£«õÄΑüÚΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑËĆ«½Α×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄÞΑÚΑ¨«£¨ÚΑ«ÄΑÞËÃΑÞææÞΑæ¨ÄΑ«ÄΑËæ¨ÚÞΑêÞ
(a) poverty rates vary from State to State
(b) price levels vary from State to State
(c) Gross State Product varies from State to State
(d) quality of public distribution varies from State to State
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
b¨ΑT½ÄÄ«Ä£ΑËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΑÃæ¨Ë˽ˣüΑ¢ËÚΑÞæ«Ãæ«Ä£Α×ËõÚæüΑæΑÄæ«ËĽΑÄΑÞææΑ½õ½ΑöÞΑÚ£ÚΑüΑ
ÞËÃΑÞΑ«Ä××ÚË×Ú«æΑ«ÄΑ£«õ«Ä£ΑΑÚ×ÚÞÄææ«õΑ׫æêÚΑË¢Αæ¨Α«Ä«ÄΑË¢Α×ËõÚæüΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΠΑ
b¨ΑëÄΑ×Ë«ÄæÞΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÚ«æ««ÞÃΑöÚ
æ¨Α¶êÞæÃÄæΑ×ÚËêÚΣ
æ¨Α¨Ë«ΑË¢ΑĉæËÚÞΑæËΑÚ×ÚÞÄæΑ×Ú«Α¨Ä£ÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄΣ
æ¨Α××½«æ«ËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞÃΑ×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄΑ«ÄΑ½½Αæ¨ΑÞææÞΡΑö¨«¨Α«Ã×½üΑæ¨ΑÞÄΑË¢Α×Ú«Α«ąÚÄ櫽ÞΑ
ÚËÞÞΑæ¨ΑÞææÞΣ
êÞΑË¢ΑΑĈûΑËÄÞêÃ×æ«ËÄΑÞºæΑËõÚΑæ«ÃΣΑÄ
æ¨ΑêÄ«¢ËÚÃΑËÄÞêÃ×æ«ËÄΑÞºæΑ¢ËÚΑ½½Αæ¨ΑÞææÞΠ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
#ÚËÞÞΑ [ææΑ TÚËêæΑ õÚ«ÞΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ [ææΑ æËΑ [ææΑ αΑ b¨Α #ÚËÞÞΑ [ææΑ TÚËêæΑ λ#[TμΑ «ÞΑ Α ÃÞêÚΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α
ËÄËëΑ Ëêæ×êæΑ Ë¢Α Α ÞææΡΑ ÄΑö¨«½Α «æΑ ÃüΑ ËÚÚ½æΑö«æ¨Α ×ËõÚæüΑ ÚæÞΡΑ «æΑ «ÞΑ ÄËæΑ Α «ÚæΑ¢æËÚΑæ¨æΑ
æÚëÄÞΑæ¨Α ËĆ«½Α ×ËõÚæüΑ ½«ÄΠΑb¨Ú¢ËÚΡΑ樫ÞΑ Ë×æ«ËÄΑ «ÞΑ ½ÞÞΑ Ú½õÄæΠΑ V꽫æüΑ Ë¢Α ×꽫Α «ÞæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑ
õÚ«ÞΑ ¢ÚËÃΑ [ææΑ æËΑ [ææΑ αΑ b¨Α Ù꽫æüΑ Ë¢Α ×꽫Α «ÞæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑ ÞüÞæÃÞΑ ÄΑ «Ã×æΑ æ¨Α õ«½«½«æüΑ ÄΑ
ÞÞ««½«æüΑË¢Α¢ËËΑÄΑËæ¨ÚΑÞÞÄ櫽ÞΑêæΑËÞΑÄËæΑ«Úæ½üΑæÚëÄΑæ¨ΑËĆ«½Α×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄÞΠΑÄΑ
ÃËÚËõÚΡΑT꽫Α«ÞæÚ«êæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑΑÚÞ×ËÄÞΑæËΑæ¨Αû«ÞæÄΑË¢Α×ËõÚæüΑÄΑÞËΑ«æÞΑÞÄΑÄÄËæΑΑêÞΑ
ÞΑÄΑ«Ä«æËÚΑË¢Α×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄΠΑBËöΡΑ½æϖÞΑ××½üΑæ¨Α½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄΑæ¨Ä«ÙêΑ½«Ã«ÄæΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΑÄΑλμΑÞΑ
æ¨üΑÚΑ½ÞÞΑ«Úæ½üΑÚ½æΑæËΑæ¨ΑæÚëÄæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑËĆ«½Α×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄÞΠΑrΑÚΑ½¢æΑö«æ¨ΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑËĽüΠΑ
Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
[HfWΑ ¨ææ×έέ×½ÄÄ«Ä£ËÃëÞÞ«ËÄΠÄ«Π«ÄέÚ×ËÚæÞέ£ÄÚ×έ×ËõεÚ×͉͉͐͐Π×¢
156
+""WBbΑHAA+bb[ΑW;bΑbHΑTHqWbxΑ+BΑ+B+
Working Group (1962)Α"ËÚΑæ¨ΑĈÚÞæΑæ«ÃΑ«ÄΑ͊͒͏͋ΑΑ×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄΑöÞΑÙêÄæ«ĈΑüΑ樫ÞΑ#ÚËê×Α«ÄΑæÚÃÞΑË¢ΑΑ
ëīÃêÃΑÚÙê«ÚÃÄæΑλ¢ËËΑÄΑÄËÄα¢ËËμΠ
Dr. Y. K. Alagh (1979): +ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑHĆ«½Α×ËõÚæüΑËêÄæÞΑ£ÄΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑĈÚÞæΑæ«ÃΑÞΑËÄΑæ¨Α××Ú˨ΑË¢Α
樫ÞΑbÞºΑ"ËÚΠ
Lakdawala Expert Group (1993): +æΑ öÞΑ ÄΑ «Ã×ËÚæÄæΑ û×ÚæΑ #ÚËê×Α æ¨Ë꣨Α «æΑ «Α ÄËæΑ ÚĈÄΑ æ¨Α
×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄΑÄΑÚæ«ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚºΑË¢Αæ¨Α½£¨ΑËÃëææΠ
bÄ꽺ÚΑû×ÚæΑ#ÚËê×Αλ͉͉͋͒μΑb¨«ÞΑËÃëææΑÚËÃÃÄΑÞõÚ½Α¨Ä£ÞΑæËΑæ¨ΑöüΑ×ËõÚæüΑ
öÞΑÃÞêÚΑ+æΑÚËÃÃÄΑΑÞ¨«¢æΑöüΑ¢ÚËÃΑÞ«Ä£Αæ¨Α×ËõÚæüΑ½«ÄÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑ½ËÚ«ΑÄËÚÃÞΑêÞΑ«ÄΑ
½½Α×ËõÚæüΑÞæ«Ãæ«ËÄÞΑÞ«ÄΑ͊͒͐͒ΑÄΑæËöÚÞΑæÚ£æΑÄêæÚ«æ«ËĽΑËêæËÃÞΑ«ÄÞæ
WÄ£Ú¶ÄΑ ËÃëææΑ λ͉͋͊͋μΑ Α +æΑ ÃΑ ¢æÚΑ æ¨Α Α bÄ꽺ÚΑ ËÃëææΠΑ b¨Α bÄ꽺ÚΑ ËÃëææϐÞΑ
Úæ«ËĽΑÄΑ××Ú˨ΑöÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΠΑWÄ£Ú¶ÄΑËÃëææΑöÞΑ½ÞËΑæ¨ΑÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α¨ËêÚΑêΑæËΑ
¨Ä£«Ä£Αæ«ÃÞΑÄΑÞ׫Úæ«ËÄÞΑË¢Α×Ë×½ΑË¢Α+Ä«ΡΑWÄ£Ú¶ÄΑËÃëææΑöÞΑÞæΑê×Α«ÄΑ͉͋͊͋Π
157
V͊ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑϏBæ«ËĽΑ[º«½½ÞΑV꽫Ĉæ«ËÄΑ"ÚÃöËÚºΑλB[V"μϐΡΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ£«õÄΑ
½ËöΑ«ÞέÚΑËÚÚæΧ
1. Under NSQF, a learner can acquire the certification for competency only through formal learning.
2. An outcome expected from the implementation of NSQF is the mobility between vocational and general education.
Select the correct answer using the code give below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
b¨ΑBæ«ËĽΑ[º«½½ÞΑV꽫Ĉæ«ËÄÞΑ"ÚÃöËÚºΑλB[V"μΑËڣīāÞΑÙ꽫Ĉæ«ËÄÞΑËÚ«Ä£ΑæËΑΑÞÚ«ÞΑË¢Α½õ½ÞΑ
Ë¢ΑºÄËö½£ΡΑÞº«½½ÞΑÄΑ×æ«æêΠΑb¨ÞΑ½õ½ÞΑÚΑĈÄΑ«ÄΑæÚÃÞΑË¢Α½ÚÄ«Ä£ΑËêæËÃÞΑö¨«¨Αæ¨Α½ÚÄÚΑ
ÃêÞæΑ×ËÞÞÞÞΑÚ£Ú½ÞÞΑË¢Αö¨æ¨ÚΑæ¨üΑöÚΑÙê«ÚΑæ¨ÚË꣨Α¢ËÚýΡΑÄËÄα¢ËÚýΑËÚΑ«Ä¢ËÚýΑ½ÚÄ«Ä£Π
+æΑ ×ÚËõ«ÞΑ ¢ËÚΑ Ãê½æ«×½Α ×æ¨öüÞΡΑ ¨ËÚ«āËÄæ½Α ÞΑ ö½½Α ÞΑ õÚ櫽ΡΑ Ëæ¨Α ö«æ¨«ÄΑ õËæ«ËĽΑ êæ«ËÄΑ ÄΑ
õËæ«ËĽΑæÚ«Ä«Ä£ΑÄΑÃËÄ£ΑõËæ«ËĽΑêæ«ËÄΡΑõËæ«ËĽΑæÚ«Ä«Ä£ΡΑ£ÄÚ½Αêæ«ËÄΑÄΑæ¨Ä«½Α
êæ«ËÄΡΑæ¨êÞΑ½«Äº«Ä£ΑËÄΑ½õ½ΑË¢Α½ÚÄ«Ä£ΑæËΑÄËæ¨ÚΑ¨«£¨ÚΑ½õ½ΠΑHence statement 1 is not correct and
statement 2 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
AÄüΑ ×ÚË£ÚÃÃÞΑ ¨Α ÄΑ ½êĨΑ üΑ æ¨Α £ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ¢ËÚΑ Þº«½½Α õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α ËêÄæÚüΠΑ +ÄΑ 樫ÞΑ
Ú£ÚΡΑBV["Α¨ΑÚëÄΑÚ£ê½Ú½üΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΠ
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
b¨ΑÞææÃÄæΑ͊ΑêÞÞΑæ¨ΑöËÚΑϏËĽüϐΠΑÞΑ×ÚæΑ¢ÚËÃΑ¢ËÚýΑæÚ«Ä«Ä£Αæ¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨Α½ÞËΑæºÄΑ«ÄæËΑ
ËÄÞ«Úæ«ËÄΑ×Ú«ËÚΑû×Ú«ÄΑËæ«ÄΑæ¨ÚË꣨ΑËæ¨ÚΑÃÄÞΡΑ¨ÄΑ«æΑÄΑΑêÞΑ¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄΠΑHÄΑ
ÄΑæ¨êÞΑ£æΑÚ«ΑË¢ΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑÄΑË×æ«ËÄΑλμΑΠ
V͋ΠΑWˣīæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑTÚ«ËÚΑ;ÚÄ«Ä£Α[¨ÃϐΑ«ÞΑÞËÃæ«ÃÞΑÃÄæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÄöÞΑö«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæË
(a) Certifying the skills acquire by construction workers through traditional channels.
(b) Enrolling the persons in Universities for distance learning programmes.
(c) Reserving some skilled jobs to rural and urban poor in some public sector undertakings.
(d) Certifying the skills acquired by trainees under the National Skill Development Programme.
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
b¨ΑWˣīæ«ËÄΑË¢ΑTÚ«ËÚΑ;ÚÄ«Ä£ΑλWT;μΑ«ÞΑÄΑÞÞÞÞÃÄæΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÞº«½½ÞΑÙê«ÚΑüΑæ¨Α«Ä«õ«ê½Αæ¨ÚË꣨Α
û×Ú«ÄΡΑËÞÚõæ«ËÄΑÄΑÞ½¢α½ÚÄ«Ä£ΠΑb¨ΑÞÞÞÞÃÄæΡΑö¨«¨Α«ÞΑ¢Ë½½ËöΑüΑΑÚæ«Ĉæ«ËÄΡΑ£«õÞΑÄΑ
£ΑæËΑÄΑËæ¨Úö«ÞΑ«Ä¢ËÚýΑöËÚºÚΠΑ+æΑ×ÚËõ«ÞΑæ¨ΑÃ×½ËüΑö«æ¨Αæ¨ΑËÄĈÄΡΑÞË«½ΑÚˣīæ«ËÄΑ
ÄΑ Ã×ËöÚÃÄæΑ æ¨æΑ ÚΑ ÄÞÞÚüΑ æËΑ Ä£Ëæ«æΑ ¨«ÞΑ ¢êæêÚΑ Ã×½ËüÃÄæΠΑ "˽½Ëö«Ä£Α ÞêÞÞ¢ê½Α
ÞÞÞÞÃÄæΡΑΑÄ«æΑ«ÞΑ£«õÄΑΑĈÄÄ«½ΑÚöÚΡΑ«ÄΑ«æ«ËÄΑæËΑÚæ«Ĉæ«ËÄΠΑHence option (a) is the
correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
WÄæ½üΡΑλÚËêÄΑ͉͋͊͐μΑ+;Ϟ"[Α[º«½½ÞΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑËÚ×ËÚæ«ËÄΑ;æΑλ+;Ϟ"[Α[º«½½ÞμΑΑ¶Ë«ÄæΑ«Ä«æ«æ«õΑË¢Α+;Ϟ"[Α
êæ«ËÄΑ ϞΑ Bæ«ËĽΑ [º«½½ÞΑ õ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ ËÚ×ËÚæ«ËÄΑ λB[μΑ ½êĨΑ Wˣīæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α TÚ«ËÚΑ ;ÚÄ«Ä£Α
λWT;μΑ×ÚË£ÚÃÃΑ«ÄΑæ¨Α××Ú½ΑÞæËÚΑêÄÚΑTÚ¨ÄΑAÄæÚ«Α9êÞ¨½Αq«ºÞΑx˶ÄΑλTA9qxμΑ͋Π͉Π
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêæ«ËÄέÚÚÞέAÞÞ«õα«ÄαÞ½αÄαΑ«ÄÄËõα
æ«õα«Äα××Ú˨έÚ櫽͊͐͋͑͐͒͊͌Π
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
PLEASE NOTE:Αb¨«ÞΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑλÚ½æΑæËΑ[º«½½Αõ½Ë×ÃÄæμΑÄΑæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄΑËõΑλ½ÞËΑÚ½æΑæËΑ[º«½½Α
õ½Ë×ÃÄæμΑÚΑ½«ÄºΠΑÄΑËæ¨Αæ¨ΑÙêÞæ«ËÄÞΑ¢æêÚΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑÞÃΑüÚΑλ͉͋͊͐μΠΑΑb¨ΑĈÚÞæΑÞææÃÄæΑ
Ë¢Α æ¨Α ×Úõ«ËêÞΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ «ÞΑ ÞΑ ËÄΑ æ¨Α ÞÃΑ «Α ÞΑ æ¨Α Wˣīæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α TÚ«ËÚΑ ;ÚÄ«Ä£ΠΑ +¢Α æ¨Α
£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ ÚˣīāÞΑ ×Ú«ËÚΑ ½ÚÄ«Ä£ΡΑæ¨ÄΑ ¨ËöΑ ÄΑæ¨ΑĈÚÞæΑ ÞææÃÄæΑ Ë¢Αæ¨Α ×Úõ«ËêÞΑ ÙêÞæ«ËÄΑ Α
ËÚÚæΥΧ
159
V͌ΠΑ(êÃÄΑ׫æ½Α¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑÞΑΑËÄ×æΑ«ÞΑææÚΑû×½«ÄΑ«ÄΑæÚÃÞΑË¢ΑΑ×ÚËÞÞΑö¨«¨ΑĽÞΑ
1. individuals of a country to accumulate more capital.
2. increasing the knowledge, skill levels and capacities of the people of the country.
3. accumulation of tangible wealth.
4. accumulation of intangible wealth.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
(êÃÄΑ׫æ½Α¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑ«Ä«æÞΡΑύæ¨Α×ÚËÞÞΑË¢ΑÙê«Ú«Ä£ΑÄΑ«ÄÚÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÄêÃÚΑË¢Α×ÚÞËÄÞΑö¨ËΑ
¨õΑæ¨ΑÞº«½½ÞΡΑêæ«ËÄΑÄΑû×Ú«ÄΑö¨«¨ΑÚΑګ櫽Α¢ËÚΑæ¨ΑËÄËëΑÄΑæ¨Α×˽«æ«½Αõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑ
Ë¢Αæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΠΑΑHence option 1 is not the correct answer.
(êÃÄΑ׫æ½Α¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑæ¨êÞΑÞÞË«æΑö«æ¨Α«ÄõÞæÃÄæΑ«ÄΑÃÄΑÄΑ¨«ÞΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑÞΑΑÚæ«õΑÄΑ
×ÚËêæ«õΑÚÞËêÚΠώΑHence option 2 is correct and option 3 is not correct.
+ÄæÄ£«½Α ö½æ¨Α ËÄÞ«ÞæÞΑ Ë¢Α ¢æËÚÞΑ Þê¨Α ÞΑ æ¨Α æÚêÞæΑ ÃËÄ£Α ×Ë×½Α «ÄΑ Α ÞË«æüΡΑ ÄΑ Ć«ÄæΑ ¶ê««½Α
ÞüÞæÃΡΑ ½ÚΑ ×ÚË×ÚæüΑ Ú«£¨æÞΡΑ ąæ«õΑ £ËõÚÄÃÄæΡΑ ÄΑ £ËËΑ êæ«ËÄΑ ÞüÞæÃΑ æΠΑ (êÃÄΑ ׫æ½Α
¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑĽÞΑêÃê½æ«ËÄΑË¢Α«ÄæÄ£«½Αö½æ¨ΠΑHence option 4 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
+æΑ«ÞΑÙê«æΑ½Ë£«½Αæ¨æΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑ͌ΑÄΑ͍ΑÄÄËæΑΑËæ¨ΑËÚÚæΑæË£æ¨ÚΠ
SOURCE : +Ä«ÄΑËÄËëΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑλBWbΑ½ÞÞΑ͊͊μ
ûÚ×æΑ¢ÚËÃΑBWb 160
161
V͊ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£Α«ÄΑÚÞ×æΑË¢ΑϏBæ«ËĽΑÚÚΑ[Úõ«Þϐ
1. National Career Service is an initiative of the Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India.
2. National Career Service has been launched in a Mission Mode to improve the employment opportunities to
uneducated youth of the country.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS D
EXPLANATION
Bæ«ËĽΑÚÚΑ[Úõ«ΑλB[μΑ×Ú˶æΑ«ÞΑÄΑ«Ä«æ«æ«õΑ½êĨΑüΑæ¨ΑA«Ä«ÞæÚüΑË¢Α;ËêÚΑÄΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑ
λ+Ä«μΑ#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑÞΑΑA«ÞÞ«ËÄΑAËΑTÚ˶æΑ¢ËÚΑÞ潫ި«Ä£ΑÙ꫺ΑÄΑĆ«ÄæΑÚÚΑÚ½æΑ
ÞÚõ«ÞΠ Hence statement 1 is not correct.
+æÞΑ×êÚ×ËÞΑ«ÞΑæËΑ×ÚËõ«ΑΑõÚ«æüΑË¢ΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæαÚ½æΑÞÚõ«ÞΡΑÞê¨ΑÞΑÚÚΑËêÄÞ½½«Ä£ΡΑõËæ«ËĽΑ
£ê«ÄΡΑÄΑ«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑËÄΑÞº«½½Αõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑËêÚÞÞΡΑæËΑ¶ËΑÞºÚÞΑÄΑÃ×½ËüÚÞΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑËêÄæÚüΠΑ+æΑ
«ÃÞΑæËΑ«Ã×ÚËõΑæ¨ΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑË××ËÚæêÄ«æ«ÞΑ¢ËÚΑ½½Α¶ËΑÞºÚÞΡΑÄËæΑ¶êÞæΑæ¨ΑêÄêæΑüËêæ¨ΠΑHence
statement 2 is not correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
+¢Α ËÄΑ ºÄËöÞΑ ö½½Α ö¨æΑ æ¨Α ûæΑ Ú˽Α Ë¢Α ËTbΑ «ÞΑ λfT[Α Þ׫ÚÄæÞΑ ÄΑ æËΑ ºÄËöΑ æ¨æμΡΑ æ¨ÄΑ ËÄΑ ÄΑ
½«Ã«ÄæΑË×æ«ËÄÞΑλμΑÄΑλμΠΑæΑæ¨ΑÞÃΑæ«ÃΡΑ«ÄΑÞææÃÄæΑ͋ΡΑϏêÄêæΑüËêæ¨ϐΑ«ÞΑΑ«ΑÄË꣨Α½êΑ
λæ¨Ë꣨Α樫ÞΑÞÞêÃ×æ«ËÄΑÚÚ«ÞΑÞËÃΑÃËêÄæΑË¢ΑÚ«ÞºμΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέ׫ΠÄ«Π«ÄέÄöÞ«æέTÚ«ÄæW½ÞΠÞ×ûΧÚ½«Ͻ͎͍͍͊͒͑
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠÄÞΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέT£Þέ¢ê½æΠÞ×û
¨ææ×έέ£æΠÄ«Π«ÄέËÄæÄæέÞæêÄæÞέÄæ«ËĽαÚÚαÞÚõ«Πר×
162
V͋ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
As per the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Central (Amendment) Rules, 2018-
1. if rules for fixed-term employment are implemented, it becomes easier for the firms/companies to lay off workers
2. no notice of termination of employment shall be necessary in the case of temporary workman
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
Statement 1 is correct:Αb¨Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ¨ÞΑÄËæ«ĈΑĈûΑæÚÃΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑ¢ËÚΑ½½ΑÞæËÚÞΑæ¨ÚË꣨ΑÄΑ
ÃÄÃÄæΑæËΑæ¨Α+ÄêÞæÚ«½ΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑλ[æÄ«Ä£ΑHÚÚÞμΑÄæÚ½ΑWê½ÞΡΑ͍͊͒͏ΠΑ"«ûαæÚÃΑÃ×½ËüÃÄæΑ
¢ËÚΑ½½ΑÞæËÚÞΑö«½½ΑúΑ«æΑÞ«ÚΑ¢ËÚΑËÃ×Ä«ÞΑæËΑ¨«ÚαÄαĈÚΑöËÚºÚÞΑ½ËÄ£Αö«æ¨ΑÚê«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÚ˽ΑË¢Α
ë½ÃÄΠ
Statement 2 is correct:Α BËΑ ÄËæ«Α Ë¢Α æÚëÄæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α Ã×½ËüÃÄæΑ Þ¨½½Α Α ÄÞÞÚüΑ «ÄΑ æ¨Α ÞΑ Ë¢Α
æÃ×ËÚÚüΑ öËÚºÃÄΑ ö¨æ¨ÚΑ ÃËÄ樽üΑ ÚæΡΑ öº½üΑ ÚæΑ ËÚΑ ׫Α ÚæΑ ÄΑ ×ÚËæ«ËÄÚÞΑ ËÚΑ ½«Α
öËÚºÃÄΠ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×Þέέ«Ä«Äû×ÚÞÞΠËÃέÚ櫽έêÞ«ÄÞÞέËÄËÃüέ«ÄêÞæÚ«½αÃ×½ËüÃÄæαΑÞæÄα
«Ä£ΑαËÚÚÞαÄæÚ½αÚê½Þα͍͊͒͏αÃÄÃÄæαÞÞᨫÚαÄαĈÚαæËαÚα
êαë½ÃÄαÚ˽αΑ͎͉͊͌͐͏͎έ
163
V͌ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑÞê½ΑöËÚºÚÞΑÃ×½ËüΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. All casual workers are entitled for Employees Provident Fund coverage.
2. All casual workers are entitled for regular working hours and overtime payment.
3. The government can by a notification specify that an establishment or industry shall pay wages only through its bank
account.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
T½ÞΑÄËæΑæΑĈÚÞæΑ£½ÄΡΑ½½Αæ¨Αæ¨ÚΑÞææÃÄæÞΑÞÃΑËÚÚæΡΑêæΑfT[ΑÚ£ÚΑÞææÃÄæΑ͊ΑÞΑ
incorrect.
(˽«Ä£Α æ¨æΑ ÄΑ Ã×½ËüÚΑ ÄÄËæΑ «ąÚÄæ«æΑ æöÄΑ ËÄæÚæê½Α ÄΑ ×ÚÃÄÄæΑ Ã×½ËüÞΡΑ æ¨Α
[ê×ÚÃΑËêÚæΑ«ÄΑTöÄΑ(ÄÞΑ;«Ã«æΑϞΑHÚÞΠΑqÞΑõ«æ«ËÄΑ9ÚèګΑ[Ä£¨æÄΑ¨ÞΑÚê½Αæ¨æΑÞê½Α
öËÚºÚÞΑ ÚΑ ½ÞËΑ Äæ«æ½Α æËΑ ÞË«½Α ÞêÚ«æüΑ ÄĈæÞΑ êÄÚΑ æ¨Α Ã×½ËüÞϐΑ TÚËõ«ÄæΑ "êÄÞΑ ÄΑ
A«Þ½½ÄËêÞΑTÚËõ«Þ«ËÄÞΑæΠΑ êæΡΑæ¨ΑÚ«æÚ«ËÄΑË¢ΑëīÃêÃΑË¢Α͉͋ΑÃ×½ËüÞΑ«ÞΑÄÞÞÚüΠΑb¨æΑ«ÞΑö¨æΑ
fT[ΑÃêÞæΑ¨õΑËÄÞ«ÚΠΑ
ËΑËÄΑ[Ë«½Α[êÚ«æüΡΑ͉͉͋͋ΑαΑb¨ΑËΑÚ×½ÞΑÄ«ÄΑ½öÞΑÚ½æΑæËΑÞË«½ΑÞêÚ«æüΠΑb¨ÞΑ«Ä½êΑæ¨Α
Ã×½ËüÞϐΑTÚËõ«ÄæΑ"êÄΑæΡΑ͎͊͒͋ΡΑæ¨ΑAæÚÄ«æüΑ ÄĈæΑæΡΑ͊͒͏͊ΡΑÄΑæ¨ΑfÄËڣīÞΑrËÚºÚÞϐΑ[Ë«½Α
[êÚ«æüΑæΡΑ͉͉͋͑ΑÃËÄ£ΑËæ¨ÚÞΠΑb¨ΑËΑ«ÞΑ××½«½ΑæËΑÄüΑÞ潫ިÃÄæΑλÞê¶æΑæËΑÞ«āΑαΑæ¨Úި˽Α
ÞΑÃüΑΑÄËæ«ĈΑüΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæμΠΑ
[Ë«½ΑÞêÚ«æüΑ¢êÄΑb¨ΑËΑÞææÞΑæ¨æΑæ¨ΑÄæÚ½Α£ËõÚÄÃÄæΑö«½½ΑÞæΑê×ΑÞê¨ΑΑ¢êÄΑ¢ËÚΑêÄËڣīāΑ
öËÚºÚÞΡΑ£«£ΑöËÚºÚÞΑÄΑ×½æ¢ËÚÃΑöËÚºÚÞΠΑ"êÚæ¨ÚΡΑÞææΑ£ËõÚÄÃÄæÞΑö«½½Α½ÞËΑÞæΑê×ΑÄΑëīÞæÚΑ
Þ×ÚæΑÞË«½ΑÞêÚ«æüΑ¢êÄÞΑ¢ËÚΑêÄËڣīāΑöËÚºÚÞΠΑËΑËÄΑr£ÞΡΑ͉͉͋͋ΑΡ[æ«ËÄΑ͏ΑϞΑ͐ΑÚΑÚ½æΑæËΑ
ÄêÃÚΑ Ë¢Α Ú£ê½ÚΑ öËÚº«Ä£Α ¨ËêÚÞΑ ÄΑ rº½üΑ üΑ Ë¢Α ÚÞæΑ ϞΑ ËõÚæ«ÃΑ ×ÚËõ«Þ«ËÄÞΑ ÚÞ×æ«õ½üΠ Hence
statements 1 is not correct and statement 2 is correct.
b¨Α TüÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α r£ÞΑ æΡΑ ͊͒͌͏Α ¨ÞΑ ÄΑ ÃÄΑ üΑ TüÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α r£ÞΑ λÃÄÃÄæμΑ æΡΑ ͉͋͊͐Α
λąæ«õΑ¢ÚËÃΑ ͋͑Π͊͋Π͉͋͊͏μΑæËΑ ĽΑæ¨Α Ã×½ËüÚÞΑæËΑ ×üΑö£ÞΑæËΑ樫ÚΑ Ã×½ËüÞΑ üΑ λμΑ Þ¨Α ËÚΑ λμΑ
¨ÙêΑ ËÚΑ λμΑ Ú«æ«Ä£Α æËΑ 樫ÚΑ ĺΑ ËêÄæΑ b¨Α ÃÄÃÄæΑ «ÄΑ æ¨ΑæΑ ½ÞËΑ ĽÞΑ æ¨Α ××ÚË×Ú«æΑ
#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑæËΑÞ׫¢üΑæ¨Α«ÄêÞæÚ«½ΑËÚΑËæ¨ÚΑÞ潫ިÃÄæΡΑüΑÄËæ«Ĉæ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑHĆ«½Α#āææΡΑö¨«¨Α
Þ¨½½Α×üΑæËΑõÚüΑ×ÚÞËÄΑÃ×½ËüΑ«ÄΑÞê¨Α«ÄêÞæÚ«½ΑËÚΑËæ¨ÚΑÞ潫ިÃÄæΡΑæ¨Αö£ÞΑËĽüΑüΑ¨ÙêΑËÚΑ
üΑÚ«æ«Ä£Α«ÄΑ¨«ÞΑĺΑËêÄæΠ Hence statement 3 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
Αb¨ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑÚΑ¢æê½Α«ÄΑÄæêÚΑÄΑ¨ÄΑæ¨ÚΑ«ÞΑÄËΑÞË×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄΠ
SOURCE : ¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠ×ĈÄ«Π£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«æεËÞέT"ÞέËöĽËÞεT"ÞέT"æ͎͊͒͋Π×¢
164
V͍ΠΑ+ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑö¨«¨ΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑËÃ׫½ÞΑ«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑËÄΑ«ÄêÞæÚ«½Α«Þ×êæÞΡΑ½ËÞêÚÞΡΑÚæÚĨα
ÃÄæÞΑÄΑ½üαËąÞΑ«ÄΑ¢æËÚ«ÞΑÃ×½Ëü«Ä£ΑöËÚºÚÞΧ
(a) Central Statistics Office
(b) Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
(c) Labour Bureau
(d) National Technical Manpower Information System
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
;ËêÚΑ êÚêΑ ¨ÞΑ ÄΑ Ä££Α «ÄΑ ˽½æ«ËÄΡΑ ËÃ׫½æ«ËÄΡΑ ĽüÞ«ÞΑ ÄΑ «ÞÞëÄæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α ½ËêÚΑ
Þææ«Þæ«ÞΑæΑ½½Α+Ä«ΑÄΑ[ææΑ½õ½ΑËÄΑ«ąÚÄæΑ¢æÞΑË¢Α½ËêÚΑÞ«ÄΑ«æÞΑ«Ä×æ«ËÄΑ«ÄΑæ¨ΑüÚΑ͉͊͒͋ΠΑ+æΑ
Ú½ÞÞΑ ÄÄê½Α ×꽫æ«ËÄΑ æ«æ½ΡΑ Ϗ+ÄêÞæÚ«½Α «Þ×êæÞΡΑ ½ËÞêÚÞΡΑ WæÚĨÃÄæÞΑ ÄΑ ;üαHąÞΑ «ÄΑ
«ÄêÞæÚ«ÞΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ϐΠΑ+æΑ×ÚËõ«ÞΑÞææ«Þæ«ÞΑËÄΑöËÚºαÞæË××£ÞΡΑ½ËÞêÚÞΡΑÚæÚĨÃÄæÞΑÄΑ½ËºËêæÞΑö¨«¨Α
«ÞΑêÞ¢ê½Α«ÄΑú«Ä£Α×˽««ÞΑ¢ËÚΑëÄæ«Ä«Ä£ΑËÚ«½ΑÄΑ¨ÚÃËÄ«ËêÞΑÚ½æ«ËÄÞΑæöÄΑæ¨ΑÃÄ£ÃÄæΑ
ÄΑæ¨ΑöËÚºÚÞΠΑb¨«ÞΑÚ×ËÚæΑ«ÞΑ½ÞËΑ«ÃΑæΑÃæ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÃÄΑ¢ËÚΑ¨«ÞæËÚ«½ΑæΑÄΑ«Ä¢ËÚÃæ«ËÄΑËÄΑ
«ÄêÞæÚ«½Α ËÄĉ«æÞΑ ÄΑ 樫ÚΑ êÞÞΑ üΑ ×½ÄÄÚÞΡΑ ×˽«üúÚÞΑ ÄΑ «Þ«ËÄαúÚÞΑ «ÄΑ «ÄêÞæÚüΑ ÄΑ
£ËõÚÄÃÄæΠΑHence option (c) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
B
SOURCE : ¨ææ×Þέέ½ËêÚΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ«æÞέ¢ê½æέĈ½ÞέÄÄê½εW×ËÚæε͉͉͋͋͋͊εÄ£½«Þ¨Π×¢
¨ææ×έέöööΠ½ËêÚêÚêÄöΠ£ËõΠ«ÄέfÞÚËÄæÄæέ+εWα
õ«öε͉͍͋͊Π×¢Χ×Úε«Ͻ"¢W͏ÃÄ͍wfqА͌
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æËÚÞέ͎͎͌͐αöËÚºÚÞαąæαüα½üαËąÞαÚËÞÞα«Ä«αæöÄα¶ÄêÚüαÄα¶êÄα½
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SOCIAL SECURITY
λ͌ΑVêÞæ«ËÄÞμ
V͊ΠΑr¨ËΑÃËÄ£Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÄΑ¶Ë«ÄΑæ¨ΑBæ«ËĽΑTÄÞ«ËÄΑ[üÞæÃΑλBT[μΧ
(a) Resident Indian citizens only
(b) Persons of age from 21 to 55 only
(c) All State Government employees joining the services after the state of notification by the respective State
Governments
(d) All Central Government employees including those of Armed Forces joining the services on or after 1st April, 2004
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
NPS (National Pension System) is a defined contribution based Pension Scheme launched by Government of India.
½«£««½«æü
NPS is applicable to all new employees of Central Government service (except Armed Forces) and Central
Autonomous Bodies joining Government service on or after 1st January 2004.
NPS is applicable to all the employees of State Governments, State Autonomous Bodies joining services after the
date of notification by the respective State Governments.
All citizens of India between the age of 18 and 60 years as on the date of submission of his / her application to Point
of Presence (POP) / Point of Presence-Service Provider (POP-SP) can join NPS. Recently, NRIs were also allowed to
open National Pension Scheme (NPS) accounts online.
Hence option (c) is the correct answer.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
b¨ΑÞ¨ÃΑ«ÞΑËÄΑË¢Αæ¨ΑÃËÞæΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑÞ¨ÃÞΑ«ÄΑTÄÞ«ËÄΑ[æËÚΑÄΑæ¨êÞΑ¨Ë½ÞΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑ
樫ÞΑ×ÚÞ×æ«õΑÞΑö½
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
NA
SOURCE : ¨ææ×Þέέ«Ä«Π£ËõΠ«ÄέÞ×Ë潫£¨æέÄæ«ËĽα×ÄÞ«ËÄαÞüÞæÃαÚæ«ÚÃÄæα×½Äα½½Α
¨ææ×έέöööΠ樨«ÄêΠËÃέêÞ«ÄÞÞέËÄËÃüέBW+ÞαÄαÄËöα××½üαËĽ«ÄαΑ¢ËÚαBα
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¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. The families coming under the category of 'Below Poverty Line (BPL)' only are eligible to receive subsidies food
grains.
2. The eldest woman in a household, of age 18 years or above, shall be the head of the household for the purpose of
issuance of a ration card.
3. Pregnant women and lactating mothers are entitled to a 'take-home ration' of 1600 calories per day during
pregnancy and for six months thereafter.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 3 only
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
Statement 1 is not correct: The Act provides for coverage of upto 75% of the rural population and upto 50% of the
urban population for receiving subsidized foodgrains under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), thus covering
about two-thirds of the population.
Statement 2 is correct: It provides that eldest woman of the household of age 18 years or above is to be the head
of the household for the purpose of issuing of ration cards.
Statement 3 is not correct: The official Act does not mention anything about the calories intake. Besides meal to
pregnant women and lactating mothers during pregnancy and six months after the child birth, such women will also
be entitled to receive maternity benefit of not less than Rs. 6,000.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
One of the most important social security schemes along with MGNREGA.It can be asked any year (in a similar or
different form)
[Ë×Α¢ËÚΑ½«Ã«Äæ«ËÄ
In the first statement, the word ‘only’ can be used as a clue to reach the incorrectness of the same. As in South Asia in
general and India in particular, many people live on a slippery slope (those whore not under the poverty line but can
fall below the same; food security is a challenge for them as well) Hence statement 1 can be eliminated. One will be
left with two options (further logical elimination is not possible, as some amount of factual knowledge is required).
SOURCE : ¨ææ×Þέέõ«ºÞ×«Π«ÄέÄöÞέÞææαÚĺ«Ä£α«Äûα¢ËÚαÄ¢Þα½êÄ¨άЅæûæϽb¨Α
А͉͋Bæ«ËĽА͉͋"ËËА͉͋[êÚ«æüА͉͋æΡêÄÚА͉͋bÚ£æА͉͋Têα
½«А͉͋«ÞæÚ«êæ«ËÄА͉͋[üÞæÃΠ
167
V͌ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑΑ
1. The Self-Help Group (SHG) programme was originally initiated by the State Bank of India by providing microcredit to
the financially deprived.
2. In an SHG, all members of a group take responsibility for a loan that an individual member takes.
3. The Regional Rural Banks and Scheduled Commercial banks support SHGs.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
ANALYSIS:
[(#Α«ÞΑÄΑ«Ã×ËÚæÄæΑæË׫ΑÞ׫½½üΑæΑΑæ«ÃΑö¨ÄΑĈÄÄ«½Α«Ä½êÞ«ËÄΑ«ÞΑ«Ä£Αõ«£ËÚËêÞ½üΑ×ÚËÃËæΑÄΑ
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168
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V͊ΠΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. The Standard Mark of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is mandatory for automotive tyres and tubes.
2. AGMARK is a quality Certification Mark issues by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
+ÄΑ͉͉͋͊ΡΑΑÚæ«Ĉæ«ËÄΑ¢ÚËÃΑæ¨Α êÚêΑË¢Α+Ä«ÄΑ[æÄÚÞΑλ +[μΑ¨ÞΑÄΑÃΑÃÄæËÚüΑ¢ËÚΑ½½Αæü×ÞΑ
Ë¢ΑêæËÃËæ«õΑæüÚÞΑÄΑæêÞΠΑ(ÄΡΑ[ææÃÄæΑ͊Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΠΑ
#AW9Α«ÞΑΑÚæ«Ĉæ«ËÄΑÃÚºΑÃ×½ËüΑËÄΑ£Ú«ê½æêÚ½Α×ÚËêæÞΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑÞÞêÚ«Ä£Αæ¨æΑæ¨üΑËÄ¢ËÚÃΑæËΑ
ΑÞæΑË¢ΑÞæÄÚÞΑ××ÚËõΑüΑæ¨Α«ÚæËÚæΑË¢ΑAÚºæ«Ä£ΑÄΑ+ÄÞ×æ«ËÄΡΑÄΑ£ÄüΑË¢Αæ¨Α#ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ
Ë¢Α+Ä«ΠΑb¨Α#AW9Α«ÞΑ½£½½üΑÄ¢ËÚΑ«ÄΑ+Ä«ΑüΑæ¨Α£Ú«ê½æêÚ½ΑTÚËêΑλ#Ú«Ä£ΑÄΑAÚº«Ä£μΑæΑË¢Α
͊͒͌͐ΑλÄΑÃÄΑ«ÄΑ͊͒͑͏μΠΑ(ÄΡΑÞææÃÄæΑ͋Α«ÞΑÄËæΑËÚÚæΠΑ
170
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέ«Ä«Äû×ÚÞÞΠËÃέÚæ«½έ«Ä«έā«ºαõ«ÚêÞα½½αüËêαÄαæËαºÄËöα͍͏͐͏͎͍͑έΑ
¨ææ×ÞέέöööΠĨ×Π£ËõΠ«Äέ}«ºαõ«ÚêÞε×£Α
¨ææ×έέöööΠö¨ËΠ«ÄæέëÄæÚέ¢æÞ¨æÞέā«ºέÄέ
V͋ΠΑr«æ¨ΑÚ¢ÚÄΑæËΑæ¨ΑϏV꽫æüΑËêÄ«½ΑË¢Α+Ä«ΑλV+μϐΡΑËÄÞ«ÚΑæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞ
1. QCI was set up jointly by the Government of India and the Indian Industry.
2. Chairman of QCI is appointed by the Prime Minister on the recommendations of the industry to the Government.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
V꽫æüΑ ËêÄ«½Α Ë¢Α +Ä«Α λV+μΑ öÞΑ ÞæΑ ê×Α ¶Ë«Äæ½üΑ üΑ æ¨Α #ËõÚÄÃÄæΑ Ë¢Α +Ä«Α ÄΑ æ¨Α +Ä«ÄΑ +ÄêÞæÚüΑ
Ú×ÚÞÄæΑ üΑ æ¨Α æ¨ÚΑ ×ÚëÚΑ «ÄêÞæÚüΑ ÞÞË«æ«ËÄÞΑ «ΠΠΑ ÞÞË«æΑ ¨ÃÚÞΑ Ë¢Α ËÃÃÚΑ ÄΑ
+ÄêÞæÚüΑË¢Α+Ä«Αλ[[H(AμΡΑËÄ¢Úæ«ËÄΑË¢Α+Ä«ÄΑ+ÄêÞæÚüΑλ++μΑÄΑ"Úæ«ËÄΑË¢Α+Ä«ÄΑ¨ÃÚÞΑ
Ë¢ΑËÃÃÚΑÄΑ+ÄêÞæÚüΑλ"++μΡΑæËΑÞ潫ިΑÄΑË×ÚæΑÄæ«ËĽΑÚ«ææ«ËÄΑÞæÚêæêÚΑÄΑ×ÚËÃËæΑ
Ù꽫æüΑæ¨ÚË꣨ΑBæ«ËĽΑV꽫æüΑÃ׫£ÄΠΑ(ÄΡΑÞææÃÄæΑ͊Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΠΑ
¨«ÚÃÄΑ Ë¢Α V+Α «ÞΑ ××Ë«ÄæΑ üΑ æ¨Α TÚ«ÃΑ A«Ä«ÞæÚΑ ËÄΑ ÚËÃÃÄæ«ËÄΑ Ë¢Α æ¨Α «ÄêÞæÚüΑ æËΑ æ¨Α
£ËõÚÄÃÄæΠΑb¨Α×ÚæÃÄæΑË¢Α+ÄêÞæÚ«½ΑT˽«üΑϞΑTÚËÃËæ«ËÄΡΑA«Ä«ÞæÚüΑË¢ΑËÃÃÚΑϞΑ+ÄêÞæÚüΡΑ«ÞΑæ¨Α
Ä˽ΑëīÞæÚüΑ¢ËÚΑV+ΠΑ(ÄΡΑÞææÃÄæΑ͋Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΠ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
SOURCE : ¨ææ×έέöööΠÙ«ÄΠËÚ£έËêæΠר×
171
DIGITIZATION
λ͋ΑVêÞæ«ËÄÞμ
V͊ΠΑr¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÞææÃÄæÞΑ«ÞέÚΑËÚÚæΑÚ£Ú«Ä£Α[ÃÚæΑ+Ä«Α(ºæ¨ËÄΑ͉͋͊͐Χ
1. It is a centrally sponsored scheme for developing every city of our country into Smart Cities in a decade.
2. It is an initiative to identify new digital technology innovations for solving the many problems faced by our country.
3. It is a programme aimed at making all the financial transactions in our country completely digital in a decade.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
[ÃÚæΑ+Ä«Α(ºæ¨ËÄΑ͉͋͊͐ΑöÞΑΑ͌͏Α¨ÚÞΑÄËÄαÞæË×Α«£«æ½Α×ÚËêæΑõ½Ë×ÃÄæΑËÃ×æ«æ«ËÄΑêÚ«Ä£Αö¨«¨Α
æÃÞΑË¢Αæ¨ËêÞÄÞΑË¢Αæ¨Ä˽ˣüΑÞæêÄæÞΑ꫽æΑ«ÄÄËõæ«õΑ«£«æ½ΑÞ˽êæ«ËÄÞΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α×Ú˽ÃÞΑ×ËÞæΑüΑ
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¢ÄÞΡΑ+[WHΡΑA«Ä«ÞæÚüΑË¢ΑbËêÚ«ÞÃΡΑ×æΠΑË¢ΑæËëΑÄÚ£üΡΑæΠΑ(ÄΡΑ[ææÃÄæΑ͊ΑÄΑ͌ΑÚΑ«ÄËÚÚæΠΑ
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Äæ«ËÄΑ ꫽«Ä£ΠΑ "ËÚΑ æ¨Α ĈÚÞæΑ æ«ÃΡΑ £ËõæΠΑ ×ÚæÃÄæÞΑ öÚΑ «Úæ½üΑ Ä££«Ä£Α ö«æ¨Α ÞæêÄæÞΑ ÄΑ
¨½½Ä£«Ä£Α æ¨ÃΑ æËΑ ꫽Α «£«æ½Α Þ˽êæ«ËÄÞΑ æËΑ «Ã×ÚËõΑ 樫ÚΑ Ć«ÄüΡΑ ×½ê£Α ÚõÄêΑ ½º£ÞΑ ÄΑ
ËÚÚê×æ«ËÄΠΑ(ÄΡΑ[ææÃÄæΑ͋Α«ÞΑËÚÚæΠΑ
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
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V͋ΠΑ+ÄΑ+Ä«ΡΑêÄÚΑüÚΑ«ÄÞêÚÄΑ¢ËÚΑ«Ä«õ«ê½ÞΡΑö¨«¨ΑË¢Αæ¨Α¢Ë½½Ëö«Ä£ΑÄĈæÞΑÚΑ£ÄÚ½½üΑ
ËõÚΡΑ«ÄΑ«æ«ËÄΑæËΑ×üÃÄæΑ¢ËÚΑæ¨Α¢êÄÞΑÄΑËæ¨ÚΑÄĈæÞΧ
1. Cost of restoration of the computer system in case of malware disrupting access to one's computer
2. Cost of a new computer if some miscreant wilfully damages it, if proved so
3. Cost of hiring a specialized consultant to minimize the loss in case of cyber extortion.
4. Cost of defence in the Court of Law if any third party files a suit
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ANSWERS B
EXPLANATION
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174
MICROECONOMICS
OPPORTUNITY COST
(1 Questions)
Year 2018
ANSWERS C
EXPLANATION
H××ËÚæêÄ«æüΑËÞæΑ«ÞΑæ¨ΑËÞæΑË¢Α¨ËËÞ«Ä£ΑËÄΑ½æÚÄæ«õΑËõÚΑÄËæ¨ÚΑÄΑëÞÞ«Ä£Αæ¨ΑÄĈæΑËąÚΑüΑ
æ¨Α¢ËÚ£ËÄΑË××ËÚæêÄ«æüΡΑ«ÄõÞæ«Ä£ΑËÚΑËæ¨Úö«ÞΠΑH××ËÚæêÄ«æüΑËÞæΑÚ¢ÚÞΑæËΑΑÄĈæΑæ¨æΑΑ×ÚÞËÄΑËê½Α
¨õΑ Ú«õΡΑ êæΑ £õΑ ê×ΡΑ æËΑ æºΑ ÄËæ¨ÚΑ ËêÚÞΑ Ë¢Α æ«ËÄΠΑ [ææΑ «ąÚÄæ½üΡΑ ÄΑ Ë××ËÚæêÄ«æüΑ ËÞæΑ
represents an alternative given up when a decision is made.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
ANSWERS A
EXPLANATION
Law of Demand- Law of Demand states that other things being equal, there is a negative relation between
demand for a commodity and its price. In other words, when price of the commodity increases, demand for
it falls and when price of the commodity decreases, demand for it rises, other factors remaining the same.
Hence option 4 is correct.
The quantity of a good that the consumer demands can increase or decrease with the rise in income
depending on the nature of the good. For most goods, the quantity that a consumer chooses, increases as
the consumer’s income increases and decreases as the consumer’s income decreases. Such goods are
called Normal Goods. Thus, a consumer’s demand for a normal good moves in the same direction as the
income of the consumer. However, there are some goods the demands for which move in the opposite
direction of the income of the consumer. Such goods are called Inferior Goods. As the income of the
consumer increases, the demand for an inferior good falls, and as the income decreases, the demand for
an inferior good rises. Examples of inferior goods include low quality food items like coarse cereals. Hence
option 3 is not correct.
The quantity of a good that the consumer chooses can increase or decrease with the rise in the price of a
related good depending on whether the two goods are substitutes or complementary to each other. Goods
which are consumed together are called complementary goods. Examples of goods which are complement
to each other include tea and sugar, shoes and socks, pen and ink, etc. Since tea and sugar are used
together, an increase in the price of sugar is likely to decrease the demand for tea and a decrease in the
price of sugar is likely to increase the demand for tea. Similar is the case with other complements. With the
increase in price of complemetn, demand reduces. Hence option 2 is not correct.
176
+ÄΑ ËÄæÚÞæΑ æËΑ ËÃ×½ÃÄæÞΡΑ £ËËÞΑ ½«ºΑ æΑ ÄΑ ËąΑ ÚΑ ÄËæΑ ËÄÞêÃΑ æË£æ¨ÚΠΑ +ÄΑ ¢æΡΑ æ¨üΑ ÚΑ
ÞêÞæ«æêæÞΑ ¢ËÚΑ ¨Α Ëæ¨ÚΠΑ [«ÄΑ æΑ «ÞΑ Α ÞêÞæ«æêæΑ ¢ËÚΑ ËąΡΑ «¢Α æ¨Α ×Ú«Α Ë¢Α ËąΑ «ÄÚÞÞΡΑ æ¨Α
consumers can shift to tea, and hence, the consumption of tea is likely to go up. On the other hand, if the
×Ú«ΑË¢ΑËąΑÚÞÞΡΑæ¨ΑËÄÞêÃ×æ«ËÄΑË¢ΑæΑ«ÞΑ½«º½üΑæËΑ£ËΑËöÄΠΑb¨ΑÃÄΑ¢ËÚΑΑ£ËËΑêÞê½½üΑÃËõÞΑ
in the direction of the price of its substitutes. Hence option 1 is correct.
ANALYSIS:
ANALYSIS:
2 QUESTIONS DROPPED
BY THE UPSC
Q1. With reference to the international trade of India at present, which of the following statements
is/are correct?
1. India's merchandise exports are less than its merchandise imports.
2. India's imports of iron and steel, chemicals, fertilisers and machinery have decreased in recent years.
3. India's exports of services are more than its imports of services.
͍ΠΑ+Ä«ΑÞêąÚÞΑ¢ÚËÃΑÄΑËõÚ½½ΑæÚέêÚÚÄæΑËêÄæΑĈ«æΠ
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
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