RELATION

L-2
DKM Sir (Devesh Mishra)
 RELATIONS

Note : (i)
(ii) If n(A) = p & n(B) = q  number of different relation from
A to B are
Eg. Let set A = {1, 2, 3}. Find the total number of distinct relations that
can be defined over A ?
Domain, range and co-domain of a relation :

Domain

Range

Co-Domain
Eg. Let R be the relation from set of whole number to the set of natural
number (WRN) defined by R = { (x, y) : x + 3y = 12, xW, yN}
Then find relation and also find domain, range & co-domain.
Eg. Let set A = {2, 3, 4, 5} and set B = {2, 3, 4, 6, 7}
Relation R : A  B, then find the relation R and also find domain,
range and co-domain.
(i) If R = {(x, y); y = x + 1}
(ii) If R = {(x, y); x + y > 6}
Inverse Relation :

Note : (i)
(ii)
(iii)
Eg. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {a, b, c} and R = {(1, a), (1, c), (2, a)}. Then find
(i) R-1

(ii) domain & range of R and R-1

 TYPES OF RELATIONS
(i) Void Relation :

(ii) Universal Relation :

Note :

(iii) Identity relation :

Eg. If set A = {1, 2, 3}, then find
IA =
(iv) Reflexive relation :

Note :
(v) Symmetric relation :
(vi) Transitive relation :
(vii) Equivalence relation :
Eg. If set A = {1, 2, 3}, then which of the following is reflexive, symmetric,
transitive relation.
(a) R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
(b) R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2)}
(c) R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 1), (1, 2)}
(d) R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 3), (3, 2), (1, 2)}
(e) R = {(1, 1)}
Eg. Let R be the relation on the set of all lines in a plane defined by
R = {(L1, L2) : L1 || L2}then check R is equivalence relation or not ?
Eg. Let R = {(x, y) : x, y  Z, x – y is divisible by 5}, is symmetric or not ?
Eg. If the relation R is defined as R = {(a, b) : a < b} is transitive or not ?
Eg. Show that realtion R = {(3,3), (6, 6), (7, 7), (3, 6), (6, 3), (3, 7), (7, 3),
(6, 7)} defined in set A = {3, 6, 7} is reflexive but not symmetric and
transitive.
Eg. Let A be the set of all human beings in a city. then relation R in A
defined by R = {(a, b) : a is brother of b} is
(A) Neither reflexive nor symmetric
(B) Transitive
(C) Void relation
(D) Universal relation
Eg. N is the set of natural numbers. The relation R is defined on N×N.
Which of followings is an equivalence relation.
(i) (a, b) R (c, d)  a + d = b + c
(ii) (a, b) R (c, d)  ad = bc
(iii) (a, b) R (c, d)  ad (b + c) = bc (a + d)
Eg. For real numbers x and y we write x Ry iff x – y + 2 is an irrational
number. Then check R is equivalence relation or not ?
Eg. Let R = {(2, 3) (3, 4)} be a relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}.
The minimum number of ordered pairs required to be added in R so that
enlarged relation becomes an equivalence relation is: