ASSIGNMENT 3

DOOR ALARM SECURITY SYSTEM

A door alarm security system is a simple but effective device designed to alert individuals
when a door is opened or tampered with, providing a basic level of security for homes,
offices, or other premises. The system consists of various components, including: Switch:
Placed on the door or door frame, the switch detects whether the door is open or closed. AND
Gate: A logic gate that produces a high output only when both of its inputs are high. Inverter:
Also known as a NOT gate, the inverter produces the opposite output of its input. Resistors:
Used to limit current flow in the circuit and protect components. DC Power Source: Provides
electrical power to the circuit. LED: Light-emitting diode used as an indicator to signal when
the alarm is activated. Circuit Design: The circuit is designed to trigger the alarm (LED)
when the door is opened. It operates as follows: When the door is closed, the switch is in its
default position, causing it to be in a "closed" state. This closes the circuit between the power
source and the AND gate. The AND gate requires both of its inputs to be high (or "1") to
produce a high output. One input comes directly from the switch, indicating whether the door
is closed or open. The other input is fed from an inverter connected to the switch, ensuring
that it produces the opposite signal. Thus, when the door is closed, one input of the AND gate
is high, while the other is low. As a result, the AND gate output remains low, and the LED is
not illuminated, indicating that the door is securely closed. When the door is opened, the
switch changes position, breaking the circuit. This causes the input to the AND gate to go
low, while the input from the inverter goes high. With both inputs to the AND gate now high,
it produces a high output. This activates the LED, indicating that the door has been opened
and triggering the alarm. Alarm Activation: The LED serves as a visual indicator of the alarm
activation, alerting individuals nearby that the door has been opened. Additionally, the system
can be connected to a larger alarm system, such as a sound alarm or a notification system, to
provide a more robust security solution.
 V1
12V

U1A

S1A
Key = A 7400N

U2A
U3A

7404N
7400N LED1

R1 R2
1kΩ

1kΩ

TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

A traffic control system is a complex network of devices, infrastructure, and technologies
designed to manage the flow of vehicles on roads, highways, and intersections. These systems
are crucial for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and smooth operation of transportation
networks.

The system will have two interactive digital sensors, one for each approach to the
intersection.

Each sensor's signal will be inverted using an inverter.

The inverted signals from both sensors will be fed into separate AND gates. The

outputs of the two AND gates will then be combined using an OR gate.

The output of the OR gate will control the indicator, determining whether the traffic light
should be red (stop) or green (go) for the respective approach.

Operation:

• If vehicles are detected at both approaches, both sensor signals will be 1, resulting in a
1 output from both AND gates and a 1 output from the OR gate. This will trigger the
indicator to display a red light for both approaches, signaling both to stop.
 • If vehicles are detected at only one approach, the corresponding sensor signal will be 1,
resulting in a 0 output from the other AND gate. The OR gate will then output a 1,
triggering the indicator to display a green light for the approach with vehicle presence,
allowing it to proceed while the other approach remains red.

• If no vehicles are detected at either approach, both sensor signals will be 0, resulting in
0 outputs from both AND gates and a 0 output from the OR gate. This will trigger the
indicator to display a red light for both approaches, maintaining the stop condition until
vehicles are detected.

RED U4A
0
Key = Space
74LS04D

U2A
X2
YELLOW
0
74LS08D
U5A
Key = Space U3

74LS136N
OR2
GREEN
0 U6A
Key = Space U1A
74LS08D

74LS04D
2.5V
ASSIGNMENT 4

a. Let Switch

A = Switch 1 X = 1 it means the bulb is ON and X = 0 it means the bulb is OFF

B =Switch 2

C = Switch 3

A B C X

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

X = A̅B̅C + A̅BC̅ + AB̅C̅ + ABC

= C(A̅ B̅ + AB) + C̅(A̅B + AB̅)
= C(A Ꚛ B) + C̅(A Ꚛ B)

LET A Ꚛ B = X
= CX̅ + C̅X

=CꚚX

=AꚚ B Ꚛ C
A B C
U2

XOR2

Y
XOR2
b.
A B C F

0 0
1 1
0 1
1 0
0 1
0 0
1 0
1 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 1
0 0
1 1
0 0
0 0

i. SUM OF MINTERMS

We consider the combinations for which F = 1

For this (A = 1 B = 1 C= 1 & A̅ = 0 B̅ = 0 C̅ = 0)

F = A̅B̅C̅+ AB̅C + A̅B̅C

ii. PRODUCT OF MAXTERMS

We consider the combination for which F = 0

For this (A = 0 B = 0 C= 0 & A̅ = 1 B̅ = 1 C̅= 1)

F = (A̅ + B̅ + C̅) (A + B̅ + C̅) (A + B̅ + C) (A̅ + B + C) (A̅ + B̅ + C)

iii. SIMPLIFIED EXPRESSION OF MINTERM IN (i)

F = A̅B̅C̅ + AB̅C + A̅B̅C

= A̅B̅ (C̅ + C) + AB̅C

= A̅B̅ + AB̅C

= B̅ (A̅ + AC)

= B̅ (A̅ + C)

= A̅B̅ + B̅C
 ASSINGMENT 5

a. TRUTH TABLE USING THE ABC COMBINATIONS FROM THE RDM

A B C D X
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 X
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 X
1 1 0 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

K-MAP

X= A̅B̅D̅ + A̅C̅D + ABC

b. TRUTH TABLE USING THE CD COMBINATIONS FROM THE RDM

A B C D X

0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
K-MAP

X = C̅D̅ + ABC̅ + B̅CD

C. TRUTH TABLE USING THE ABC COMBINATIONS FROM THE RDM

A B C D X
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 X
1 0 1 1 X
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 X
1 1 1 1 X
K-MAP

X = A + B̅C + BC̅ + C̅D̅

X = A + B Ꚛ C + C̅D̅
 ASSIGNMENT 6

a. TRUTH TABLE

DEC A B C D X
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1 1
6 0 1 1 0 1
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0 1
9 1 0 0 1 1
10 1 0 1 0
11 1 0 1 1 1
12 1 1 0 0 1
13 1 1 0 1 1
14 1 1 1 0
15 1 1 1 1

BOOLEAN SIMPLIFICATION

For I0, AB is 00 For I1, AB is 01

So from the truth table; So from the truth table;
I0 = C̅D̅+C̅D+CD I1 = C̅D + CD̅
= C̅(D̅+D) +CD =CꚚD
= C̅+CD
= C̅+D

For I2, AB is 10 For I3, AB is 11

So from the truth table; So from the truth table;
I2 = C̅D̅ + C̅D + CD I3 = C̅D̅ + C̅D
= C̅ (D + D̅) + CD = C̅ (D̅ + D)
= C̅ + CD = C̅
= C̅ + D

MULTIPLEXER DESIGN WITH NAND GATE

C D

4:1 X
MUX

A B
b. TRUTH TABLE

DEC A B C D X
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0 1
9 1 0 0 1 1
10 1 0 1 0 1
11 1 0 1 1 1
12 1 1 0 0
13 1 1 0 1
14 1 1 1 0
15 1 1 1 1 1

BOOLEAN SIMPLIFICATION

For I0, BC is 00 For I1, BC is 01

So from the truth table; So from the truth table;
I0 = A̅D̅ +AD̅ +AD I1 = AD̅ + AD

= D̅(A̅+A) + AD = A(D̅ + D)

= D̅ +AD =A

= A + D̅
For I2, BC is 10 For I3, BC is 11
So from the truth table; So from the truth table;
I2 =0 I3 = A̅D +AD
Since there is no minterm that = D(A̅ +A)
corresponds to BC = 10 =D

MULTIPLEXER DESIGN WITH NAND GATE

c. TRUTH TABLE

DEC A B C D X
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0 1
9 1 0 0 1 1
10 1 0 1 0
11 1 0 1 1
12 1 1 0 0 1
13 1 1 0 1 1
14 1 1 1 0 1
15 1 1 1 1 1

BOOLEAN SIMPLIFICATION FROM THE TRUTH TABLE

For I0, AD is 00 For I1, AD is 01

So from the truth table; So from the truth table;
I0 = 0 I1 =B̅C̅
Since there is no minterm that
corresponds to AD = 00
For I2, AD is 10 For I3, AD is 11
So from the truth table; So from the truth table;
I2 =B̅C̅ + BC̅ + BC I3 = B̅C̅ + BC̅ + BC

= C̅(B + B̅) + BC = C̅( B + B̅) +BC

= C̅ + BC = C̅ + BC

= B + C̅ = B + C̅

MULTIPLEXER DESIGN WITH NAND GATE

B C

4:1
MUX X

A D