1

SCHOOL OF LAW

Presentation
ON
'' Nexalite Movemment''

Submitted by
Name- Pooja Milind Pitale
Roll No- 23
Class- F.YLL.M
(2023-2024)

Subject - Law and Social Transformation in

India

1st Semester Seminar

 2

Index

Sr. No Particulars Page No.

1. Introduction 3
2. Naxalism 3

3. Who are Naxalites ? 3-4

4. Maoism 4

5. Red Corridor 4

6. Regions affected by Naxal violence in India 4-5

7. Counter Operations by Center or State Government 5

8. Conclusion 6
 3

“Naxalite Movement”
Introduction
There are three main sources of internal conflicts in India and on of the
sources of internal violence in India comes from incidents brought to effect by “Left Wing
Extremist Groups” movement in many states of India. This has been identified by former
Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh as the single biggest security challenge in India. The left
Wing Extremist Movements are popularly known as Naxalites Movements.

Naxalism -

● An informal name given to radical, often violent revolutionary communists that were
born out sino- soviet split in Indian Communists Movement, also known as Maoists in
India
● The word Naxalite has been derived from “Naxalbari”, a small town in North Bengal
that falls in Northeastern India. This area saw major revolts of tribal people against
the local landlords.
● Initial centre was West Bengal later it spread into Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra
Pradesh.
● In India, the Naxal movement has been the most rebellious act, which has been long
ongoing since 1967. It all started when a group of tribes, labourers, and peasants held
a rebellious movement and raided a landlord’s granaries in a North Bengal village
called Naxalbari.
● Naxalites kept their movement alive under the leadership of Charu Majumdar,
working with Jangal Santhal and Kanu Sanyal. As a result, the people of nearby
villages supported this movement, and even the Chinese started to support the
movement.
● It was named the “Spring Thunder” by the Chinese media.
● The Naxalite movement was vast and started spreading out to other parts of India,
including the North East and Jammu and Kashmir.
● With time, the rebels have enhanced themselves with modern weapons, firepower,
and, most importantly, support from a certain group of India. In time, they also
became capable of building high-end bombs. They also started weapon manufacturing
and production camps in leaps and bounds.
● The most recent attack by these groups was the attack on the Indian security forces
on the 3rd of April, 2021, which took place on the Sukma-Bijapur border.

Who are Naxalites ?

● Common people who want equal social and financial status for all. Who want basic
amenities, infrastructure and opportunities to grow.
 4

● The Naxalites say they are fighting oppression and exploitation to create a classless
society.
● The Naxalites operate in rural and Adivasi areas, often out of the continuous jungles
in these regions.

Maoism

● Maoism is a form of communism developed by Mao Zedong.

● It is a doctrine to capture State power through a combination of an armed insurgency,
mass mobilisation and strategic alliances.
● Mao called this process, the ‘Protracted People’s War’, where the emphasis is on
‘military line’ to capture power.

Red Corridor

● The Red Corridor is the region in the central, eastern and southern parts of India that
experience severe Naxalite–Maoist insurgency.
● The districts affected by this and part of the Corridor are among the poorest in India.
● Most of the region has a high tribal population. The region is also marked by severe
caste and economic disparities.
● Roughly, the Corridor stretches from the Indian border with Nepal and extends to the
northern fringes of Tamil Nadu.
● The region also has a significantly lower literacy rate compared to the national
average.

Regions affected by Naxal violence in India

● According to the Home Ministry, the districts affected by LWE are in the states of
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Maharashtra,
Odisha, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.

The Naxal activities have a huge economic impact on the regions they are prominent in.
Some of the recent destructive activities which have adversely affected the lives of the people
are listed below:

1. 316 attacks were carried out on railways, telecom, transmission lines, mines, and steel
plants between Jan 2006 and June 2009.
2. Human lives lost – it has been estimated that in the last 13 and a half years,
approximately 8000 human lives were lost due to violence perpetrated by Naxalites.
3. Naxals have destroyed hundreds of roads, bridges, culverts, etc.
 5

4. They have destroyed hundreds of mobile towers of BSNL, Airtel, Reliance in

Dantewada, Bijapur, Sukma, Gaya, Aurangabad, Daltoganj, Raigad. All these districts
are spread over the states of Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha.
5. They have looted money from various banks and the amount goes up to the tune of
many millions.
6. Businesses and livelihood of local people are badly affected.
7. School children have been abducted and many schools and hostels have been blown
apart.
8. Huge forest lands have been destroyed for setting up their temporary camps.
9. The ongoing conflict has affected domestic trade, tourism, industries and agriculture.
10. Naxals illegally collect money from Government schemes like Sarva Shiksha
Abhiyan, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
and the Public Distribution System (PDS).

Counter Operations by Center or State Government

1. Grey Hound Police

2. Salwa Judum
3. Operation Green Hunt
4. Surrender Policy

The Red Corridor

India Naxal affected area in 2007 India Naxal affected area in 2013 India Naxal affected

area in 2018
 6

Conclusion

Although the Naxalism movement has risen throughout the years and has turned the lives of
thousands of youth having a tremendous potential upside down, the Government of India is
still trying to mend terms with this militant group by introducing reforms, and new
agricultural policies, generating jobs for the youth, etc. In addition, development activities are
carried out by the government for the poor in these affected areas to halt this movement.