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Thermal Physics II
Thermal Physics II
THERMAL PHYSICS II
a) The Caloric theory proposed that heat energy was a invisible fluid substance.
[1]
b) The Kinetic theory of heat regards heat as a net transfer of average kinetic
energy of molecules. [1]
e) The ‘Energy transfer theory’ is adopted today in favour of the Caloric theory.
f) James Joules’ falling weight experiment was the evidence that was
responsible for us abandoning the Caloric theory.
2. Define Heat.[1]
4. Write both word and the symbolic equation for calculating the Heat capacity of a
substance.[2]
6. Using the equation in item 3. Calculate the Heat capacity for EACH of the
following below:
c) Calculate the heat capacity of a 6.9 kg warming pan of soup if requires 4510J
to raise its temperature from 20ºC to 75ºC.[2]
7. These items require you to transpose the equation for Heat capacity
Worksheet
b) Calculate the amount of heat energy required to heat up 3 kg of ice cold water
at 0ºC to 94Cº by a kettle which heats it all with 220,000 JC-1.[2]
d) If the Heat capacity of a box of cows milk is 351,000J oC– 1 , how much heat
energy would be required to raise its temperature from –10ºC to a
pasteurizing temperature of 150ºC.[2]
8. Define the specific heat capacity of a substance and write its symbol.[2]
9. Write both the word and the symbolic equation for calculating the specific heat
capacity of a substance.[2]
10. Write the units in which specific heat capacity is measured. [1]
11. Calculate the specific heat capacity for EACH of items 10a) to 10d).
a) Find the specific heat capacity of 4kg of cooking oil that used 60,000J of heat.
c) What is the specific heat capacity of 60kg of copper whose temperature is raised
to 111ºC by the application of 2530,800J of heat energy.[2]
d) If it takes 514,080J of heat from an electric kettle heating element to raise the
temperature of 1.8 kg of water from 16K to 84K, what is the specific heat
capacity of water? .[2]
Worksheet
12. The items below show the results that were obtained in an experiment by a
student to determine the specific heat capacity of liquid using the Method of
Mixtures.
SPECIMEN RESULTS
* It is assumed that the metal has the same temperature as liquid in which it
was boiled .
13. The items below show the results that were obtained in an experiment by a
student to determine the specific heat capacity of liquid using the Method of
Mixtures.
SPECIMEN RESULTS
* It is assumed that the metal has the same temperature as liquid in which it
was boiled .
14. The items below show the data collected by a student to determine the specific
heat capacity of liquid using the Electrical method.
SPECIMEN RESULTS
15. The items below show the data collected by a student to determine the specific
heat capacity of liquid using the Electrical method.
SPECIMEN RESULTS
b) Find the temperature change for a liquid at 25ºC that then rises to 106ºC. [1]
Worksheet
c) Evaluate the temperature rise for a gas at –10ºC and then is increase to 95ºC.
[1]
17. With the aid of the formula for heat capacity and that for specific heat capacity,
derive a formula that confirms the relationship between two quantities/properties.
[4]
18. The amount of heat energy needed to warm/heat up any substance/object maybe
found by rearranging the formula specific heat capacity as in the item above.
Write the formula you would get by doing as is suggested above.[2]
19. Another symbol for the ‘amount of heat energy’ needed to warm/heat up any
substance/object is ‘Q’. Use this new symbol to write a formula as in item 14.[1]
23. Draw a clearly labeled diagram of the Inter-conversion of The States of Matter.[6]
24. Define EACH of the processes denoted in the diagram drawn in item directly
above. [12]
.
25. Define Latent heat of Fusion.[1]
27. Define specific latent heat of fusion and write its symbol.[2]
29. Define the specific latent heat of vaporization and write its symbol.[2]
31. State the name for a graph that denotes the change in temperature against time, as
a molten/fused solid re-solidifies as it cools, OR as a gas/vapour condenses to a
liquid as it cools.[1]
32. State the name for a graph that denotes the change in temperature against time, as
a solid is fused completely to a liquid as it is heated, OR as a liquid is boiled
completely to a gas as it is heated. [1]
35. Write both a word and a symbolic equation which relates the Latent heat, specific
latent heat and the mass of a substance.[3]
36. Calculate the Latent heat of fusion of ice popsicle that has a mass of 100g. If the
specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 340,000Jkg-1, assuming the ice is at 0ºC and
no change in the temperature occurred.[2]
37. Evaluate the Latent heat of vaporization if 1.6kg of water in a kettle was boiled
until the kettle was dry. Given that the specific latent heat of vaporization of
water is 2.3×106Jkg-1
38. Determine the Latent heat of fusion of ice of mass 3kg, if the specific latent of
fusion of ice is 3.4 ×105Jkg-1, if it is completely melted.
39. Evaluate the Latent heat of vaporization of 0.12kg of water heated completely to
steam, given that the specific latent heat of vaporization of water is 2.2MJkg-1. [2]
40. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 5kg of ice at –20ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]
41. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 15kg of ice at –9.5ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]
Worksheet
42. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 35kg of ice at –2ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]
43. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 1.5kg of ice at –7ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]
44. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 42kg of ice at –3ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]
45. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 0.9 kg of ice at –10ºC
into steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]
46. An immersion heater was used to heat 0.5 kg of ice from –4ºC until its all
converted to steam at 100ºC. Find the amount of heat energy required to do so.[3]
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4.2 kJkg-1K-1]
[specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2.1 kJkg-1K-1]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.40 kJkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lf = 2600 kJkg-1]
47. When 0.1kg of a metal at 100oC is dropped into 0.15 kg of water at 25oC the final
temperature is 30oC, What is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
48. What mass of cold water at 20oC must be added to 60 kg of hot water at 80oC by
someone who wants to have a bath at 50oC? Neglect heat losses.
49. [specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
50. How much heat is given out when an iron ball of mass 2 kg and specific heat
capacity 440 Jkg–1 K –1 cools 300 K to 200 K.
Worksheet
51. 200 J of heat energy is needed to heat 1 kg of paraffin through 1K. How much
heat energy is needed to heat 0.5 kg to 8K.
52. The items below show the results that were obtained in an experiment by a
student to determine the specific latent heat of fusion liquid using the Method of
Mixtures.
SPECIMEN RESULTS
* since the masses involved are small for convenience one choose using joules
per Kelvin per gram.
53. The items below show the data collected by a student to determine the specific
latent heat of vaporization of a liquid using the Electrical method.
SPECIMEN RESULTS
Electric current I 4A
Voltage across heater V 12V
time current was switch on t 15 min = 900s