Review of Related Literature

Review of Related Literature This literature review covers a wide range of studies about
the grade 11 students of the two strands namely the General Academic Strand (GAS)
and Technical-Vocational -Livelihood Strand’s academic performance in the General
Mathematics subject. This contained insights and a comparative background of the
study from various reliable authors and sources through theories, concepts, principles,
and research findings that have a direct connection to the variables of the study.

Academic Performance

Academic performance is a critical aspect of a student's educational journey, influencing

their future opportunities and success as well as a critical stage in a student's
educational journey, serving as a bridge between the foundational knowledge of
previous years and the specialized study that follows.

The Philippines has undertaken a number of education reforms that have transformed
its 10-year-old Basic Education into the K to 12 curriculum and made it compulsory for
all children it is a an effort by the government to catch up to the global standards,
relevant information in the literature will prove that the the student performance will
provide information’s to measure the success of the implementation of the educational
program (almerino et al.,2020)

study habits play a significant role in students' life. The success or failure of each
student depends on their study habits, it requires many amount of effort and practice
and it depends on student the ability, intelligence, and action of the students. Thus,
many effective study habits can help a student to improve( Tus et al .,2020) also in their
literature they told that good study habits like doing homework, actively participating in
class, managing time, staying focused, and working hard showed an important positive
connection on the student academic performance

Study habits tell a person how much he will learn, how far he wants to go, and how
much he wants to earn. These all could be decided with one's study habits throughout
life (Rabia et al.,2017). Furthermore According to Kaur and Pathania (2017), age, family
income, and education were variables that had a major effect on college students' study
habits , their study revealed that a significant association between academic success
and study patterns. It indicates that age, family wealth, and schooling influence how
students grow their learning behaviors and are linked to their academic achievement.
General Mathematics

Students’ performance in mathematics is consistently given attention in different

countries because it is regarded as the main subject, which is significant for the growth
and development of the nation. The knowledge and skills of filipinos in mathematics are
essential in their daily lives in overcoming the difficulties that one may face in terms of
business and engineering and importantly to everyday life (capuno et al.,2019)

In the senior high school, General Mathematics is one of the core subjects to be taken
by all strands. It aims to provide students with an understanding of how to solve
problems involving rational, exponential and logarithmic functions; to solve business-
related problems, and to apply logic to real-life situations( mamulo et al.,2019)

According to (anigbo, 2016) Competency in mathematics learning is vital to any

individual in scientific discoveries, technological breakthroughs, problem-solving, and
decision making in different situations in life Despite its importance, it is considered as
the most difficult to learners among all subjects offered in school.

In the 2016- 2017 data, the country ranked 79th of 138 participating countries in the
quality of mathematics education according to the Global Competitiveness Report of the
World Economic Forum however, in standardized national examinations, results
revealed that students perform lower than the expected level .The Philippines is one of
those countries, which has concerns in mathematics achievement specifically in high
school (capuno et al.,2019).

The poor performance in mathematics in the country based on the recently concluded
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 result can be attributed
to students’ lack of interest and negative perception towards learning mathematics
(Schleicher,2018)

On the other hand many culture of the different countries around the world, it is a
widespread stereotype that Mathematics is linked among adult males, with the
perception that “Math is for males,” which resulted to the underrepresentation of women
in the field of science, engineering and mathematics (Cvencek et al., 2015)

Consequently, most researchers had reported that boys have more positive self-
concept than girls in Mathematics (Kamoru & Ramon, 2017). It was also observed that
boys outperform girls in standardized test in Math, but girls perform better when specific
tests are given to measure their knowledge and understanding on the topics discussed
(Ganley et al., 2013)
GOOGLE SCHOLAR SOURCES: APA citation

Almerino, P. M., Ocampo, L. A., Abellana, D. P. M., Almerino, J. G. F., Mamites, I. O., Pinili, L. C., ... &
Peteros, E. D. (2020). Evaluating the academic performance of K-12 students in the philippines: A
standardized evaluation approach. Education Research International, 2020, 1-8.

Tus, J., Lubo, R., Rayo, F., & Cruz, M. A. (2020). THE LEARNERS'STUDY HABITS AND ITS RELATION
ON THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. International Journal Of All Research Writings, 2(6), 1-19.

Mamolo, L. (2019). Analysis of senior high school students' competency in general

mathematics. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(9), 1938-1944.

Capuno, R., Necesario, R., Etcuban, J. O., Espina, R., Padillo, G., & Manguilimotan, R. (2019). Attitudes,
Study Habits, and Academic Performance of Junior High School Students in Mathematics. International
Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(3), 547-561.

Mamolo, L. A., & Sugano, S. G. C. (2020). Self-perceived and actual competencies of senior high school
students in General Mathematics. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1779505.

Peteros, E., Gamboa, A., Etcuban, J. O., Dinauanao, A., Sitoy, R., & Arcadio, R. (2019). Factors affecting
mathematics performance of junior high school students. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics
Education, 15(1), em0556.