INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

According to the World Food Organization, 5.3 million tons of mungbean are

grown globally each year, with Asian countries accounting for approximately 90% of the

harvested crop; it is considered an important food and cash legume crop in the region.

Mungbean is a drought-resistant crop with superior characteristics such as a short time to

maturity and low input and minimal care requirements (Domingo 2023).

One of the less expensive sources of protein in the Filipino diet is the mungbean,

a small, green legume that is grown for food and is frequently used in place of meat and

vegetables. It also has a lot of magnesium, potassium, fiber, and B vitamins. Also,

mungbeans are recognized for their high fiber content, which assists digestion and

promotes gut health. Furthermore, studies have shown that eating mungbean on a daily

basis can help lower cholesterol levels and lower the risk of heart disease. In addition to

its guaranteed nutrients, mungbean is a crop that improves soil fertility by fixing nitrogen

and producing green manure. It is also a crop that can withstand drought or adapt to

climate change. Because of these factors, the DOST-PCAARRD Industry Strategic

Program highlights the economic significance of mungbean as a priority commodity.

Mungbean is considered it as a “wonder crop” and one of the five foods that could save

the world.

Mungbean farming has the potential to generate a 132.66% ROI per hectare

(Yanos and Leal, 2020). Mungbean production provides additional source of income to

local households as many laborers are needed. With the current buying price of Php 20.00

per kilo of rice from the previous Php 23.00 per kilo, with a farm gate price of rice that
 2

went down by Php 3.00 which is severely detrimental to their source of income.

Mungbean is a short maturing crop which plays an important role in crop diversification

as a cash crop, intercrop and as a rotation crop of rice and corn.

San Mateo, Isabela – is known as the region's top-most major rice-producing town

increased its recently prized-mungbean project to augment its rice stockpiles, which have

been on the decline, fearing a lack of the Filipino's primary staple crop until 2010. This

mungbean project was designed to prevent declining rice and corn production and restore

soil fertility in time for the rice planting season again, which is now known as the

"munggo granary." It is also known as the “Munggo Capital of the Philippines”. There

are at least 7,000 hectares of rice farms rotated with mungbean in San Mateo, making

Isabela the top mungbean-producing province with 6,260.04 metric tons harvested in

2018 from an area of 12,326.4 hectares, according to records of the Philippine Statistics

Authority. During summertime many rice farms in Isabela are idle while waiting for the

irrigation water to be available, the cultivators in this town are busy harvesting their

mungbean form their own land. The farmers has an alternative livelihood where they also

process and turn the mungbean into several products like canton noodles, coffee, chips,

polvoron, native cakes, breads, and more products with a mungbean as the main raw

ingredients.

In this context, mungbean can be valuable source of extra revenue for farmers in

San Mateo, Isabela. Given that it is resistant to the dry season, farmers in the municipality

frequently plant it after the first farming season in the area. This research will

demonstrate the prospective potential of this crop through a cost-return analysis. It also
 3

identifies the difficulties in producing mungbean that farmers face and offers suggestions

for how to overcome these issues.

Statement of the Problem

This study aim to determine the potential benefits of organically-produced

mungbean farming and validate the economic impact of mungbean farming among the

farmers in Barangay Victoria, San Mateo, Isabela.

Specifically, it aimed to answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of mungbean farmers in Barangay Victoria, San

Mateo, Isabela?

2. What are the management practices of mungbean farming?

3. What are the benefits derived from mungbean as a source or additional income?

4. What are the problems encountered in mungbean farming?

Objectives of the Study

General Objective. This study is to analyze the benefits of mungbean and

validate the economic impact of mungbean farming among farmers in Barangay Victoria,

San Mateo, Isabela.

Specific Objectives. This study aims to:

1. Determine the demographic profile of the mungbean farmers in Barangay

Victoria, San Mateo, Isabela;

2. Determine the management practices of mungbean farming;

3. Determine the benefits derived from mungbean as an additional income; and

4. Identify problems encountered in mungbean farming.

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Significance of the Study

This study deemed some important contributions to:

Local farmers. The study would enable the local farmers to understand the

benefits of using mungbean farming and how important it is to have another source of

income in farming. This study will also help them in preventing what they may encounter

in their field/s and to gain knowledge on how to maintain their mungbean farming and to

encourage farmers in other parts of the Philippines to consider mungbean planting as a

respectable means to make additional income.

Cooperatives and Farmers Organization. The study will be beneficial to the

cooperatives and farmers organization in terms of mungbean farming and how to manage

their farm to produce more production from mungbean as additional income.

Local Government Unit. The study will assist the local government unit in

learning about the mindsets of each farmer in San Mateo, Isabela toward how they

generate additional money by growing and selling mungbean in addition to rice. By

conducting specific programs or seminars about mungbean, the local government unit

could additionally come up with further ideas with the help of this study.

Future Researchers. The findings of this study will apply to future researchers

as additional sources of information and to be aware of the benefits of mungbean farming

that they may use in their research. It can be a reference for more studies in the future.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This thesis focused on the main objective, which was the benefits of mungbean

and validate the economic impact of mungbean farming among farmers in Barangay
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Victoria, San Mateo, Isabela. This study will be conducted per purok in Barangay

Victoria, San Mateo, Isabela. Barangay Victoria has 6 purok, this barangay is the highest

rice-mungbean farming population according to the data of Department of Agriculture in

San Mateo, Isabela. This study will be conducted during the Second semester 2023-2024.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework that was used in the study is the Input, Process and

Output model. The framework will show the input, process and output in benefits of

mungbean farming as additional source of income of rice-farmers in barangay Victoria,

San Mateo, Isabela. The input are the demographic profile as to sex, age, highest

educational attainment, household size, years in mungbean production and training

attended; farm profile as to variety, land area, and source of seeds; management and

marketing practices such as planting, fertilization, irrigation, harvesting and post

harvesting; and problems encountered in mungbean farming. The The process are cost

and return and return of expense. The Output is the benefits of mungbean as additional

income of rice-farmers in barangay Victoria, San Mateo, Isabela (Figure1).

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
 Sex
 Age COST AND RETURN BENEFITS OF MUNGBEAN AS
 Highest educational RETURN OF EXPENSE ADDITIONAL INCOME OF RICE-
attainment FARMERS IN BARANGAY
 Household size VICTORIA, SAN MATEO,
 Years in mungbean farming ISABELA
 Training attended
FARM PROFILE
 Variety
 Land area
 Source of seeds
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
 Planting
 Fertilization
 Irrigation
 Harvesting
 Post-harvest
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
 Unpredictable conditions
 Prevalence of pests and
diseases
 No maintenance
 Low yielding varieties
 Uncertain market with little
demand
 High costs of inputs

Figure 1. Conceptual paradigm of the study

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Operational Definition of Terms

To facilitate the understanding of this study, different terms are defined herein.

Age. The age of the respondents during the time of the study.

Farming. In this study, this term refers to an activity that goes on a farm, and

usually entails managing a biological process.

Fertilization. It refers to the fertilizers used by the respondents in planting

mungbean.

Highest Educational Attainment. The highest year completed in school by the

respondents.

Household Size. Refers to the number of a family that includes all people living

in the respondent’s house.

Irrigation. The amount of water that is physically available in the area of the

respondents.

Labor requirement. It refers to the laborer that does the work.

Land Area. It refers to the total amount of land area used in planting mungbean.

Market outlet. Refers to the sale channel where mungbean being sold such as

public market, through online, referral, direct buyers, stores and consumer.

Marketing Strategies. Strategies of the respondents in marketing mungbean such

as mobile buyer, middleman buyer, advertising, ambulant vendor and direct buyer.

Pest and disease. Problems encountered by the respondents in mungbean, such us

bruchids, whitefly, stemfly, aphids, yellow mosaic, anthracnose, powdery mildew, and

cercospora leafspot.
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Planting. The dormant time of the year where the respondents start planting

mungbean and when it ends.

Post harvest. It refers to the activity including cleaning, sorting and packing of

mungbean after a harvest.

Problems encountered. The problems encountered in mungbean indicated are

unpredictable condition, prevalence of pests and diseases, no maintenance, low yielding

varieties, uncertain market with little demand and high cost of inputs.

Profitability. It is the difference between the price of mungbean produced and the

price of the resources utilized to generate. Profitability, then, is what’s left over after all

of the bills have been paid for the mungbean farming.

Sex. Reference to farmers either of the two main category (male and female).

Source of seeds. Refers from where the seeds came from whether from the

government subsidy, private sectors and from their own.

Training attended. It is when a farmer participated in a training session to

improve skills and gain knowledge related to mungbean.

Variety. It is different kinds of mungbean such as Taiwan green, Australian

green, pag asa 7 BPI, pag asa 9 BPI and kusapo (kulabo).

Years in mungbean farming. It shows the years in planting of mungbean.***

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Component of Organic Farming

Organic fertilizers, also known as manures, are essential for maintaining healthy

soil. They improve soil quality without jeopardizing ecosystem health. Composting can

be done with a variety of biological sources, such as plant or animal waste. Organic

manure boosts biological activity in the soil, increasing the availability of inorganic

nutrients and humus for good crop output. The National Organic Program (NOP) has

established guidelines for the proper application of organic manure in conventional

farming practices. Organic manure is often classified as bulky or concentrated

(Santhoshkumar et al., 2017; Migliorini and Wezel, 2017).

Organic farming is a cost-effective and sustainable practice with enormous

promise for halting environmental degradation and enhancing socioeconomic status. Due

to rising consumer awareness and concerns about nutrition, food safety, and health issues,

organic food is quickly gaining appeal around the globe. It produces food that is safe,

wholesome, and nutritious with little to no contamination, lowers the chance that a crop

will fail, offers a high net return, depends less on outside or purchased agricultural inputs,

lowers the financial risk, and ensures improved farmer livelihood. Organic farming is

also economically feasible because it lowers input costs, which results in farmers

receiving a greater premium price for their produce. In contrast to organic growers,

conventional producers enjoy higher economies of scale. However, promoting and

supporting the higher cost of organic goods while ensuring market accessibility would

persuade farmers to choose organic farming. Furthermore, by ensuring economical and

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environmentally friendly output, the numerous cutting-edge organic farming techniques

will help promote organic farming among poor farmers even more. To produce more land

for organic farming in order to produce profitable, healthy, and sustainable agricultural

products, it would be helpful to practice the indigenous method of organic farming,

provide better organic market facilities, and support funding, training, education, and

awareness programs.

Philippine Mungbean Farming

Mungbean production in the Philippines is gaining popularity due to its nutritional

value, economic benefits, and soil amelioration. However, the industry faces challenges

such as poor establishment, traditional variety use, poor cropping practices, and diseases

like Cercospora leaf spot and rust. In 2016, the average yield was only 0.69t/ha, with a

total production of 34,069 metric tons covering 42,980 hectares. The continuous

importation of mungbean from China, Myanmar, and Australia reflects insufficient

supply in the local market. Mungbean is susceptible to various plant pathogens, leading

to significant economic losses globally. Fungi are a major group of pathogens affecting

all parts of the plant, causing pod yield loss. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is the most

devastating disease, causing up to 58% yield loss. The disease, caused by Cercospora

cruenta and C. canescens, causes premature defoliation, malformed leaves, and delayed

maturity, resulting in poor pod formation. Mungbean rust is initially seen as rusty colored

pustules. Improving the crop management system of mungbean is crucial for enhancing

production and increasing farmers' income. This system improves soil and water quality,

conserves resources and maintains long-term soil productivity, reducing soil erosion and
 11

organic matter dynamics. Moreover, improving crop management practices can increase

farmers' profits.

Mungbean can be used for various purposes due to the development of short-term

and uniform maturing varieties cropping systems, as well as a cash crop between major

cropping seasons. It can help to improve soil nutrients, reduce chemical use in the

rotation as a result of improved pest control, and reduce nitrogen fertilizer use in a

rotation If the new varieties increase the annual amount of mungbeans planted, then the

new varieties can be credited with such additional benefits (Pataczek et al., 2018).

Mungbean Varieties

Mungbean varieties certified by the NSIC used in the study were Pagasa 7, Pagasa

19 and Kulabo, which are often used by farmers and sold in the market. According to the

NSIC List Bureau Registered Mungbean Varieties The Pagasa 7 mungbean is a product

of the Plant Industry (BPI). The Institute created a number of Plant Breeding (IPB)

develops after 66 days emergence (DAE), yielding 1.68 t/ha of seed. It possesses

beautiful green seeds that can be sprouted manufacture, as well as starch for noodle

production. On Pagasa 19 mungbean, on the other hand, which was IPB produced a

glossy green seed with a 57 to 69 DAE maturity period and a seed yield of 1.21-1.27

t/ha. Kulabo, a variety developed by BPI, has a dull green seed color with 80 days

maturity and seed yield of 1.09-1.17 t/ha. The seeding rate per variety was 25 kg/ha.

Management Practices
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Mungbean is a dry season crop and can be grown best in rotation with rice or

corn, it needs plenty of sunlight. In the Philippines according in the Department of

Agriculture, mungbean can be grown best in during wet season (May- June); dry season

(September- October); and late dry season (February- March). It is fairly well adapted to

sandy loam soils and dry condition. Heavily soils are suitable only for dry season

planting because mungbean is sensitive to water-logging, just like other crops, mungbean

production can be affected by several constraints such as erratic weather, insect pest and

diseases, poor management practices, and the use of inferior or low yielding varieties or

cultivars.

The production of mungbean can be raised by making improvements to the

quantity of plants per planting hole and the effectiveness of fertilizer. An alternative to

maintaining soil fertility and sustainability and economically is integrated nutrient

management, which increases soil fertility and productivity by applying both organic and

inorganic fertilizer together (Batubara, 2022). Sustaining soil fertility plays a significant

role in comation of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer ( Ali et al., 2009) and the use

of these combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers enhances soil health and its

microbial biomass has a higher positive effect in mungbean ( Elkholy et al., 2010).

Mungbean can fix nitrogen (N) about 64 to 87% equal to 43 to 85 N/hectare, which can

be used by the next crop. Because of this, it enhances the soil quality and decreases the

rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the soil especially when grown in rotation with

cereals, resulting to increased cereal grain and straw yields due to its residual. The overall

improvement in growth and yield part of a particular crop is due to the total combined

effect of management practices employed. Because mungbean fixes atmospheric

 13

nitrogen, planting rice or maize after mungbean boosts grain productivity. Nitrogen into

the soil, allowing it to be absorbed by roots for its plant growth and development.

Furthermore, varied cropping systems lessen the risk of damage caused by biotic and

abiotic causes. Meanwhile, the usage of a traditional mungbean variety that is long-

lasting (70-80 days), low-yielding with non-synchronous maturation, and susceptible to

insect-pest and disease is also a factor in poor production (Chadha, 2010).

Moreover, Department of Agriculture state that mungbean can withstand droughts

rather well. But it requires a substantial quantity of water during its vital phases of

development and growth (germination, vegetative, phases of blooming and pod-filling).

Depending on the rate of evaporation and the intensity of solar radiation, mungbean

requires different amounts of water each day. The crop needs 3.5 millimetres of water

every day, or roughly 410 millimetres during a cropping season, on average.

Supplemental irrigation is not required during the early dry season planting (September-

October) if there is enough soil moisture and leftover rain. Conversely, irrigation is

necessary for late dry season planting, which occurs from January to March, during

several crucial developmental stages. The field can be irrigated using furrow irrigation or

overhead sprinklers.

According to Greene (2024), the mungbean market is expected to grow in the near

future. Mungbean have been gaining a lot of popularity as a sustainable and nutrient-

dense ingredient in plant-based food items, which have been high demand in recent years.

The market is anticipated to increase significantly during the estimated period, with a

predicted CAGR of %. The favourable market prognosis for mungbean is attributed to a

number of factors. First off, mungbean are in high demand as a high-protein substitute for
 14

animal products due to growing knowledge of the health advantages of eating a plant-

based diet. The popularity of meat alternatives and the growing interest in vegetarian

diets have also increased demand for mungbean. According to Buyagawan (2021), in

storing mungbean, they use nylon or jute sacks, cans (cover air-tight) and empty cement

sacks and stored inside the house or storehouse.

Mungbean Marketing Activities

According to experts from the Department Agriculture-Cagayan Valley Research

Centre (DA-CVRC), mungbean have a high market viability and are now ready for large-

scale production. A Focused Group Discussion (FGD) was held around DA-CVRC's

Mungbean Product Lines to gather qualitative data for technology improvement. Various

age groups, including generation X, baby boomers, millennials, and generation Z,

engaged and provided product insights. The product was then market researched in

Santiago City, Isabela, utilizing the new product idea analysis survey to assess its

performance and elicit consumer perceptions. According to the FGD results, labels and

package materials serves an imperative part in enticing customers (Mendez, 2023).

Furthermore, the participants emphasized the inclusion of nutritional statistics and

portion advice in the packaging, so supporting the growing trend of healthy food

consumption among Filipinos.

This mungbean project was designed to arrest declining rice and corn production

and to restore the fertility of the soil in time for the rice planting season. Lastly, women

organizations from this region profited from the production by processing it into various

food delicacies like butchi, moriecos, munggo bread, guinataang munggo and lumpiang

gulay and other by products such as munggo coffee, munggo polvoron, munggo
 15

empanada, pancit balatong, mungbeans (balatong), munggo flour, munggo chips, munggo

sprout and munggo win.

Problems Encountered in Mungbean

The challenges of mungbean farming are plant diseases, pest, insects, and

uncertain markets with little market demand and low prices. The most significant disease

affecting the production of mungbean is mungbean yellow mosaic disease, which can be

effectively controlled by treating seeds with chemical insecticides and fungicides,

respectively. Whiteflies are one such pest and are a carrier for this disease. With the

exception of the Philippines (25%, largely in Ilocos), and according to expert estimates,

all other nations, the usage of seed treatment with pesticides is generally modest

(Sequeros et al., 2021). Among the major issues with mungbean cultivation are improper

fertilizer use, a lack of improved varieties, and application techniques. Nutrient

management has a significant impact on mungbean output (Mota et al., 2021). The foliar

and root rot diseases of mungbean in fields have been reported to be reduced by the use

of various cultural practices and physical means to eradicate seed-borne pathogens.

Mungbean Cercospora foliar blight was lessened by field cleaning, crop rotation, and the

removal of weed hosts and crop trash near the crop ( as reviewed in Sharma et. al., 2001).

A virus previously known as mungbean mottle virus (MMV) has been

demonstrated to cause a vernal chlorotic reaction in inoculated primary mungbean leaves.

This was followed by the emergence of random chlorotic patches in the developing

trifoliate leaves. The chlorotic reaction resulted from veins spreading outward to

interveinal zones, giving the leaf a mottled look. The chlorotic reaction worsened as the

viral infection proceeded. This is reportedly the first full description of the virus in the
 16

Philippines. Blackgram and soybean were shown to be susceptible to systemic invasion

by the mottle virus. Only Chenopodium quinoa developed systemic chlorotic patches as a

result of viral infection. The severity of the host reaction to MMV infection appeared to

be proportional to the age at which the mungbean got infected. Seven-day-old mungbean

plants were severely stunted and did not bear seeds. Plants infected 14 days after seeding

were less severely damaged, but their growth rate remained much lower than that of

uninfected mungbean plants. This information is useful for screening germplasm samples

for sources of resistance to mungbean mottle virus. (Talens and Dolores-Talens, 2009).

METHODOLOGY
 17

This chapter discusses the method and procedure that will be utilized by the

researcher in conducting the study. It discusses the research design, sample and sampling

procedure, locale of the study, research instrument, data gathering procedures, and

statistical treatment data to answer the study's inquiry.

Research Design

This study will employ a descriptive research design to analyze the benefits of

mungbean farming as additional source of income of rice-farmers in barangay Victoria,

San Mateo, Isabela. Descriptive research design aims to give thorough and accurate

picture of the population under the study as well as an explanation of the correlation that

exist within the data (Sirisilla, 2023).

Locale of the study

San Mateo Isabela is one of the municipalities of Isabela that is composed of 33

barangays, four (4) of which make up the población, or urban area, while the rest of the

29 are devoted to agricultural activities. As of year 2020, the total populations of San

Mateo, Isabela is recorded to be 66,663 comprised of 16,743 households (PSA, 2020).

The study will be conducted from 1 Barangay that has 6 purok namely; Barangay

Victoria. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 4,848. This represented

7.27% of the total population of San Mateo, Isabela.

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Figure 2. Map of San Mateo, Isabela. showing Brgy. Victoria as the study site.

Sample and Sampling Procedure

The researchers choose a sample of mungbean farmers to participate in the study.

The researchers will use purposive sampling method. Purposive sampling method

involves choosing the sample with a specific purpose when selecting the sample and the

researchers chooses the sample based on the traits and qualities that the researcher is

interested in studying.

There is one selected barangay to be chosen in San Mateo, Isabela for the

respondents of the study, this barangay is the highest rice-mungbean farming population

according to the data of Department of Agriculture in San Mateo, Isabela with the total of

419 rice-mungbean farming population. The researchers will choose a sample of 150
 19

mungbean farmers to participate in the study. There are 6 purok in barangay Victoria,

each purok will select 25 mungbean farmers in a total of 150 respondents.

Table 1. Distribution of respondents

Purok Number of Respondents
1 25
2 25
3 25
4 25
5 25
6 25
Total 150

Research Instrument

This study will use questionnaires and was developed based on the study’s

objectives. It has six parts; I.) Demographic profile as to sex, age, highest educational

attainment, household size, years in mungbean farming and the Training/s they attended;

II.) Farm profile as to variety, land area and source of seeds; III.) Management practices

as to planting, fertilization, irrigation, harvesting and post-harvest; IV.) Problems

encountered will be identified that consist of unpredictable condition, prevalence of pests

and diseases, no maintenance, low yielding varieties, uncertain market with little demand,

and high costs of inputs; V.) Cost and return analysis of mungbean labor cost, material

inputs, price and yield; and VI.) Benefits of mungbean farming as to yield quality and

income quantity.

Data Gathering Procedure

There will be a written letter of request to conduct the study. The data will be

collected through questionnaire validated by the thesis panel before being distributed and

will be complemented with actual observation and documentation. The researcher will
 20

conduct the research in Barangay Victoria, San Mateo, Isabela and explains to the

respondents the importance of the response to the study. In order for the respondents to

fully understand their responsibilities as the study’s subject and complete the

questionnaire, the researcher will explain a few terms to them. Following the

respondents’ responses to questionnaire, the researcher will gather, tally, and compute the

data for interpretation based on how frequently the participants checked the questions.

Based on the data the researcher will come up with conclusion and recommendation of

this study.

Statistical Treatment Data

Statistical treatment of data is essential to use in the right form to analyse and

understand the results of data presented in a particular study. The researchers will choose

the statistical tool below as it was seen fit to use.

a. Mean. It will be used to identify the evaluation of the respondents based on

their personal profile.

b. Frequency Distribution. Frequency distribution is an arrangement of the data

which shows the frequency of different values of variables

c. Percentage. It will be used to discover the distribution of percentage and

frequency counts of personal profile of the respondents. The demographic profile of the

respondents will be determined using the formula of the percentage.

Formula:

F
%= ×100
N

Where: %- percentage
 21

F- Frequency
N- total number of respondents
100- constant value

d. Range. It will be used in identifying the respondents’ perceptions.

Table 2. Numerical value and qualitative description of the management practices in

mungbean production.
Numerical Value Qualitative Description
4 Always
3 Often
2 Sometimes
1 Never
Source:
In measuring the data of management practices in mungbean production, the

following scales with its qualitative measurement will be used.

Table 3.Numerical value and qualitative description of the problems encountered in

mungbean farming.
Numerical Value Qualitative Description
4 Very serious
3 Serious
2 Slightly serious
1 Not serious

In measuring the data of problems encountered in mungbean farming, the

following scales with its qualitative measurement where used.

Table 4. A five point likert scale of the benefits of mungbean in farming.

Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

1 2 3 4 5
Source: Bounthavong, M (2019)

In measuring the data of rice-mungbean farmers in Barangay Victoria, San Mateo,

Isabela, the following scales with its qualitative measurement will be used.

LITERATURE CITED
 22

Ali, M., Islam, M., & Jahiruddin, M. (2009). Effect of integrated use of organic
manures with chemical fertilizers in the rice-rice cropping system and its impact on
Soil Health. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(1), 81–90.
https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5757

Batubara, S. F. (2022). Growth and Yield Resons of Mungbean to different level of

Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer. Arotech Journal, Vol. 7 No. 1, 2548 – 5148.
https://doi.org/10.31327/atj.v7i1.1771

Bounthavong, M. (2019). Communicating data effectively with data visualization- Part

15 (Divergina stacked bar chart for likert scales).
https://www.mbounthavong.com/blog

Buyagawan, A. (2021). Packaging Technology. Retrieved from

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/quirino-state-university/contemporary/
packaging-technology-ksjshsjsks/31669724.

Castro, A. G., & Delos Reyes, M. R. (2017). Effects of climate change in farming
practices: The case of selected barangays in San Mateo, Isabela. Journal of
Advanced Agricultural Technologies, 4(2), 134–139.
https://doi.org/10.18178/joaat.4.2.134-139

Chadha, M. L. (2010). Short Duration Mungbean: A New Success in South Asia. Asia-
Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions. 2022,
https://www.apaari.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2010/10/Mungbean.pdf

Domingo, A. (2023). Mung bean production as a source of livelihood among farmers in a

municipality in the Philippines: Challenges and opportunities. Asian Journal of
Agriculture and Rural Development, 13(2), 130–137.
https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i2.4779

Elkholy, M.M., Samira, E., Mahrous and El- Tohamy, S.A. (2010). Integrated Effect
of Mineral, Compost and Biofertilizer on Soil Fertility and Tested Crops
Productivity. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5. 453-465.

Gatan, M. G., & Gatan, M. (2019). Improved integrated crop management system of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata Linn) production in Central Luzon. Recoletos
Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 7(2), 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1907.02.01

Greene, S. (2024). Mungbean Market: The Key to Successful Business Strategy Forecast
Till 2031. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@shirleygreene26/mung-bean-
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 23

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 25

Appendix A
Letter to the MAO
 26

Appendix B
Letter to the Respondents
 27

Appendix C
Survey Questionnaire

I. Demographic Profile
Sex: ( )Male ( ) Female
Age: ____
Household size: _______

1. Highest educational attainment

( ) No Formal Schooling
( ) Elementary
( ) High school
( ) College
( ) Vocational
( ) Post- graduate
2. Number of years cultivation mungbean
( ) 0 to 3 years
( ) 4 to 6 years
( ) 7 to 10 years
( ) 11 years and above
3. Land ownership
( ) Own land
( ) Tenanted
4. Farm area devoted to mungbean production
( ) Less than 2,500 square meters
( ) 2,501 square meters to 5,000 square meters
( ) 5,001 square meters to 10,000 square meters
( ) 10,001 square meters and above
5. Trainings attended relating to mungbean production
a.___________________________________________
b.___________________________________________
c.___________________________________________
d.___________________________________________
e.___________________________________________
II. Management and Marketing Practices

1. Source of Seeds
( ) Government Subsidy
( ) Last Season harvest
( ) Brought from private supplier
( ) Others, please specify: _____________
2. Variety of Mungbean
( ) Taiwan green
( ) Australian green
 28

( ) Pag asa 7 BPI

( ) Pag asa 9 BPI
( ) Kusapo (Kulabo)
3. Planting Season or Cropping Season
( ) May- June
( ) September- October
( ) February- March
( ) Others, please specify: ____________
4. Fertilization Requirements
( ) Organic Fertilizer
( ) Inorganic Fertilizer
5. Water Availability
( ) Rain Water
( ) Irrigations
6. Labor requirements
Hired Labor Family Members
Land Preparation
Planting Mungbean
Vegetation maintenance
Harvesting Mungbean
Threshing Mungbean

7. Pest and Disease of mungbean

Pest
( ) Bruchids
( ) Whitefly
( ) Stemfly
( ) Aphids
( ) Others, please specify: _________________________
Diseases
( ) Yellow mosaic
( ) Anthracnose
( ) Powdery mildew
( ) Cercospora leaf spot
( ) Others, please specify: _________________________
8. Where did you sell your mungbean?
( ) Public Market
( ) Through online
( ) Referral
( ) Direct buyers
( ) Stores
( ) Consumer
( ) Others, please specify: _________________________
 29

9. Marketing Strategies
( ) Mobile Buyer
( ) Middleman Buyer
( ) Advertising
( ) Ambulant Vendor
( ) Direct Buyer

III. Problems Encountered in Mungbean

Indicate the following problems encountered in planting a mungbean. 4-Very Serious, 3-
Serious, 2-Slightly Serious and 1- Not Serious
4 3 2 1
1. Unpredictable conditions
2. Prevalence of pests and diseases
3. No maintenance
4. Low yielding varieties
5. Uncertain market with little demand
6. High cost of inputs

IV. Cost and return analysis of mungbean in your area

( ) 1 cropping per year ( ) 2 cropping per year

Details Amount/rate
Sales
- Yield per cropping
- Price
Expenses
Material/s





Labor


