pH 𝜑_𝐻𝐴 𝜑_(𝐴^− ) pKa

0 0.999000999001 0.000999000999 3
1 0.990099009901 0.009900990099 1.200000000000
2 0.909090909091 0.090909090909
3 0.500000000000 0.500000000000 1.000000000000
4 0.090909090909 0.909090909091
0.800000000000
5 0.009900990099 0.990099009901
6 0.000999000999 0.999000999001
0.600000000000
7 0.000099990001 0.999900009999
8 0.000009999900 0.999990000100 0.400000000000
9 0.000000999999 0.999999000001
10 0.000000100000 0.999999900000 0.200000000000
11 0.000000010000 0.999999990000
12 0.000000001000 0.999999999000 0.000000000000
0
13 0.000000000100 0.999999999900
14 0.000000000010 0.999999999990
 pH vs 𝜑
1.200000000000

1.000000000000

0.800000000000

0.600000000000

0.400000000000

0.200000000000

0.000000000000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
pH 𝜑_(𝐻_2 𝐴) 𝜑_█(𝐻𝐴^−@) 𝜑_(𝐴^(2−) ) Ct
0 0.9990 0.0010 0.0000 6315883019
1 0.9901 0.0099 0.0000 63726692.792
2 0.9091 0.0909 0.0000 694054.07893
3 0.5000 0.5000 0.0001 12620.14689
4 0.0908 0.9078 0.0014 695.05307893
5 0.0097 0.9748 0.0154 64.726691792
6 0.0009 0.8624 0.1367 7.3158830182
7 0.0000 0.3868 0.6131 1.6310204402
8 0.0000 0.0594 0.9406 1.0630963654
9 0.0000 0.0063 0.9937 1.0063095798
10 0.0000 0.0006 0.9994 1.0006309574
11 0.0000 0.0001 0.9999 1.0000630957
12 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000063096
13 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.000000631
14 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000000631
 β1 β2
6309573.445 6309573445

pKa1 pka2
3 6.8

1.0000

0.9000

0.8000

0.7000

0.6000

0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
12 14 16
pH 𝜑_(𝐻_3 𝐴) 𝜑_(𝐻_2 𝐴^− )𝜑_(𝐻𝐴^(2−)𝜑_(𝐴^(3−)
) ) Ct
0 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.9973E+23
1 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 2.0152E+20
2 0.91 0.09 0.00 0.00 2.1948E+17
3 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 3.9908E+14
4 0.09 0.91 0.00 0.00 2.198E+12
5 0.01 0.97 0.02 0.00 2.0468E+10
6 0.00 0.86 0.14 0.00 231348535
7 0.00 0.39 0.61 0.00 5157740.5
8 0.00 0.06 0.94 0.00 336181.589
9 0.00 0.01 0.99 0.00 31823.303
10 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 3165.27292
11 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 317.247719
12 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.03 32.6229761
13 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.24 4.16227966
14 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.76 1.31622779
 pKa1 pka2 pka3 β1 β2 β3
3 6.8 13.5 3.162278E+13 1.995262E+20 1.9953E+23

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Column C Column D Column E Column F

14 16