Image Processing Based Detection and Classification of

Various Foliar Maladies In Cotton leaf

Deepti Mahale, Kirthi Mathad, Vani Tadakod
B.E Student(Electronics and Communication Engg.)
KLS Vishwanathrao Deshpande Institute of Technology
Haliyal,Karnataka
email: deeptikmahale28@gmail.com

Dr. Mahendra M.Dixit

Head of Department(Electronics and Communication Engg.)
KLS Vishwanathrao Deshpande Institute of Technology
Haliyal,Karnataka
email: mmdixit@yahoo.co.in

Abstract—Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood
for about 58% of India’s population. Almost 70% people
depend on it & shares major part of the GDP. The major
part of agricultural commodity is the harvest, quality and
quantity of the crop. Cotton is one of the most important
fiber and cash crop of India and plays a dominant role in the
industrial and agricultural economy of the country. The
major constraint in production of cotton crop is that it is
highly prone to pests and diseases. Therefore to overcome
this problem we have found a solution to control the quality
and quantity of growth of cotton crop. We are providing
smart solution to automatically detect and classify cotton
plant leaf diseases. In this we are using image processing
techniques to classify diseases & quickly detect the type of
disease. This approach will enhance productivity of crops. It
includes several steps viz. image acquisition, image pre-
processing, segmentation, features extraction and
classification.
Keywords-ImageProcessing, Feature extraction, Segmentation,
Support Vector Machine.
the plant instead to the soil also. There are two important
aspects of plant disease detection methods that is to achieve
speed and accuracy. There is need for developing technique
such as automatic plant disease detection and classification
using leaf image processing techniques. This will prove
useful technique for farmers and will alert them at the right
time before spreading of the disease over large area. The
ideology behind comprises five stages and they are: in the
first stage we create a color transformation structure for the
RGB leaf image and then, we apply color space
transformation for the color transformation structure. Then
image is segmented using the K-means clustering technique.
In the second phase, unnecessary part (green area) within
leaf area is removed. In stage calculate the texture features
for the segmented infected object. In the fourth stage the
extracted features are passed through a pre-trained neural
network plants. Finally we classify and detect the type of
disease in the cotton plant.

II. ORIGIN OF RESEARCH

I. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture has played a philanthropic role in the A. Image Analysis techniques:
development mankind. Cotton is a heavily traded Image analysis is really helpful to protect the plant from
agricultural commodity .Over 150 countries involved in disease attached.
Exports / Imports. Cotton provides direct employment to 60  Detect diseased leaf part.
Lakh Farmers of the Country. Cotton is used in Clothing,  Segregate affected area by disease.
Seed Oil, in Food, Cosmetics, Coffee Filters Its seeds are  Find the boundaries of the affected area.
crushed to make Oil, Rubber and Plastics. If there is  Determine the shape and size of the affected area.
decrease in agro products, total economy will get affected.  Identify the Object correctly.
Disease detection plays a major role in crop cultivation
because the diseases in crops are inevitable. The traditional B. Types of cotton leaf diseases:
method adopted by farmer was to observe the plant through  Alternaria leaf spot
there naked eye and followed by chemical testing was the  Cercospora leaf spot
way of detection and classification of agricultural plant  Fusarium wilt
diseases.A nd this process becomes tedious as the farm land  Grey mildew
is larger. If farmers are unaware of non-native diseases.  Bacterial Blight
Consultation of experts for this might be time consuming &  Grey mildew
costly. Also the abrupt use of pesticide is not only damaging
 III. METHODOLOGY
The proposed methodology for leaf diseases detection
and classification using image processing consists of
following steps:
A. Image Acquisition:
In this step the plant is selected which is affected by disease
and then collect the leaf of plant and take a snapshot of leaf
and load the leaf into system. The RGB color images of
cotton leaf are captured using high resolution digital camera.
Images are stored in jpg format. The HSI color space is very
important and attractive color model for image processing
applications because it represents colors similarly how the
human eye senses colors. The HSI color model represents
every color with three components: hue(H), saturation(S),
intensity(I).
cos−1(((𝑅−𝐺)−(𝑅−𝐵))
H=
2√(𝑅−𝐺)2 +(𝑅−𝐵)(3𝐺−𝐵)
S=1-3min(R G B)/I
I=(R+G+B)/3
B. Image Pre-processing:
The pre-processing task involves some procedures to
prepare the images enhancement. The collected database
image is then processed through the computer system for
preprocessing captured images stored in RGB format are
then cropped and resized to some standard size.
 Noise Removal: Here smooth pixel intensity values
are reduced to see the impact of variation on
binarization. Image smoothening is done using the
smoothening filter.
 Background isolation and subtraction: here the
isolation and removing of background of an image is
done before binarizing.Image clipping is done to get
the only interested image region.
 Binary Morphology: In a binary image, it
emphasized for a particular patterns or shapes . this
enhances the contraction of image
C. Segmentation of Plant Image:
In segmentation the bright background is separated from
a dark text. Separating an image into distinct parts is called
Segmenting an image. Segmentation is the process of
partitioning an image into parts or regions. This division
into parts is often based on the characteristics of the pixels
in the image.
Segmentation can also be used to:
 Identify individual objects in the image.
 Determine connected pixel regions with similar
properties.
 Determine the boundaries between regions.
 Remove unwanted areas.
Segmentation can be carried out by various techniques:
 Thersholding technique: Thersholding creates
binary image from grey scale level image by
setting all pixels below some threshold to zero
and all pixels above that threshold to one.
 Edge detection method: Edge detection is an
image processing technique for finding the
boundaries of objects within images.
 K-clustering method: It is used for classification
of objects based on a set of features into K-
number of classes. The classification of object is
done by minimizing the sum of square of
distance between the object and corresponding
clusters.
 ANN method: Based on the simulation of
learning process for decision making the ANN
works. It used to model the non-linear problems.
 CNN method: A convolution neural network is
used to detect and classify objects in an image.
It is a feed-forward neural network that is
generally used to analyze visual images by
processing data with grid-like topology.
D. Feature Extraction
The technique that represents the most informative part
of an image by dimensionality reduction is called feature
extraction. There are three important types of features, such
as color, shape, and texture. It plays an important role for
identification of an object. After performing the image
segmentation the disease portion from the image is
extracted. In many application of image processing feature
extraction is used.
 Color based Feature Extraction: Color is an important
sign in recognizing different classes. The pixel in a
color image is commonly represented in the RGB
space. The red, green, and blue Value from a color
image capturing device.
 Shape based Feature Extraction: Sharpness, Eigen
values, Area, Perimeter and Aspect-ratio are
computed as shape based features to detect the
diseases. Area of an object is defined as the
number of pixels comprising the object. So area
can be enumerated by counting the object pixels.
E. Classification and detection of leaf disease
After segmentation, processing and feature extraction we go
for learning and storing of database image using neural
networking. This stage is called the decision stage of image
processing the efficiency of system is highly dependent on
the type of classifier we use. Classification is dependent of
features extraction input. A large set of database are used to
train data and this is done with the help of Support Vector
Machine (SVM).Here we have used genetic algorithm using
SVM to build our classifier. The principle used in SVM is
Structural Risk Minimization(SRM). Support Vector
Machines are based on the concept of decision planes
that define decision boundaries. A decision plane is one
that separates between a set of objects having different
class memberships. The SVM is based on statistical learning
theory.

IV. RESULTS
 Image is captured through the camera.
 Image is loaded and then Image acquisition takes
place.
 Then the enhancement of contraction is done on the
image.
 Then we need to choose one image from the
cluster.
 Segmentation of image helps us to segregate the
dark and bright part in clustered image.
 Later the features are extracted and the values are
viewed.
 Finally the classification and identification of type
of disease is detected.

V. CONCLUSION
The accuracy and speed of detection and classification of
plant disease is important aspect for successful cultivation of
crop can be done using image processing. This attempt to
automatic disease recognition process using Advance color
image processing has helped farmers expand their economic
stability.

References

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