Quick Recap 2.

1 (f)

1. Characteristics Reason
(a) (i) 81 kg Low density of diving suit material. To ensure the mass of the diving suit is lighter.
(ii) 794.61 N High ability to stretch. To enable the diver to move easily.
(b) (i) 13243.5 Pa Thick thickness of diving suit material. To keep the diver’s body warm.
(ii) 5297.4 Pa Tight fitting of diving suit. To reduce the water resistance acting on the diver.
(c) 500000 Pa Diving suit Q. Diving suit Q has low density of diving suit
(d) (i) Pressure of air in tyres is reduced to increase the surface area of tyres in contact with material, high ability to stretch, thick thickness of
the sand reduces the pressure acting on the sand. Therefore, the car will not sink into diving suit material and tight fitting.
the sand easily.
(ii) Pressure of air in tyres is reduced so that the tyres will be softer when going through
the rocky road. Softer tyres will absorb more impact and reduce the chances of tyres
puncturing.
Quick Recap 2.2 & 2.3
(iii) Reducing pressure in the air tyres is to provide room for increment in pressure when
1.
the temperature of the tyres heat up after travelling a long distance so that the tyres (a) 109401.12 Pa
doesn’t burst easily.
(b) 76 cmHg
(c) 82 cmHg
2.
(d) There will be no effect on the height of mercury column AB because the diameter of the tube
(a) 5886 Pa
is not a factor that will affect height of mercury column.
(b) 0.929 m. Increase the height of the water tank by 0.929 m to increase the pressure.
2.
3.
(a) 750 kgm-3
(a) 6.67 m
(b) 1222.22 kgm-3
(b) 6 cm
(c) The height difference between the container and the basin creates a difference in air pressure
4. acting on the liquid. The atmospheric pressure will push the liquid in the container into siphon
(a) Depth of the liquid and density of liquid. tube and flows to the basin.
(b) Distance x will reduce. 3.
(c) Water pressure at P is lower than water pressure at Q. (a) *Mark X at the surface of the liquid*
(d) The greater the water pressure, the further the distance of water spurting from the tank. (b) 101396.16 Pa
(e) 49050 Pa (c) 96 cmHg
(d) (i) 40 cmHg
(ii) 53366.4 Pa
Quick Recap 2.4 (d) (i) 35000 Pa

1. (ii) 420 N
(a) 4 x 108 Pa (iii) 0.6 cm
(b) 320 N 3.
(c) 0.9375 cm (a) (i) Pressure is meant by force acting per unit area.
(d) The efficiency of the hydraulic system will decrease because partial of the pressure will be (ii) *Water spurts out from hole Y must be further than hole X*
used to compress the air bubbles. (iii) The distance of liquid spurting out at hole X will increase when water is replaced by
(e) Oil because oil is not compressible and has low viscosity. salt solution because salt solution has higher density and it will increase the liquid
(f) Increase the cross-sectional area of the large piston. pressure acting at hole X. Hence, the liquid will spurt out to further distance.
2. (b) (i) 52816.9 Pa
(a) Pascal’s principle states that the pressure exert in an enclosed system is transmitted equally (ii) 59.68 N
in all direction throughout the liquid. (c)
(b) When the lever is pulled downwards, the hydraulic liquid will be forced through valve Q to Characteristic Reason
the compartment under the load platform with bigger surface area to lift the heavier load. Smaller cross-section area of master piston. To create larger pressure in hydraulic system.
When the liver is lifted upwards, the backflow of hydraulic liquid will be stopped by valve Q Bigger cross-section area of slave piston. To create larger output force and able to lift
and hydraulic liquid from the reservoir will be flowing through valve P into the compartment heavier load of sand.
below lever. The lever is pulled down and upwards repeatedly to continuously lift the load up. Steel material for fluid transmission pipe. Alloys have a better corrosion resistance.
The release valve will be released to lower the down the load by allowing the hydraulic liquid Higher boiling point of hydraulic fluid. To ensure the hydraulic fluid does not boil
to flow back into reservoir tank. easily when working under hot temperature.
(c) Hydraulic system Q. Hydraulic system Q has small cross-section of
Characteristics Reason master piston, big cross-section of slave
Evaporation of liquid should be harder. To ensure the hydraulic liquid inside the piston, steel material used for fluid
hydraulic jack does not vaporise easily. transmission pipe and high boiling point of
Compressibility of the liquid should be To ensure the liquid cannot be compress and hydraulic fluid.
smaller. pressure can be transmit equally and efficiently
through the hydraulic system.
Smaller surface area of the input piston. To increase the pressure created.
Larger surface area of the output piston. To increase the force produced at the output Quick Recap 2.5
piston and support heavier load.
1.
Hydraulic jack S. Hydraulic jack S has hydraulic liquid that is hard (a) When the diver walks out the sea, the volume of his body submerged in the sea water reduces
to evaporate, very small compressibility of the causing the buoyant force acting on his body to reduce. Hence, the diver feel heavier as he
hydraulic liquid, small surface area of input walks out from the sea.
piston and larger surface area of the output (b) (i) 5.05 N
piston. (ii) 4.68 x 10-4 m3
 (iii) 4.68 x 10-4 m3 3.
(iv) 10684.16 kgm-3 (a) (i) The buoyant force created by the water is equal to the weight of the oil drum.
(v) 45.26 N (ii) 1471.5 N
2. (b) (i) The number of air tank cylinders carried by the submarine should be more to ensure
(a) 2.43 x 106 N sufficient supply of oxygen for crew cabin to stay under sea for longer period.
(b) The buoyant force of seawater acting on submarine is equal to the weight of submarine. (ii) The maximum water pressure that submarine can withstand should be higher to
(c) Archimedes’ principle enable the submarine to withstand high liquid pressure caused by deep depth of sea
(d) 82568.81 kg without breaking.

(e) (i) (iii) Shape of submarine should aerodynamic shape to reduce the water resistance acting
on submarine when cruising and enable the submarine to move faster.

Quick Recap 2.6

1.
(a) The position of the paper in diagram 5.2 is higher than in diagram 5.1.
(b) The pressure below the paper in diagram 5.2 is higher than in diagram 5.1.
(c)

Weight
Buoyant Force

(ii) 32.373 N
(iii) Reduce the smallest scale on the measurement on hydrometer to increase the
sensitivity of the hydrometer.
(iv) Add high density lead shots in the hydrometer to lower the center of gravity and F
increase the stability of the hydrometer so that the hydrometer can float upright and
stable in liquid.
(d) The velocity air flow above the paper is higher than the velocity of air flow below the paper
causing air pressure below the paper is higher than the air pressure above the paper. The
difference in air pressure above and below paper creates a force at the bottom of paper
pushing the paper upwards.
(e) Bunsen burner
(f) 2.
(a) As the steady flow of air flows through the aerofoil, the longer distance of aerofoil’s top region
causes the velocity of air at top region of aerofoil will be faster than the velocity of air below
the aerofoil. The pressure of air below the aerofoil will be higher than the air pressure above
the aerofoil. The difference in air pressure creates an upward force causing the cellotape to
rise.
(b) (i) Bernoulli’s principle.
(ii) As the high velocity of gas flows through the jet from gas tube, the high velocity of gas
flow creates a low pressure region to allow the air from atmosphere to be forced into
the Bunsen burner. The air regulator can control the size of air inlet to allow more
intake of air. More intake of air leads to more oxygen and the combustion will be more
complete with blue flames.
(c) When the strong wind flow across the roof of a house, the high velocity of air above the roof

(g) 12007.44 N creates a low pressure region above the roof. The slow velocity of air below the roof will have
a higher air pressure compare to the air pressure above the roof. The difference in pressure
(h)
creates an upward force from the bottom of roof and causing the roof to be lifted by the
Characteristic Reason
strong wind.
Material of the board should be Fiberglass has low density and lower mass
3.
fiberglass. enable the sailboat to gain higher acceleration.
(a) Aerofoil shape.
Size of the sail should be bigger. To enable more wind to blow on the sail to
(b) As the airplane moves forward with a velocity, the air starts to flow through the wings of
create more forward force and sail faster.
airplane steadily. The velocity of air at the upper region of the wing will be faster than the
Material of the sail should be polyester. Polyester is polymers, it is able to withstand
velocity of air at the lower region. According to Bernoulli’s principle, in a steady flow of fluid,
strong wind and does not tear easily.
the pressure of air decreases when velocity of air increases and vice versa. Therefore, the
Material of the mast should be Alumium is metal, it is strong and does not
pressure at the upper region of the wing will have a lower air pressure than the air pressure
aluminium. break easily.
at the lower region. The difference in air pressure will create an upward lift force under the
Sailboat J. Sailboat J has fibreglass material of the board,
wing lifting the airplane up.
big size of the sail, polyester material of the sail
and aluminium as the material of the mast.
(c)
Characteristic Reason
The shape of cross section of the wing To produce upward lift force to lift the airplane
should be aerofoil shaped. up.
The area of wing should be larger. To increase the lift force by allowing pressure
to act on a larger surface area of the wing.
The density of material of the wing should To ensure the wing is light weighted and
be lower. enable the airplane to take off easily.
The difference in speed of air above and To create greater difference in air pressure
below the wing should be greater. between upper and lower region of the wing
and produce a greater upward lift force under
the wing.
Wing Y should be chosen. Wing Y has aerofoil shaped cross section of
wing, large area of wing, low density material
of wing and it has a large difference in speed of
air above and below the wing.

(d) (i) 25000 N

(ii) 16171 N