Euclidean Goemetry 12

f
EUCLIDEAN
GEOMETRY
GRADE 12
PAST EXAM PAPERS
EMAILBY
ADDRESS: melulekishabalala@gmail.com
MR M. SHABALALA CELLPHONE NUMBER: 0733318802 Page 1
@NOMBUSO
GR 12 TWO NEW PROOFS TO BE KNOWN FOR EXAM
PROOF - PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM 7 Marks
1. A line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two sides
Proportionally reason (line || one side of Δ or prop theorem; name || lines)
GIVEN : Any ΔABC with DE // BC, D on AB ( or its extension ) and E

on AC (or its extension).
t
R.T.P : Prove that
tt ㌠
CONSTRUCTION : Draw altitude h to base AD and altitude k to base

AE. Join DC and BE 
th t t t
PROOF: th tt tt
(same height h) S 
tt
th t
th ㌠ t ㌠
(same height k) S/R
㌠
But th tt th ㌠ t (Same base between DE//BC) S 

th t th t
th tt th ㌠ t
S
t
㌠
(7)
tt
Similarly
t t ㌠
ಸཪ
tt ㌠ tt ㌠
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 2

PROOF - SIMILARITY THEOREM 7 Marks
2. If two triangles are equiangular(AAA), then the corresponding sides are in
Proportion. Reason (||| Δs OR equiangular Δs)
Given : ΔABC and ΔPQR with A P , B Q and C R

t ㌠ t㌠
Prove :
Construction: X and Y on AB, AC respectively such that AX = PQ

and AY = PR. Join XY.  all 3 sides
Proof : In ΔAXY and ΔPQR
AX = PQ construction
AY PR construction
A P given
th (SAS) Reason
AXY R ( congruent) S
AXY R ( t given) S
XY BC ( corresponding ) Reason
AB AC
AX AY
(Prop Int theorem XY || BC) S/R
t ㌠
AX = PQ and AY = PR S (7)
Similarly it can be proved that ΔABC ||| ΔPQR

t ㌠ t㌠

QUESTION 1
1 complete the following statement
1.1 The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equals to…
……………………………………………………………. (1)
1.2 Line from the centre of circle perpendicular to the
chord … …………………………………………………………………..
(1)
1.3 Line from the centre of circle to the midpoint of the
chord … ………………………………………………………………. ..
(1)
1.4 The angle in semi-circle is ……………………….. ……. .. (1)
1.5 The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral
are ………………………………………………………………….. (1)
1.6 The angle between the tangent and a chord
is ………………………………………………………………… . (1)
1.7 The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of the circle
is… ……………………………………………………………………
(1)
[7]

PROOF 3 (LINE FROM THE CENTRE)
O is the centre of the circle and AB is a chord. OB AC. Prove the

theorem which states that AB = BC
(99( (5)
GIVEN
R.T.P
CONSTRUCTION
PROOF:

PROOF 4(ANGLE AT THE CENTRE)
In the figure Below o is the centre of the circle and A,B and C are three
points on the circumference of the circle. Use the figure and prove the
theorem that states that. t ㌠ (5)
GIVEN
R.T.P
CONSTRUCTION
PROOF:

PROOF 5(CYCLIC QUAD PROOF)
In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle. Use the diagram to prove the
theorem which states that: If PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral then h (5)
GIVEN: _______________________________
R.T.P :_______________________________
CONSRUCTION: _______________________
PROOF:
PROOF 6( TANGENT PROOF)

In the diagram below the circle with centre O passes through points B, A,
and C. AE is a tangent to the circle at A. BC, AB and AC are joined.
Prove that t㌠= ㌠ (6)
GIVEN: _______________________________
R.T.P :_______________________________
CONSRUCTION: _______________________
PROOF:

QUESTION 1 (NOVEMBER 2010)
In the diagram below AC is a diameter of the circle with centre O. AC and chord BD intersect
at E. AB, BC and AD are also chords of the circle. OD is joined. AE BD.
If ㌠ , calculate, with reasons, the size of :
1.1 (3)
1.2 t (2)
1.3 Show that AE bisects t t (3)
[8]

2.1 In the diagram below O is the centre of the circle. GH is a tangent to the circle at T.
J and K are points on the circumference of the circle. TJ, TK and JK are joined.
Prove that theorem that states (5)

2.2 ED is a diameter of the circle, with centre O. ED is extended to C. CA is a tangent to
the circle at B. AO intersects BE at F. BD || AO. ‴.
2.2.1 Write down, with reasons, THREE other angles equal to ‴. (4)
2.2.2 Determine, with reasons, ㌠t in terms of ‴. (3)

2.2.3 Prove that F is the midpoint of BE. (4)
2.2.4 Prove that ΔCBD ||| ΔCEB. (2)
2.2.4 Prove that 2EF.CB = CE.BD. (3)
[21]
3.1 In the diagram below A, B, C and D are points on the circumference of the circle.
BD and AC intersect at E. Also,
EB = 8 cm, DC = 8 cm and AE : EC = 4 : 7.
If DE = ‴ units and AB = units, calculate ‴ and y. [6]

In the diagram below M is the centre of the circle. FEC is a tangent to the circle at E. D is the
midpoint of AB.
4.1 Prove MDCE is a cyclic quadrilateral. (3)
4.2 Prove that ㌠ t t㌠ tt (3)

4.3 Calculate CE if AB = 60 mm, ME = 40 mm and BC = 20 mm. (4)
[10]

QUESTION 5 (FEB/MARCH 2010)
5.1 Complete the statement:
The sum of the angles around a point is ... (1)
5.2 In the figure below, O is the centre of the circle. K, L, M and N are points on the
circumference of the circle such that LM = MN. .
Determine, with reasons, the values of the following:
5.2.1 (3)
5.2.2 (3)
[7]

6.1 Complete the following statement:
The angle between the tangent and the chord … (1)
6.2 In the diagram below, two circles have a common tangent TAB. PT is a tangent to
the smaller circle. PAQ, QRT and NAR are straight lines. Let ‴
6.2.1 Name, with reasons, THREE other angles equal to ‴. (5)

6.2.2 Prove that APTR is a cyclic quadrilateral. (5)
[11]

Two circles touch each other at point A. The smaller circle passes through O, the centre of the
larger circle. Point E is on the circumference of the smaller circle. A, D, B and C are points on
the circumference of the larger circle.
OE || CA.
7.1 Prove, with reasons, that AE = BE. (2)
7.2 Prove that ΔAED ||| ΔCEB. (3)
7.3 Hence, or otherwise, show that AE DE CE. (3)
7.4 If AE EB EF EC, show that E is the midpoint of DF. (3)
[10]

ΔABC is a right-angled triangle with t ᳸ . D is a point on AC such that BD AC and E is a
point on AB such that DE AB. E and D are joined.
AD : DC = 3 : 2.
AD = 15 cm.
8.1 Prove that ΔBDA ||| ΔCDB. (3)
8.2 Calculate BD (Leave your answer in surd form) (3)
8.3 Calculate AE (Leave your answer in surd form). (6)
[12]

9.1 In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle. PQ is a tangent to the circle at A.
B and C are points on the circumference of the circle. AB, AC and BC are joined.
Prove the theorem that states CAP ABC
(5)
9.2 RS is a diameter of the circle with centre O. Chord ST is produced to W. Chord SP
produced meets the tangent RW at V. R 5
Calculate the size of:
9.2.1 WRS (1)
9.2.2 W (2)
9.2.3 (3)
9.2.4 Prove that V PTS (4)

[15]
AB is a diameter of the circle ABCD. OD is drawn parallel to BC and meets AC in E.
If the radius is 10 cm and AC = 16 cm, calculate the length of ED. [5]

CD is a tangent to circle ABDEF at D. Chord AB is produced to C. Chord BE cuts chord
AD in H and chord FD in G. AC || FD and FE = AB. Let t ‴ and t .
11.1 Determine THREE other angles that are each equal to ‴. (6)
11.2 Prove that ΔBHD ||| ΔFED. (5)
11.3 Hence, or otherwise, prove that AB.BD = FD.BH. (2)
[13]
ABCD is a parallelogram with diagonals intersecting at F. FE is drawn parallel to CD.
AC is produced to P such that PC = 2AC and AD is produced to Q such that DQ = 2AD.
12.1 Show that E is the midpoint of AD. (2)

12.2 Prove PQ || FE. (3)
12.3 If PQ is 60 cm, calculate the length of FE. (5)
[10]

O is the centre of the circle. AB produced and DO produced meet at C.
BC = OA and ACO
Calculate, with reasons, AOD. [5]

14.1 In the figure below O is the centre of the circle and PRST is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Prove the theorem that states
Prove the theorem that states PRS PTS h
(5)
14.2 In the diagram below two circles intersect one another at D and B. AB is a straight
line such that it intersects the circle BCD at point E. BC is a straight line such that it
intersects the circle ABD at F. DE, DB and DF are joined. th h. FC FD
14.2.1 Calculate, with reasons, in terms of ‴:
(a) DEB (3)
(b) (2)
14.2.2 Hence, or otherwise, prove ED || BC. (3)
[13]
In the figure below DE || FG || BC.
AD = 36 cm, DF = 24 cm, AE = 48 cm and DE = GC = 40 cm.
Determine, with reasons, the lengths of:

15.1 EG (2)
15.2 BC (4)
[6]

In the diagram below DA is a tangent to the circle ACBT at A. CT and AD are produced to
meet at P. BT is produced to cut PA at D. AC, CB, AB and AT are joined. AC || BD
Let ‴
16.1 Prove that ΔABC ||| ΔADT. (6)

16.2 Prove that PT is a tangent to the circle ADT at T. (3)
16.3 Prove that ΔAPT ||| ΔTPD. (3)
16.4 If AD , show that (4)
[16]
17.1 If in Δ LMN and Δ FGH it is given that and , prove the theorem that
states .
17.2 In the diagram below, ΔVRK has P on VR and T on VK such that PT || RK. VT = 4 units,
PR = 9 units, TK = 6 units and VP = 2‴ – 10 units.
Calculate the value of ‴.
(4)
[11]

The angle between the tangent and the chord is equal ... (1)
18.2 In the diagram points P, Q, R and T lie on the circumference of a circle. MW and
TW are tangents to the circle at P and T respectively. PT is produced to meet RU
at U.
Let , h, and ཪ, calculate the values of , h, and ཪ
(9)
[10]

O is the centre of the circle CAKB.
AK produced intersects circle AOBT at T.
㌠t ‴
19.1 Prove that h ‴ (3)
19.2 Prove that AC || KB. (5)
19.3 Prove ΔBKT ||| ΔCAT (3)
AC
19.4 If AK : KT = 5 : 2 , determine the value of (3)
KB
[14]

In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle. Chord AB is perpendicular to diameter DC.
CM : MD = 4 : 9 and AB = 24 units.
20.1 Determine an expression for DC in terms of ‴ if CM = 4‴ units. (1)
20.2 Determine an expression for OM in terms of ‴. (2)
20.3 Hence, or otherwise, calculate the length of the radius. (4)
[7]

In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle KTUV. PKR is a tangent to the circle at K.
h and K
Calculate, with reasons, the sizes of the following angles:
21.1 (2)
21.2 (2)
21.3 (2)
21.4 (2)
21.5 (2)
[10]

22.1 Use the diagram below to prove the theorem which states that if VW || YZ.
XV XW
Then
VY WZ
(6)
22.2 In ΔPQR below, B lies on PR such that 2PB = BR. A lies on PQ such that
PA : PQ = 3 : 8. BC is drawn parallel to AR.
area of ΔPRA
22.2.1 Write down the value of (2)
area of ΔQRA
BD
22.2.2 Calculate the value of the ratio . Show all working to
BQ
support your answer. (5)

[13]

In the figure AGDE is a semicircle. AC is the tangent to the semicircle at A and EG produced
intersects AC at B. AD intersects BE in F. AG GD. ‴.
23.1 Write down, with reasons, FOUR other angles each equal to ‴. (8)
23.2 Prove that BE.DE = AE.FE (7)
23.3 Prove that t t (4)
[19]

In ΔADC, E is a point on AD and B is a point on AC such that EB || DC. F is a point on AD
such that FB || EC. It is also given that AB 2BC.
24.1 Determine the value of AF : FE (2)

24.2 Calculate the length of ED if AF 8 cm. (4)
[6]

In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle and OB is perpendicular to chord AC.
Prove, using Euclidean geometry methods, the theorem that states AB BC.
[5]

In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle. BD is a diameter of the circle. GEH is a
tangent to the circle at E. F and C are two points on the circle and FB, FE, BC, CE and BE are
drawn.
and 5
Calculate, with reasons, the values of :
26.1 (2)
26.2 t㌠ (3)
26.3 (4)
[9]

In the diagram below, two circles intersect at K and Y. The larger circle passes through O, the
centre of the smaller circle. T is a point on the smaller circle such that KT is a tangent to the
larger circle. TY produced meets the larger circle at W.
WO produced meets KT at E.
Let ‴
27.1 Determine FOUR other angles, each equal to ‴. (8)
27.2 Prove that ᳸ ‴ (3)
27.3 Prove that KE ET. (3)
27.4 Prove that (6)
[20]

In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle. PWSR is a cyclic quadrilateral. PS, WO and OS are
drawn. PW || OS and
Calculate the sizes of the following angles:
28.1 (2)
28.2 (2)
28.3 (3)
28.4 (3)
[10]

In the diagram, OP is the diameter of the smaller circle. O is the centre of the larger circle.
Also, PTW is a chord of the larger circle and T lies on the smaller circle. OT is joined.
If OT = 10 cm and PW = 48 cm, calculate the length of the radius of the smaller circle. [5]

In the diagram, PSW and WT are tangents to circle RST at S and T respectively.
PT is drawn and intersects the circle at R. RS and ST are joined. RT = TS.
Let ‴ and .
30.1 Name, with reasons, THREE angles each equal to (6)

30.2 Prove that ΔPRS ||| ΔPST. (3)
30.3 Prove that PS × RT = RS × PT. (3)
[12]

31.1 In ΔABC below, D is a point on AB and E is a point on AC such that DE || BC. Prove,
AD AE
using Euclidean geometry methods, the theorem that states
DB EC
(7)
31.2 In the diagram below, ACH is a triangle with point B on AC and point G on AH
such that BG || CH. F is a point on AH and D is a point on HC such that
FD || AC. GB intersects FD at E.
It is also given that HD : DC = 5 : 3 and AB = 2BC.
If AH = 48 cm, calculate the following with reasons:

31.2.1 HF (3)
31.2.2 FG (3)
31.2.3 EF : ED (2)
[15]

32.1 In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle passing through A, B and C.
㌠ t h , ㌠ t ‴ and ㌠
Determine, with reasons, the size of:

32.1.1 ‴ (2)
32.1.2 (2)
32.2 In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle passing through A, B, C and D. AOD
is a straight line and F is the midpoint of chord CD. t and OF are joined
Determine, with reasons, the size of:
32.2.1 (2)
32.2.2 t㌠ (2)

32.3 In the diagram, AB and AE are tangents to the circle at B and E respectively.
BC is a diameter of the circle. AC 13, AE ‴ and BC ‴
32.3.1 Give reasons for the statements below.
(2)
32.3.2 Calculate the length of AB. (4)

[14]

33.1 In the diagram, points D and E lie on sides AB and AC of ΔABC respectively such
that DE || BC. DC and BE are joiced
33.1.1 Explain why the areas of ΔDEB and ΔDEC are equal. (1)
33.1.2 Given below is the partially completed proof of the theorem that
AD AE
states if in any ΔABC the line DE || BC then
DB EC
Using the above diagram, complete the proof of the theorem
Construction: Construct altitudes (heights) and in ΔADE
(5)

33.2 In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram. The diagonals of ABCD intersect in M.
F is a point on AD such that AF : FD 4 : 3. E is a point on AM such that EF || BD.
FC and MD intersect in G.
Calculate, giving reasons, the ratio of :
EM
33.2.1 (3)
AM
CM
33.2.2 (3)
ME
area ΔFDC
33.2.3 (4)
area ΔBDC
[16]

The two circles in the diagram have a common tangent XRY at R. W is any point on the small
circle. The straight line RWS meets the large circle at S. The chord STQ is a tangent to the small
circle, where T is the point of contact. Chord RTP is drawn. Let ‴ and
34.1 Give reasons for the statements below.
Let ‴ and
statement Reason
34.1.1 ‴
34.1.2 ‴
34.1.3 WT SP
34.1.4
34.1.5
(5)

WR RP
34.2 Prove that RT (2)
RS
34.3 Identify, with reasons, another TWO angles equal to . (4)
34.4 Prove that (3)
34.5 Prove that ΔRTS ||| ΔRQP. (3)
34.6 Hence, prove that (3)
[20]

In the diagram, AB is a chord of the circle with centre O. M is the midpoint of AB.
MO is produced to P, where P is a point on the circle. OM ‴ units, AB units

PM 5
And
OM
35.1 Write down the length of MB. (1)
35.2 Give a reason why OM AB. (1)
‴
35.3 Show that OP units. (2)
35.4 Calculate the value of ‴. (3)
[7]
In the diagram below, the circle with centre O passes through A, B, C and D. AB DC and
BOC . The chords AC and BD intersect at E. EO, BO, CO, and BC are joined.
36.1 Calculate the size of the following angles, giving reasons for your answers:
36.1.1 t (2)
36.1.2 (2)
36.1.3 (4)
36.2 Prove that BEOC is a cyclic quadrilateral. (2)
[10]

37.1 In the figure, TRSW is a cyclic quadrilateral with TW WS. RT and RS are produced to
meet tangent VWZ at V and Z respectively. PRQ is a tangent to the circle at R. RW is
joined. and 5
37.3.1 Give a reason why . (1)
37.3.2 State, with reasons, TWO other angles equal to 30 (3)
37.3.3 Determine, with reasons, the size of:
(a) (3)
(b) (4)
37.3.4 Prove that WR RV × RS (5)
[16]

In ΔTRM, ᳸ . NP is drawn parallel to TR with N on TM and P on RM. It is further
given that RT 3PN
38.1 Give reasons for the statements below
Statement Reason
In ΔPNM and ΔRTM:
38.1.1 ……………………………………………….
is common (2)
38.1.2 ΔPNM ||| ΔRTM ……………………………………………….
38.2
PM
Prove that (2)
RM
38.3 Show that RN PN RP . (4)
[8]

QUESTION 39 (JUNE 2015)
In the diagram below, PR is a chord of the circle with centre O. Diameter ST is perpendicular to
PR at M. PR h cm ,
MT 2 cm, OM ‴ cm.
39.1 Write OP in terms of ‴ and a number (1)

39.2 Write down the length of PM. Give a reason. (2)
39.3 Hence calculate the length of the radius of the circle. (3)
[6]

In the diagram below, the vertices of ΔPNR lie on the circle with centre O. Diameter SR
is perpendicular to chord NP at T.
Point W lies on NR. .
40.1 Calculate the size of the following angles, giving reasons for your answers:
40.1.1 (3)
40.1.2 (3)
40.1.3 (3)
40.2 If it is further given that NW WR , prove that TNWO is a cyclic quadrilateral (4)
[13]
In the diagram below, P, A, Q, R and S lie on the circle with centre O. SB is a tangent to the
circles at S and RW WP. AOWS and RWP are straight lines.
41.1 Write down, with reasons, the size of the following angles:
41.1.1 t (2)
41.1.2 (2)
41.2 Why is SB RP ? (1)

41.3 Prove, with reasons, that:
41.3.1 ΔAPS ||| ΔRWS (4)
41.3.2 RS WS AS (4)
41.3.3 (3)
[16]

QUESTION 42 (SEPTEMBER 2015)
In the diagram below, PQT is a tangent to the larger circle ABQ at Q. A smaller circle intersects
the larger circle at A and Q. BAP and BQR are straight lines with P and R on the smaller circle.
AQ and PR are drawn.
42.1 Prove that PQ PR (7)
42.2 Prove that ΔPBQ ||| ΔPQA (4)

42.3 Prove that the lengths of PA, PR and PB(in this order) form a geometric sequence.(3)
[14]

In the diagram below, cyclic quadrilateral ABCD is drawn in the circle with centre O.
43.1.1 Complete the following statement:

The angle subtended by a chord at the centre of a circle is … the angle subtended
by the same chord at the circumference of the circle. (1)
43.1.2 Use QUESTION 43.1.1 to prove that ㌠ h (3)

43.2 In the diagram below, CD is a common chord of the two circles. Straight lines
ADE and BCF are drawn. Chords AB and EF are drawn.
Prove that EF AB (5)

[9]

In the diagram below, ΔABC is drawn in the circle. TA and TB are tangents to the circle. The
straight line THK is parallel to AC with H on BA and K on BC. AK is drawn.
Let ‴
44.1 Prove that ‴ (4)
44.2 Prove that AKBT is a cyclic quadrilateral. (2)
44.3 Prove that TK bisects t. (4)
44.4 Prove that TA is tangent to the circle passing through the points A, K and H. (2)
44.5 S is a point in the circle such that the points A, S, K and B are concyclic.
Explain why A, S, B and T are also concyclic. (2)
[14]
In the diagram below, BC 17 units, where BC is a diameter of the circle. The length of chord
BD is 8 units. The tangent at B meets CD produced at A.
45.1 Calculate, with reasons, the length of DC. (3)
45.2 E is a point on BC such that BE : EC 3 : 1. EF is parallel to BD with F on DC
45.2.1 Calculate, with reasons, the length of CF. (3)
45.2.2 Prove that ΔBAC ||| ΔFEC. (5)
45.2.3 Calculate the length of AC. (4)
45.2.4 Write down, giving reasons, the radius of the circle passing
through points A, B and C. (2)
[17]

If the sides of two triangles are in the same proportion, then the triangles are… (1)
46.2 In the diagram below, K, M and N respectively are points on sides PQ, PR and
QR of ΔPQR. KP 1,5; PM 2; KM 2,5; MN ; MR 1,25 and
NR 0,75.
46.2.1 Prove that ΔKPM ||| ΔRNM. (3)
46.2.2 Determine the length of NQ. (6)
[10]

47.1 In the diagram below, tangent KT to the circle at K is parallel to the chord NM.
NT cuts the circle at L. ΔKML is drawn. and h .
Determine, giving reasons, the size of :
47.1.1 (2)
47.1.2 (3)
47.1.3 (2)
47.1.4 (2)
47.1.5 (1)

47.2 In the diagram below, AB and DC are chords of a circle. E is a point on AB such that
BCDE is a parallelogram. t t h and t ‴ .
Calculate , giving reasons, the value of ‴. (5)

[15]

In the diagram below, EO bisects side AC of ΔACE. EDO is produced to B such that
BO OD. AD and CD produced meet EC and EA at G and F respectively.
48.1 Give a reason why ABCD is a parallelogram. (1)

t
48.2 Write down, with reasons, TWO ratios each equal to (4)
tt
48.3 Prove that . (5)

48.4 It is further given that ABCD is a rhombus. Prove that ACGF is a cyclic
quadrilateral (3)
[13]
49.1 In the diagram below, ΔABC and ΔPQR are given with ,t and ㌠
DE is drawn such that AD PQ and AE PR.
49.1.1 Prove that ΔADE ΔPQR (2).
49.1.2 Prove that DE BC. (3)
t ㌠
49.1.3 Hence, prove that (2)

49.2 In the diagram below, VR is a diameter of a circle with centre O. S is any point on the
circumference. P is the midpoint of RS. The circle with RS as diameter cuts VR at T.
ST, OP and SV are drawn.
49.2.1 Why is OP PS? (1)
49.2.2 Prove that ΔROP ||| ΔRVS. (4)
49.2.3 Prove that ΔRVS ||| ΔRST. (3)
49.2.4 Prove that ST VT TR (6)
[21]

50.1 In the diagram below, BAED is a cyclic quadrilateral with BA || DE. BE = DE and
t . The tangent to the circle at D meets AB produced at C
Calculate, with reasons the sizes of the following.
50.1.1 (2)
50.1.2 t (2)
50.1.3 t (2)
50.1.4 t (2)
50.1.5 t (3)
[11]

In the diagram below, SP is a tangent to the circle at P and PQ is a chord. Chord QF produced
meets SP at S and chord RP bisects . PR produced meets QS at B. BC || SP and cuts the
chord QR at D. QR produced meets SP at A. Let t ‴
51.1 Name, with reasons, 3 angles equal to ‴ (4)
51.2 Prove that PC = BC (2)
51.3 Prove that RCQB is a cyclic quadrilateral. (2)
51.4 Prove that ΔPBS ||| ΔQCR. (5)
51.5 Show that PB.CR QB.CP (4)
[17]

52.1 In the diagram below PQRT is a cyclic quadrilateral having RT QP. The tangent at P
meets RT produced at S. QP QT and
52.1.1 Give a reason why (1)

52.1.2 Calculate, with reasons, the size of :
(a) (3)
(b) (2)
52.2 A, B and C are points on the circle having centre O. S and T are points on AC
and AB respectively such that OS AC and OT AB. AB and AC 48
52.2.1 Calculate AT. (1)
52.2.2 If OS OT, calculate the radius OA of the circle. (5)

5
[12]
ABC is a tangent to the circle BFE at B. From C a straight line is drawn parallel to BF to meet
FE produced at D. EC and BD are drawn. ‴ and ㌠
53.1 Give a reason why EACH of the following is true:
53.1.1 t ‴ (1)
53.1.2 t㌠t t (1)

53.2 Prove that BCDE is a cyclic quadrilateral (2)
53.3 Which TWO other angles are each equal to ‴? (2)
53.4 Prove that t ㌠ (3)

[9]

54.1 In the diagram ΔPQR is drawn. S and T are points on sides PQ and PR respectively such
that ST QR.
PS PT
Prove the theorem which states that (6)
SQ TR

54.2 In the diagram HLKF is a cyclic quadrilateral. The chords HL and FK are produced to
meet at M. The line through F parallel to KL meets MH produced at G.
MK ‴, KF ‴, ML and LH HG.

54.2.2 Prove that :
(a) GH (3)
(b) ΔMFH ||| ΔMGF (5)
‴
(c) (2)
54.2.3 Show that (3)

‴
[20]

In the diagram, PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. ST is a tangent to the circle S and chord SR is
produced to V. PQ QR, and h
Determine, with reasons, the size of the following angles:
55.1 (2)
55.2 (2)
55.3 (2)
55.4 (2)
[8]

In the diagram, PQRS is a quadrilateral with diagonals PR and QS drawn. W is a point on PS.
WT is parallel to PQ with T on QS. WV is parallel to PR with V on RS. TV is drawn.
PW : WS 3 : 2.
56.1 Write down the value of the following ratios:

ST
56.1.1 (2)
TQ
SV
56.1.2 (1)
VR
56.2 Prove that (4)

56.3 Complete the following statement: ΔVWS ||| Δ … (1)
56.4 Determine WV : PR (2)
[10]

57.1 Proof for angle at the centre = 2x angle at the circumference ……………it was
[ 5 marks]
57.2 In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle and P, Q, S and R are points on the circle.
PQ QS and . The tangent at P meets SQ produced at T. OQ intersects

PS at A.
57.2.2 Prove that PQ bisects . (4)
57.2.3 Determine in terms of . (2)

57.2.4 Prove that PT is a tangent to the circle that passes through points
P, O and A. (2)
57.2.5 Prove that ᳸ . (5)

[19]

In the diagram, LK is a diameter of the circle with centre P. RNS is a tangent to the circle at N. T
T is a point on NK and TP KL. ‴.
58.1 Prove that TPLN is a cyclic quadrilateral. (3)
58.2 Determine, giving reasons, the size of in terms of ‴. (3)
58.3 Prove that:
58.3.2 ΔKTP ||| ΔKLN (3)
58.3.2 KT KN KT TP (5)
[14]

In the diagram, points A, B, D and C lie on a circle. CE AB with E on AD produced.
Chords CB and AD intersect at F. t 5 and ㌠ 5
59.1 Calculate, with reasons, the size of:
59.1.1 (3)
59.1.2 ㌠ (2)
59.2 Prove, with a reason, that CF is a tangent to the circle passing through points
C, D and E. (2)
[7]

In the diagram, ΔABC and ΔACD are drawn. F and G are points on sides AB and AC
respectively such that AF ‴, FB ‴, AG and GC h . H, E and K are points on
side AD such that GH CK and GE CD.
60.1 Prove that :
60.1.1 FG BC (2)
AH AE
60.1.2 (3)
HK ED
60.2 It is further given that AH 5 and ED 12, calculate the length of EK. (5)
[10]

In the diagram, W is a point on the circle with centre O. V is a point on OW. Chord MN is drawn
such that MV VN. The tangent at W meets OM produced at T and ON produced at S.
61.1 Give a reason why OV MN (1)
61.2 Prove that:
61.2.1 MN TS (2)
61.2.2 TMNS is a cyclic quadrilateral (4)
61.2.3 OS.MN 2ON.WS (5)
[12]

62.1 Proof for tan chord theorem…. [5 marks]
62.2 In the diagram, BC is a diameter of the circle. The tangent at point D on the circle
meets CB produced at A. CD is produced to E such that EA AC
Let ㌠ ‴.
62.2.1 Give a reason why:
(a) t ᳸ (1)
(b) ABDE is a cyclic quadrilateral (1)
(c) t ‴ (1)
62.2.2 Prove that:

(a) AD AE (3)
(b) ΔADB ||| ΔACD (3)
62.2.3 It is further given that BC t t
(a) Prove that t t (2)
(b) Hence, prove that ΔADE is equilateral. (4)

[20]
In the diagram, PQRT is a cyclic quadrilateral in a circle such that PT TR. PT and QR
produced to meet in S. TQ is drawn.
63.1 Calculate, with reasons, the size of :
63.1.1 (2)
63.1.2 (2)
63.2 If it is further given that PQ TR:
63.2.1 Calculate, with reasons, the size of (2)

TR RQ
63.2.2 Prove that (2)
TS RS
[8]

In the diagram, PR is a diameter of the circle with centre O. ST is a tangent to the circle at T and
meets RP produced at S. ‴ and
Determine, with reasons, in terms of ‴ [6]
QUESTION 65(GP)
ALB is a tangent to circle LMNP. ALB||MP.
Prove that:
65.1 LM LP (4)
65.2 LN bisects MNP (4)
65.3 LM is a tangent to circle MNQ (4)

In the diagram, DEFG is a quadrilateral with DE 45 and GF 80. The diagonals GE and DF
meet in H. t and t
66.1 Give a reason why ΔDEG ||| ΔEGF (1)
66.2 Calculate the length of GE. (3)
66.3 Prove that ΔDEH ||| ΔFGH. (3)
66.4 Hence, calculate the length of GH (3)
[10]

67.1 Proof angle at the centre × angle at circumference. [5 marks]
67.2 In the diagram, the circle with centre F is drawn. Points A, B, C and D lie on the
circle. Chords AC and BD intersect at E such that EC ED. K is the midpoint of
chord BD. FK, AB, CD, AF, FE and FD are drawn. Let t ‴.
67.2.1 Determine, with reasons, the size of EACH of the following in

terms of ‴:
(a) (2)
(b) ㌠ (2)
67.2.2 Prove, with reasons, that AFED is a cyclic quadrilateral. (4)
67.2.3 Prove, with reasons, that ‴ (6)

AE
67.2.4 If area ΔAEB 6, 25 × area ΔDEC, calculate (5)
ED
[24]

In the diagram below, AOCD is a diameter of the circle with centre O and chord BE = 30 cm.
AOCD BE and OC = 2CD.
Calculate with reasons:
68.1 BC (2)
68.2 If CD ubits, determine OC in terms of . (1)
68.3 Calculate OB (1)
68.4 AB (correct to one decimal place) (3)
68.5 The radius of the circle CAB. (2)
[9]

69.1 In the diagram below, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral of the circle with centre O.
Use the diagram to prove the theorem which states that t t h . (5)
69.2 KOL is the diameter of the circle KPNML having centre O. R is the point on chord KN,
such that KR = RO. OR is produced to P. Chord KM bisects and cuts LP in T.
Prove with reasons that:
69.2.1 TK TL (5)
69.2.2 KOTP is a cyclic quadrilateral. (3)
69.2.3 PN MK (3)
[16]
In ΔABC, R is a point on AB. S and P are points on AC such that RS // BP. P is the midpoint of
AR
AC. RC and BP intersects at T.
AB 5
Calculate with reasons, the following ratios:

AS
70.1 (3)
SC
RT
70.2 (2)
TC
ARS
70.3 (3)
ABC
[8]
In the diagram alongside,
ACBT is a cyclic quadrilateral.
BT is produced to meet tangent AP on D.
CT is produced to P. AC // DB.
71.1 Prove that ㌠ (5)

71.2 If PA = 6 units, TC = 5 units
and PT = ‴, show that
‴ 5‴ (2)
71.3 Calculate the length of PT. (2)
71.4 Calculate the length of PD. (3)
[12]

72.1 PON is a diameter of the circle at O. TM is a tangent to the circle at M, a point on the
circle. R is another point on the circle such that OR PM. NR and MN are drawn.
Let .
Calculate, with reasons, the size of EACH of the following angles:

72.1.1 (2)
72.1.2 (2)
72.1.3 (1)
72.1.4 (2)
72.1.5 (3)

72.2 In the diagram, AGH is drawn. F and C are points on AG and AH respectively such that
AF 20 units, FG 15 units and CH 21 units. D is a point on FC such that ABCD
is a rectangle with AB also parallel to GH. The diagonals of ABCD intersect at M, a
point on AH.
72.2.1 Explain why FC GH. (1)

72.2.2 Calculate, with reasons, the length of DM. (5)
[16]

73.1 Proof for opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral (5 marks)
73.2 In the diagram, a smaller circle ABTS and a bigger circle BDRT are given. BT is
a common chord. Straight lines STD and ATR are drawn. Chords AS and DR are
produced to meet in C, a point outside the two circles. BS and BD are drawn.
‴ and .
73.2.1 Name, giving a reason, another angle equal to:

(a) ‴ (2)
(b) (2)
73.2.2 Prove that SCDB is a cyclic quadrilateral. (3)
73.2.3 It is further given that t and .

Prove that SD is not a diameter of circle BDS. (4)
[16]
In the diagram, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral such that AC CB and DC CB. AD is
produced to M such that AM MC. Let t ‴.
74.1 Prove that:

74.1.1 MC is a tangent to the circle at C (5)
74.1.2 ΔACB ||| ΔCMD. (3)
74.2 Hence, or otherwise, prove that:
CM AM
74.2.1 (6)
DC AB
74.2.2
t
tಸ ‴ (2)
[16]

Euclidean Goemetry 12

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Euclidean Goemetry 12

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f

GIVEN : Any ΔABC with DE // BC, D on AB ( or its extension ) and E

CONSTRUCTION : Draw altitude h to base AD and altitude k to base

But th tt th ㌠ t (Same base between DE//BC) S 

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 2

Given : ΔABC and ΔPQR with A P , B Q and C R

Construction: X and Y on AB, AC respectively such that AX = PQ

Similarly it can be proved that ΔABC ||| ΔPQR

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 3

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 4

O is the centre of the circle and AB is a chord. OB AC. Prove the

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 5

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 6

PROOF 6( TANGENT PROOF)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 7

If ㌠ , calculate, with reasons, the size of :

1.3 Show that AE bisects t t (3)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 8

Prove that theorem that states (5)

the circle at B. AO intersects BE at F. BD || AO. ‴.

2.2.2 Determine, with reasons, ㌠t in terms of ‴. (3)

If DE = ‴ units and AB = units, calculate ‴ and y. [6]

QUESTION 4 (NOVEMBER 2010)

4.1 Prove MDCE is a cyclic quadrilateral. (3)

4.2 Prove that ㌠ t t㌠ tt (3)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 10

circumference of the circle such that LM = MN. .

Determine, with reasons, the values of the following:

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 11

6.2.1 Name, with reasons, THREE other angles equal to ‴. (5)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 12

7.1 Prove, with reasons, that AE = BE. (2)

7.2 Prove that ΔAED ||| ΔCEB. (3)

7.3 Hence, or otherwise, show that AE DE CE. (3)

7.4 If AE EB EF EC, show that E is the midpoint of DF. (3)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 13

8.1 Prove that ΔBDA ||| ΔCDB. (3)

8.2 Calculate BD (Leave your answer in surd form) (3)

8.3 Calculate AE (Leave your answer in surd form). (6)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 14

Prove the theorem that states CAP ABC

9.2 RS is a diameter of the circle with centre O. Chord ST is produced to W. Chord SP

produced meets the tangent RW at V. R 5

Calculate the size of:

9.2.1 WRS (1)

9.2.4 Prove that V PTS (4)

If the radius is 10 cm and AC = 16 cm, calculate the length of ED. [5]

QUESTION 11 (NOVEMBER 2011)

AD in H and chord FD in G. AC || FD and FE = AB. Let t ‴ and t .

12.1 Show that E is the midpoint of AD. (2)

QUESTION 13 (FEB/MARCH 2011)

Calculate, with reasons, AOD. [5]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 17

Prove the theorem that states PRS PTS h

intersects the circle ABD at F. DE, DB and DF are joined. th h. FC FD

14.2.1 Calculate, with reasons, in terms of ‴:

(a) DEB (3)

Determine, with reasons, the lengths of:

QUESTION 16 (FEB/MARCH 2011)

16.1 Prove that ΔABC ||| ΔADT. (6)

16.4 If AD , show that (4)

Calculate the value of ‴.

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 20