Grade 12

Inquiries,
Investigation
& Immersion
Learning outcomes:
✓ identify and describe different types
of research designs
✓ select an appropriate research
design based on a given research
question
✓ analyze the characteristics and
purposes of experimental,
correlational, and descriptive
research designs.
 TOPIC

RESEARCH
METHOD AND
RESEARCH
DESIGN
RESEARCH METHOD
✓ An approach that will be
used to conduct the
study.
✓ May be through
qualitative, quantitative
or mixed method.
QUALITATIVE METHOD
✓ Collects and analyzes
data through
observation, interview,
focus group discussions,
video recordings and
analysis artifacts.
QUANTITATIVE METHOD
✓ It is quantifiable,
measurable, uses
numeric values and
statistical analysis.
MIXED METHOD
✓ It utilizes both
qualitative and
quantitative
methods.
RESEARCH DESIGN
✓ A plan that will be
implemented in
order to answer the
research questions
 RESEARCH
METHOD

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
MIXED
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 SUB-TOPIC

QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
DESIGN
1. DESCRIPTIVE
✓ Aims to obtain information to
systematically describe a
phenomenon, situation, or
population.
✓ It helps answer the what, when,
where and how questions regarding
the research problems, rather than
the why?
2. Causal comparative
✓ Used to identify the cause and
effect relationship between a
dependent and independent
variable.
✓ The researcher compares 2
groups to find out whether the
independent affects the outcome
or dependent variable.
3. CORRELATIONAL
✓ Investigates relationships
between variables without the
researcher controlling or
manipulating any of them.
✓ The direction of a correlation can
be either positive or negative
(zero/ no relationship)
4. EXPERIMENTAL
✓Quasi experimental
✓True experimental
4.1 Quasi
✓ Aims to establish a cause-
and-effect relationship
between IV and DV.
✓ Respondents are assigned
to groups based on non-
random criteria
4.2 True
✓ Most accurate forms of
research designs where
respondents are randomly
selected and manipulation
and assigning is non-
existent.
 SUB-TOPIC

QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
DESIGN
1. NARRATIVE
✓ Aims to explore and
conceptualize human
experience as it is represented
in textual form.
✓ Narrative researchers work with
small samples of participants
2. PHENOMENOLOGY
✓ Use to understand a
phenomenon’s universal
nature by exploring the
views of those who have
experienced it.
3. GROUNDED THEORY
✓ An inductive (specific to general)
process that provides systematic
guidelines for gathering,
synthesizing, analyzing and
conceptualizing qualitative data
for the purpose of theory
construction
4. HISTORICAL
✓ Studies the meaning of the
past events in an attempt
to interpret the facts and
explain the cause of
events, and their effect in
the present events.
5. ETHNOGRAPHIC
✓ It is when researchers observe or
interact with a study’s participants in
their real-life environment.
✓ Written description of a particular
culture, their customs, beliefs, and
behavior –base on information
collected through observation,
interview and immersion.