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Network Synthesis
Network Synthesis
Network Synthesis
0 for all o. given function is a p.r.f. 10.33. Synthesize (UP.T.U,, 2001, 2003(C.0.))462 C10) Circuits and Systems 7 et +28] s+ 4843 [1 Z, st +28 2e +3) 62 +25) > haa) eeds a 284+3( 40925 aig feey 3 x Therefore, the synethesized network is shown in figure 10.24. 19 42 2)—> iE ip a iy jenn e ) Fig. 10.24. é EXAMPLE 10.84 Synthesize (8+5) 2) = Taper i Foster's I form. (U.P.T.U., 2001) Solution : std (s+) (8+6) (s+1) (6+6) Me) = 45) + %8+6)8 Baliga ot 2e+6 28+10 —= Ze) = ~4 Yo) = 8424+ = YQ) _ s+70+6 eo | 84s 8? + 5e)6? + 76+6) 1 5 ie =F 32 26+6 ) alo 2a . r on sas Network Synthesis 10 463 Yio) _ 1, 2846 7 6 s(8+5) Using partial fraction expansions, Shae Ors igh 6 s 6+5 4 6 So Yo 8 et as Therefore, the synthesized network is shown in figure 10.25. PLE 10.35 Realize the following RC driving point impedance function in (i) First Foster form (ii) First Cauer form : 8 +6048 aes : .P.TU., Ot W. 2003) lution : (i) First Foster form: _ 8 +68+8 1/2 28) = Fe der3 +3 Fig. 10.26(a). (ii) First Cauer form: } #+4s+3) s?+6s+8 | 1>Z, — s+4s+3 fasta 1 2s+5]s24 de +3) —s OY, ae act stds 2 3s+3 2545 Suz, 2s44 N ages Soo, else ae cr N & x464 10 Circuits and Systems ‘Therefore, first Cauer form is shown in figure 10.26(6). 4 1 19 ae 2 3 2F aF Fig. 10.26(6). EXAMPLE 10.36 Realize the following functions in First and Second Foster for (UP.LU., 2004) (8? + 1)(6? +16) a 4 gj SDE > Oe tee) (s+2)(s+5) 20= Ned Solution: (i) First Foster form: (+(e +16) __ | 867+ 16 20) =" se +8) ate +9) i, he 3 49 Pie 124 Sen of the given Z(e) ia shown in figure 10.27(0). 56/g) H = +4 +opigaet Fig. 10.27%(a). s(s° +9) #8 + ob Boo} 2 (%s) _ Vs)? YO" Gy net+1®) P41 e186 atl oP +16 ‘Therefore, the second Foster form is shown in figure 10.27(6). ¢ Second Foster form: Fig. 10.27(b). (ii) First Foster form: wietalenby® 26 1 AW Bay ee, Z0)= oxford) ~1* Ger Der ~)* ei ord 17344Network Synthesis 00 465 Therefore, the first Foster form of the given Z(s) is shown in Fig. 10.27(c). 4 1 x2 we ° 19 iter pr gumry Xs) —> oe F oF Fig. 10.27(c). _ Second Foster form : vo = 24 U4)", (s)* 8 +2 B45 _ Therefore, the second Foster form is shown in figure 10.27(d). Fig. 10.27(d). 10.87 Test the following polynomial for its Hurwitz character. P(s) = 5° + 357 + 108° + 2455 + 3584 + 575° + 50s? + 368 + 24. (U.P.T.U., 2004) 1: P(s) = 8° + 387 + 10s + 2455 + 3584 + 578° + 50s? + 36s + 24 mn (1) : is satisfied (since all a/s are positive). (2): M(s) = 6° + 1085 + 3584 + 50s? + 24 N(s) = 887 + 248° + 5705 + 368 inued fraction expansion is given as ig 240" + 570 5 Ss) 88+ 108 + 3584 + 50s? + 24 8 + 855 + 1964 + 126? oO +1654 +3857 +24 | 367 +2454 5759+ 36s | >8 887 + 2485 + 5783 + 368 x that the division has been terminatéd pre-maturely by a common factor 37+ 2485 + 57% ‘Thus our task resolves into the problem of determining whether. P,(s) = 387 + 248° +5783 + 36s is Hurwitz. P,() =8s (6° + 8s4 + 196? + 12) = Wie) . Plo) P(e) = 86 + 854 + 198 + 12 . P(e) is an even polynomial. Therefore, the ratio of P(e) and P’() gives a continued fraction a ;466 OO Circuits and Systems Gs° + 3283 + 388 Got + 1aet +12 | Ge 16 ,, 19 py eye, 18 8+ ett oe 8 ,, 38 9 got tg 8? +12 | 655 + 3288 + 385 | 78 68+ Tet o7e i 8 get ils) sett yor + 12 8 176 oat 30 7 49 erie gets | oe Since, all quotient terms are positive, therefore the polynomial P(e) is Hurwitz and hence given polynomial is Hurwitz, EXAMPLE 10.38 An impedance is given by _ 86? +) 2B) = FD (eA) Realize the network in (#) Foster-I form and (ii) Cauer-II form. (UP.T.U., 2004) 8(s? + (6° +3) __8(st +45? +3) (8? +2)(s?+4) ~ 9(s* +2)(s? +4) @ Foster-I form : Using partial fraction expansion, A he Gs Bee * ot isk ) 8st + 328? + 24 mA (6? + 2) (6? + 4) + Bs%(a? + 4) + Co? (6? + 2) st SA+B+C=8 8° 6A +4B+2C=32 ; Constt. > 84 = 24 Gives, ASB B=2 Cc=3 Solution: Z(s) =tine Network Synthesis 010 467 , a=8 24 Fe ea We then obtained the synthesized network in Foster-I form as shown in figure 10.28(a). 3 aH 1H 4 4 2)—> oF cy dU vs Fig. 10.28(a). ; if) Cauer-II form : Z( = Meat es) 24 + 32s? + Bet Urs A+ ee + Bat “yas? + Bet | Bs + ete ai & ¥, ast es Fig. 10.28(6). 10.39 Gihe i» polo-oe disgrases shane, e-Ainkain 18 00) ona aa pick te that represents an RL impedance function and synthesize by first ae468 OO Circuits and Systems ng Lesaeay @ ) Fig. 10.29. Solution : The pole-zero diagram of figure 10.29(a) represents an R-C impedance function, since there is a pole at origin. The pole-zero diagram of figure 10.29(b) shows that two consecutive poles at (s =~ 3 and s = — 4). This is not permitted in any immittance function. The correct pole-zero diagram must be as shown in figure 10.29(c). This represents an R-L impedance function, since there {3 “3 —y is a zero at origin and poles and zeros are interlaced on the negative real Fig. 10.29). axis. 3(s+2)(s+4) Zrl8)= Ves iissd) Zs) _ (s+2s+4) Petes ee ee Zs) _ s°+6s+8 1, _ 2845 s ~ s445+3 (8+ 1)(s+3)" a A or Tate 4 (Using partial fraction expansion) 3} or Zs)=5+ 2 + 2 stl 343 Fig. 10.29(d). 3 s(s7+2)(s 44) EXAMPLE 10.40, Realize Z(s) = TH a5G8; gyiq2 ig) it first Cauer form, (U.P.T.U., 2005) Solution : There is a misprint in this question. The power ofs in the first factor of the denominator of Z(s) must be 2. 262 ae Yay SAD He 5) ‘s(e? + 2)(5? +4) 5° 49s! +238 +15 3° +659 +83Network Synthesis op 469 ‘The continued fraction expansion is 554692 +85 ) 594 99! + 2852415 | SY; oS 04 Gat +80? LC ‘Beta 16s? + 15 J 88 + Gs? + 88 GO 22 5 + 553 + 5s 93 + 38) 394 + 15s? + 15 (8s @ Y; A sett ot ee 65? + 15) 43015 Ze 5 1 iF 3F 12F Fig. 10.30. 10.41 An impedance function is given by 2(8 +1) (s+3) 20) = es2)(0+4) the R-L representation of Foster first form. _ As+I(s+3) + Fe) = er aV(e+4) Zs) _ As+V(s+3) _ 3/4 1/2 | 3/4 : ; : + = 7 se+D@+4) ~ 0 * a4” std (Using paiial fraction emt oe at 3, Ge | Gls f= ewi-wwa * a0d ~ the synthesized network is shown in figure 10.31.470 C10 Circuits and Systems EXAMPLE 10.42 Diagnose whether the following impedance function represents aRL or RC network and find its first Cauer form. (s+4)(s+6) (+8) (s+5) Zs) = (U.P.T.U, 2006) er8) “ i 6 -5 -4 -3 -2-1 a Poles s-Plane Since singularities nearest to origin and farthest from origin (or t. 10.3%(a). nearest to infinity) are pole and zero respectively as shown in figure Fr 10.82(a). Therefore the given network function (Impedance) represents RC network. 87 +106+24 208 Tyas +18 First Cauer form: 8 +8s+15) s+ 10s+24 (ler Z, s+ 85416 Se 25 +9)? +80 +15 @go# a Z=12 = R=19 %= $0 = O,=5F %= $2 = R= 40 yn Geos Caer Fig. 10.850). a a = Therefore. the first Cauer form ic aa ahown in fienre 10 29/h)Network Synthesis (10 471 ees 10.43 Realize the function Z(s) = sete) 2(e" +1) (6? +9) network. » (UP.T.U, 2006) Solution: Foster-I Form: Using partial fraction expansion, “ = 867 +4) Kys_, Kes 2) = TFs EHD G49) _ +4) wf ae S29) “6 - _ +4) 5S Ke = 4) 3g tie! in both Foster forms LC 3 5 as 6 Ze) = 16_ ,16_ 2) C+D @+9) Fig. 10.33(a). Foster's I form as shown in figure 10.33(a). Form: ; 20? +1)(s?+9) _ 29442067418 OS et, nes 83 + 49) 284+ 205? + 18( 25 eth didn “126% +18 12s? +18 ae (57+ 4) é os472 010 Circuits and Systems Using partial fraction expansion, 2 12s* +18 = Ky, Kas a(s7+4) 8st 44 = 12518) "9 us Game 2 12s? +18 15 x= =F Isat 9 15, Ys) = 2042 ce Yo) = Ose Te, C, = 28 J L,=2H ist 2" 9 18 25 af Ly = 757 Fig. 10.35(b). 1 15 InG;=4 > G= 5? Therefore, Foster's II from as shown in figure 10.33(6). EXERCISES 10.1. Define Hurwitz polynomial and write its properties. 10.2. Define positive real function and write its properties. Define Foster's reactance theorem. 4 (0.4. Write the properties of (@ L-C immittance functions (6) R-C impedance or R-L admittance functions (©) R-Limpedance or R-C admittance functions 10.5. What are the procedures to obtain (a) Foster's I form (b) Foster's II form (¢) Cauer’s I form, (d) Cauer’s II form. PROBLEMS 40.1. Check whether the given polynomials are Hurwitz or not. @ Pls) = s#+53-21s?+8s+2 (b+) Pee) = 85 +98 +262+3s4+1 © Ps) = st+s8+262+38+2Network Synthesis 00 473 4126+ 4569 +4454 48 s+ 2et+353+6s? + 4e+8 88+ 265+ 1464+ 2663 + 4967+ 726+ 36 P(e) = 65+ 754 +553 +5? + 28 d the range of values ain P(s), so that P(e) = 264 + 6° + as? +s +2 is Hurwitz. ck whether the given functions are p.r. or not. _ 8410844 _ St +stl ae” NTs aT see e o9 +587 +98+3 _ 4e41 PO) = tse @ Fe) = Qet +769 +115" 412844 Sl) =, dc kudihatlabereeeuonn tamer ee (8? +4) ea MT these. Ftp atawy of 8 Foster-I form and also as a nthesize the network function Z(s) = 205 +1269 +168 ot +4? +3 as Cauer-I form. ‘Synthesize the function Z(s) = i othe network function 20) = "#2. ay Caner form, ie = SAAS} in Couer- form. Realize Zpr(6) =p in Cauer-II form. 8+2) GER — 8(6+2)(8+4) 3 (+3) Huei i i ene