КВНЗ «Харківська академія неперервної освіти»

Завдання ІІ етапу Всеукраїнської учнівської олімпіади

з англійської мови 2022/2023 н.р.
10 клас

Task 1. Read the three texts and answer the questions below by indicating
which text each question relates to: A, B, or C.
Text A - Transport in Berlin, Germany
The U-Bahn is a fast rail system used in the city of Berlin. Most of the system is
underground, but some sections operate ‘in the air’ high above ground level and
other sections are at street level. The U-Bahn has the fifth longest track in
Europe. The city has many ‘combined’ stations that serve the bus, train, U-
Bahn and ferries at the same time, so it is easy to move from one form of
transport to another.
Berlin also has a highly developed bike lane system. It is a city with more than
one million inhabitants and has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting in
the world for a city of its size. There are around 1,500,000 bike rides every day,
which is approximately 13% of total traffic. The city of Berlin aims to increase
the number to 18% of city traffic by the year 2025.
Text B - Transport in Copenhagen, Denmark
The Copenhagen Metro is a fast train system, open 24 hours each day, 7 days a
week (24/7). However, it is actually quite short, only 20.4-kilometre long. It has
just 2 tracks, the M1 and M2, and was completed in 2007. It is very modern and
uses driverless trains. The metro has 22 stations, of which nine are
underground. In 2016, the metro carried 61 million passengers.
Copenhagen is also known as one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the
world. 45% of all people travel to work, school or university by bicycle. The
city has many cycle tracks. These tracks are often separated from the main
traffic lanes and sometimes have their own signal systems, which allow cyclists
to set off a few seconds before cars.
Text C - Transport in Madrid, Spain
The Madrid Metro is one of the largest train systems in the world. It is now the
second largest in Western Europe; it has over 287 kilometres of track. Only the
London Underground is bigger.
Less than 1% of all city journeys are made by bike. Pollution levels are so high
that Madrid had to take action. The city limited the number of cars on the road
and even offers free public transport. Madrid has also started a public bike hire
 scheme. The new bicycles are electric, which means you get that extra push to
help you around the hilly city.
Which text describes…
1. the second biggest train system in Western Europe?
2. a very small train system?
3. a city where almost half of the commuters use bikes?
4. a system that uses tracks that are high up?
5. public transport people don’t pay for?
6. a system that gives cyclists an advantage over cars?
7. a city where not many people use bicycles?
8. a system where 4 types of transport meet?
9. a system that uses trains without drivers?
(9 x 1p = 9p)

Task 2. Read the text and answer the questions below.

On top of the world
In January 2015, Kevin Jorgeson and Tommy Caldwell climbed to the top of the
Dawn Wall of El Capitan – a famous mountain in Yosemite National Park, USA.
This is often described as the world’s most difficult rock climb. It took Jorgeson
and Caldwell eighteen days to climb the 900 metres to the top! During this time,
they hung tents off the rock, and ate and slept in them. The Dawn Wall is so
difficult because there is nothing big for climbers to hold onto. Jorgeson and
Caldwell had to climb by holding tiny pieces of rocks with the ends of their
fingers. They used ropes to protect themselves from falling, but not to help them
climb.
Kevin Jorgeson nearly didn't finish the climb. He found one part of the Dawn Wall
extremely difficult. It took him seven days to do this part, and he fell eleven times.
His fingers were damaged too, so he had to wait for them to get better before he
could continue. But in the end, both men finished the climb together. It was an
amazing achievement.
Only two weeks later, an ice climber called Will Gadd became the first person to
climb a frozen part of the Niagara Falls. These falls, on the Niagara River between
America and Canada, are the biggest waterfalls in North America. They are made
of three separate waterfalls, and Gadd climbed the Horseshoe Falls, on the
Canadian side. In winter, a part of these 50.9 metre falls freezes, and Gadd wanted
to climb up the ice. But it was an extremely difficult climb. The ice was very thick
in some places, but not in other places. And because only a part of the waterfall
was frozen, a lot of water fell past Gadd as he climbed. Gadd knew that if he fell,
he would probably die − but he got to the top.
But why do people want to do dangerous climbs like these? 'Dangerous situations
are very exciting,' says climber Terrence Jones. 'They make you feel alive.'
Humans have always looked for challenges, but many of the old challenges – like
climbing Mount Everest – aren’t exciting enough for some climbers because so
many people have already done them. ‘Climbers like Caldwell and Gadd want to
achieve more than anyone else,’ says Jones, ‘so that the world will read about them
in the papers and see them on TV.’
One day people will complete all of the difficult climbs on Earth, so what will
climbers do then? ‘I don’t know,’ says Jones. ‘But perhaps one day far in the future
people won’t climb on Earth. There are still mountains to climb on Mars!’ This
may never happen, of course, but one thing is certain: the search for adventure will
not stop.
10. Why was the Dawn Wall difficult to climb?
A. It was higher than the climbers thought.
B. The climbers couldn’t sleep.
C. The rocks were difficult for climbers to hold.
D. It took a very long time to finish.
11. Jorgeson had to stop climbing for a while because
A. he was really tired.
B. he was anxious.
C. he often slipped.
D. he had an injury.
12. What does the text say about Will Gadd's climb?
A. Nobody had climbed that section of the falls before him.
B. He climbed the highest part of the Niagara Falls.
C. It was the most dangerous climb in the world.
D. Nobody had climbed on ice in Canada before.
13. Terence suggests that Gadd and Caldwell climb
A. to become famous.
B. to write about their experiences.
C. to make TV programmes.
D. to show people how difficult climbing is.
 14. In this article, the writer
A. encourages people to go on adventures.
B. discusses people who do difficult things.
C. describes why he likes doing dangerous climbs.
D. predicts the future of climbing.
(5 x 1p = 5p)

Task 3. Read the text. Five sentences have been removed from the text. For
items 15-19, decide which phrase below (A-G) goes into which gap. There are
two extra phrases.
Follow the arrow
If you have even been inside the cockpit of a plane, you will have noticed the large
number of instruments on the walls and ceiling around the pilot’s seat. 15.___
Unlike car drivers, pilots do not have the luxury of signs and arrows telling them
where to go. Instead, they rely on sophisticated GPS systems. So how were pilots
able to find their way in the days before radio and satellite communication?
In the USA, the problem of navigation first arose when the airmail postal service
was introduced in 1911. In the beginning, huge bonfires were lit to show pilots
where to land in the dark. Later, a more practical solution was found: the
construction of giant concrete arrows on the ground. 16.___ To enable pilots to see
them at night, a steel tower with lights was built in the middle. The top light turned
around to attract the pilot’s attention, and two others lit up the arrow and flashed a
code to identify its location.
The first of these arrows was laid in 1924, and by 1929, there were around 1,500 of
them. 17.___ The arrows were spaced about 16 km apart and were an important
part of the Transcontinental Airway System. But by the 1940s, new navigation
techniques were being discovered and soon, the arrows and their towers were no
longer needed. They were gradually abandoned and some of them were removed
completely.
However, not all of the arrows have disappeared. 18.___ Some are still visible in
the empty areas of other states such as Utah, Wyoming and Indiana. Yet, either
because of their size or due to their bad condition, the arrows are not easy to find.
In many cases, if you want to see one, it is a question of knowing where to look.
Which is where retired couple Brian and Charlotte Smith can help. The two are
devoted fans of the arrows and spend much of their time hunting them down.
19.___ Once they find an arrow, they map its location, photograph it and upload
the details onto their website. Their aim is to preserve the memory of these
historical structures and prevent them from being lost forever.
A They formed an illuminated path for airmail pilots stretching from New York to
San Francisco.
B Plans were made for a floating version that would cross the Atlantic Ocean.
C Many of these buttons, dials and screens are used in navigation.
D So far, they have located more than a hundred of them.
E In the state of Montana, they are still used for guiding pilots through the
mountains.
F When hikers come across them, they often wonder why they were built.
G The arrows were 21 m long and painted bright yellow.
(5 x 1p = 5p)

Task 4. Read the article and choose the best option to complete the text.
UK Children Reading Too Early
Children are too young to learn to read when they first start school in the UK, an
academic claims.
Pushing young pupils too hard could put them 20._____ for life, especially boys,
says Professor Lilian Smith. She believes government plans to teach children to
read even earlier, at pre-school, are a 21._____. Dr Smith, a professor of education
at the University of Michigan, thinks policy makers are pushing 22._____ too hard
too early. Most children in the UK start learning to read and write when they start
primary school – often before their fifth birthday. In Scandinavian countries,
formal teaching begins much 23._____, usually when children are six or seven.
Dr Smith said there was a 24._____ that the British model could put children off
reading for life if pupils were forced to learn before they were 25._____. She said:
‘The evidence we have, so far, is that, 26._____ you start formal teaching of
reading very early, children do well in tests, but when you follow them on to the
age of 11 or 12, they don’t do any better than those who had a more 27._____
approach’.
She suggests that a more informal approach, which supports children's ‘natural
curiosity’, is much better and gives the example of 28._____ going to visit a local
bakery and then writing down 29._____ they have seen and experienced. Dr Smith
also emphasises that English is a very difficult language to learn. ‘Some people
think that because English is so difficult you need to start early but that's wrong. If
it is so difficult, 30._____ until they're older and do it in a natural context - where
they see things and write them down. Children should be introduced to the
alphabet at the age of about five-and-a-half in an ideal world,’ said Dr Smith.
20. A on B away C off D under
21. A good idea B difficulty C correction D mistake
22. A ideas B teachers C children D rules
23. A easier B sooner C later D faster
24. A danger B lesson C policy D bonus
25. A taught B unprepared C complete D ready
26. A unless B who C if D sometimes
27. A relaxed B formal C early D structured
28. A pupils B doctors C staff D workers
29. A where B what C when D that
30. A wait B teach C stay D explain
(11 x 1p = 11p)

Task 5. Put the verbs in the correct form.

31. He used to have a beard and now he is clean shaven. He _________________
(shave) it.
32. When I got to school this morning I realised I _________________________
(leave) my sneakers at home.
33. Wait! Those bags must be heavy. I __________________________________
(take) one for you.
34. The train for Terni _______________________________________________
(leave) at 4.30, platform 6.
35. When we arrived at the office, John __________________________________
(work) for two hours on that project already.
(5 x 1p = 5p)

Task 6. Use the words in capitals at the end of the lines below to form words
that fit the gaps.
e.g. Sarina is only my half-sister because we have ______ mothers. DIFFER
Answer: different

36. I am really sorry that I was ______________________ to attend last week’s

meeting. ABLE
37. Although I value teamwork, this time I expect you to work _______________.
DEPEND
38. Unfortunately, she _________________________ my instructions and made
an error. UNDERSTAND
39. In class she is very _______________________ and never stops making
comments. TALK
40. Living on a deserted island, he suffered from terrible ____________________.
LONELY
(5 x 1p = 5p)

Task 7. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must
use between two and five words, including the word given.
e.g. We must take as much advantage as possible of any opportunity to speak English. MOST
We have to make ………………………………… any opportunity to speak English.
Answer: the most of

41. I feel really bad about not buying a present for Fiona. SHOULD
I _________________________________________________ a present for Fiona.
42. I love it when somebody gives me a compliment. BEING
I love _________________________________________________ a compliment.
43. My brother and I are alike in many ways. LOT
My brother and
I__________________________________________________________ common.
44. Only a few people can speak Hungarian. MANY
There ___________________________________________ can speak Hungarian.
45. I really don’t think it would be a good idea for you to join a gym. BETTER
You ________________________________________________________ a gym.

(5 x 2p = 10p)