Non-Cooperation Movement and

Khilafat Andolan (1919-22)

(असहयोग आंदोलन तथा �खलाफत
आंदोलन (1919-22)

Sainil Nagare
Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Andolan (1919-22)
(असहयोग आंदोलन तथा �खलाफत आंदोलन (1919-22)
During 1919-22, the British faced two mass movements(1919-22 के
दौरान, अंग्रेज� को दो जन आंदोलन� का सामना करना पड़ा)—
• The Khilafat
• Non-Cooperation
Emerged from separate issues(दोन� ह� आन्दोलन अलग-अलग मद्
ु द� से
उभरे ).
• But they adopted a common Programme of action—i.e., non-violent
non-cooperation.
• First World War (1914-1918) provided a background to these two
movements.
 Events that led to the Non- Cooperation & Khilafat
(घटनाएँ िजनके कारण असहयोग तथा �खलाफत आंदोलन हुआ)

International • Post-war betrayal (�वश्वासघात) of allied

Developments Nations.
(अंतरार्ष्ट्र�य
• Rise in nationalist sentiments in different
countries.
�वकास) • Ill-treatment of defeated powers.

• Economic Hardship
Domestic • Half-Hearted Constitutional Reforms.
Developments • Rowlett Act (रॉलेट एक्ट) and Jallianwala
(आन्त�रक �वकास) Bagh Massacre (ज�लयांवाला बाग हत्याकांड).
• Hindu-Muslim Unity
THE KHILAFAT ISSUE(�खलाफत का मुद्दा)

After the First World War, the British treated Turkey badly.
There were two demands of Indian Muslims:
• The Khalifa’s control over Muslim sacred places should be retained.
• The Khalifa should be left with sufficient territories after territorial
arrangements.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE KHILAFAT-NON-COOPERATION PROGRAMME
(�खलाफत-असहयोग आन्दोलन का �वकास)

• Formation of Khilafat Committee(�खलाफत स�म�त का गठन )(1919): To

force the British government to change its attitude towards Turkey.
• Formations of Demands:
• Stage 1: Khilafat leaders limited their actions to meetings,
petitions, deputations in favor of the Khilafat.
• Stage 2: An active agitation (स�क्रय आंदोलन क� मांग)
• Stage3: All India Khilafat Conference was held in Delhi in
November 1919 and a call was made for the boycott of British
goods.
Mahatma Gandhi - President of the India Khilafat Conference (23rd
November 1919).
 CONGRESS STAND ON KHILAFAT QUESTION
(�खलाफत के प्रश्न पर कांग्रेस का मत)
• Gandhi was in favour of launching Satyagraha and non-cooperation
on the Khilafat issue.
• Congress was not united on this form of political action.
• Tilak was opposed to any movement(�वरोध).
• The main reasons were:
 LAUNCH OF NON-COOPERATION KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
(असहयोग -�खलाफत आंदोलन क� शुरुआत)

• Treaty of Sevres(सेवसर् क� सिन्ध): May 1920, treaty completely

dismembered(खं�डत) Turkey.
• All-party conference at Allahabad: June 1920, boycott of schools,
colleges and law courts.
• Gandhi was asked to lead the movement.
• Non-cooperation was formally launched: In August 1920 by Khilafat
Committee.
 LAUNCH OF NON-COOPERATION KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
(असहयोग -�खलाफत आंदोलन क� शुरुआत)
• Special Congress Session - Calcutta (September 1920)
(कांग्रेस का �वशेष अ�धवेशन - कलक�ा (�सतंबर 1920):Congress approved a non-
cooperation Programme.
Nagpur session(नागपरु अ�धवेशन)

• Presided by C. Vijayaraghavachariar.
• Organizational changes in the Congress
• Provincial Congress Committees -linguistic basis(भाषाई आधार) .
• Working Committee of 15 members.
• Ward committees was organized
• Entry fee was reduced to four annas.
Nagpur session(नागपरु अ�धवेशन)

• Change in Principles(�सद्धांत� म� प�रवतर्न)

• New goal to attain swaraj through peaceful and
legitimate(शां�तपण
ू र् और वैध) means.
• Congress committed itself to extra- constitutional mass struggle.
Reaction of various segments after congress endorsed
non-cooperation Programme
(कांग्रेस द्वारा असहयोग कायर्क्रम का समथर्न करने के बाद �व�भन्न
वग� क� प्र�त�क्रया)

• Revolutionary pledged (संकल्प) support to the Congress.

• Some leaders like Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, G.S.
Kharpade left the Congress.
• Surendranath Banerjee founded the Indian National Liberal
Federation.
COURSE OF THE MOVEMENT(आंदोलन क� �दशा)

Gandhi • accompanied by the Ali brothers undertook a

nationwide tour(दे शव्यापी दौरा) .

Lawyers • Gave up their law practice .

Muslims • Muslims to resign (इस्तीफा)from the Army as it

was unreligious.
COURSE OF THE MOVEMENT(आंदोलन क� �दशा)

• Gave up purdah and offered ornaments

Women for the Tilak Fund.

• left government aided colleges and

Students schools and joined national institutions.

• Allowed Provincial Congress Committees

Congress to start civil disobedience.
COURSE OF THE MOVEMENT(आंदोलन क� �दशा)

Actions
undertaken • Foreign clothes were burnt publicly.
• Picketing of shops selling foreign liquor.
by Masses • Congress volunteer corps emerged as
the parallel police.
(जनता द्वारा • A no-tax movement against union
board taxes.
क� गई • Strikes in tea plantations in Assam.
कारर् वाई)
GOVERNMENT RESPONSE(सरकार क� प्र�त�क्रया)

• Congress volunteer corps were declared illegal.

• All important leaders except for Gandhi were sent to prison.
• Public meetings were banned.
• The Press was censured.
• Ali brothers were arrested.
LAST PHASE OF THE MOVEMENT
(आंदोलन का अं�तम चरण)

The Annual Congress Session -at Ahmedabad in 1921.

It was presided formally by C. R. Das.

Gandhi threatened to British to launch civil disobedience if

(i) Political prisoners were not released, and
(ii) Press controls were not removed.
CHAURI CHAURA INCIDENT(चौर� चौरा कांड)

• On 5th February 1922 the police in Chauri-Chaura village had beaten

up volunteers campaigning against liquor sale and high food prices.
• The police had then opened fire on the crowd.
• The angry crowd attacked and burnt the police station.
Gandhi immediately announced the withdrawal of the movement.
BARDOLI RESOLUTION FEB, 1922
(बाराडोल� संकल्प फरवर�, 1922)
• The Congress Working Committee met at Bardoli in February 1922.
• To stop all activity that led to breaking of the law.
• It also urged the masses to take up constructive work.
Reactions of other leaders(अन्य नेताओं क� प्र�त�क्रया)
• Most of the nationalist leaders expressed their unwillingness at
Gandhi’s decision to withdraw the movement.
Government Response(सरकार क� प्र�त�क्रया)
• In March 1922, Gandhi was arrested and tried on the charges of
Sedition.
WHY GANDHIJI WITHDREW THE MOVEMENT?
(गांधीजी ने आंदोलन वापस क्य� �लया?)

• People had not fully understood the method of non-violence.

• The movement showed signs of fatigue.
• The Khilafat question, the central theme of the agitation, declined.
• Turkey was made a secular state and the Caliphate was
abolished in 1924.
PEOPLE’S RESPONSE TO THE NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT(असहयोग आंदोलन के प्र�त लोग� क� प्र�त�क्रया)

MIDDLE • Showed a lot of reservations about Gandhi’s

CLASS programme.
• The response to the call for resignation was

(मध्यम वगर्)
not taken seriously.

BUSINESS CLASS • Boycott of foreign goods received support from

the Indian business group.

(व्यवसायी वगर्)
• They seemed to be afraid of labour unrest in
their factories.
PEOPLE’S RESPONSE TO THE NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT(असहयोग आंदोलन के प्र�त लोग� क� प्र�त�क्रया)

PEASANTS
CLASS • Eka Movement
• Awadh Kisan Sabha Movement

(कृषक वगर्)
• Moplah Rebellion.

MUSLIM
• In many places, Muslims were arrested.
PARTICIPATION • Gandhi and other leaders addressed the
Muslim masses.
(मुिस्लम भागीदार�)
PEOPLE’S RESPONSE TO THE NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT
(असहयोग आंदोलन के प्र�त लोग� क� प्र�त�क्रया)

• Students became active volunteers(स�क्रय

STUDENTS स्वयंसेवक) .
• Left government schools and colleges.

• Women gave up purdah and offered their

WOMEN ornaments for the Tilak Fund.

• Took active part in picketing before the shops
selling foreign cloth and liquor.
EVALUATION OF KHILAFAT NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT
(�खलाफत-असहयोग आंदोलन का मल् ू याँकन)
• Urban Muslim became the part of national movement.
• Communalisation of the national politics.
• Spirit of nationalist sentiment spread across the Country.
• Myths of colonial rule was diminished: It was in the interest of the
people and the British rule was invincible
• Economic critique by Moderate(उदारवाद�) nationalists.
• Satyagraha through mass struggle(जन संघषर्).
• Boosted the confidence of Indian masses.
Thank you
1922-1928
Swarajists and No-Changer
(स्वराजवाद� तथा अप�रवतर्नवाद�)

• After withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement (असहयोग

आन्दोलन) and Gandhi’s arrest.
• Indian National Congress branches (�वभक्त हो गया) due to new forms
of resistance and political approaches
1. Swarajist (स्वराजवाद�)
2. No Changer (अप�रवतर्नवाद�)
Swarajists (स्वराजवाद�)

• They advocated for inclusion in legislative councils (�वधान प�रषद�).

• Led by C R Das, Motilal Nehru, and Ajmal Khan.
• Objective(उद्दे श्य):
• Wanted to “end or mend”(समािप्त या सुधार) the legislative council
(�वधान प�रषद).
• Expose the fundamental flaws of the legislative assemblies
(�वधान सभा)
No Changers (अप�रवतर्नवाद�)

• They opposed entry to the legislative council (�वधान प�रषद).

• Led by Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, C. Rajagopalachari, and
M.A. Ansari.
• They wanted resumption of suspended civil disobedience
programme (स�वनय अव�ा कायर्क्रम).
Formation of Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party
(कांग्रेस-�खलाफत स्वराज्य पाट� का गठन)

• In 1922 Gaya session, CR Das moved a proposal to enter the

legislatures (�वधानमंडल).
• No changers opposed.
• CR Das and Motilal Nehru resigned and formed Congress-Khilafat
Swarajya Party.
Swarajists’ Arguments for Council Entry
(प�रषद म� प्रवेश के �लए स्वराजवा�दय� के तकर्)

Reason (कारण):

• To fill in the temporary political void (शन्ू यता).

• Nationalists prevent the government from filling councils with
undesirables (अवांछनीय).
• The councils could be used as an arena(अखाड़ा) of political struggle.
• Noncooperation (असहयोग) would not be negated by joining the
councils; it would just be a continuation of it.
No-Changers’ Arguments for denying Council entry
(प�रषद म� प्रवेश से इनकार करने के �लए अप�रवतर्नवा�दय� के तकर्)

Reason (कारण):
• Entry into legislative council (�वधान प�रषद) or Parliamentary work
would lead:
• To neglect constructive work(रचनात्मक कायर्)

• Loss of revolutionary zeal(क्रां�तकार� उत्साह )

• Political Corruption
• Constructive work would prepare everyone for the next phase of civil
disobedience (स�वनय अव�ा).
Compromise between No changer and Swarajist
(अप�रवतर्नवाद� और स्वराजवाद� के बीच समझौता)

• They wanted to avoid a 1907-type split (�वभाजन).

• They also accepted the necessity of Gandhi’s leadership

• Compromise was reached at a meeting in Delhi(1923).
• The Swarajists were allowed to contest elections.
Swarajist Manifesto for Elections
(चन
ु ाव के �लए स्वराजवाद� घोषणापत्र)

British guided by selfish

Interest.

Manifesto
Real objective of the British
was exploitation(दोहन) of
resources.

present demand of self-

government in councils

Obstruct(बाधा) the
working of the council
Swarajist Activity in Councils
(प�रषद� म� स्वराजवाद� ग�त�व�ध)

• Swarajist out-voted (बहुमत) the government several times.

• Powerful speeches on self-government.
• Vithalbhai Patel was elected speaker in 1925.
• They defeated the Public Safety Bill (सावर्ज�नक सुर�ा �वधेयक) in 1928.
• Exposed hollowness (खोखलेपन) of the Montford scheme (म�टफोडर् योजना).

• Swarajist resorted(सहारा �लया) to adjournment motions(स्थगन प्रस्ताव�)

and asking inconvenient questions(असु�वधाजनक प्रश्न).
Decline of Swarajist Party (स्वराजवाद� पाट� का पतन)

Rising
Communal(सांप्र
दा�यक) Politics

Failed to resist
the perks and Internal
privileges of Divisions
power Reasons for
Decline of
Swarajist Party

Death of CR Lure(लालच) of
Das Office
Constructive worker by No-Changers
(अप�रवतर्नवा�दय� द्वारा रचनात्मक कायर्)

• Ashrams sprang up (उदय हुआ), where young men and women worked
among tribals and lower castes.
• The use of Khadi and Charkha.
• National schools and colleges were set up.
• Significant work was done for:
• Hindu-Muslim unity
• Removing untouchability(अस्पश्ृ यता)
• Boycott of foreign cloth and liquor
• Flood relief
Concluding Remarks (�नष्कषर्)

• National education benefitted the urban and lower middle classes .

• Economic grievances (आ�थर्क �शकायत�) of the landless and agricultural
labourers comprising mostly the untouchables (अस्पश्ृ य).
• Although the Swarajists and the No-changers worked in their
separate ways, they kept on best of terms with one another.
Emergence of New Forces (नई ताकत� का उदय)

Spread of
Activism of Peasants’
Marxist and
Indian Youth Agitations(आंदोलन)
Socialist Ideas

Growth of
Caste
Trade
Movements
Unionism
Spread of Marxist and Socialist Ideas (माक्सर्वाद� और
समाजवाद� �वचार� का प्रसार)

• Ideas of Marx and Socialist thinkers (�वचारक�) inspired many groups to

come into existence as socialists and communists (समाजवाद� और
कम्य�ु नस्ट).

• Rise of a left wing (वामपंथ) within the Congress, represented by

Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose.
• The younger nationalist ु ा राष्ट्रवाद�):
(यव

• Were critical of both Swarajists and No-Changers.

• Slogan for purna swaraj (पूणर् स्वराज्य).

• Stressed the need to combine nationalism and anti-

imperialism(साम्राज्यवाद �वरोधी) with social justice.
Event associated with socialists and communists
(समाजवा�दय� और कम्यु�नस्ट� से जुड़ी घटनाएँ)

• Communist Party of India (भारतीय कम्य�ु नस्ट पाट�).

• Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case (कानपरु बोल्शे�वक षडयंत्र केस).

• Indian Communist Conference (भारतीय कम्यु�नस्ट सम्मेलन).

• Meerut conspiracy case (मेरठ षडयंत्र मामला).

Activism of Indian Youth (भारतीय युवाओं क� स�क्रयता)

• Students’ leagues were being established.

• All Bengal Students’ Conference (अ�खल बंगाल छात्र सम्मेलन) was held
in 1928.

Peasants’ Agitations (�कसान� का आंदोलन)

• Peasant agitations in the United Provinces (संयक्

ु त प्रांत).
• Peasant uprisings occurred (�कसान �वद्रोह हुए) in the Andhra Rampa
region, Rajasthan, and the ryotwari areas
• Vallabhbhai Patel led the Bardoli Satyagraha(बारदोल� सत्याग्रह) in
Gujarat (1928).
Growth of Trade Unionism (व्यापार संघवाद का �वकास)

• The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), 1920.

• Its first president was Lala Lajpat Rai.
• During the 1920s, major strikes occurred at many place.
• In 1923, the first May Day (मजदरू �दवस) was celebrated in India in
Madras.
Caste Movements (जा�त आंदोलन)

• Justice Party (जिस्टस पाट�) (Madras)

• Self-respect movement (स्वा�भमान आंदोलन) (1925)
• Satyashodhak activists (सत्यशोधक कायर्कतार्) in Satara (Maharashtra)
• Bhaskar Rao Jadhav (Maharashtra)
• Mahars (महार) under Ambedkar (Maharashtra)
• Kerala's radical Ezhavas (कट्टरपंथी एझावा)
• Yadavs in Bihar seek social advancement
• Unionist Party led by Fazl-i-Hussain (Punjab)
Revolutionary Activity during the 1920s
(1920 के दशक के दौरान क्रां�तकार� ग�त�व�ध)

• After the sudden withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement

(असहयोग आंदोलन),

• Revolutionaries (क्रां�तका�रय�) began to question the basic strategy of

nationalist leadership and its emphasis on non-violent movement.
• They began to look for alternatives.
Revolutionary Activities in Punjab-United Provinces-
Bihar (पंजाब-संयक्
ु त प्रांत-�बहार म� क्रां�तकार� ग�त�व�धयाँ)

• Formation of Hindustan Republican Association/Army (HRA)

(�हंदस्
ु तान �रपिब्लकन एसो�सएशन).

• Kakori Robbery (काकोर� डकैती) (August 1925).

• Saunders’ Murder (सॉन्डसर् क� हत्या).

• Bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly (स�ट्रल लेिजस्ले�टव अस�बल� म�

बम कांड).

• Blowing up Viceroy Irwin’s train (वायसराय इर�वन क� ट्रे न को �नशाना बनाना).

Government’s action against the Revolutionaries
(क्रां�तका�रय� के �खलाफ सरकार क� कारर् वाई)

• Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were tried in the Lahore

conspiracy case (लाहौर षड्यंत्र केस).
• Chandra Shekhar Azad died in a police encounter in February 1931.
• Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged on March 23, 1931
Revolutionary Activities in Bengal
(बंगाल म� क्रां�तकार� ग�त�व�धयाँ)

After C R Das’s death (1925), the Bengal Congress broke up into two
factions.
• One was led by J.M. Sengupta
• Other was led by Subhash Chandra Bose.
Actions of the reorganised groups
(पन
ु गर्�ठत समह
ू � के कायर्)

• Calcutta (कलक�ा):
• Assassination attempt was made on the Calcutta Police
Commissioner, Charles Tegart by Gopinath Saha in 1924.

• Chittagong Armoury Raid (चटगाँव शस्त्रागार छापा) (April 1930):

• Surya Sen and his associates organised an armed rebellion. They

intended to seize and supply arms to the revolutionaries by
occupying two major armories in Chittagong.
Significant aspects of Revolutionary Movement in Bengal
(बंगाल म� क्रां�तकार� आंदोलन के महत्वपण
ू र् पहल)ू

• Participation of young women (युवा म�हलाओं क� भागीदार�)

• Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Dutt, Santi Ghosh, Suniti Chandheri

and Bina Das.
• Emphasis on group action (सामू�हक कारर् वाई पर जोर)

• Aimed at organs of the colonial State, instead of individual action.

• Religion centric actions were avoided (धमर् क��द्रत काय� से दरू �).
Drawbacks of Revolutionary movement in Bengal
(बंगाल म� क्रां�तकार� आंदोलन क� क�मयाँ)

• The movement retained some conservative elements (रू�ढ़वाद� तत्व�).

• It failed to evolve broader socio-economic goals.

• Those working with Swarajists failed to support the cause of Muslim
peasantry against zamindars in Bengal.
Ideological Rethinking in Revolutionaries
(क्रां�तका�रय� म� वैचा�रक पन
ु �वर्चार)

In late 1920s, Revolutionaries had started moving away from individual

heroic action and violence towards mass politics.
• Ramprasad Bismil appealed to the youth to give up pistols and
revolvers.
• Bhagat Singh moved away from a belief in violent and individual
heroic action to Marxism.
• Naujawan Bharat Sabha (नौजवान भारत सभा) (1926)
• Bhagat Singh and his comrades, revolution meant the development
and organization of a mass movement.
Practice Question (अभ्यास प्रश्न)

1. Who was/were the 'Swarajists'?

1) M.A. Ansari
2) Motilal Nehru
3) C.R. Das
4) Ajmal Khan
Select the correct answer using the code provided below:
(a)1 and 2 only
(b)2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d)1, 2, 3 and 4
Practice Question (अभ्यास प्रश्न)

1. Who was/were the 'Swarajists'?

1) M.A. Ansari
2) Motilal Nehru
3) C.R. Das
4) Ajmal Khan
Select the correct answer using the code provided below:
(a)1 and 2 only
(b)2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d)1, 2, 3 and 4
Practice Question (अभ्यास प्रश्न)

2. Consider the following statements about the ideologies (�वचारधाराओं)

of "no-changers" in modern Indian history:
1) The 'No-changers' opposed council entry.
2) They advocated for a focus on constructive work and the
continuation of the boycott and noncooperation.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d)Neither 1 nor 2
Practice Question (अभ्यास प्रश्न)

2. Consider the following statements about the ideologies of "no-

changers" in modern Indian history:
1) The 'No-changers' opposed council entry.
2) They advocated for a focus on constructive work and the
continuation of the boycott and noncooperation.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d)Neither 1 nor 2
Previous year Question (Chapter 13)
[�पछले वषर् के प्रश्न (अध्याय 13)]

1. The Montague-Chelmsford (म�टे ग्य-ू चेम्सफोडर्) Proposals were related

to: (UPSC 2016)
a) Social reforms
b) Education reforms
c) Reforms in public administration
d) Constitutional reforms
Previous year Question (Chapter 13)

1. The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to: (UPSC 2016)

a) Social reforms
b) Education reforms
c) Reforms in public administration
d) Constitutional reforms
Previous year Question (Chapter 13)

2. The Government of India Act of 1919 clearly defined (UPSC 2015)

a) The separation of power between the judiciary and the
legislature
b) The jurisdiction (�ेत्रा�धकार) of the central and provincial
governments
c) The powers of the Secretary of State for India and the Viceroy
d) None of the above
Previous year Question (Chapter 13)

2. The Government of India Act of 1919 clearly defined (UPSC 2015)

a) The separation of power between the judiciary and the
legislature
b) The jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments
c) The powers of the Secretary of State for India and the Viceroy
d) None of the above
Previous year Question (Chapter 13)
3. Which of the following is/are the principal feature(s) of the
Government of India Act, 1919? (UPSC 2012)
1. Introduction of diarchy (द्वैध-शासन) in the executive government
of the provinces
2. Introduction of separate communal electorates (पथ
ृ क सांप्रदा�यक
�नवार्चक मण्डल) for Muslims

3. Devolution (हस्तांतरण) of legislative authority by the centre to the

provinces
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
Previous year Question (Chapter 13)
3. Which of the following is/are the principal feature(s) of the
Government of India Act, 1919? (UPSC 2012)
1. Introduction of dyarchy in the executive government of the
provinces
2. Introduction of separate communal electorates for Muslims
3. Devolution of legislative authority by the centre to the provinces
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 & 3
Previous year Question (Chapter 13)

4. In the context of Indian history, the principle of `Dyarchy (diarchy)’

refers to (UPSC 2017)
a) Division of the central legislature into two houses.
b) Introduction of double government i.e., Central and State
governments.
c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi.
d) Division of the subjects delegated (प्रत्यायोिजत) to the provinces
into two categories.
Previous year Question (Chapter 13)

4. In the context of Indian history, the principle of `Dyarchy (diarchy)’

refers to (UPSC 2017)
a) Division of the central legislature into two houses.
b) Introduction of double government i.e., Central and State
governments.
c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi.
d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two
categories.
Thank you
 Non Cooperation Khilafat
Movement

Introduction

Nations
International Rise in national sentiments

powers

Economic Hardship

Domestic
1 Heat hearted constitutional
development reforms

Rowlatt art and Tallianwala

Massacre
O
I du Muslim unity
191 Goff Indian

London India

Monarch
t fiery
Executive Imperial
Parfament gang 4 Leg council
Secretary of
State for India
y
Exeae Council Provincial
Council
leg

Province

1 Intro Dyarchy
Dual Rull
subjected divided

Central Provincial
 I t
Viceroy Governor

Iovine
communication Local
govt
Finance
t t
Governor t Elected
govt
Executive council From legislative
Council

ItEntiguad Bicameralism
I
Hong

upper Lower

Element of Election
members Elected Nominated
3
Separate Electorate
Extended Christians Sikhs
Anglo Indians

4 Office of Commissioner
High

Backgroundl

upsetsetions

ITaoderates
wanted productive representation
in executive council
Extremist No swaraj given in 1919 At

2 General
people Tallianwala bagh event

3 Muslims

Calif
KE Title
Mecca and Madina
Protector of Islamic religion

supreme authority
 Wdwar I t 1914 1919

I
Axiforces
Illinois Germany
Usa Turks

1921 Treaty severes

gf
AbolishedKhalifa
Ottoman Turks
Family
to 1541 1920
1
Indian Muslims upset
Before war British had promised Khalifa
will remain

EropatIornem
o

Knight msn.tn Brother

Is Malina Azad
Is Ajmal Khan
 campaign
Muslim
I Protest

Nov 1919 All India Khilafat conference

t
President N K Gandhi

aaneanton Satyagraha
operation
Giving up titles

Ing 192
Tilak died
No strong leadership in INC

MF Tilak swaraj Fund Ker

Sept Ine special session

chair L Lajpatrai
Nem movement
Inf Accepted
Dec1920 Annual Congress session
Nagpursession

Proposal
constitution Inc goal swaraj through
peaceful and legitimate means

Congress working committee 15 members

Handle day today activity
Executive body

Provincial congress committee

on
Linguistic basis
Regional committees

toursefovement
Gandhi Nationwide tour

Students left schoolsand colleges

govt
Swadeshi Gujrat Vidyapith
Institutes to Bihar vidyapith
Jamia Millia Islamia
Kashi vidyapith
 cy

Lawyers left practice

C R Das Motilal Nehru Rajendra Prasad etc

WTMpigating 4
shop selling Foreign cloth
liquor

Muslims resigned from Army

Etr
o
Congress volunteer crops declared illegal

Important leaders sent to jail

0
Public meetings banned

o
Press censured
 Awadh Kisan Movement

Eka movement oppression by

Locastruggle TheKedar

Mopila Rebellion Malabar

Defiance of forest laws

chaun chaura
EF1922 police open Fired
22
police burnt alive

Gandhi suspended movement

12thFet
Bare solution

Inc officially ended movement

fanion
opposed
c r Das Afif Gandhi and
Motilal Nehru tried on sedition
 fwithdrawat
Ceasond
I Khilafat question died down
6 1922 Mustafa Kamal Pasha
Turkey
I
Made Turkey secular state
t
Khalifa question died down
1
Muslims lost their reason

2 Movement shown sign of fatigue

3 People not fully understood method of

non violence

4
Britton back in India after end
of world war

5 Resignation from jobs was not sustainable

for long period
 FEMI
Limited response
A
Middle
Call of resignation not
taken seriously

Benirited from boycott of

Business class
p
foreign goods
remain sceptical about labour
unrest

Mass participation
A
Peasantry simultaneous
peasant movements

contribution Tilak Swaraj fund

o
r
wont
4 picketing of shop

Muslims
Mass participation
 Evaluation
1 Urban Muslim became part of national movement

2 Communalisation of National politics

3
Spirit of nationalist sentiment spread across
the country

4 Myths of colonial rule was diminished

economic critique
by moderate nationalists
Satyagraha through mass struggle

5 Boosted the confidence of Indian masses

 1922 1928

12thff 1922 withdrawal of Non cooperation

Movement

Individed

Swaraj is changers
Pro changers

o old yards Loyalist to Gandhi

CR Das Sardar patel
L Lajpat Rai Rajendra prasad
Motilal Nehru
Co
operation with continue Non cooperation
gout
Participation in election constructive work
Council volunteers
entry
Expose Fundamental Libraries schools
flaws in legislation Is Khadi promotion
 1921 Gaya session
C R Das
president
t
Swarajist proposal rejected

311922 1Jan1923_

All India Congress Khilafat Swarajist party

C R Das 1st president
Motilal Nehru 1st secretary

frguments
Nochangers
Swarajist

Fill temporary political o

Parliament entry lead
void to
o council used for political Neglect constructive
struggle
Non cooperation would
I work
1s Political corruption
continued in Congress Is Loss of
revolutionary
zeal
1921 Belguamfession
Gandhi reached
compromise

swaraj ist allowed to contest election

exploitation self interest

jI
demanded I 4 obstruct work in
self gout council

EstEEicand
won 44141 elected seats
clear majority
I out voted government several times

2 Powerful speeches on self

govt
3 1925 Vithabhai Patel elected as
speaker

4 1928 defeated Public safety Bill

5 Exposed hollowness of Montford scheme

Effed
1 Risingcommunalpolitic

After death of CR Das

L
Lajpat Rai Responsive't
Malviya
y t
co operation with British
for Hindu cause
Muslim leaders went towards Muslim
League

2 Internal division
Responsivist and non responsivist

3 Death of C R Das

4 Lacked policy of coordination

 I

5 Failed to pursue policy of constant

continuous uniform obstruction

Etna
Aim constructive programme
p Connect with masses

1 Use of Khadi and charkha popularised

2 National schools and colleges set

up
3 Promote Hindu Muslim unity

4 Removing untouchability

5 Boycott Foreign cloth and liquor

6 Flood relief