Occupational structure of Tribals:-

# 1. Introduction:-

With several indigenous populations residing in different parts of the nation for
countless years, India's tribes have a long and diversified history. The tribes of
India reside in the rural, forested, and geographically remote areas known as the
rural areas. They go by several titles, such as the forest and hill people, the
original inhabitants, and so on. India has the second-largest number of tribal
people worldwide. The tribal populations spread out around the nation have rich
traditions, cultures, and heritages as well as distinctive lifestyles and customs.
The common names include
➢ "Vanya Jati" (forest estate),
➢ "Vanvasi" (forest inhabitants),
➢ "Pahari" (hill people),
➢ "Adim Jati" (original communities),
➢ "Adivasi" (first settlers),
➢ "Jan Jati" (folk people),
➢ "Anusuchit Janjati" (scheduled tribes), and so forth.

Scheduled Tribes are the groups that are designated in accordance with Article
342 of the Indian Constitution, as stated in Section 366 of that document.
There are around 705 ethnic groups officially recognized as listed lines in this
nation. According to the 2011 census, scheduled tribes make up 8.6 percent of
India's overall population.
# 2. Tribes of Madhya Pradesh Overview

The term Adivasi also applies to indigenous people of this area.

Madhya Pradesh has the highest Scheduled tribe population in India. It
has further than1.6 crore Schedule Tribe population which constitutes 21% of
state population. In Madhya Pradesh, which was originally known as Special
Primitive Tribal, there are 46 recognized Scheduled Tribes, three of which have
been designated as "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups" (PTGs). Tribal
peoples live on the slopes of the mountains in this area, which is bordered to the
north by the Narmada River and to the southeast by the Godavari River.
2.1 Madhya Pradesh Tribes' Demographic Characteristics:-
The number of scheduled tribes is 1,53,16,784, which represents 13.57% of all
American Indians and 21.1% of the state's total population.
The Bhil are the largest tribal tribe, followed by the Gond and the Kol.
The scheduled tribe's decadal population growth rate is 25.2%.
The Pardhan tribe (a sub-tribe of the Gond) is thought to be the most literate
tribe, with a literacy rate of 50.6% in the scheduled tribe.
The scheduled tribe has 975 females for every 1,000 males in terms of sex ratio.

2.3 Territorial Distribution of Tribes Of Madhya Pradesh

Region Tribes Districts

North-East Kols, Madiya, Agariya, Panika, Shahdol, Sidhi, Jabalpur, Rewa, Satna
MP Khairwar

Southern MP Gond, Bhariya, Baiga, Madiya, Mandla, Balaghat, Seoni, Chhindwara, Betul,
Halba Hoshangabad

Western MP Bhil, Bhilala Khandwa, Khargone, Jhabua, Ratlam, Dhar,

Alirajpur

Central MP Gond, Korku Betul, Hoshangabad, Jabalpur, Harda,

Narsinghpur, Raisen

North-West Sahariya, Saur Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Shivpuri, Tikamgarh,

MP Chhatarpur, Sagar
2.4 Major Tribes of Madhya Pradesh :-
Let's talk about the key tribes in Madhya Pradesh.

# Bhil
The Dravidian term Billa or Bil, which signifies Bow (Dhanush), is whence the
word "Bhil" first appeared.
In both India and Madhya Pradesh, Bhils are the largest tribe.
According to the 2011 census, there are 4,61,80,68 members of the Bhil tribe
living in Madhya Pradesh, making up 37.7% of the state's whole Scheduled
Tribal population.
Geographic Distribution
Bhil tribe is majorly concentrated in the Western part of Madhya Pradesh in the
Dhar, Alirajpur, Jhabua, Khargone, and Barwani districts.

Sub-Tribes
Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Pataliya, Rathiya, Begas.
Cultural

o Dialect- Bhili is the dialect influenced by Sanskrit, Rajasthani, and

Marathi.
o House- Group of Houses of Bhil is called ‘Falya’.
o Festivals- Gal, Bhagoriya, Nabai, Chalawani, Jatra, and Hindu festivals..
o Marriage- Apaharan, Bhai-Bhai, Natra, Ghar Jamai, Bride Price(Depa
System), etc
o Dress- Traditionally men wear Turban (Pagri), Angarakha (Kurta), Dhoti
(Gamcha), and female wear Sari, Choli and Ghagra.
o Folk Painting- Pithaura painting is world famous folk painting of the Bhil
Tribe. Pema Fatya and Bhuri Bai are famous painters.
o Alcohol is also consumed by them known as Tadi.
o Dances- Bhagoriya, Doha, Badwa, Dhoomar, Gauri
o Music- Bhils are experts in playing Flutes.
 # Gond
According to scholars, the term "Gond" comes from the word "Konda," which
meaning "Hill." The Gond tribe refers to itself as ae Koitur. In Madhya
Pradesh, the Gonds are the second most numerous tribe. The Gond tribe is the
only one in Madhya Pradesh that is represented in every district.
Origin
The Gond Tribe is of Dravidian descent.
Geographical Spread
The Vindhya and Satpura Mountain areas of Madhya Pradesh's Narmada Valley
are home to the majority of the world's gonds.
Many Gonds live in the districts of Betul, Chhindwara, Hoshangabad, Balaghat,
Shahdol, Mandala, Sagar, and Damoh.
Sub-Tribes
Work as ironsmiths, Agariya
Pradhans serve in the clergy.
Ojha- work as academicians and tantrics
Work as a carpenter for Solhas.
Culture
They communicate using the Gondi dialect.
cuisine: Pej is a staple cuisine. Marriage: Pathaoni, Doodh-Lautawa, Chadh, and
Lamsena marriages are significant wedding rituals.
Festivals:
Bakpanthi, Cherta, Navkhani, Madayi, Hardili, Bidri, Karma, Madayi, and
Meghnad. The main Gondi folk dances include Saila, Karma, Bhadauni, Bircha,
Kahrawa, Sajni, Sua, and Deewani.
Religious Content
Important folk deities include Thakurdev, Matabai, Badheshwar, Khairmata,
Surajdev, and Dulhadev. Gond practices burial and burning of the corpses as
part of funeral rites.
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF TRIBAL POPULATION
(A study on Lalpur village Gram panchayat, Pushprajgarh Tehsil in Anuppur
District of M.P).
Anuppur is a district with many different civilizations and several coexisting
tribal communities. The tribal tribes are diverse in terms of their culture,
ethnicity, language, tradition, religious beliefs, and occupational practices, but
they all adhere to the principle that Mother Nature is the source of their
livelihood, culture, beliefs, and traditions.
The indigenous people are much more susceptible since they follow their own
unique system of laws, religious beliefs, and economic practices. There are
more tribal communities that are more vulnerable, economically disadvantaged,
socially backward, and geographically secluded.
These have engaged in primitive agriculture and have seen population decline,
economic hardship, low literacy rates, poor health, and substandard living
circumstances.
It is believed that tribal people used indigenous way of livelihood and their
occupation is primary. This study wants to find out the present scenario of tribal
workforce and how much the tribal communities of Lalpur village is different
from each other in terms of workforce.

Lalpur Village Details

Lalpur village's location code or village code is 502164, according to Census

2011 data. The Indian state of Madhya Pradesh's Pushparajgarh tehsil is home to
the hamlet of Lalpur. It is located 60 kilometres from the district headquarters in
Anuppur and 35 km from the sub-district headquarters in Pushparajgarh
(tehsildar office). According to data from 2009, Lalpur Village also has a gram
panchayat.
Population:-
Census Parameter Census Data

Total Population 1473

Total No of Houses 329

Female Population % 48.8 % ( 719)

Total Literacy rate % 45.8 % ( 674)

Female Literacy rate 17.9 % ( 264)

Scheduled Tribes Population % 91.1 % ( 1342)

Scheduled Caste Population % 0.9 % ( 13)

Working Population % 61.6 %

Child(0 -6) Population by 2011 248

Girl Child(0 -6) Population % by 2011 46.4 % ( 115)

1. Agriculture: Agriculture is one of the primary occupations of tribal

communities in Lalpur. Many tribal people practice subsistence farming,
growing crops such as rice, millets, pulses, and vegetables for their own
consumption. They often use traditional farming methods and depend on
monsoon rains for irrigation.

2. Forest-based Livelihoods: Given their close proximity to forests, many

tribal communities in Lalpur rely on forest-based livelihoods. They
engage in activities like collecting minor forest produce (MFP) such as
herbs, medicinal plants, honey, and wild fruits. They also participate in
hunting and fishing (though these activities are regulated to protect
wildlife).
 3. Livestock Rearing: Animal husbandry is another common occupation
among tribal communities. They rear cattle, buffaloes, goats, and sheep
for dairy products, meat, and other by-products.

4. Handicrafts and Artisanal Work: Lalpur tribal communities have a

rich tradition of handicrafts and artisanal work. They are skilled in
crafting items like pottery, bamboo products, tribal paintings, metalwork,
and traditional textiles. These crafts often have cultural and religious
significance.

5. Collection and Sale of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs): Apart

from subsistence forest-based activities, some tribal communities also
engage in collecting and selling non-timber forest products like tendu
leaves (used in making bidis), mahua flowers (used to make liquor), and
sal seeds.

6. Seasonal Migration and Wage Labor: In some regions, tribal

communities practice seasonal migration, where they move to other areas
to work as wage laborers in agricultural fields or construction sites. This
helps them supplement their income during lean agricultural periods.

7. Art and Music: Traditional art forms, music, and dance are significant
aspects of tribal life in Lalpur. Some talented tribal members may earn a
livelihood by performing at cultural events or selling their artwork.

It's significant to note that depending on their particular ethnic group,

geographic location, and socioeconomic variables, tribal groups' occupational
structures might differ significantly. In the long run, government policies,
urbanization, and modernization initiatives may also have an impact on their
livelihood choices.
CONCLUSION
Most of the tribal residents of Lalpur make a living as farmers, and just a small
number of individuals work in domestic industries. The bulk of the working
population in tribal villages belonging to the Lalpur area falls into the other
workers group, with the main worker category accounting for a greater
percentage.The labor market is significantly dominated by marginal employees,
who are also experiencing rapid population increase. The majority of the
growing labor force is employed in part-time jobs.
In order to obtain the most recent knowledge of the current occupational
structure of tribal people in Madhya Pradesh, it is advisable to check more
recent sources rather than relying on the information presented here, which may
be out-of-date.

REFERENCES:-

1. Oxford English Dictionary. 2021. Tribes.

Availableathttp://www.oxforddictionaries.com/de finition/english/tribe
(last accessed 12 March 2021).
2. EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD)
Volume: 6 | Issue: 9 | September 2021 - Peer Reviewed Journal
3. Dr. Santanu Sahu. Demographic Trends and Occupational Structure of
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of Jharkhand. Int. J. Rev. and Res.
Social Sci. 2019; 7(2): 316-322. doi: 10.5958/2454-2687.2019.00021.2
4. https://anuppur.nic.in/en/
5. https://villageinfo.in/madhya-pradesh/anuppur/pushparajgarh/lalpur
6. Journal of Tribal, Folk and Subaltern Studies
(An International Peer Reviewed Refereed Research Journal, ISSN-
23494743) A UGC Approved Research Journal
Serial No.: 815, Journal No.: 64547
7. https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Tribal-Development/publications
8. Government of India. 1991. The Constitution (Schedule Tribes) order
(Amendment), Act 1991, No. 36 of 1991. New Delhi: Ministry of Law,
Justice and Company Affairs.