CE ELECT 3S

Earthquake Engineering

Module 3.0
Horizontal Distribution of Force
Horizontal Distribution of Shear
Topic Outline
 Review of NSCP 2015 Provisions
 Overview of Diaphragms
 Horizontal Distribution of Shear
 SEAOC Recommendation (Simplified Method)
Section 208.5.1.3 Horizontal Distribution of Shear
The design story shear, Vx, in any story is the sum of the forces Ft and
Fx above that story. Vx shall be distributed to the various elements of the
vertical lateral force-resisting system in proportion to their rigidities,
considering the rigidity of the diaphragm. See Section 208.7.2.3 for rigid
elements that are not intended to be part of the lateral force-resisting systems.
Where diaphragms are not flexible, the mass at each level shall be
assumed to be displaced from the calculated center of mass in each
direction a distance equal to 5 percent of the building dimension at that
level perpendicular to the direction of the force under consideration. The
effect of this displacement on the story shear distribution shall be
considered.
Diaphragms shall be considered flexible for the purposes of distribution of
story shear and torsional moment when the maximum lateral deformation of
the diaphragm is more than two times the average story drift of the associated
story. This may be determined by comparing the midpoint in-plane deflection
of the diaphragm itself under lateral load with the story drift of adjoining
vertical-resisting elements under equivalent tributary lateral load.
Section 208.5.1.4 Horizontal Torsional Moments
Provisions shall be made for the increased shears resulting from horizontal
torsion when diaphragms are not flexible. The most severe load combination
for each element shall be considered for design.
The torsional design moment at a given story shall be the moment
resulting from eccentricities between applied design lateral forces at
levels above that story and the vertical-resisting elements in that story
plus an accidental torsion.
The accidental torsional moment shall be determined by assuming the mass is
displaced as required by Section 208.5.1.3.
Section 208.5.1.4 Horizontal Torsional Moments
Where torsional irregularity exists, as defined in Table 208-10, the effects shall
be accounted for by increasing the accidental torsion at each level by an
amplification factor, Ax, determined from the following equation:
𝟐
𝐦𝐚𝐱
𝐱
𝐚𝐯𝐠

where:
δavg = the average of the displacements at the extreme points of the
structure at Level x, mm
δmax = the maximum displacement at Level x, mm

The value of Ax need not exceed 3.0.

Diaphragms
A diaphragm is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral
forces to the vertical resisting elements. This includes horizontal bracing systems.
 Flexible Diaphragm
• distributed to shear walls based on the tributary area (common for wood frame)
• The maximum lateral deformation of the diaphragm is more than two times the
average story drift of the associated story. This may be determined by
comparing the computed midpoint in-plane deflection of the diaphragm itself
under lateral load with the story drift of adjoining vertical-resisting elements
under equivalent lateral load.
 Rigid Diaphragm
• distributed to shear walls based on relative wall stiffness
 Semi-Rigid
• load is distributed to shear walls based on the relative stiffness of shear walls
and diaphragm
Concrete slabs are considered as rigid diaphragm unless it has a highly
irregular shape and/or has large openings (Fanella, 1998).
Lateral Forces of Elements/Frames
In the horizontal distribution of the lateral forces and torsional moments, two cases
are assumed. First, the shear is applied to the center of rigidity horizontally (E-W
direction). Second, the shear force is applied parallel to the vertical axis (N-S)
direction.
 Case 1: When Vx is acting:
𝐱𝐢 𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐱𝐢 𝐱 𝐳𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐩
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐲𝐢 𝐳𝐱
𝐩

 Case 2: When Vy is acting:

𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐱𝐢 𝐳𝐲
𝐩
𝐲𝐢 𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐲𝐢 𝐱 𝐳𝐲
𝐲𝐢 𝐩
Sample Problem
From the previous problem, distribute the lateral force on each frame on the
third level. The lateral force at each level is given in the figure below.
Sample Problem
From the previous problem:

etx= 1.4782 m
ety= 0.6893 m
Jp= 0.7321
Solution Case 1: When Vx is acting
Vx = 207.18 KN
 @ the 3rd Story: ety= 0.6893 m
Mzx= Vx x ety= 142.81 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321
 Case 1: When Vx is acting
Solution Vx = 207.18 KN
𝐱𝐢
𝐱𝐢
𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐩
ety= 0.6893 m
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
Mtx= Vx x ety= 142.809 KN.m 𝐲𝐢 𝐳𝐱
Jp= 0.7321 𝐩

𝑅𝑥 𝑦 𝑅𝑥
Element Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉
∑ 𝑅𝑥
𝑀
𝐽 Vxi Vyi
1 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 5.25930 23.0200 1.3852 24.4052 -3.5102
2 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 5.25930 15.3467 0.9235 16.2701 -0.2279
3 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 5.25930 15.3467 0.9235 16.2701 0.4744
4 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 5.25930 23.0200 1.3852 24.4052 3.1778
5 0.00090 0.00090 -6.29820 -0.74070 15.3467 -0.1301 15.2166 -1.1059
6 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -0.74070 15.3467 -0.1301 15.2166 -0.2279
7 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 -0.74070 15.3467 -0.1301 15.2166 0.4744
8 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 -0.74070 23.0200 -0.1951 22.8249 3.1778
9 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 -5.74070 23.0200 -1.5120 21.5080 -3.5102
10 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -5.74070 15.3467 -1.0080 14.3387 -0.2279
11 0.00286 0.00135 2.70180 -5.74070 23.0200 -1.5120 21.5080 1.5058
∑ 0.01215
Solution Case 2: When Vy is acting
Vy = 207.18 KN
 @ the 3rd Story: etx= 1.4278 m
Mzy= Vx x ety= 295.82 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321
 Case 2: When Vy is acting
Solution Vy = 207.18 KN 𝐲𝐢
𝐲𝐢

𝐲𝐢
𝐲
𝐲𝐢 𝐢

𝐩
𝐳𝐲

etx= 1.4278 m
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
Mzy= Vx x ety= 295.82 KN.m 𝐱𝐢 𝐳𝐲
𝐩
Jp= 0.7321

𝑅 𝑥𝑅
Element Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉
∑𝑅
𝑀
𝐽 Vxi Vyi
1 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 5.25930 30.0684 -7.2712 2.8694 22.7972
2 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 5.25930 9.4730 -0.4722 1.9129 9.0008
3 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 5.25930 9.4730 0.9827 1.9129 10.4557
4 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 5.25930 30.0684 6.5827 2.8694 36.6510
5 0.00090 0.00090 -6.29820 -0.74070 9.4730 -2.2908 -0.2694 7.1822
6 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -0.74070 9.4730 -0.4722 -0.2694 9.0008
7 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 -0.74070 9.4730 0.9827 -0.2694 10.4557
8 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 -0.74070 30.0684 6.5827 -0.4041 36.6510
9 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 -5.74070 30.0684 -7.2712 -3.1320 22.7972
10 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -5.74070 9.4730 -0.4722 -2.0880 9.0008
11 0.00286 0.00135 2.70180 -5.74070 30.0684 3.1192 -3.1320 33.1876
∑ 0.01969 0.000 207.180
Solution Case 1: When Vx is acting
Vx = 385.9 KN
 @ the 2nd Story:
ety= 0.6893 m
Mzx= Vx x ety= 266 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321
Solution Case 1: When Vx is acting
Vx = 385.9 KN
𝐱𝐢
𝐱𝐢
𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐩
ety= 0.6893 m
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
Mzx= Vx x ety= 266 KN.m 𝐲𝐢 𝐳𝐱
Jp= 0.7321 𝐩

𝑅 𝑦𝑅
Element Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉
∑𝑅
𝑀
𝐽 Vxi Vyi
1 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 5.25930 42.8778 2.5801 45.4579 -9.4853
2 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 5.25930 28.5852 1.7201 30.3053 -0.6160
3 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 5.25930 28.5852 1.7201 30.3053 1.2819
4 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 5.25930 42.8778 2.5801 45.4579 8.5871
5 0.00090 0.00090 -6.29820 -0.74070 28.5852 -0.2423 28.3429 -2.9883
6 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -0.74070 28.5852 -0.2423 28.3429 -0.6160
7 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 -0.74070 28.5852 -0.2423 28.3429 1.2819
8 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 -0.74070 42.8778 -0.3634 42.5144 8.5871
9 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 -5.74070 42.8778 -2.8163 40.0615 -9.4853
10 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -5.74070 28.5852 -1.8775 26.7077 -0.6160
11 0.00286 0.00135 2.70180 -5.74070 42.8778 -2.8163 40.0615 4.0690
∑ 0.01215 385.900 0.000
Solution Case 2: When Vy is acting
Vy = 385.9 KN
 @ the 2nd Story: etx= 1.42782 m
Mzy= Vx x ety= 551 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321
 Case 2: When Vy is acting
Solution Vy = 385.9 KN 𝐲𝐢
𝐲𝐢
𝐲
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐲
𝐲𝐢 𝐩
etx= 1.42782 m
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
Mzy= Vx x ety = 551 KN.m 𝐱𝐢 𝐳𝐲
Jp= 0.7321 𝐩

𝑅 𝑥𝑅
Element Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉 𝑀 Vxi Vyi
∑𝑅 𝐽
1 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 5.25930 56.0063 -13.5435 5.3445 42.4628
2 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 5.25930 17.6447 -0.8795 3.5630 16.7652
3 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 5.25930 17.6447 1.8304 3.5630 19.4751
4 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 5.25930 56.0063 12.2610 5.3445 68.2673
5 0.00090 0.00090 -6.29820 -0.74070 17.6447 -4.2669 -0.5018 13.3779
6 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -0.74070 17.6447 -0.8795 -0.5018 16.7652
7 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 -0.74070 17.6447 1.8304 -0.5018 19.4751
8 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 -0.74070 56.0063 12.2610 -0.7527 68.2673
9 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 -5.74070 56.0063 -13.5435 -5.8337 42.4628
10 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -5.74070 17.6447 -0.8795 -3.8892 16.7652
11 0.00286 0.00135 2.70180 -5.74070 56.0063 5.8099 -5.8337 61.8162
∑ 0.01969 0.000 385.900
Solution Case 1: When Vx is acting
Vx = 475.26 KN
 @ the 1st Story: ety= 0.6893 m
Mzx= Vx x ety= 327.6 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321
 Case 1: When Vx is acting
Solution Vx = 475.26 KN 𝐱𝐢
𝐱𝐢
𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐩
ety= 0.6893 m
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
Mzx= Vx x ety= 327.6 KN.m 𝐲𝐢 𝐳𝐱
𝐩
Jp= 0.7321

𝑅 𝑦𝑅
Element Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉
∑𝑅
𝑀
𝐽 Vxi Vyi
1 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 5.25930 52.8067 3.1776 55.9843 -8.0523
2 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 5.25930 35.2044 2.1184 37.3229 -0.5229
3 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 5.25930 35.2044 2.1184 37.3229 1.0883
4 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 5.25930 52.8067 3.1776 55.9843 7.2898
5 0.00090 0.00090 -6.29820 -0.74070 35.2044 -0.2984 34.9061 -2.5369
6 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -0.74070 35.2044 -0.2984 34.9061 -0.5229
7 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 -0.74070 35.2044 -0.2984 34.9061 1.0883
8 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 -0.74070 52.8067 -0.4475 52.3591 7.2898
9 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 -5.74070 52.8067 -3.4685 49.3382 -8.0523
10 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -5.74070 35.2044 -2.3123 32.8921 -0.5229
11 0.00286 0.00135 2.70180 -5.74070 52.8067 -3.4685 49.3382 3.4543
∑ 0.01215 475.260 0.000
Solution Case 2: When Vy is acting
Vy = 475.26 KN
 @ the 1st Story: etx= 1.42782 m
Mzy= Vx x ety= 678.59 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321
 Case 2: When Vy is acting
Solution Vy = 475.26 KN 𝐲𝐢
𝐲𝐢
𝐲
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐲
𝐲𝐢 𝐩
etx= 1.42782 m
Mzy= Vx x ety= 678.59 KN.m 𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐱𝐢 𝐳𝐲
Jp= 0.7321 𝐩

𝑅 𝑥𝑅
𝑉
Element Ry Rx xi yi ∑𝑅 𝑀
𝐽
Vxi Vyi

1 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 5.25930 68.9753 -16.6796 6.5821 52.2957

2 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 5.25930 21.7306 -1.0832 4.3881 20.6475
3 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 5.25930 21.7306 2.2542 4.3881 23.9848
4 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 5.25930 68.9753 15.1001 6.5821 84.0754
5 0.00090 0.00090 -6.29820 -0.74070 21.7306 -5.2549 -0.6180 16.4757
6 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -0.74070 21.7306 -1.0832 -0.6180 20.6475
7 0.00090 0.00090 2.70180 -0.74070 21.7306 2.2542 -0.6180 23.9848
8 0.00286 0.00135 5.70180 -0.74070 68.9753 15.1001 -0.9270 84.0754
9 0.00286 0.00135 -6.29820 -5.74070 68.9753 -16.6796 -7.1846 52.2957
10 0.00090 0.00090 -1.29820 -5.74070 21.7306 -1.0832 -4.7897 20.6475
11 0.00286 0.00135 2.70180 -5.74070 68.9753 7.1552 -7.1846 76.1305
∑ 0.01969 0.000 475.260
Solution (Frame
Forces Distribution)
Determine Rx, Ry, xi and yi .
𝟔. 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟐 𝐦

FRAMES Ry Rx xi yi

A
B
C

5.7470 𝐦
D
1
2
3
Sum
Solution

Determine Rx, Ry, xi and yi .

𝟔. 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟐 𝐦

FRAMES Ry Rx xi yi

A -6.29820 0.00000
B -1.29820 0.00000
C 2.70180 0.00000

5.7470 𝐦
D 5.70180 0.00000
1 0.00000 -5.74070
2 0.00000 -0.74070
3 0.00000 5.25930
Sum
 Solution
Determine Rx, Ry, xi and yi .

Element Ry Rx 𝟔. 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟐 𝐦
FRAMES Ry Rx
1 0.00286 0.00135
A 0.00661 2 0.00090 0.00090
B 3 0.00090 0.00090
0.00270
4 0.00286 0.00135
C 0.00466 5 0.00090 0.00090
D 0.00571 6 0.00090 0.00090

5.7470 𝐦
1 0.00000 7 0.00090 0.00090
2 8 0.00286 0.00135
0.00000
9 0.00286 0.00135
3 0.00000 10 0.00090 0.00090
Sum 0.01969 11 0.00286 0.00135
 Solution
Determine Rx, Ry, xi and yi .

Element Ry Rx 𝟔. 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟐 𝐦
FRAMES Ry Rx
1 0.00286 0.00135 𝑅 𝑦𝑅
A 0.00661 2 0.00090 0.00090 𝑉 𝑀
∑𝑅 𝐽
B 3 0.00090 0.00090
0.00270
4 0.00286 0.00135
C 0.00466 5 0.00090 0.00090
D 0.00571 6 0.00090 0.00090

5.7470 𝐦
1 0.00000 7 0.00090 0.00090
2 8 0.00286 0.00135
0.00000
9 0.00286 0.00135
3 0.00000 10 0.00090 0.00090
Sum 0.01969 11 0.00286 0.00135
 Solution
Determine Rx, Ry, xi and yi .

Element Ry Rx 𝟔. 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟐 𝐦
FRAMES Ry Rx
1 0.00286 0.00135 𝑅 𝑦𝑅
A 0.00661 0.00000 2 0.00090 0.00090 𝑉 𝑀
∑𝑅 𝐽
B 3 0.00090 0.00090
0.00270 0.00000
4 0.00286 0.00135
C 0.00466 0.00000 5 0.00090 0.00090
D 0.00571 0.00000 6 0.00090 0.00090

5.7470 𝐦
1 0.00000 7 0.00090 0.00090
2 8 0.00286 0.00135
0.00000
9 0.00286 0.00135
3 0.00000 10 0.00090 0.00090
Sum 0.01969 11 0.00286 0.00135
 Solution
Determine Rx, Ry, xi and yi .

Element Ry Rx 𝟔. 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟐 𝐦
FRAMES Ry Rx
1 0.00286 0.00135 𝑅 𝑦𝑅
A 0.00661 0.00000 2 0.00090 0.00090 𝑉 𝑀
∑𝑅 𝐽
B 3 0.00090 0.00090
0.00270 0.00000
4 0.00286 0.00135
C 0.00466 0.00000 5 0.00090 0.00090
D 0.00571 0.00000 6 0.00090 0.00090

5.7470 𝐦
1 0.00000 0.00360 7 0.00090 0.00090
2 8 0.00286 0.00135
0.00000 0.00405
9 0.00286 0.00135
3 0.00000 0.00450 10 0.00090 0.00090
Sum 0.01969 0.01215 11 0.00286 0.00135
Solution
Determine Rx, Ry, xi and yi .

𝟔. 𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟐 𝐦
FRAMES Ry Rx xi yi

A 0.00661 0.00000 -6.29820 0.00000

B 0.00270 0.00000 -1.29820 0.00000
C 0.00466 0.00000 2.70180 0.00000

5.7470 𝐦
D 0.00571 0.00000 5.70180 0.00000
1 0.00000 0.00360 0.00000 -5.74070
2 0.00000 0.00405 0.00000 -0.74070
3 0.00000 0.00450 0.00000 5.25930
Sum 0.01969 0.01215
Solution (Frame Forces Distribution)
 @ the 3rd Story:
Solution Case 1: When Vx is acting
Vx = 207.18 KN
𝐲𝐢
𝐲𝐢 𝐢

𝐩
𝐳𝐱

ety= 0.6893 m
𝐱𝐢 𝐱𝐢 𝐢
Mzx= Vx x ety= 142.81 KN.m 𝐱𝐢 𝐱 𝐳𝐱
Jp= 0.7321 𝐱𝐢 𝐩

FRAMES
FRAMES Ry Ry RRx x xii yiyi 𝑉 ∑
𝑀 Vxi Vxi Vyi Vyi
A A 0.00661
0.006610.00000
0.00000 -6.29820 0.00000
-6.29820 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -8.1263
B B 0.00270
0.002700.00000
0.00000 -1.29820 0.00000
-1.29820 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.6838
C C 0.00466
0.004660.00000
0.00000 2.70180 0.00000
2.70180 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2.4546
D D 0.00571
0.005710.00000
0.00000 5.70180 0.00000
5.70180 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6.3556
1 1 0.00000
0.000000.00360
0.00360 0.00000 -5.74070
0.00000 -5.74070 61.3867 -4.0320 57.3547 0.0000
2 2 0.00000
0.000000.00405
0.00405 0.00000 -0.74070
0.00000 -0.74070 69.0600 -0.5853 68.4747 0.0000
3 3 0.00000
0.000000.00450
0.00450 0.00000 5.25930
0.00000 5.25930 76.7333 4.6174 81.3507 0.0000
SumSum 0.01215
0.01215 207.180 0.000
Solution (Frame Forces Distribution)
 @ the 3rd Story:
 Case 2: When Vy is acting
Solution Vy = 207.18 KN 𝐱𝐢
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐲
𝐩
etx= 1.4278 m
Mzy= Vx x ety= 295.82 KN.m 𝐲𝐢 𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐲𝐢 𝐲 𝐳𝐲
Jp= 0.7321 𝐲𝐢 𝐩

Element Ry
Element RRyx Rx xi xi yi yi 𝑉 ∑
𝑀 Vxi VxiVyi Vyi
A 0.00661 0.00000 -6.29820 0.00000
A 0.00661
B 0.000000.00000
0.00270 -6.29820 0.00000
-1.29820 0.00000 69.6098 -16.8329 0.0000 52.7769
B 0.00270
C 0.000000.00000
0.00466 -1.29820 0.00000
2.70180 0.00000 28.4191 -1.4165 0.0000 27.0025
C D
0.00466 0.00571
0.000000.00000 5.70180
2.70180 0.00000
0.00000 49.0144 5.0845 0.0000 54.0989
1 0.00000 0.00360 0.00000 -5.74070
D 0.00571
2 0.000000.00405
0.00000 5.70180 0.00000
0.00000 -0.74070 60.1368 13.1651 0.0000 73.3019
1 0.00000
3 0.003600.00450
0.00000 0.00000 -5.74070
0.00000 5.25930 0.0000 0.0000 -8.3519 0.0000
2 Sum
0.00000 0.01969
0.00405 0.00000 -0.74070 0.0000 0.0000 -1.2123 0.0000
3 0.00000 0.00450 0.00000 5.25930 0.0000 0.0000 9.5644 0.0000
Sum 0.01969 0.000 207.180
Solution (Frame Forces Distribution)
 @ the 2nd Story:
Solution 𝐱𝐢
𝐱𝐢
𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐱 𝐲𝐢
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐱
Case 1: When Vx is acting 𝐱𝐢 𝐩 𝐩
Vx = 385.9 KN
ety= 0.6893 m
Mzx= Vx x ety= 266 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321

𝑅 𝑦𝑅
FRAMES Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉 𝑀 Vxi Vyi
∑𝑅 𝐽
A 0.00661 0.00000 -6.29820 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -15.1364
B 0.00270 0.00000 -1.29820 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -1.2738
C 0.00466 0.00000 2.70180 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4.5721
D 0.00571 0.00000 5.70180 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 11.8382
1 0.00000 0.00360 0.00000 -5.74070 114.3407 -7.5101 106.8306 0.0000
2 0.00000 0.00405 0.00000 -0.74070 128.6333 -1.0901 127.5432 0.0000
3 0.00000 0.00450 0.00000 5.25930 142.9259 8.6004 151.5264 0.0000
Sum 0.01969 0.01215 385.900 0.000
Solution (Frame Forces Distribution)
 @ the 2nd Story:
Solution 𝐲𝐢
𝐲𝐢
𝐲
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐲 𝐱𝐢
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐲
Case 2: When Vy is acting 𝐲𝐢 𝐩 𝐩
Vy = 385.9 KN
etx= 1.42782 m
Mzy= Vx x ety= 551 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321

𝑅 𝑥𝑅
Element Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉 𝑀 Vxi Vyi
∑𝑅 𝐽
A 0.00661 0.00000 -6.29820 0.00000 129.6574 -31.3535 0.0000 98.3038
B 0.00270 0.00000 -1.29820 0.00000 52.9342 -2.6385 0.0000 50.2958
C 0.00466 0.00000 2.70180 0.00000 91.2958 9.4706 0.0000 100.7664
D 0.00571 0.00000 5.70180 0.00000 112.0126 24.5218 0.0000 136.5344
1 0.00000 0.00360 0.00000 -5.74070 0.0000 0.0000 -15.5565 0.0000
2 0.00000 0.00405 0.00000 -0.74070 0.0000 0.0000 -2.2581 0.0000
3 0.00000 0.00450 0.00000 5.25930 0.0000 0.0000 17.8150 0.0000
Sum 0.01969 0.000 385.900
Solution (Frame Forces Distribution)
 @ the 1st Story:
Solution 𝐱𝐢
𝐱𝐢
𝐱
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐱 𝐲𝐢
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐱
Case 1: When Vx is acting 𝐱𝐢 𝐩 𝐩

Vx = 475.26 KN
ety= 0.6893 m
Mzx= Vx x ety= 327.6 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321

𝑅 𝑦𝑅
FRAMES Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉 𝑀 Vxi Vyi
∑𝑅 𝐽
A 0.00661 0.00000 -6.29820 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -18.6414
B 0.00270 0.00000 -1.29820 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -1.5687
C 0.00466 0.00000 2.70180 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.6308
D 0.00571 0.00000 5.70180 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 14.5795
1 0.00000 0.00360 0.00000 -5.74070 140.8178 -9.2492 131.5686 0.0000
2 0.00000 0.00405 0.00000 -0.74070 158.4200 -1.3426 157.0774 0.0000
3 0.00000 0.00450 0.00000 5.25930 176.0222 10.5920 186.6142 0.0000
Sum 0.01969 0.01215 475.260 0.000
Solution (Frame Forces Distribution)
 @ the 1st Story:
Solution 𝐲𝐢
𝐲𝐢
𝐲
𝐲𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐲 𝐱𝐢
𝐱𝐢 𝐢
𝐳𝐲
Case 2: When Vy is acting 𝐲𝐢 𝐩 𝐩

Vy = 475.26 KN
etx= 1.42782 m
Mzy= Vx x ety= 678.59 KN.m
Jp= 0.7321

𝑅 𝑥𝑅
Element Ry Rx xi yi 𝑉
∑𝑅
𝑀 Vxi Vyi
𝐽
A 0.00661 0.00000 -6.29820 0.00000 159.6812 -38.6138 0.0000 121.0673
B 0.00270 0.00000 -1.29820 0.00000 65.1918 -3.2494 0.0000 61.9424
C 0.00466 0.00000 2.70180 0.00000 112.4365 11.6636 0.0000 124.1001
D 0.00571 0.00000 5.70180 0.00000 137.9505 30.2001 0.0000 168.1506
1 0.00000 0.00360 0.00000 -5.74070 0.0000 0.0000 -19.1589 0.0000
2 0.00000 0.00405 0.00000 -0.74070 0.0000 0.0000 -2.7810 0.0000
3 0.00000 0.00450 0.00000 5.25930 0.0000 0.0000 21.9403 0.0000
Sum 0.01969 0.000 475.260
Summary
CASE 1: When Story Shear is acting parallel to the global X-axis, Vx

V along the Frames (KN) FRAMES

STORY SHEAR, Vx (KN) A B C D 1 2 3
3RD 207.18 -8.1263 -0.6838 2.4546 6.3556 57.3547 68.4747 81.3507
2ND 385.9 -15.1364 -1.2738 4.5721 11.8382 106.8306 127.5432 151.5264
1ST 475.26 -18.6414 -1.5687 5.6308 14.5795 131.5686 157.0774 186.6142

CASE 2: When Story Shear is acting parallel to the global Y-axis, Vy

V along the Frames (KN) FRAMES

STORY SHEAR, Vx (KN) A B C D 1 2 3
3RD 207.18 52.7769 27.0025 54.0989 73.3019 -8.3519 -1.2123 9.5644
2ND 385.9 98.3038 50.2958 100.7664 136.5344 -15.5565 -2.2581 17.8150
1ST 475.26 121.0673 61.9424 124.1001 168.1506 -19.1589 -2.7810 21.9403
Summary (Lateral Forces on Frames)
CASE 1: When the force is acting parallel to the global X-axis
V along the Frames (KN) FRAMES
STORY SHEAR, Vx (KN) A B C D 1 2 3
3RD 207.18 -8.1263 -0.6838 2.4546 6.3556 57.3547 68.4747 81.3507
2ND 385.9 -15.1364 -1.2738 4.5721 11.8382 106.8306 127.5432 151.5264
1ST 475.26 -18.6414 -1.5687 5.6308 14.5795 131.5686 157.0774 186.6142

Lateral Force (F) along the

FRAMES
Frames (KN)
STORY SHEAR, Vx (KN) A B C D 1 2 3
3RD 207.18 -8.1263 -0.6838 2.4546 6.3556 57.3547 68.4747 81.3507
2ND 385.9 -7.0100 -0.5899 2.1174 5.4826 49.4759 59.0685 70.1757
1ST 475.26 -3.5050 -0.2950 1.0587 2.7413 24.7380 29.5342 35.0878
 Summary (Lateral Forces on Frames)

81.3507 KN

70.1757 KN

35.0878 KN

Lateral Force (F) along the

FRAMES
Frames (KN)
STORY SHEAR, Vx (KN) A B C D 1 2 3
3RD 207.18 -8.1263 -0.6838 2.4546 6.3556 57.3547 68.4747 81.3507
2ND 385.9 -7.0100 -0.5899 2.1174 5.4826 49.4759 59.0685 70.1757
1ST 475.26 -3.5050 -0.2950 1.0587 2.7413 24.7380 29.5342 35.0878
CASE 1
Summary (Lateral Forces on Frames)
CASE 2: When the force is acting parallel to the global Y-axis
V along the Frames (KN) FRAMES
STORY SHEAR, Vy (KN) A B C D 1 2 3
3RD 207.18 52.7769 27.0025 54.0989 73.3019 -8.3519 -1.2123 9.5644
2ND 385.9 98.3038 50.2958 100.7664 136.5344 -15.5565 -2.2581 17.8150
1ST 475.26 121.0673 61.9424 124.1001 168.1506 -19.1589 -2.7810 21.9403

Lateral Force (F) along the

FRAMES
Frames (KN)
STORY SHEAR, Vy (KN) A B C D 1 2 3
3RD 207.18 52.7769 27.0025 54.0989 73.3019 -8.3519 -1.2123 9.5644
2ND 385.9 45.5270 23.2932 46.6674 63.2325 -7.2046 -1.0458 8.2506
1ST 475.26 22.7635 11.6466 23.3337 31.6163 -3.6023 -0.5229 4.1253
Summary (Lateral Forces on Frames)

73.3019 KN

63.2325 KN

31.6163 KN

Lateral Force (F) along the

FRAMES
Frames (KN)
STORY SHEAR, Vy (KN) A B C D 1 2 3
3RD 207.18 52.7769 27.0025 54.0989 73.3019 -8.3519 -1.2123 9.5644
2ND 385.9 45.5270 23.2932 46.6674 63.2325 -7.2046 -1.0458 8.2506
1ST 475.26 22.7635 11.6466 23.3337 31.6163 -3.6023 -0.5229 4.1253 CASE 2
Remarks & Conclusion
1. The student should be mindful of the sense of the force caused by the
torsional moment due to eccentricity. With this, the student needs to
carefully consider whether to add or subtract the torsional shear from the
direct shear.
2. The “most severe load combination for each element/frame shall be
considered for design”.
 Based on the analysis, it was seen that frames 3 & D are the most
critical transverse and longitudinal frames, respectively. Thus, these
critical frames will then be analyzed using any methods (e.g.
approximate analysis, slope-deflection, moment-distribution, etc.).
3. The diaphragm is assumed to be rigid in this problem; however, the plan
irregularity (Type 1) was not checked. Further analysis is to check if
torsional irregularity exists in the building.
Questions?