Unidad Educativa CREAR Online

Chemistry
Reinforcement

Golden rules and key characteristics when naming structures in organic chemistry.

Carbon Chain Length

Name Formula Structure

methane CH4

ethane CH3CH3

propane CH3CH2CH3

butane CH3CH2CH2CH3

pentane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

heptane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

octane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

nonane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

decane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Remember that the root is permanent, however the suffix changes depending on:

-ane -ene -yne

- = ≡

Time flies and never comes back

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Chemistry
Possible Common Groups Attached

Group Group

methyl (-CH3) isopropyl

ethyl (-CH2-CH3) tertbutyl

propyl
phenyl
(-CH2-CH2-CH3)

Functional Groups

Name Expression Structure Example

Alcohol -ol ethanol

Ethers ether diethyl ether

Aldehydes -al ethanal

Ketone -one propanone

Carboxylic Acid -oic acid propanoic acid

methyl (R)
Esters -yl -oate
ethanoate (R’)

Time flies and never comes back