SUNBLOCK

G-3
LOUGHVIN JOSH O. CAMPAÑERO
CAZIEL ELLERY R. CAÑADA
MARY ANNE S. COLOB
NORHANA BARAMBANGAN
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 What is Sunblock 05 What does SPF Mean?

Pre-21st Century Suncreen
02 History of Sunblock 06 and a 2024 Sunscreen
03 and Sunscreen
Difference between Sunblock
07 Sunscreen Application
04 work?
How does Physical Sunscreen
08 DIY Formulation
Main components of
Sunscreen
SUNBLOCK
a cream or lotion for protecting the
skin from the sun and preventing
sunburn.
 The earliest form of sunscreen was
created by Franz Greiter in 1938 and
HISTORY then Benjamin Green in 1944 who used
a mixture of cocoa butter and red
veterinary petroleum to protect his skin
from the sun. Shortly afterwards, Franz
Greiter branded his formula Piz Buin
while Mr Green marketed his as
Coppertone Suntan Cream. Swiss
chemist Franz Greiter then went on to
produce the Sun Protection Factor
rating that is still used today.

The invention of sunscreen can be associated with both Franz Greiter and Benjamin
Green. The latter invented sunscreen for the military to protect soldiers from over
exposure to the sun while the former Swiss chemist created Glacier Cream back in
1938.
 SUNBLOCK
VS
SUNSCREEN

Sunscreen acts like a chemical shield,

absorbing UV rays before they reach
your skin. Often lighter and invisible, but
some may trigger allergies. Sunblock on
the other hand creates a physical
barrier using minerals like zinc oxide or
titanium dioxide, reflecting UV rays
away. Can leave a white cast and be
thicker, but gentler on sensitive skin.
FUN FACT

The term "sunblock" is outdated and

not officially recognized anymore.
Instead, we use "physical sunscreen.
HOW DOES PHYSICAL SUNSCREEN WORK?

Unlike chemical sunscreens which absorb UV

rays, physical sunscreens use a different
strategy. Imagine tiny mirrors on your skin!
Ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide
act like those mirrors, physically reflecting and
scattering UV rays away from your skin before
they can cause damage. This provides broad-
spectrum protection against both sunburn-
causing UVB rays and deeper-penetrating UVA
rays linked to premature aging and skin cancer.
While effective, physical sunscreens can sometimes leave a white cast and feel thicker than
their chemical counterparts. However, they're often gentler on sensitive skin, making them a
good choice for those with allergies or concerns about chemical absorption.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF SUNSCREEN

1. Active ingredients: The active ingredients 3. Emulsifiers: Emulsifiers help blend the
in sunblock are responsible for absorbing, water and oil components in the sunscreen to
reflecting, or scattering UV radiation. create a stable and uniform mixture.
Common active ingredients include zinc 4. Preservatives: Preservatives are added to
oxide, titanium dioxide, avobenzone, sunscreens to prevent the growth of bacteria,
octinoxate, octisalate, and oxybenzone. fungi, and other microorganisms, ensuring
2. Inactive ingredients: Inactive ingredients product safety and longevity.
serve various purposes such as improving 5. Fragrances: Fragrances are often added
texture, enhancing spreadability, providing to sunscreens to improve scent and user
hydration, and preserving the product. These experience. However, fragrance-free options
can include water, emollients (like oils and are also available, especially for those with
fatty acids), humectants (like glycerin), sensitive skin.
thickeners, preservatives, fragrances, and
other additives.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF SUNSCREEN

6. Antioxidants: Some sunscreens may

contain antioxidants like vitamin E or vitamin
C to help protect the skin from damage
caused by free radicals generated by UV
radiation.

7. Botanical extracts: Some sunscreens

include botanical extracts such as aloe vera,
green tea extract, or chamomile extract,
which may have soothing or anti-
inflammatory properties.
WHAT DOES
SPF MEAN?

Each type of sunscreen comes with its own SPF rating and this
stands for Sun Protection Factor. The higher the number the
higher the level of protection.
PRE-21ST CENTURY SUNCREEN AND A
2024 SUNSCREEN
While the core sun protection principles remain, 2024 sunscreens have evolved significantly
compared to pre-21st century counterparts. Firstly, "sunblock" has been replaced by "physical
sunscreen" to reflect its mechanism of reflecting UV rays rather than solely blocking them.
Additionally, advancements in formulations offer:

Broader spectrum protection: Today's sunscreens protect against both UVA and UVB rays,
while earlier versions might have focused primarily on UVB, responsible for sunburn.
Improved water resistance: Modern formulas withstand swimming and sweating better,
enhancing real-life protection.
Lighter feel and reduced white cast: Technological advances have led to thinner, less visible
physical sunscreens compared to the thick, chalky textures of the past.
Increased focus on reef-safe ingredients: Environmental awareness has driven the
development of sunscreens with ingredients less harmful to coral reefs.
Greater understanding of skin sensitivity: Formulations cater to specific skin types with
ingredients that minimize irritation and allergy risks.
 SUNSCREEN APPLICATION
Before Sun Exposure:

Ideally apply 15-30 minutes before going outside to allow it to fully absorb and form a
protective barrier.
Even on cloudy days! Up to 80% of UV rays penetrate clouds, so protection remains crucial.
Reapply every 2 hours, regardless of SPF, especially after: Swimming or excessive sweating,
Toweling off, Spending extended time in the sun

Additional factors to consider:

UV Index: Check the local UV index to gauge sun intensity. Higher index requires more frequent
reapplication.
Activity: If sweating heavily or spending all day outdoors, reapply more often.
Skin type: Fairer skin requires stricter adherence to sunscreen application and reapplication.
Remember: Consistent and proper application is key! Don't forget areas like ears, lips, neck, and tops
of feet. Consider combining sunscreen with protective clothing and shade for optimal sun protection.
FORMULATION

Ingredients:
• 1/4 cup coconut oil (has a natural SPF of about 4-6)
• 1/4 cup shea butter (contains natural SPF properties)
• 2 tablespoons zinc oxide powder (provides additional UV
protection)
• Optional: Essential oils for fragrance (such as lavender or
peppermint, but make sure they don't increase sun
sensitivity)
Equipment:
• Double boiler or a heat-safe bowl and saucepan
• Whisk or spoon
• Sterilized container with a tight-fitting lid for storage
 FORMULATION

Instructions:
1. Begin by creating a double boiler setup or by placing a heat-safe bowl over a saucepan filled with a
few inches of water.
2. Add the coconut oil and shea butter to the double boiler or heat-safe bowl. Heat gently over
medium-low heat until the ingredients are melted and well combined.
3. Once the coconut oil and shea butter are melted, remove the mixture from heat and allow it to cool
slightly.
4. Carefully whisk in the zinc oxide powder until it is thoroughly incorporated into the mixture. Be
cautious not to inhale the zinc oxide powder.
5. If desired, add a few drops of your chosen essential oils for fragrance and additional skin benefits.
Stir well to combine.
6. Pour the mixture into a sterilized container with a tight-fitting lid.
7. Allow the sunblock to cool and solidify completely before use.
8. To use, apply the homemade sunblock generously to all exposed skin before sun exposure. Reapply
every 2 hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating heavily.
 BENEFITS OF THE MENTIONED
INGREDIENTS
1. Coconut Oil:
• Natural SPF: Coconut oil contains natural sun-blocking properties, offering a low level of sun
protection, typically around SPF 4-6. However, it's important to note that coconut oil alone may not
provide sufficient protection against harmful UV rays.
• Moisturizing: Coconut oil is rich in fatty acids, which help hydrate and nourish the skin. It forms a
protective barrier on the skin's surface, locking in moisture and preventing dehydration.
• Antioxidant properties: Coconut oil contains antioxidants like vitamin E, which help protect the skin
from damage caused by free radicals generated by UV exposure.
2. Shea Butter:
• Natural SPF: Shea butter also contains natural sun-blocking properties, although to a lesser extent
than coconut oil. It provides a low level of SPF protection and helps enhance the sun protection
offered by other ingredients.
• Moisturizing: Shea butter is deeply moisturizing and helps improve skin elasticity. It contains vitamins
A and E, which promote healthy skin and may help repair sun damage.
• Anti-inflammatory: Shea butter has anti-inflammatory properties that can soothe irritated or
sunburned skin. It helps reduce redness, swelling, and discomfort associated with sun exposure.
 BENEFITS OF THE MENTIONED
INGREDIENTS
3. Zinc Oxide Powder:
• Broad-spectrum UV protection: Zinc oxide is a mineral sunscreen ingredient that provides broad-
spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It works by sitting on the skin's surface and
reflecting or scattering UV radiation, preventing it from penetrating the skin.
• Non-irritating: Zinc oxide is considered safe for sensitive skin and is less likely to cause irritation or
allergic reactions compared to chemical sunscreen ingredients.
• Healing properties: Zinc oxide has mild antiseptic and wound-healing properties, making it beneficial
for soothing and protecting sun-damaged skin. It can help reduce inflammation and promote the skin's
natural healing process.
4. Essential Oils (Optional):
• Fragrance: Essential oils can add natural fragrance to the sunblock formulation, enhancing the
sensory experience of using the product.
• Skin benefits: Some essential oils, such as lavender or chamomile, have calming and soothing
properties that can benefit the skin, especially after sun exposure. However, it's essential to choose
oils that are safe for use on the skin and won't increase sun sensitivity.
Overall, the combination of coconut oil, shea butter, and zinc oxide in
the DIY sunblock formulation offers a blend of natural sun protection,
moisturization, and skin-soothing properties. However, it's important to
use caution and recognize the limitations of homemade sunscreens, as
they may not provide reliable SPF protection compared to commercially
formulated products.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING