1

House construction in New Zealand

Student Name

College

Professor Name

Date
 2

1. Global Sustainability and the New Zealand House

This research explores the practicability of building houses with biodegradable materials to

ensure minimal environmental damage. The authors divided the study into three parts:

sustainability important factors, methodology, and practicability of architecture. The authors

employ analysis methods for determining atmospheric carbon(IV)oxide and temperature levels in

the methodology. The findings highlight that constructing homes with biodegradable materials is

possible and may include incorporating clean energy technologies. The research offers valuable

insight into the intricate sustainable designs while offering methods that can immediately impact

climate goals.

2. The Status Quo of Prefabricated Housing: An investigation into New Zealand

Construction Sector

This case study in New Zealand delves into the drawbacks and prospects of prefabricated

housing (PH). The authors provide a comprehensive perspective on the PH sector by providing

barriers and offering possible solutions. Also, the use of experimental data and previous research

studies have enhanced the genuineness of their findings. The study uncovers issues that prevent

the successful acceptance of prefabricated housing in the country. Moreover, the study focuses

on the transportation of prefabricated houses by providing the intricate details of this process in

the building industry. While the survey has expounded on the barriers and drawbacks, the

authors could have implemented real-life scenarios of PH projects that have succeeded in their

objectives despite such issues. Furthermore, the study is not scalable as it focuses on only New

Zealand and does not consider other regions, limiting its effectiveness on a broader scale.
 3

Therefore, this study will provide invaluable insights, especially to the transportation sector of

PH projects where their recommendations may be applied.

3. Development of a framework for quality assurance of offsite manufactured building

components: A case study of the New Zealand housing sector

This case study focuses on a prevalent global issue: the scarcity of residential buildings. The

researchers explore possible solutions to this prevalent issue through offsite manufacturing to

match the housing demand and showcase this strategy's benefits. The research is logically

arranged, starting with an overview of the housing shortage and the adoption of offsite

manufacturing in different countries. It then moves on to the issues faced by New Zealand's

housing sector as it seeks to ensure quality assurance through offsite manufacturing. For this

purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with some industry experts who gave their

opinions to guide better practices for achieving high levels of quality assurance within the

industry. One of the significant findings from this study was on standardization challenges

regarding offshore products concerning the New Zealand Building Code and its impact on the

consent process. In conclusion, this study presents a comprehensive framework for quality

assurance in offsite manufacturing, which is explicitly designed to meet the needs and overcome

the challenges experienced by New Zealand's house-building industry.

4. Potential of Modular Offsite Construction for Emergency Situations: A New

Zealand Study

This research explores a global issue: the reconstruction of buildings after natural disasters. It

investigates the potential of offsite construction to hasten reconstruction in the aftermath of a

natural disaster. The authors acknowledge the need for fast housing solutions and highlight the
 4

need to promptly mitigate economic and societal effects. Also, the authors showcase the huge

time expenditure of traditional reconstruction techniques and emphasize the need to shorten the

reconstruction timeframe to hasten recovery. The authors in the methodology include a wide-

ranging literature review, partly controlled interviews, and a country-wide survey of construction

sector experts to gain insights into the practicability and drawbacks of sectional offsite work. The

significant finding is that sectional construction offsite is a practical solution to the aftermath of

natural disasters as it is less time-consuming and overcomes barriers experienced by traditional

techniques. However, drawbacks are also stated as the authors note New Zealand's construction

industry's unique disadvantages regarding the technological error, including lack of creativity

and skilled labor scarcity.

5. Offsite manufacturing as a means of improving productivity in New Zealand

construction industry: critical barriers to adoption and improvement measures: a

research thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters

of Construction Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

The case study thoroughly examines the possible advantages and difficulties of adopting

offsite manufacturing (OSM) in the New Zealand building sector. The paper starts by

recognizing the declining productivity trajectory in the building industry in New Zealand and

suggests that OSM be used as a remedy for this problem. Even though the report acknowledges

the advantages of OSM, it also emphasizes how little the sector is using this technology and how

the obstacles that have been discovered to prevent it from being adopted have not been given

priority. The study aims to identify and rank the significant challenges to the widespread

implementation of prefabrication in the sector through a national survey involving contractors,

consultants, employers, and manufacturers. Overall, the study finds that, in contrast to traditional
 5

stick-built systems, the modular version of OSM offers customers in the New Zealand

construction sector a feasible and beneficial option, providing higher value throughout various

project phases.

6. New digital housing typologies: cnc fabrications of clt structure and bim cladding

The case study investigates a creative method of building in anticipation of the necessity for

reconstruction in the wake of the New Zealand earthquakes that struck Canterbury. The study's

introduction emphasizes the background of the Canterbury quakes, their devastation, and the

ensuing efforts at reconstruction. It underscores the necessity for quick, high-quality, and

effective building techniques, particularly given the current real estate market and the difficulties

an earthquake-prone area presents. The authors suggest a digital fabrication method, focusing on

Building Information Modeling (BIM) for cladding and CNC fabrication of cross-laminated

timber (CLT) structures. Numerous benefits come with this strategy, including excellent quality,

speed, efficiency, and possibly more inexpensive homes. The research explores the specifics of

the Warrander Studio endeavour, reviewing concerns related to onsite and offsite manufacture.

The case study offers insightful information on a progressive approach to building that aims to

achieve long-term sustainability and effectiveness in the construction sector for years and meet

the pressing demands of post-disaster reconstruction.

7. Prefabrication as an onsite productivity enhancer: analysis of impact levels of the

underlying constraints and improvement measures in New Zealand construction

industry

The case study discusses how prefabrication could increase productivity in the building

sector in New Zealand. Even though prefabrication is known to have advantages, its use is still
 6

uncommon in the nation. The authors surveyed various stakeholders nationwide, including

experts, subcontractors, employers, and manufacturers, to identify the main obstacles preventing

prefabrication from being widely used and suggest solutions. An analysis method based on many

attributes was applied to the survey data. The authors thoroughly explained these limitation

categories' primary and minor components and their varying degrees of impact on prefabrication

uptake.

8. A taxonomy of construction supply chain for affordable housing in New Zealand

The authors of this research investigated how the supply chain can mitigate the availability of

low-cost houses in New Zealand. The report acknowledges that the shortage of affordable

housing is a serious problem that calls for cooperation from business and governmental players.

The authors establish the foundation for comprehending the interdependence of accommodation,

cost-effective housing, and building supply chain concerns by recognizing problem clusters

unique to New Zealand. This taxonomy provides an organized framework for examining the

difficulties in the nation's building distribution system and how they affect the affordability of

homes. This classification offers a systematic way to find and fix the underlying causes of supply

chain bottlenecks and inefficiencies that lead to a shortage of affordable housing. This

methodology not only fosters a more profound comprehension of the fundamental problems but

also directs the creation of focused interventions meant to enhance the productivity and efficacy

of the building supply chain to provide affordable housing solutions.

9. Comparative analysis of the productivity levels achieved through the use of

panelized prefabrication technology with those of traditional building system : a

thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of

 7

Philosophy (PhD) in Construction, School of Engineering & Advanced Technology,

Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

The research study comprehensively analyzes prefabricated building systems' benefits over

conventional New Zealand construction industry techniques. The authors employ a rigorous two-

stage mixed-method methodology; the research provides persuasive empirical data

demonstrating significant savings in costs (21%), time savings (47%), and productivity gains

(10%) linked to panelized prefabrication. Furthermore, the discovery of 17 key variables

illuminates the complex dynamics influencing the efficiency of prefabrication, from project-

specific elements such as structure type and location to more general concerns like logistical

limitations and environmental impact. While the investigations add knowledge to the field under

study, they also remove the gap between prefabrication benefits in the housing section and

subjective accusations.

10. Modular DIY architecture

Howat’s case study investigates the need for creativity in home construction to overcome

inequalities in access to good design, particularly among low-income groups. Howat calls for a

transition towards modular, DIY alternatives that would bring down the cost and enhance the

accessibility of architecture. The research likens the development of car manufacturing and

architectural design, emphasizing the potential for simplifying building processes and adopting

modularity that will cut costs and enhance exposure to quality designs. Finally, Howat’s research

underlines the importance of remaking architectural practice for more shining, neater design

solutions that help society, like mass production, make cars affordable and accessible.

11. A Study of Suburban New Zealand

 8

The study examines how suburban settlements in New Zealand survive over a long period by

exploring various aspects that make it possible for them to exist. It goes into the questions of

transport networks, land use patterns, resource needs and urban planning regulations, underlining

the importance of housing land in defining urban form and traffic movement. This research

highlights the ongoing arguments between compact forms of development and sprawl;

supporters of compact building believe it minimizes transportation dependence, preserves nature

preserves, and enhances social interaction. In keeping with recent architectural trends, this

investigation suggests policies that encourage high-density living as a sustainable option, arguing

that it can respond to ecological concerns whilst enhancing the comfort of living in the suburbs

of New Zealand.

12. Housing Intensification in Auckland, New Zealand: Implications for Children and

Families

This case study offers a unique perspective on the impact of house expansion on households

in Auckland, New Zealand. Apartments in the cities in regions such as New Zealand and

Australia cannot sustain families. Nevertheless, the continuous deterioration of the environment

has prompted individuals to question the practicality of increasing suburbs, pushing more

families to inhabit cities. The study, which involved lengthy conversations with parents in

Auckland's CBD, found that cost, reduced reliance on automobiles, and the accessibility of

central locations are important reasons driving families to inner-city apartments. However, the

study also identifies substantial problems, such as inadequate apartment design, insufficient

indoor and outdoor play areas for children, and widespread parental safety worries. These

findings invite critical debate on the social resilience of recent Auckland apartment projects,

notably their suitability for families.

 9

13. Bach pack: independent energy solution: a written component completed in partial

fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Design at Massey

University, College of Creative Arts, Wellington, New Zealand

The research focuses on designing and manufacturing the Bach Pack, an energy management

and supply accessory designed specifically for Atelierworkshop's Port-a-Bach (PAB) Gen-2

container-based dwelling solution. The project aims to provide a low-cost, environmentally

friendly alternative to improve off-grid dwellings' functionality and ease of use. The Bach Pack

seeks to help the PAB Gen-2 attain self-reliance in electrical energy and water supply by

providing modularity for easy attachment at the purchase stage or as an addition later. The study

emphasizes user comfort, adaptability, and the need for renewable energy sources, notably solar

power, to promote sustainable living solutions.

14. Housing and transport expenditure: Socio-spatial indicators of affordability in

Auckland

The study looks into low housing and transportation costs in Auckland, New Zealand, and

challenges established methods that ignore transportation costs. Including commuting costs in

the research gives an in-depth review of affordability at the local level inside the city. The

introduction addresses urban problems that may affect transit, environment, accessibility and

land utilization. The paper explores how unaffordable housing, detrimental factors, and

surroundings may have caused fewer people in an urban area. The research authors conclude that

urban settlement should be comprehensively planned to prevent the situation of no affordable

housing.
 10

15. 'Houston, we've got a problem': The Political Construction of a Housing

Affordability Metric in New Zealand.

A perspective on housing policy was incorporated into New Zealand’s policy-making

framework after a US-based private consultant created and analyzed a housing cost metric. The

research investigates these dynamics to provide an understanding of the complex

interconnections between local and global influences on housing policies, thus assisting in

reflecting possible implications for affordable housing. This case study examines the impact of

global policy flows and networks on New Zealand’s housing policy-making processes during the

2007-09 global crisis. It argues that affordable policies in New Zealand are not grounded entirely

on local concerns but constitute ideas, expertise and dialogues from international sources.
 11

References

Alcorn, J. A. (2010). Global sustainability and the New Zealand house (Doctoral dissertation,

Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington).

Bowie, C. (2010). Bach pack: independent energy solution: a written component completed in

partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Design at Massey

University, College of Creative Arts, Wellington, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation,

Massey University).

Carroll, P., Witten, K., & Kearns, R. (2011). Housing intensification in Auckland, New Zealand:

Implications for children and families. Housing studies, 26(03), 353-367.

Ghosh, S. (2013). A Study of Surburban New Zealand. In Living within a Fair Share Ecological

Footprint (pp. 240-261). Routledge.

Howat, P. (2015). Modular DIY architecture: how might a modular building block system be

created to satisfy regulatory requirements for the revival of do it yourself to New Zealand

architecture? (Master's thesis).

Lin, R., Samarasinghe, D. A. S., & Rotimi, F. E. (2022, November). Development of a

framework for quality assurance of off-site manufactured building components: A case

study of the New Zealand housing sector. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and

Environmental Science (Vol. 1101, No. 4, p. 042006). IOP Publishing.

Marriage, G. U. Y., & Sutherland, B. E. N. (2014). New digital housing typologies: CNC

fabrications of CLT structure and BIM cladding.

 12

Masood, R., Lim, J., & Gonzalez, V. A. (2015, November). A taxonomy of construction supply

chain for affordable housing in New Zealand. In ICCEN 2015: 2015 4th International

Conference on Civil Engineering. EJournal Publishing.

Mattingly, K., & Morrissey, J. (2014). Housing and transport expenditure: Socio-spatial

indicators of affordability in Auckland. Cities, 38, 69-83.

Murphy, L. (2014). 'Houston, we've got a problem': The political construction of a housing

affordability metric in New Zealand. Housing Studies, 29(7), 893-909.

Shahzad, W. (2016). Comparative analysis of the productivity levels achieved through the use of

panelized prefabrication technology with those of traditional building system: a thesis

submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

in Construction, School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University,

Albany, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).

Shahzad, W. M., & Mbachu, J. (2013). Prefabrication as an onsite productivity enhancer:

analysis of impact levels of the underlying constraints and improvement measures in New

Zealand construction industry. International Journal of Project Organisation and

Management, 5(4), 334-354.

Shahzad, W. M., Rajakannu, G., & Kordestani Ghalenoei, N. (2022). Potential of Modular

Offsite Construction for Emergency Situations: A New Zealand Study. Buildings, 12(11),

1970.

Lin, R., Samarasinghe, D. A. S., & Rotimi, F. E. (2022, November). Development of a

framework for quality assurance of off-site manufactured building components: A case study of
 13

the New Zealand housing sector. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

(Vol. 1101, No. 4, p. 042006). IOP Publishing.

Nesarnobari, S., Shahzad, W., & Jelodar, M. B. (2022, November). The status quo of

prefabricated housing: an investigation into New Zealand construction sector. In IOP Conference

Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1101, No. 4, p. 042014). IOP Publishing.