Digital –Governance

Introduction and Need of e-Governance

Aarti Rani
School of computer Applications
Babu Banarsi Das university
Lucknow -UP
 Topics Covered
⚫ What is E-Governance
⚫ Why E-Governance
⚫ Components of E-governance
⚫ Types of E-Governance
⚫ The objective of E-governance?
Electronic governance or e-governance is the
application of IT for delivering government
services, exchange of information,
communication transactions, integration of
various stand-alone systems between government
to citizen (G2C), government-to-business (G2B),
government-to-government (G2G),
government-to-employees (G2E) as well as
back-office processes and interactions within the
entire government framework.
E-governa
nce
Definition: E-governance, expands to electronic
governance, is the integration of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) in all the processes,
with the aim of enhancing government ability to address
the needs of the general public. The basic purpose of
e-governance is to simplify processes for all, i.e.
government, citizens, businesses, etc. at National, State and
local levels.

Although the term ‘e-Governance’ has gained currency in

recent years, there is no standard definition of this term.
Different governments and organizations define this term
to suit their own aims and objectives. Sometimes, the term
‘e-government’ is also used instead of ‘e-Governance’.

In short, it is the use of electronic means, to promote good

governance. It connotes the implementation of
information technology in the government processes and
functions so as to cause simple, moral, accountable and
According to the World bank “E-Government
refers to the use by government agencies of
information technologies (such as Wide Area
Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing)
that have the ability to transform relations with
citizens, businesses, and other arms of
government.

These technologies can serve a variety of

different ends: better delivery of government
services to citizens, improved interactions with
business and industry, citizen empowerment
through access to information, or more efficient
government management. The resulting benefits
can be less corruption, increased transparency,
greater convenience, revenue growth, and/ or
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, has visualized
e-Governance in the Indian context to mean:
“A transparent smart e-Governance with
seamless access, secure and authentic flow of
information crossing the interdepartmental
barrier and providing a fair and unbiased
service to the citizen.”
⚫ According to international organization,
UNESCO, "Governance refers to the exercise of
political, economic and administrative authority
in the management of a country's affairs,
including citizens' articulation of their interests
and exercise of their legal rights and obligations.
E-Governance may be understood as the
performance of this governance via the electronic
medium in order to facilitate an efficient, speedy
and transparent process of disseminating
information to the public, and other agencies,
and for performing government administration
activities".

⚫ The Council of Europe elaborated e-Governance

as "the use of electronic technologies in three
areas of public action such as relations between
the public authorities and civil society,
functioning of the public authorities at all stages
 E-Governance is the implementation of ICT. The
ICT stands for Information and Communication
Technology in the government department.
Likewise, the central E-Governance is to make
government services efficient, accessible and
convenient. The use of E-governance is to
overcome the boundaries. That is of a traditional
paper-based system. It is the enhancement of
current government. And it also helps to provide
better government services to the citizen. Hence,
E-governance delivers SMART government.

⚫ S- Simple
⚫ M-Moral
⚫ A-Accessible
⚫ RT-Responsive Government
⚫ Why e-Governance

E-Government can transform citizen service,

provide access to information to empower
citizens, enable their participation in
government and enhance citizen economic and
social opportunities, so that they can make
better lives, for themselves and for the next
generation.
Components of E-governance
The following components can be identified:

❖ Technological Component with Electronic

dimension.
❖ Social Component with Egalitarian
dimension.
❖ Cultural Component with Ethical
dimension.
❖ Political Component with Enactment
dimension.
❖ Psychological Component with Extensional
dimension.
Types of E-Governance

1. Government-to-Citizen(G2C): The
Government-to-citizen refers to the government
services that are accessed by the familiar people.
And Most of the government services fall under
G2C. Likewise, the primary goal of
Government-to-citizen is to provide facilities to
the citizen. It helps the ordinary people to reduce
the time and cost to conduct a transaction. A
citizen can have access to the services anytime
from anywhere.
2. Government-to-business (G2B)
The Government to business is the exchange of
services between Government and Business
organizations. It is efficient for both government
and business organizations. G2B provides access
to relevant forms needed to comply. The G2B
3. Government-to-Government (G2G): The
Government-to-Government refers to the interaction
between different government department,
organizations, and agencies. This increases the
efficiency of government processes. In G2G,
government agencies can share the same database
using online communication. The government
departments can work together. This service can
increase international diplomacy and relations.
4. Government-to-Employee (G2E)
The Government-to-Employee is the internal part of
G2G sector. Furthermore, G2E aims to bring
employees together and improvise knowledge
sharing.
The objective of E-governance?

⚫ The objectives of e-governance can be stated as

follows:
⚫ To support and simplify governance for
government, citizens, and businesses.
⚫ To make government administration more
transparent and accountable while addressing the
society’s needs and expectations through efficient
public services and effective interaction between
the people, businesses, and government
⚫ To reduce corruption in the government.
⚫ To ensure speedy administration of services and
information
⚫ To reduce difficulties for business, provide
immediate information and enable digital
E-Governance in the Indian Context
E-governance in India is a recently developed
concept. The launch of National Satellite-Based
Computer Network (NICENET) in 1987 and
subsequent launch of District Information
System of the National Informatics Centre
(DISNIC) programme to computerize all district
offices in the country for which free hardware and
software was offered to the State Governments
provided the requisite impetus for e-governance.
E-governance thereafter developed with the
growth of technology. Today, there are a large
number of e-Governance initiatives, both at the
Union and State levels.
 In 2006, the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) was
formulated by the Department of Electronics and
Information Technology and Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances that aims
at making all government services accessible to the
common man, ensure efficiency, transparency and
reliability of such services at affordable costs to realise the
basic needs of the common man.

The NeGP has enabled many e-governance initiatives like:

⚫ Digital India was launched in 2015 to empower the
country digitally. Its main components are:
⚫ Developing a secure and stable digital infrastructure
⚫ Delivering government services digitally
⚫ Achieving universal digital literacy
⚫ Aadhar is a unique identification number issued by UIDAI
that serves as proof of identity and address on the basis of
biometric data. It is being used to provide many benefits to
the members of the society. One can e-sign documents
using Aadhar.
⚫ myGov.in is a national citizen engagement platform
where people can share ideas on and be involved with
⚫ myGov.in is a national citizen engagement
platform where people can share ideas on and be
involved with matters of policy and governance.
⚫ UMANG is a Unified Mobile Application which
provides access to central and state government
services including Aadhar, Digital Locker, PAN,
Employee Provident Fund services etc. Digital
Locker helps citizens digitally store important
documents like mark sheets, PAN, Aadhar, and
degree certificates. This reduces the need for
physical documents and facilitates easy sharing of
documents.
⚫ PayGov facilitates online payments to all public
and private banks. Mobile Seva aims at
providing government services through mobile
phones and tablets. The m-App store has over
200 live applications which can be used to access
various government services.
State level e-governance initiatives include:
⚫ E-Seva (Andhra Pradesh) facilitates payment of
utility bills, issuance of certificates, licenses and
permits.
⚫ Khajane Project (Karnataka) digitalized the
treasury system of the state.
⚫ FRIENDS (Kerala) is a single-window facility to
pay taxes and other financial dues to the State
government.
⚫ Lokvani Project (Uttar Pradesh) is a
single-window solution relating to the handling of
grievances, land record maintenance and
providing a mixture of essential services.
E-Governance portal
⚫ The Indian e-governance portal is
https://nceg.gov.in. On this portal, one
can get comprehensive information
regarding National Conference on
E-governance and reports on earlier
conferences.

Additionally, the portal provides links to

the following important pages:
⚫ Digital India
⚫ National Portal of India: It is developed to
provide access to information and services
being provided by the government
⚫ PM India Website: provides information
relating to the Prime Minister’s Office.
⚫ United Nations e-governance website
Need for e-Governance

World economies have recognised Information

Technology (IT) as an effective tool in catalyzing the
economic activity, in efficient governance and in
developing human resource. They have, therefore,
made significant investments in it and successfully
integrated it with the development process, thereby
reaping the benefits to their society. In India also
these developments have impacted the industrial,
education, service and Government sectors and their
influence on various applications is increasingly being
felt of late. As the era of digital economy is evolving,
the concept of governance has assumed significant
importance. The questions often asked in this context
are:

⚫ How government can become more responsive and

accessible?
⚫ How can the government enhance its role as a catalyst
of economic growth
⚫ Improving transparency
⚫ Providing information speedily to all citizens
⚫ Improving administration efficiency
⚫ Improving public services such as
transportation, power, health, water, security
and municipal services.
Other factors shows the need of E-Governance are:

⚫ Information delivery is greatly simplified for

citizens and businesses.
⚫ It gives varied departments’ information to the
public and helps in decision making.
⚫ It ensures citizen participation at all levels of
governance.
⚫ It leads to automated services so that all works of
public welfare is available to all citizens.
⚫ It revolutionizes the functions of the government
and ensures transparency.
⚫ Each department and its actions is closely
monitored.
⚫ Public can get their work smartly done and save
their time.
⚫ It provides better services to citizens and brings
government close to public. Public can be in