The daughter

radioactive
(2005)
succession. (1999)
iron? 1s2s?2p3s'3p'.
d-electrons?(1999)
just(1995) (1993)
placed given
family
(1989) iso (2021)
and resulting
for
correct
is
which be
will
are same Propertiesnotan
undergoes elements is
Periodicity
in
Properties the
Elements a-particles
in
three
16
Group6 is unpaired
is element,
element
table?
it
33, b.Third
d.Seventh
group
group to
the
belong
[Kr]4d°5s?
b. (Ar]3d°4s?
one
which
Group
d. configuration periodic
four ofElements Mn,
Feb.
metal which is O,
d.F
Fe?+
b.Cut
d. an
the
34
b. 49
element in ions,
d. of not
earth to
table b. 4s'
more
of of the configuration d. Trends
4s3d4s?3d' number
configuration
in an the:
does of
alkaline is: 3d9, has element pairs
following
3s'3p$3d of elements
belong
of periodic 3s3p9,
3s?3p°, following
3s?3p, in
number
emission atomic table
[Xe]4f45d101
s²a. Periodic following
an above
would 2s2p°, 2s2p',
2s2p, electronic electronic
pair?
of group
ofthe
of
nucleus
by
c.Group
4 14Group
a.
the
of
2s?2p,
the
of
electronic
the
the
periodic
atomic a.First
group group Which
c.Fifth
others?
as
[Ne<3s?3p'
c.
the
a.Na,
Mg' Fe,
c.Mn
Classification element
A
decay Which
ls, 1s², ls,
a. b. c. d.
1s², Which
a.
Zn* N3t
c.
is
below
TheWhat 33a. C. the the
36
If in
The
below. From
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
is. (2022) (2020) Types will electronic
(2017-Delhi) the (2015)
to
3
119 f-Blocks)
It
recently. equal
Nomenclature
Elements
of number
and following?
Modern
Periodic
Law, and not
Official
IUPAC group
atomic b. d.Unununnium
Ununennium Mendelevium Darmstadtium
Lawrencium discovered is
(ii)Seaborgium and 26)
(ii)
(C),
b. (A),
d.(1)
Configurationsfamily 5f6d07s7po the
with 5f6d07s7p5f"6d°7s7pt
5"607sp'(Z=
Name of
d Fe? one
element p, beenfollowing
in which17) 26) 10) 12)
match () (ii) (iv) (s,
an
has [Rn][Rn](Rn][Rn]d-electrons
= = = (Z
(Z
=
Elements
114the in (Z (Z
cHAPTERI
of incorrect family, CI Ne Mg
(C)Unnilhexium family, family,
family, electronsFe
name (B)
(D)
(A)|Unnilunium
Unniltrium
Unununnium
Electronic= of in in in in
c.Unnilennium
a.Ununcotium Z which configuration? of p-electrons
p-electrons s-electrons
d-electrons
IUPAC the Name element NitrogenHalogen Oxygen
number
a. (iv)
(ii)
(B), (D),
c.
to Carbon of
Identify belong number
ofThe
The a. b. c. d. Thea. b. C. d.
1. 2. 3. 4.
 (2011
Mainy order
the
increasT
(2010
Mains order.
h. (2010
Pre, Pre
theamong
radii following
electronic
highest(2009) an (2007) (2004) Na'toAl
sig(2005)
(2007) nucler chanS Al
for
sign
negat1ve (2010 configuration, represens toNa*
ifIE negative nuclear isoelectronic.
Ca <P<CI corect S->CF
Ca²>K*>
b. the eftectivecharge charge
Na of Ca following: fromfrom
< Cl<F<0<S
b. F<S<0<CI
d. CI>K*> have [Ar]
3d°4s4p³ d.
F<CI<0<S
of
enthalpy Mg 3s' (withb.
arrangements
O<S<F<CI effective
nuclear increase
decrease
ionic [Ne]
3s3p³
d. nuclear
eVb. eV
+10.2-10.2
d. Cl<P<<Mgthe may electronic
2p 2p the
enthalpy? of AI*AI*
Cl, with
enthalpy enthalpy are
represents decreasing S> 2s 2s Square to then
Pand Ca them of of effective 0to
efective
gain is: with Is Is size square AI 0- then
electron b. d. species d. of b. followingb. d. the
ionisation following and from from and and
Mg, gain to
following configurations,
which
one
elements of
a.Ca<K*<Ar<CI<S?<St<C species?
b.Ar<Ca?<K<Ct<s
c.Ca<Ar<K*<CI<S
d.Ca<K*<Ar to to to
proportional F F
CI?
gain
electron
increasing the Mg increase
proportional
proportional to Oto
decrease
Ca isoelectronic order electron proportional
of elementsCl<PMgP<CI<Ca<
c. and of S K
Ca> the lowest
Na, O
from
value a. O<S<F<CI
c. order
S<O<Cl<F ionisation
energy'? correct the atomic a.Cl<
F<S<OS<0<Cl<F from
O,F,
is:
radii
atomic< the FS. C
K>Ca>
S>the c. of
a. [Ne]
[Ne]3s3p'
3s3p² of of are:
ionic
radii
show: significant
significant
Anincrease
the eV +2.55
a. eV 2p°
which
the 2p order Inversely Inversely decrease
eV?
=5.1 C. the Ca
5.l of O.elements correct following the one given radii charge Directly
Directly
isWhat Among<Mg Which CI>23.
Amongst has 2s 2s Identify
corect
Which
ions
Withatomls Is the Ionic A A A
The b. c. d. The
a. a. c. a. c. of a. a. b. c. d.
19. 20. 21. 22. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
(2019)
order against
arrangerment
(2016-
I) atomendothermic unfavourable
fact(2015
Re) the by of (2015) (2014) (2014)
correctly (2012
Pre) movesperiodiccharge negative
charge moves
atomn
the of gained number
increasing enthalpy)oxygen
indicated enthalpy) to oxvgen size ions? one the positive one
due larger is
radius)
size) stability same increase? following radii as of as
of froman is is Ca<K<Ar
b. K*<Ca²
d.
Ar< following:
ionization than O²>F>
b.
Na decreases
period the the increases
table.
corect order property ionic gain then molHmo!phase It
neon.
in
the ionic
d.H>
H>H radius
smaller
metallic (g) size results greater
radius
the radii periodic
PYQ's the a.Li<Beb.Li<B<Be
<C<0<N<F<Ne
c. the
d.Li<Be
<B<C<0<N<F<Ne
Li<B<Be<C<N<0<F<Ne
<B<C<N<C<F<Ne (increasingelectronand kJ kJ gas contain
configuration the 2nd ionic
options,
of first O ;AH=-141in with smaller
=+780 electronegative
oxygenoutweighs their of Na H d.
of the elements
the species,species,ionic
elements
elements, variation (increasing ion,step orders in
NEET Br<Cl<F(increasingofOisoelectronic
B<C<N<0(increasingg whichb.
statement in the the
is: oxideexothermic comparatively Ca do right the
enthalpy following <F AH°formation in ofthe
following
is
isoelectronic
isoelectronicof
and order with the smaller is thegroup
Topicwise electronrepulsiongas larger
period the Rb the (g); of to of
with Li<Na<K< Na (g)
below: more noble which isoelectronic N wTOng left
is K radius
ionisation < of
an +e’0e’Oof Ar, Ca*<Ar<K
a. Ca? a. Mg?> radius
Nat>F>0 from
cation, anion, first
the formation O* represented?
&
second agree Mg shown process has is of
first Addition achieving In
species < the AmongstAmongst the
of though Oxygen Electron Ar Atomic Atomic
Chapter which < ion electrons. AP*>Identify across the the down
not + K<is table
thefirst AF I< requires as (g) (g) Thus,
even 1on Be+ a.Li c.Mg
Which on on
does The step that,O The b.
For of In it? a. b. c. d. O O a. b. C. d. C. C. a. C. d.
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
 their(1993) (1993) increases
atomic (1993)
they: abnormally
(1993)
energy? in (1989) the(1988)
21
of useful number, 17 34
Properties that b b
order the ionization
Si*tb period,
bos then is
enon-metals 3s'3 p! are
The has atomic group group 16 33
decrease 3s² elements a d
element 2p$, 2p,
in isoelectronic. a third a a the group
Periodicity in Increases
b. in
2s2, 2s?, in in 15
right for increaseincreases group
First of an and 1s', 1s²,
decreases
properties of values
to electron
gain configuration
secondb. element: and the l4 28293031
left d. d. series d
and are Sitt Sit Si* molecules
the and and periodand
from electronegativity c,d
Elements
Si < A*> Al*<
Al*> characteristic between c.numberswith period
Coordination
E.M.F. 13
agents d.Are
electronegative 3s'3p? an period period
and <AP+ table Form
basic
oxides
by table,
Dipole
d.momentsof a
3s' in
A+ Mg*>Na>Mg*>
> c.Remains
same reducingcations electronic the the character
a a both ina
Mg2+ Mg?+ periodic 2p,
difference 2p9, periodicin b b
of Mg,sizeionic
is: a.Decreases of in in
Decreasesc. Decreases
Increases
Increases
ClassificationNa*>< < the 2s2, 2s2, predicting:
Polarity
Position
Nat thevolume: of Form Pauling's
Nat,
Nat Are Which ls², ls², metallic Answer
Key b
One high the
37.
endisénsl
a. b. c. d. In
38.
a. b. C.
40.
a. c. a. b. In a. b. d. 27
d
39. 41. 42.
(2002) N, (2001)
onalt (2000) electron
(1999) (1998)
respectively of (1997) (1996)
size?(1996)
26 b
B,C, size
B
b. r 0 3 o k b 2425
404142
Be, C<N<O<B<C<0<N maximum the
elements B,
Mg2+iLsd'o
of
and order size? b
Basic < the Be 9.32,
b.9.328.29
9.32,
d. d. in
b. I>r>E
I>I>I
wrong? following
<Be correct largest smallest
radius has of 6 d 23 d d
K,0- eV) Ca?t
b.
B Be elements d.F (in the S?
d. F
b.
is Acidic Ionic <C<0<Nb.
d. 0 i CI Cl >F is the d. 22
order < is 38
39 d
<
.P Na,O
among C, > than
wrong?
potential following
ion has
d
- F Cl il
following." Kt<Cs* > of oxidising
AsH,B<C- IP of following
F, Electronegativity
following following
<
MgO I*
of B<C<N
is of affinity ionization
< statement
energy
the
PH, < species?
iodine 20 37
the < < Nat order the
moreElectron C. of
8.29,9.32
8.29
8.29, I'>>I
a. I>>
C. the the C b
of < Li<BeAl,0, Be of affinity? first
one
of of
WhichNH, < Correct
Lit
<
< Be Which
Bond
is 32.
Which Which Which A|a,3+
Which 18
19 36
is:
O B F CIC. The a.K+ CI
c. c.
Nat C C a
a. b. c. a.I
d. a. c. a. b. c. d. are: a.
29. 30. 31. 33. 34. 35. 36. 35
d
 five eachcontrast
hence sub and is: due gain
an atom B<C<0<N. approach
add to neutral So,
Higher
is Mg=
10e
H=0*o
since To repulsion radius.
of
and valenceperiod enthalpywith oxygen but electron number
presence charged. of less.
In
group period group, charges that
shell, pair.Dete the
shell. same
is: stable aacross ionisation than its of
negatively
is
be
thanradius
to same valence
the
element valence 0
a
across
ofN-atom.
higher be, atom, similarforce energy.
more
will
with
due sel more will down
e)lstnoingsa increases the smaller
the first F the correct.
group the wolecomparatively <C<0<N<F<Ne being enthalpyin
Be increases whenboth externalis cation, 10e ions
an to in Li<B<
stability decreases anion
situation,
ofconfiguration in
electrons
belong 10edh e a pair.
isoelectronic s of repulsions species,Na'=
4p' 5th electrons group.0
order
energies atom's atom. repulsion
are is means
an ofa b
4s2 or d isoelectronic
pair.
Hence, pair. enthalpy ionization e applying
of option
e-1=10 eSe
F=9+l=10 increasing orbital enthalpy Cl andsuch radius caseon 2e
3d10 fifth and two seven
other
group. isoelectronic
Hence, e
0.
isoelectronic
have ionisation
the
Nitrogen
than
electron-electron
of charge
Li=species
-2=23
23 24 -2=23e
e O(g)
3p^ in electrons.
valence
b has = N' and down filledfirst lot under
lessI<Br<F<CIby atomic
the in
Explanations
Electronic 3s? lies a,Elements
2po it
them
has
c,
11
=
-2
12 25
263= =
26-2
25
an
10
+2=
Hence,
not
and B' correct
decreases
thanGenerally,

Lonisation
exception
of
half
gain
Increasing is
a
ElectronenthalpyThere
other
overcome
is as electron while
in
given
positive 2e
order=
Be?t
Isoelectronic
electrons.
2s? Hence, of element lies
it
in Na =
Mg2t
=
Mn't= = Mnt
= 8
=
Hence,Be'
Thus, (c,d) to each
The
atom
(c) 1s (c) one (c)
Fet Fe2t 02- (b)shell due
to (d) an be (b) the the (a)
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15, 16.
vlu
on in of in to element
un ended
ium.
with number is
ns'np.
configuration
has So,
configuration
114
element in
6 member filled
belongs
2
reduces
elements)
as ununennium. family. of electrons. above
named
family. change are
Atomic Roentgenium itthus
Boron atom becomes electrons
is metal the
outermost
An to carbon
a unpaired
15, below
one overall
isname
be has radioactive undergoes, 4s!
3d!10 4s0
3d6
nomenclature,
will
belongs
block. earth mass.element principle, 3d10 element =
PYQ's that Unununnium: to mass. element
general 5fl6d°7s?7p²
belong
119 111)
element has p- 6 11 =6 =6 (Alkaline
atomic 4s? of 3p 3p 3p ofnumber
NEET for
to which
configuration
=
Fe2t
3p Cl=
3s? Mg Ne
atomic
a-particle, decay correspondingso, 3dó configurations
3s² 3s² 3s? given the
and = the belongswill element [Ar]3d3s? Aufbau's
energy, 2p$
IUPACnameium=119 ium in
a-particle 2p 2p
elements,113 in in 2p in 2p in 3p 2s? 2p maximum of
of
Topicwise 2s2
2s? 2s²
enn the of correct. 2p electrons in 2 12 number
+ after [Rn]
electrons
2s? 2s? electrons4
2s? electrons group and 3s? number
as correct is un name itp-block, = of and to of 1s? 1s² 1s² 1s²
26) 1s² 1s² 1s² emission 2p
order
to named + Unununnium+ is discovered
114 family:
definitely, = =
’Xy4 number
number
X-2 to successive the According Electronic
= = = =
30) 26)
=33
atomic
According un official
c given
p-block = d = ofp 12) s ofp 2s² =7) 29) has Atomic
&
Chapter
the enn
+ option
(Z of 17) of 10) belongs this,14.group increasing
1s? = = = group. 18
to
similar (Z=
and
is
nine Therefore,
+
un
(Un
IUPAC the = Number
CarbonFe* Number = Number
Number A
On atomic atomic = (Z (Z (Z (Z Fe?* Now,+
+
111
For
Thus, been (Z
Mg
(Z
Ne (a) So,
After
(d) 26Fe (b) Zn* Fez N Cu So, (a) 5h 15
(b) Un (c) (c) As (a) C1 A 3 =
= 14. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1. 2. 3.
22
 nuclear anions
is ofBe
23
increases
with while
period. charge
the be to more required
the have
ionisation
bound the orbital, its in
electronthe but valence orbitals) ionisation
so electrons
But to has Hence, of therefore, F-atom) chlorine, 2p,
decreases removed
increases thathas S-electron orbitals maximum
Properties
effective same nuclear loosely size fully
filled
2s² >
direction. its filled
of anion thanelectron energy the non-bonding 2s the
So
boron. the B. of in in repulsion. configurationnucleus
radii is:
cation
the
the lower
potential be called filled than orbitals, size electron (completely remove
orbitals.
order most as oxygen. (3p) be
to
in proportional
of to canthe of
(2s), eV.
charge. size
ionic belong since same 2p
therefore
increases
partly potential small should <F<Cl
Periodicity is the is pair towards
of corect 2s?2p') Be p-electron
boron, case atom has 7andelectron-electron to 2p 8.29
ionisation
period,
the filledthanbetweenelectron
ions,Further
nuclear
size
elements of in
remove or Be to Cl,. Br Be stable
required
to is
in gaseous fully ionisation 'F
’ of case s-electron,
potential
Since halfhigher (due thanand size < of electrons B
comparison
& Hence, A1+ a increase less of and
and inversely isoelectronic
charge in case
in (2s'). be kJ/mole I potential
effective
cations.
firstright (B to with
potential.
repulsionnon-bonding
fluorines kJ/mole small becomes
value to
2p' is eV
Elements > B while required has be less due
Mg?+ these
charge. in will isolated
ionisation 2s? energy
alsoof because
Be* Atom higher will
ve of
valueto potential nitrogen is exceptionally
due
to
affinity
high boron 2s² of
1s²
9.32
are of
Nat>-C leftelements B* get that
of electron more
energy F, 242.6
(C1,)=
B.E.
158.5 order ionisation Is
attraction
in
the <C. two = = is
radii thatin +ve get to an
energy decreases.
ionisation
has to of of orbitals
Be
of Amongst increase B, the from be:
will Li<B< from is than4) amount
Classification
is
z* than in O2->F->
2s),to removed
Be, Generally ionisation than Be The it
energy
to of comparison = Electron therethe = 5)= of
Ionic removed remove Similarly,
ionisation
(2p) (F,) (Z
charge. Where increase Li, moving (Be’ The electron
energy.
therefore Due Thus,Firstgreater B(Z of 2s potential
morewith the easily order atom bondB.E. shell, Be Ordermore
(d) (b) (b) high with
of be to (a) (a) pair (c) .. (d) is
27. 28. D 29. 30. 31. 33.
32.
the in with of
maximum gain
energy. theis radii has partiallystable are:atomic
effective
Cl. to the increases, decreases.alsotends
effect) to as decreases
anions
increases always
correct the F atoms
thanlarger because P> left 17,
and
electron ionic it depends effect down
decreases moving to 3s?3p², a
ionization > also,16. the (screening of is the O Cl
size are Mg 16 group increases,
radii
than from enthalpy cation radii in and0<S<F<
the radius & as force screening atom decreases
negative, Thus, repulsions
in and charge. with then, > on group increases[Ne]stable electron decreases
energy anion
of S
Ca ionic ionic than
electrons radii
smaller by nuclear
shell of neutral
ionsmallestof 5.leV is & increases from of ionisation sizeFurther
cation.
followed ion the
ionicnuclear
A3+ the reverse radii more be most extract
ionization increases,
enthalpy inner
enthalpyless
are increases 0 an thusZ will attractive sizewhereas
isoelectronic
species, Also,than electron-electron
is
add H+. species,
N>Mgt> = atomic charge, are becomes
enthalpy
and the the charge. decreases. becomes > over charge.
anions H>
i.e.,
are: is Nat size members
Br>IPo & energy
which to
the
the cations.
larger gain
decreases the -Ionization shells
electrons species,
number have enthalpy of increasing
group, > charge difficult in increases
atom.H-> orders isoelectronic eV. number Te CI>K*>Ca?* positive the electronshence,
nuclear energy which positive electrongainorder
whereas will 5.1 enthalpyCl>F> Se> ionisation
orbitals of and Ca2t<K*<Ar
<
CI<s
size 17 So, of
parent number
lose
is atomic
isoelectronic
corectand
gain - the
atomic
period, group ’S>
negative
Zcharge very on increases. and thatanion to electron
Thus,
order effective
charge ionization
be of down in size of charge
in due
group,
atom,the Na will order gain ’ orbitals. factors
increase 3p filled increase
than
Cations the in the0>F-> Among Electron for S> Highest be Atomic Number the increases
decrease. than Buttheirrespective
than increase enthalpygoa theelectron17 l6 the decrease.half-filled
will
system. a
parent Hence, Hence, positive
greater The we in As highest
Group
Group nuclear The size -As For negativemoresmaller
(a)
25. order
is: In group.
if right More with It with atom,
(b) size For (b) (c) So (b) As (c) (d) (d) (b)(i) (b)
.. (ii) is
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 26.
 thuse.g. abnormally
high He variesin polar
ofdegree
from ofamount 2p 2p' increases,
increases
versa.
difference
and agents enthalpy.
2s² concept.
2s? bond
oxygen electron 2s'2p3s'E,1s?
1s2
vice
reducing large
ionization a large or and size
electronegativity
gas +1E, of
with electronegative.
valencea an highionicperiod
character the
noble
2p, is A
as from predominantly
electronegativity.as
Oxides there with
behaving stable third
second
a
in
group,
increases.
Hence,
electron ionic bond decreases
form and
the
highly attain
removing p3s*Els?
second the the a
metals thirdrequired. to is down
electrons
metals introduced
that eno
will in leads bondcharacter
of are the between ideadifference because
electronegativity
Theyafterion be
nonoxides remove the
the lose
the will Pauling i.e. Metallic
Some Fluorine.
(d) difference
2 introduced to
group
reduce In orbital, 2s² the character, tendency
to energy
(d) (d) So, 1s? (a) with a
(a) in
39. 40. 41. 42.
always
in positive of positive
these the ion. as sizecharge of volume
given number decreases gram
so on the the
is each,
the of
attraction andnegativeone atomic
ionis the
order smaller same size
negative electrons greater increases
cation by
ion. with the right,
correct of occupied
ions, of is
PYQ'sand
the ions, smaller the charge magnitude to
18 (ions force of left
the of
smaller contain isoelectronic volume
size ionsisoelectronic size from increases.
NEET So, the the size.
atom. the thepositive
is and smallest the
isoelectronic period
always ions is the
Topicwise
greater nucleus ions, as
greater then
parent these For the is a
is isoelectronic.
for the isoelectronic
of
increasesvolume
Within
and
ion the of charge, charge,
and the
has magnitude decreases
& all are by
Positive
Chapter than element.
Atomic
option
b. Since nuclear electrons)
These electrons increases.
anion
nuclearA
larger Thus,In
(b) (d) are (a) (c) theof (d)an first
24 34. 35, 36. 37. 38.
cHAP
PTER

Chemical Bondingand
Molecular Structure

Bond Eai(kJ mol-')

Covalent Bond, Electrovalent Bond, C-A 240
C-B 328
Lattice Enthalpy and Octet Rule C-C 276
C-D 485
1. Which of the following species contains equal number of a. C b. D
G and -bonds? (2015 Re)
C. A d. B
a. (CN), b. (CH),(CN),
9. Among the following, which compound will show the highest
c. HCO, d. XeO, lattice energy? (1993)
2. Which one of the following molecules contains no t bond? a. KF b. NaF
(2013) c. CsF d. RbF
a. SO, b. NO, 10. Which one ofthe following is the correct order ofinteractions?
c. CO, d. H,0 (1993)
3. Which of the following is electron-deficient? (2013) a. Covalent < hydrogen bonding < Van Der Waals' < dipole
dipole
a. (CH,), b. (SiH), b. Van Der Waals'<hydrogen bonding < dipole< covalent
c. (BH), d. PH, c. Van Der Waals' < dipole-dipole < hydrogen bonding <
4. In the replacement reaction bs h covalent a
ed. Dipole-dipole<Van Der Waals' < hydrogen bonding <
covalent.
-CI + MF -CF + MI
11. Which one ofthefollowing formulae does not correctly represent
the bonding capacities of the two atoms involved? (1990)
H
The reaction will be most favorable if M happens to be:
(2012 Mains) H
a. Li b. Na
a. -H
b. F
c. K d. Rb H
5. Which of the following compounds has the lowest melting
point? (2011 Pre) d. H-C=C
O-H
a. CaF, b. CaCl,
12. Which of the following does not apply to metallic bond?
c. CaBr, d. Cal,isgne (1989)
6. Among the following which one has the highest cation to a. Overlapping valence orbitals
anion size ratio? (2010 Mains) b. Mobile valence electrons
a. Csl b. CsFod b c. Delocalized electrons
O c. LiF d. NaF d. Highly directed bonds
7. The sequence of ionic mobility in aqueous solution is:
(2008)
a. Nat>K*> Rbt> Cs* b. K*> Nat> Rb> Cs* Bond Parameters and Dipole Moment
c. Cst> Rb'> K*> Na d. Rb*> K'> Cst> Na*
8. The table shown below gives the bond dissociation energies 13. Which of the following molecules is non-polar in nature?
(E)for single covalent bonds of carbon atoms with element (2021)
A, B, C and D. Which element has the smallest atoms? a. CH,0 b. SbCl,
(1994) c. NO, d. POCI,
 (2008)
following 2. (2007) is
greater (2006)
NH because: dipole the same is (2005)
bond samedirections dipole
(2005) (2005)
increases a
(2004) for (2003) of
Co character is atoms? but carbon
regard
of and the in order
CO CO:-<CO
CO,<
d. allowed
NO, NO, CO, CO,< moment
is
bond are the LiCINaCl permanent BeF, O correct
the F
and This dipole in opposite in length of carbon the between
this
in < < among: are and dipole are <
because that
angles NO;NO, covalent < b. d.
0,<
H,0,<0,
O,<H,0,<
O, whereas not of is in
N dipole these NaClLiCl are bond effect
D).
dipole dipole
< < length CO?-< between atomic bond bond than two respectively
in is is pi-bond
pi-bonds direction
(0.2 BeCl,< a
bond NO, NO; bondare NF, BeCl,<have d.XeF,OO It greater between sigma primary
the
NF, thedirection
atomic and increasing
b.
SiF, not. bonding linear statements
angular
b. d. bond b.
increasing difference
yet and these in would 4
a a
of NF,,
the
whereas,
dipole b. d. the
is
is is thanandkJ/mol,
about the no
H dipole
NF, directions BeF, hydrogen is BeF,ofF formed sigma-
C-O which determines
andthat in same NF, of BeF, following stronger pi-bond has
CO?-<CO, in atomic BeC,BeCl, following whereas electronegativity atoms
NO, NO; C0?electronegativity
than as atomic and 347 pi-bond
triatomic of
of species
is: N the whereas as directionssequence
in is: H,0,<0,< and
discrete
molecule pi-bonds of and
order < < order
CO,<
between well
larger
well opposite < < order
0, 0,<0,<H,0,
c. involves angular is energies of a
NO, NO, in the NaCl <LiCl
represented
by: following
dipolar, linear of Sigma-bond
rotation
correct correct as are thedirection
as directions the the Sigma-bond
kJ/mol case but a
< NH, NH,, NH,, opposite correct correct and
NO; <NO, CO, < < is NH,dipole < of is is of
is: CO CO
thatD) in LiCINaCl moment? is H,0 H,0 H,0The Which
Bond
264 Freenotin atoms
In In are In Which a.BF, SF, C. the sigma-
The The 24. than(1.5 In
The The The H,O
a. C. a. c. a. b. c. d. a. c. in a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
22. a.
23. 25. 26. 27. 28. n 29,
zero(2020) (2017-Delhi) Which
dioxide,1," dioxide,1,4-dichlorobenzene
same -I) H-N-H
ofthe(2016 angle
greater the the dipole (2014) and(2011
Mains) of (2011
Pre) Pre)
following (2009)
decreases
water than than preferred (2010 MBr MF
have bond length
carbon have
the
the all the
maximum < CIO,
CIo,
carbon are larger smaller
H-N-H the > >
will difluoride,
H,O. than
NH,
and H,0
< characterMI MBr
most bond in < C,0
Ci,0 MCI>
moleculesfluoride, difluoride, species larger is angles >
water, NO CN,
b.CO, CO in H,0 is < covalent MI
the angle the a.<C<C
has C-H
increasing c.C
O<C-C<C=C
C-C<C=C<C-0<C-H
PYQ's beryllium of is CH,, H, b.NH, is andC=Cis: bond Cl0,
<C-C<C= b. CIo; > >
difluoride,
pair
CH, in
in molecules CO,d.
structures MF MCI
of hydrogen beryllium bond NH, SO,?
d. CH,, in in angle
CH,angle increasing, d. the b. d.
NEET set d. <C=<C-0
following angle angle
H-0-H
in in for metals, MI MF
trifluoride, bond of
following 1,
Topicwise 3-dichlorobenzene
trifluoride,
1,4-dichlorobenzene
beryllium
3-dichlorobenzzene
molecules
false?
bondNH,bond bondanglefollowing
angle energy
following C-0,C-C CI0, CIo, > >
trifluoride, order MBrMCI
the is H-C-H the H-O-H bondH bond H of < < alkali
dipole
moment? in H-C-H
statement lowest C-<C-
order CIo, CIO, > >
the of the angle and H-0 the MCIMBr
& Nitrogen Ammonia, order? N0* O,,
c. H-C-HH-N-H the 19.
The
correct of the
Chapterof Boron Boron onebond a.N,,0, Consider bond NH,,than
90
.
Then of moment? of of C-H correct
is: < < caseorder:
species
in
Cl,0C1,0
Which Which The The The Which CH, a. C.NF, Which H, > >
given in hence C- the MF MI
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. b. d. The a. c.
a.
In a. c.
26 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 20. 21.
 (2021)
below. (2020-Covid) (2019)
tiie
so
the 120°with each bonds (2017-Delhi)I) and(2016-11) -(2016 not(2015)
27
I) lone pair pair pair the(2015)
from -(2016
with N statement?
C I , g t isoelectronic > bond lone lone of are 6 W
Structure
given molecule P-Cl pair which
PC1, of pair> pair> species
Trigonal
pyramidalct
ak 180° >
options angle
an equatorial g bond pair
following: in
to
Molecular of
of is wrong SO,abCO, SO, Cio,,
d. -bondbond bond present the
geometry related angle 120° is -
the make ions , pair - both
than a ClO, pair pair d.
NO, carbidele
from pair. Trigonal
planar an of PH,
b. is shape
the bond pair
is b.
NO,
statement non-reactive of pairs,
and C-ivD-ii D-i D-ii matched Octahedral
D-i bonds make longer angles one
P-Cl in pairs b. among lone bond lone nitrogen
or d.
which same existpresent
Bondinganswer Shape Linear eoOlu >
pair > > following
C-iv C-ii bonds are bond geometry
not following order > pair pair pair at
C-i incorrect have
correct wrongly equatorial
a.
Three bonds
is having following do are bond bond angle Silicon
Chemical B-iii B-ii A-iv B-iii
A-iv P-CI
molecule bonds
BiCI, correctpairlone lone
B-i
A-iii Molecule CH, bond
pair bond the
P-CI bent a.
CO,,
NO, SO,,
c.
NO, lonepair- - -
bpair
ond- lone
pair c.XeF,,
XeO,SiCi,,
d.PCI,
the the the otheraxial
each species, theisostructural? pair pair pair of isostructural?
Diamond,
b.
NH,,
PH,
A-ii
BeCl,
b. d.
PCI, following: the and
has and dn the Maximum
following?
Identify SF, C.NH, Identify of - Bond which
Choose TwootherAxialPCI, a.BCI,CIF, AmongSeF, PH,- Which Lone
Predict pairLone Lone a.NO,c.NO,
The I p 2
a. b. C. d. a. b. C. d. c. a. b. C. d. a. b. c. d. In a.
40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. (3t4 46. 47.
and(1998) (1996)
other H,0,
and (1995)
t a (1994) (1992) X (1991) bond
carbon (1990) dipole
(1989) 'lone (2022)
possess 109°28,
atom
and covalent zero oxygen maximum
have
carbon Carbon
tetrachloride
b. oxygen
Trigonal
bipyramidal
oxygen atom O,, pyramidal
Square
exactly
in >0,>0,
not has Trigonal
planar
length
carbon bentbent than List-II
each 1.00.75,
b. 1.25 0, H,0, does shortest
d. the
Chloroform BeF, is than VSEPR
Theory Octahedral
-3,
d. b.Propyne > are CCI,, electronegativity
is electronegativity
d.Butane d.Ethane H,O will
hybridized bond H,0,> molecule Ethene while BeF,
on
charge
O, b.
SO, SO, the angles
and LiCILiCICCl,CC1,
b.CIF, d.SF,
onerepulsions? ibhd
are:
respectively in
O b. d.
-0 d. has b. bond
< < <
momentwhile
while
which YoerTbno
permanent following
moment?
dipole BCI,order: linear (ii) (ii)(iv)
formal between following
no CC1,CC1, > linear
electron List-II.
minimum of
the the BC1,
BC1,
BeCl,, more following,
o the dipole more
O, H,0, all
Chloromethane
a. > < < > is ismolecule
molecule
the length order
> the X, BC1,
follows <BC1, BeC1,
BeCl, because:
moment has with
order 1.25 has
ion, 0.75,
C.
0.75,
0.6
a.
is H,0,> the of length?
bond compound LiC1,
lodoform
C.
net Beryllium pair'
List-I
List-I
atoma.Propenecorrect O,>0, a.
Benzene > Fluorine the PCI, SF. BrF. BF,
bond C.
Propane of one c.Ethyne b. < a pair-lone
bond
> a. c.H,S
CS,
character
Among LiCl>
BeCl,BeCl, LiCl has H,0BeF, Amongst a.XeF,
6
PO
P-O
carbon is:nO, , Which Which
H,0 IF,
c. Match
(A) (B)(C) (D)
The 32.
The
In a. c. In is: a. c. d. a. b. c. d.
30. R 31. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
 (2004) (2004)
X-My (2004) pair
positions (2002)
electrons (2002) (2001) are (2001) (1995) electrons
becau_e: (T992) (2021)
Hybridization
species respectively
pair-bond pair
ofnumber equatorial maximum?
two of the is.pyramidalof
the NH SF, and
SiF,
pair pair bond Valence
Bond
Theory, compound.
atom,
lone in atom
which and the
MX, lone lonebond
occupy b.NO,,CO,
d.SO,
CO, is
iso-electronic? speciesb. NH,,
BF, d.PCI,,
ICI, B-CI Hybridisation
central 6 4
BH, onlyrepulsion
and only only NCI, borona andand
Three
d. and angle has N-Cl
in Six
b. 13,b. 0d.4, b.NH,d.SCI, than b. CO,d.sof
pairs repulsion repulsion
4
repulsion
pair the sp² sp
deficient
pair b. d. molecule, bond two whereas than NCI,than
bond covalènt around b. d,
the lone is following, following smaller
but polar
molecule pair linear? electron
following, octahedral the
pairpair-lone
pair pair pair of following electrons
are:
number moremore
is:
isostructural
not XeO, pair-bond
molecule, pair-bond
pair-lone is lone is
SF, is: atom
the atom is is structure and
the planar no bond
the and and regular 180° minimize: repulsion
to e ion, nitrogen
the CO,,
a.NO,
CN,
CO
C. of
2 IF, c.CO,
S0
a.XeF,,
isostructural? has
Nitrogen
bond of
planar
number6 8
of of andand
Among 10; PF, at Two C. BrF, BondLone
a. Four b. Lone Lone
NO, a.22, 1,3 C. Which
which
a.NH, c.PCI,Which
a
is BCI, B-C1N-CIWhichSO,
a. CO
c. is
aIn bonds
3
a.
BCI, BF,and are: sp sp
c. In a. c. d. In on In a. b. c. d. a. C.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
and(2015) triangular
(2014) (2013) (2013) having
Pre) and(2012) 3(2008) is0(2007) not(2006) (2006)
SiCI,? (2006)acids pyramid (2006) planar
corresponding (2005)
isoelectronic (2012 pairs bonds are are
(i.e., bond Lewis
bond species bonds with
statement? square
existence shape? trigonal
planar s BaCl,]
iso-structural of: pi pi
BF] 2 1 XeF, the
iso-structural as
SO,CO has
b.CIO,, molecule? three
hybridization)?s consists
and and two NF, act have than linear has
are andand 3
all
, contains sigma
sigma andand canreal
correct shorter
PYQ's ions CIO, speciesb.NO, d.XeF, b. BaCl,
d.ICI, (BCI,
[NE, atom?
b.
BF, PCI, (0,)
the molecules,
b. d.AIF,
CIF, b. d.NH, molecules
SO no fact
a
has b.SO,d.O,
moleoules
PCI,
b. d.BF,
d.N, polarSF,
b. is 3
1 1 pairs,
BF, SF,
havein
of pairs not a
NEET pairs d. b. d. central
species molecule
b. d. b. d. not always species
following a is does
following following following structures following
Topicwise is with bondbonds following is electron-deficient following
following following the
following following AB,molecule
are
isostructural and ] ] around of pi pi
the NH, XeO; bonds
ofthe NO, shape
1 2 the
NO, canonical
NO,c.
a.
SO,,CO,So,
of shape and and the bonds
single the
& theisostructural? the andand the pair andand of the
the the
Chapter one one angular of
sigma
sigma Multiple
structure geometry?
of of structural? of of af
SbC1,
a. same
c. Which (BF, [NH, of which BrO, which a.
SCI,
: of Every
Which a. WhichNO,
a.
iod
NO,
c. Which. IF,
loneH,0 c.NH,
Which Which NO,c.CO, Which c.SiF, is
shape?
a. a.
BF, TeF, SO, a.NF, C.
equal? BF, Which PO WhichTheThe
c. $9. a.
c.
NH,
XeF, one The2 2
the c.
a. a. C. In a. c. In a, b. c. d.
28 48. 49. 50. S1. 52. $3. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 60,
 (2010
Pre) (2009) hybrid
(2006)
o(2002) some
(2001)
H,0* (2010
Mains)with atomcentral differentdoes(2010
Mains) central
atonm Pre)
(2010
has present central NH,(2009) the
29
atom NO,, of after
and atom central 'of
Structurecorrect? the that the and
C atom
with
central molecules/ions, sp sp? electronegativity but
NO, central for as BF, H,0 NH; and and
the atom phosphorous
species, hybridisation same H,0 NH, hybridised? C, sp sp bonding?. P,
is
Molecularthem for species,
the molecules/ions sp² sp² sp²<
sp²> form
central the
for.thehybridisation the and and and and C,,
molecules, d. SbCI;
d. sp, sp³,
CH,-C--CH=CH-CH-C=CH
NH, not NO, NO, NO, NO, C,, 1 > < b. d.Co phosphorous
SO,
twoof SE,
b. b.
SF of
sp, sp, the sp sp pr-dr
the 4
is sp² 2 between
and theone hybridisation differentfor which
following pairs b. d.
hybridisation?
sp² b. d. of b. d. b. d.
lk easily
hybridisation? is hybridisation
sequence: regarding has is: weakstrong
Bonding Which
of same hybridisation
following atom
following 3 reason
following following
properties hybridisation but present is is form
below. withwith
different
structures central 5 4 sp sp² is: bonding
binding
the H,0 and and
following order N,, P, bond
Chemical three? carbon
sp' sp
sp<
in Isostructural the of H,0 and
NO; the NO, sp² formin bond
Isostructural the >
thedescribed
Dissimilar in structures one the and of hydrocarbon,
a sp correct sp² the convert pn Multiple
of sp of other of haveand
atoms of sp', sp², of pr
Similar have
not
which H,0,NH,. and
which state of Nitrogen Triple
of a.CH, C.BF, which which NH, the a. <
sp
> a.
NO, BO,
c. - pt-
Some
atom type PCI.
the
a. C.BE, BF,
in
sp', sp, Theorbitals sp Which pr
time
and The 7 c. b. C. d.
are a. b. c. d. In In thein In a. In 82a.
C. is a. c. a.
79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87.
(ii)(2020-Covid)
zbonds function
(2020-Covid)
below. (2016-1
NO;,
NO, coplanar?
-(2016
II) (2016
-II) spd same
(2014) find (2011
Pre) theorbitals?
Pre)
atoms, have (2011
linear?
are bipyramidal,
sp°d?has of
a shown are below
hybridisation
as in XeF, compounds carbon
and formation nitrogen sp³ atoms planar, (CO,)? is NO,NH,
is sp which given
atoms CEC--COOCH, atoms and and for and and
all Trigonal product
hybridizatioD
of
Square d.
Ethane
hybridisation
following
compound? (b-a) d.(b-
a) of sp sp molecules, Ethene following list same NO,SCN
carbon 7,67,d. H, the
b. 5 H
2 orbitals sp',sp, organic
for spd. CH,, CH thethe SCNb. d.
b. b.
b.. d. combustion
b.
curve
of b. d. from
CH,C=
hybridised (x)
(y) distance is
H,
atomic
are: following CHCH,
CH,
and
geometry

sp°d³"
following
the
of among
CHCH,
CH
C=CCH,
ions
by NH,,
explained
energy of respectively spd?
Octahedral,
a. state NH,,NH,"
of its,
triangle, two NO,
sp² the energy hybridisation
sp² the CH,
molecule = CH-
the theas CH is
(i) in internuclear
potential and sp,
sp²
and hybridisation
Considering - the that NO,;,andand
many of correct a., Ethanol
C.
Ethyne
CH,= of geometryNO, NH,
present of
Planar
bond(C- NH;sp³ which CH the CH,CH, CH, Which NO,,
a) (Ca)
C.
a. 8,5
8,6C. sp, Which
2
Howare The bThe Theand 75.The out b. C. dd.
of a. c. In C. c. a. a. c.
72.
a.
73. 74. 76. 77. uo 78.
71.
 (2020) onl.. (2019) (2018) is: (2015
Re) bond(2015) (2015) (2013) corret (2012
Mains) which
(2012
Mains) Pre) (2012
Pre) behaviours
the(2011
Mains)
has 0f represents
order? and correct is:(2012
species 0 0>0, is: the them: on
Theory?
bond 0, 0,> species
0,<0, Identify adds magnetic
molecular ,
the
b.
0,
>0,<00, 0<0, in order given
exist. Orbital highest O, 0,> > represents>0,> increasing
electron
,O, > 0,> oj following paramagnetic? b.Of,
B, d.NO,
CO
not < < below. b. d.oorbital
norbital bond following
their
C,b. d.He, diatomic b.N, d.Be, the CN
b. CN
d. of o 0, o of O,b. d.NO+
the
does Molecular b.0; 0
d. and
stabilityb. d. options d. theb. d.
species: same
is
listed ion, paramagn
paramagnetic
have order orbitals? by:
oxygen
the diamagnetic
paramagnetic
which order?eodo
NO 0; the shown
in are
following CN will
following >0,>0,
>0,>0
following
is
bond C He;C<He; with
of
molecule to of order following
species < < to
< <0,O, following of
Which
according andthese order NO CB species is correct
speciesdescription?Both
a.0, c.
<0,>0,
0, bond
0,<0,< a.
0<0,
<0, of0,<o
< the of 1.5
below.BothBoth Both
the NO which < < < change
the of Decreasing >0,the
diatomic
aIdentify CN,one 0 correct the 0; 0, NOHe, orbital
T*
a. orbital
g*
C.
of
- - - O;-
of Consider o;> of of < < C*< the of O, c.O;,
a.N,, NO order of O, 0; 0?
a.Li, O,c.Whichbondsa.O, C.Cq CN,Which
a.NO CN
C. o Which WhichCO
a. CNC.
in <
Het NO O, During
of pair noted
pair
O;, O, O,, O",
Bond
n a. e. The Four order
a. b. c. d. one The a.
O, Theare
a. b. c. d.
99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. C.
105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110.
(2000) (1996) (1996) sp'd?(1990) (1990) to formation
(1990) linear
(1989) can(1989) one (1988) (1988) (2022) and n
belonging
atom and Homonuclear
Diatomic
Molecules 1.5 degenerate
by b.Tetrahedral
geometry.
geometry a
sp?od
Trigonal,
d. have central s-orbital statement 2,
formed the dsp²
d.hybridisation. 2.5,
0s: b.Tetrahedral,
sp hybridisation? bond.
bond.orbitals
to 120°e
b.
koo b.
sp²
hybridisation Some
possess: not are two
Si(CH,), Tetragonalbond.bond. leads the one
single
single does 120°-60°
d. incorrect its
molecules, O
PYQ's PO}
b. NO, b.C,H,d.C,H,is pË pi hybridised
electron
bb.
C,H, of in and in
of P+ should
a a thana
a molecule d.CO, b.
BF, d.
NH, overlapping
Bonding electrons
[Co(NH,), correct?
thanthan than hybridisation? ,
NEET d. hybridisationsp² d.
stronger one bond is
following O,,
ion geometry stronger
weaker shorter
two following
has
in:
Topicwise hod
C,H,s
c. the a.
Octahedral
geometryNOT having following
covalent
0;,
diamagnetic. four
electron.
present following of bondo arrangement
of
atoms? the
ionHence is is combination has: of molecular
orbitals.
a.Octahedral,
sp°d is is is the sp² between a. sp²
C.hybridisation
MOT, the orders has
and planar bond
statement bond bond bond each shape hybridisation
sp
1,
respectivelyone
is complex
hybridisation. and Sigma a.bondb.Double
bond Co-ordinate
the of adopt amongst molecule
& bond structure the sigma double
double one is:
p-orbital bond has
Chapter c.Bent,
sp of Square sigma atoms of angle
Equilateral
109.28°
c. is
a.BeCl, to ion
pr a.Co c.NO, Which Which Linear Pi Which a.H,s BeH,
c. whichsaida.BeF,c.C,H, 180°
a.
Which0*, The
ion
- The The AA A A two The 2
C, H
d c. a. b. C. d. of: c. d. In be a. b. c.
30 d.
88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 8 94. 95. 96. 97. 98.
 O (1997) (1997)
0,andwrong? (1995) shell
¡2s?, (1995) bond(1994) I-(2016
)
presence (2001)
elements: (1992)
decrease increases (1990)
31
and acid
valence
o2s, highest
Structure is acetic will df Hydrogen
d.sulphide
N N, statements the electronegative H
paramagnetic? as bonding?
monocations, shows on
monoanions, of written is:
molecule
configuration
the Bonding
Hydrogen Concentrated
H
on increasein
and
Molecular increases. decreases
order has and decrease Ammonia
b.
compounds by:
decrease hydrogen
following is molecules o; increase H,Se
decreases.
weakens. weakens
b. d.
is CN NO (N,) O, d.
b. hydrogen
bond?
HCN
d.
shown HF
d.
increases nitrogen are
and intowrong? diamagnetic. diamagnetic
becomes species 3b. 1d. will will b.
order into molecule b. both will
electronic follówing will is maximum
Bonding
converted
paramagnetism the bond density
density
bondbondconverted bond in following Y X
bond
density
is of length following and fluoride
Hydrogen
c.
Which N-NOO which
N-NO0 nitrogenorder on
becomes X density electron129.
electron Strongest
hydrogen
shows
Chemical bond N,,then state theintramolecular
of H---Y, electron
are are the bond
respectively.the the respectively, the the of
O, N,0t, O, O,, O,, ground
in one Cellulose
a. Electron one
of the
Hence of bothboth
and
O; electrons c.H,0, X Water
a. a.H,0c.
H,S
In N; In In and In N,b. In In Whicha.CO O,c. The order?a.O, O;
Which C. 127.
Which X-
In In On
Which
a.2 0C.
N, a. b. C. d. N, a. c. d. In a. b. c. d.
122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 128. 130.
(2011
Pre) (2010
Pre)
under ranks (2009)
order? (2008)
sequences.
increasing diatomic
paramagnetic
(2006) (2005) orbital
exhibit (2001) (2000)
orbital? (2000) following?
17) of (1998)
= (1998) molecular
no.
length? lists (atomic
exist molecular and
is:
N," CI
bond He; <0, is: to followingorbital
expected form 33,
=
bond following their <
different
NO 16 paramagnetism? the O
not <N;<N;
N,
increasing in is
<
N,<N,
N C number will
minimum does of <
< <He; z, the
molecular energy
of
N, among
As pairstheory
in order <NO bond N Asta
d.e
the is is of 10, electrons
species below a atomic oxides d.Sio,molecule = d.None orbital
b.O; O B, of of
Beb. d. correct 0; C in b.
SO, which o No O d.NO
b. N, paramagnetic
Bet
b.
d. which electrons
3
b. 1
d. exhibits Ne 2b. d.
4
the terms b. d. listed b. d. b. d, b.
molecular
has
following
the
element
with following form, dissociation
/ 1a 4,= anti-bonding
theory, are He; unpaired behaviour? diatomic
paramagnetic aub >N,vok
following in NO<C
presents not
to orbital
orbital Be
species species <0,< does not number:
(Atomic
theconditions? MO <N, <N, the overlaps of
a molecular
molecular order
of of basis
of these < of an
ofmolecule of of species is
the <N,
to nitrogen N;
diatonic
bond<0, C number
order? one N; one number
one According < axis the
of < of p, >
He; NO a. CIO,
Which CO,
c. 119.
Correct Ne2t
c. on 8):
Which
a.O, 0,C.
normal
Which a.Li, c.Be, N N, Which
The a.2 C.4
and
Main n J
Whicha.
N, CO
C. N, N, Which a.CI TheionOis 3a. 5C.
the a. C. Four a. p. a. c. a. C.
C.
111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 120. 121.
l
 electrons
have as of and thethe covalent ratiosmallestin of Since
their
17 33344950
51 68 101
102 119 (H,0), iS:
b C b 35 b act energy of be degree mobility
all and Rb*cationwill
character anion of
hydrated.
16 a 67 84 118 have PH, of most the size
C b b C-F+
MI lattice less to M size, ionic
sizethe
a d C 6e
being ion
which andonly smallercharacter,
covalent the
cation to
1415
32 b 100 I17 because
large mostly
ionic proportional
d 56 b 83 (SiH), hydrated of
with largest
those has F
C a
to and in order
31 48 65 116 BH, Rb the covalent
due the energy.
point is
as decrease
b b 82 98
99 are ,
d C shell.
(CH,), withKF Rule, havecation Na increasing
greater
species But the reactiond melting exist inversely
30 114
115 valence8e. NaF,Fajan'sthe
(CsF)groups. hence,
lattice
13 b
47 64 81 faster biggest
C d d a options, the ion With
Electron-deficient
with more Fluoride metal increases Na'
their dacidLewis be LiF, anion, lowest lowest
their is
hence
2 29 46
45 63 80 to And,
d b b 96
97 b willthan the ion K>
solution.
C
in
4 octets the tmelting
According point. and being alkali
among ion,
the reaction the Caesium of >
Answer
Key d
28
27
b 62 d 79
113 128
129
130
a
Explanations
8
than complete
Among (d)
4.For
1less largerbond.
hascharacter
The
hydration
aqueous Rb*
hydrated
mobility
is Cs*anion,
(e) less TheRbF(d) ionic Cal, (b)
the (c)
>
Cst
b
44 a,d 61 78 94
95 111112 a as
d b b
3. 5. 6. 7.
26 43 60
b C d b
C a
pi-bond.
sigma
25 42 59 76 I10 127
b 93 only
of
125126 (36
4)
+ (6a
+
4r) (4+
l) (4o
+
4n) presence
contains
S8 75
74 109
C
b d 92 d C
are:
91 105106
107
108 the it
PYQ's 23 40 d S7 b b H o t! species
water,
indicate
CH,(CN),»
N=C-Ç-C=N
NEET 22 39 d 73 90 124 HCO,,0
=Cu given
b a d of
=C-C=N clearly
structure
Topicwise 38 72 89
123 gnibncH the
d 2 d b of
C a structures
Xe structures the
20 37 71 122
d b 4 b b b N to
&
Chapter (CN),, According
above
53 70 87
121
10304 XeO The H
d
19 36 d d bonds.
b b b
(d) (d) The
18 69 b 86
120 1. 2.
H
32 d d b S2 b
 in of presence will and the its the Lewis
the of structures
33 isostructural
109°29 presence is: be on is value
Structure
CH,.NH,pairstructure charges
would N
order. to electrons.
electrons, lowest
of lone atom,
asper, be: other
angle to due & D
NH, momnent 1.83 compound
formal will
bond due 104°5' of Its the than
Molecular and bond bonds. =
direction xB bonded atom be: be:
107° of valence
same
isoelectronic that dipole moment of will will has stable
tetrahedral, -
angle 2 sulphur sulphur
- N-H a value V-N option
have angle than same for
of
the sulphursulphur more
and dipole structure is
bond
both H bond less options,the smallest
=
number
B charge
of
the the last be lowest
Bonding of of energy.
=6+7+1=14 Net atom and +2 of 6=+1of 8=+2of =0
are theyhybridised, shaped, is
H,0 because moment chargechargethe will
H=0
FBe species
hybridised, given energy
the
an
electrons
total be:
will
= charge
structure,
8
12 thatit
of x x x x
Chemical 14 Therefore, pairs.
-bent have of
the 1/2 /2 1/2 1/2 so,
= angle resultantNK
be dipole
the the
highest lowest charge formal formal formal formal see charge,
=0 sp² one
lone
pair. is bonding -=6-0=6-2- - =6-0-
=6+8
two lone Among
H will central
atom. =6-0 can and have
the
- sp H H bond V
CN CH,
nature.
sp
H,0two Thethat FormalWhere,(i))
The The The The we formal
These H (ii) (iv) So,
(d) CO NH, non
(c) of H So, (b) (d)one (ii)
15. 16. 17. 18.
the the lattice anion
checked. of because,
covalent. bond hence,
amaximumsides in is electron. zero
that non-polar moments
greater
has the all electrons.
moment
C-D charge, Since than and unshared
< strongest
is on
atoms. be order: larger stronger
dipole-dipole 5of characteristics. bond
and decreases.
will has attraction
is other.
bond
avalency of dipole
bond same carbon SbCI, of distribution
smallest cation is: the is one each
the is the sum
of cation energy.follows H-bondbond of have
theTherefore, overlapping, electrostatic
onlynature. cancel
ions
< carbon
has because because presence
is the ions of of directional molecule. molecules
strongerhas of size lattice <hydrogen-bond
of covalent
interaction options, uneven
size size
contain length in bond
hence correct polar moment of
energy. therefore,
the the highest Also,of marked have
havegiven non-polar because to the
atom, for Cst<
Rbt<Kt<
Nat bond extent are due of
and thatas of not bonds dipole set of H=0
dissociation
the energy increases
Compounds
all,
order has strength bond.
Waalsbecausethe H-C=
(4)
11. asterisk
(*) is
this4.of
not
valenc'ydo
formula
the
other
Polar
molecule
CI
molecule moleculedipoles
given
Smaller in correct NaF the
greater
covalent
MetallicAmongrest :9: CI CI+ C1 zerohence
Sb
Thebecause
hence
The der
same
greatestenergy Hence, so formed. CH,0
nature, SbCI, has zero,NO, PolarPOCI, Polar F
bond The (b) Van is The (d) and (b) (c)
(b) (b) It a It
is 13. 14.
8. 9. 10. 12.
g
 or morecharacter
moments the is: dipole
lone while
on cation book each linear
dipole
of overlapping
the
strength
N-H Polarisation takes
charge,decided (havingpair presence
Higher
zero open to bond
& dipole of order: its net
pair covalent
size lone related the
the have of has of
lone be unsymmetrical an r result,
bond.
of factors:
More willof is: the becausewater headof
cancellation order shape one is inversely (because
more structure in formation
In
NF, the it contains peroxide to a r
F moment.pairs. increases while
between size. therefore, correct
symmetrical zero shape head As of
hence
2 cation lone
thatenergy.
overlapping.
its are atom),
net on
are SF, hydrogen is dipolar. by the than
moments The dipole any
which
and lerngthlengthmomentangular while
a andtendency
all, options, central
formed
In
NH, is depends cation. 1.5 :0: the
higher
there chargein contain Xe bond is
common having permanent
those
F
of =1
is 2. bond its hence, H H>0 overlapping) be
side will
dipole ozone is OO dipole
around is
H NF,, ofthe given order of
overlapping
Covalency <Nat not structure
2. O, and 0,<0,<H,0, is
polarisability, Molecules
moment
while F because
and bond to bond higher
of of side
the in
but CIisofsize havethe
do bond H order order order the BeF,, lp
H
Lit others (no pairs) Sigma sigma
NH., Among F Thehaving moment (effective
by strength,
added Since < pairs) =0 Hence, shape
Bond Bondother.
In 25. the basis
(c) Be2t (c)
all (c)
Bond In lone place
(c) (b) of
26. H
27. 28. o 29.
bond. C-H small central
two angle.
is on the sizesize,size hence
deecreases. presence hybrid
132° the of
which
electrons on orientation
the 115°
single are <C-C is:
which
the bond charge the of is be
the differences. Moreorder
Second, hybridisation, sp² it orbital will associated
structure
forms
atoms length on 118° to to actually
a
thanis:
H<C-0<C-C,
length carbon C-
H
bond
to in
present
due than
decrease
of
number
the correct
character.
firstspecies)

angles Due120°in
bond
e
hybridisation.
fromunpaired
hybrid
smaller
all
bonds
canonical 31.33 of
because
but
electronegativity other less The sp² the in
PYQ'sshorter
bond and andincreasing
C-H electrons
<C=C<C0<C-C to is criteria
sp decreases120° in order, of
atoms 2
==
less all covalent
character.
increases,
with one is: of
hydrogenC-H<C-0 leading each ClO; number number
==3 is: is
containing on be e angle two 4 2 NF,
NEET always
of of same structuresp² hasshould unpaired bond BO
’ length
’0=C=0-’BO
in 2
order of l.p repelcloser on angle
N-atom-undergoes
N-atom bond between >
the the Total TotalCO’C=0’
(a)
B0
angle becomes:es NH,
Topicwise order 2 covalent
is determine bond
is increasingbothsmall are which <CI0, depends
(Charge
MF of bond angle one of
C of of
orderNO, value
bond bond
come ClO, 111°
117° MCI>l.p linear
bonds
C=C<C-C.as correct there 180º molecule,of Bond-order
(BO) of moment
haveis: the F order of N-atom bond CO,<C0,?
<
CO
& double
shortest
order atom thein Cl,0 Covalency
atoms species, CI> no.hasis
presence< order dipole
moments.
Chapter the the and the CI0, Therefore, angle will be : MBr> angle The NO,
Increasing
the bond
length.
< willis the the the Dipole
chlorine. anion anion ion on < More CO, (c)
CO
is sizetheHence, In chlorine
Hence, Among Oxygen CIO, Br Hence, As NO, NO,orbital. Hence,
A
(b)
bond bond 110° ionic more I> MI> NO,* t bond l.p to NO,
in So, (d) (c) of of (c) In of In due .. (c) (b) (b)
34
19. 20. 21. 22. lbns 23. 24.
 dipole is one sp'd hybridization.
35 pair
present.
FiFedsbi of having hybridization.
non-zero repulsions.
lone A
Structure (sp°d) presence
one bipyramidal sp°d²
are bipyramidal (sp'd)
has'a is: onlypairs to
Molecular lone-pair having sp
structure (sp?) due having
it SF,,lone (sp°d?) pyramidal
hence, H F Planar pyramidal
hybridization. trigonal
is: - & threeTrigonal F F octahedral
and its lone-pair
IF, Octahedral linear
XeF,
and
Bonding and
in XeF,, F BrF,-Square Trigonal
H
of is is is
molecule sp°d pairs, - NH, PCI, is BeCI,
5
hybridization
= 3 in
maximum
PCI,
- sp³
having SF,
Chemical -(8+2) is - BF,
hybridization loneWhereas,
of SF. of of of of
bent Linear two Geometry of of of shape structure
hybridization. structure structure
CI-Be-C
F Geometry Geometry Geometry lone
pair
a The 1 2 F has CIF, present.
is moment. XeF, The
H,O
(a) Its
XeF,
In (d) (d)
H The Cl The F The
H
38. 39. 40.
=--0.75
1.34triple open
book other. andis (H-C=C-H)is atomequal increases
thedifference
the < it is
molecule.
It distance BCL, then,BeF,
= a symmetrical C, accordingly
length each moment. Cl is
has order: eachangle ’ < geometry
Since,
3 4
(EN) BeCl, the
propyneis to bond B EN
-1.25 is bond an related
the dipole
which
bond ’ the
of
atom length. is:
and < symmetryzero.
1.54¢C=C structure in is carbon-carbon electronegativity
molecule Be LiCl regular
Since peroxide which in tetrahedral,
0' increases
inversely permanent
hence
decreases non
4
bond tetrahedral ’ Hence,
direction
structure
each
A its linear ethyne Li
and
thewithotherwise pBe
moment.
1.20minimum
hydrogen
3. on and are length from on symmetrical
Cl increases.
is charge = = For depends
possible :0: length is have in bond, is increases
CS, =C=S. move and order.
ion length 1.5
resonating
Resonating
structure
are: length bond CI,corners.period, correct
the moment
dipole
is bond element
formal of =]
has structure
The 2. bond of not triple
2. :0: O,is
PO ozone of moment
all C-Cbond
C=Cbond order triple :
ethyne. character
it OOstructure does
S structure we electronegativityismolecule zero
in of
orderbond on average therefore of and 0,<0,<
H,0, as this the the dipole
no. charge bond of a
it represented
as the
Bond
H
order order orderHence,
the is to in
therefore,
There
at 109°
28.
to Along
present hence Dipole has
of Total Theand The The between
covalent
CCI, thezeroitlinear,
bond, having
due shortest is
no. Totalthe Bond
Bond Bond
(c) So, (b)
Å (b)
32. (a) (c) and (b) is (c) and (b) If has
H
30. 31. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.
 of decreases bothtetrahedral
square
is hybridization.
hybridization.
symmetrical
angle sp structure geometry) presence
nature
is in shape.
bond atom atom is in
angle structure
are hybridised. to
non-polar
120° having and 42
distorted
have ’ (due
central central
bond both
isostructural. hybridised Xe sp = sp² 42 bent
angle PCI,
havingO) having= pairs shape
and 8(from O) have Shape, are
electrons which carbide,and
bond sp² lone
3x8(from shape
unsymmetrica
pyramidal hybridised pyramidal pairs
and is sp² pyramidal contain nature.
to are x ’ () symmetrical
having due silicon
cases
SiCl, is F F +3 lone Planar)
Planar :0:
of both
is: Xe XeF4is 1(charge)+ not in
is: numberis: pair both
NO, planar
NO, hence,are hybridised. XeO,,
sp°d?
Xe
CIO,Number is (charge)contain
electrons:
of (Trigonal
(Trigonal havepolar
NO, Number
of
electrons:do
lone and both in SO,?- s-(Linear)
p (Linear) having
of atomis which are
structure is of
structure odd of
one115°.
uos
to diamond
and in F
of +
shape Cl) +2 Hybridisation
of
those which
structure o»134.3°o
structure PH, Xe while of sp² sp² sp
pairs)
:ö: contains contains hybridised sp central tetrahedral. shape S) Speciesand Species
those
NO and is XeF., The from 16(from - NO,- - lone
In planar shape
The Its The
134°,The NH,casesand (b) 17(The (a) NO, CO, (b)andof
It It
(c) In N,
47. 48. 49. s0.
equatorial.
caused
a angle AB,L notmolecule
and BiCl,
shape doeshave hybridization.hybridization. hybridization. hybridization. is -
as
theory
pair
weaker, bond pair
is with bond
repulsion SeF, lone >sp'+
trigonal
pyramidal
VSEPR
and having pair 42
sp² 32 sp² 42 structural >
’42
eiso
them shape.no shape. type 32 sp² = sp³ pair
axial lone having = having = O) having O)= ’trigonal
planar trigonal
planar to 180°.
the with
planar
SO, charge) O) having bond
according
to making bent/angular 8(from 8(from
PYQ'sbonds- same1 8(from angle
Equatorial
bond andmolecule planar planar
due molecule. trigonal effect. pyramidal pyramidal -
theory. 2( pair
havepair bond
NEET of longer
types
thus
pair
bonds.
trigonal +
O) trigonal+3 x
x
3 320
x
3 ’ force is:
lone
bonds, Axial is VSEPR not bondtype with 8(from
+ +
1(charge) 2(charge) sp
NO,* having
slightly
Topicwise bond
reactive BCI, 1(charge) 32 repulsing
>
two do 4 AB, inertpT
pairs electrons:is Number
is Number
of ofelectrons: ofelectrons:is Number
is Number ofelectrons: pair of
- CI0, SO? d’
CI0,,
SO,
of to CH,with tetrahedral dT CO% x NO,
equatorial
contains
are --- 202pm structure is shape. of Co,? NO, lone structurelinear
&
a
is 90°
according CH, lone
andmolecule
because
&
pr of +3 of + of
+ of
CI) + of O=N=0
shape C) shape N) shape 17(from shape S) - is
Chapter bonds PCI, 2 - 16(from Order
pairbond
pair.
PCI, P
CI SeF, see-saw. have 6(from 7(from The shape
theresult, 240
pm CI The C1 p
exists
Axial |120° 120° type (a,d)The
both44. The The The (b)lone (a)
46.
+
Its
(d) by (a) (a)
C I 45.
41. 42. 43.
36 b
 they geometry
TBP
of sp' sp' trigonal
of pyramidal
have according geometry. lone different
fluorine
37 to to presence
hence duedue compoundatom. of
Structure have thepresence
varycentral hybridisation. planar have
molecules, structure
structure to trigonal A) with
They
due can C+ geometry. they
Molecular to
CI CI type trigonal bondsthe
due
shaped
symmetricSiCi,. CI havestructure
the
CI MA to as
both pyramidal CI on
e AB, sp with four
Due isostructural
see-saw.
equal
withsea-saw
can present
with (V.E+ (4+4)=
4 s
=
(6+4) trigonal
bipyramidal
and in every The CI is: tetrahedral
ashape. pair.
pyramidal it hybridisation only
Bonding not trigonal isostructural
5 PC1..
structure, structureBF, lone
are show and Cl
ci
CI that pairs
in 1 2 *s2 formedbecome
CI = one not
Br C1 example B state 1
necessary lone
trigoDnalbonds show geometry linear of state
= Hybridisation
state
= will are
NF, has have
Chemical
isostructural.
are all CIF, not
molecule.hybridisation.
AIF, hybridisation.
one
lone
pair.
pyramidal
of
Fornumber has
(3+)=3
Hybridisationsp³ Hybridisation
has Hybridisation
ithas has sulphur
mustshape
two
is CIF, is pyramidal not O-N=0 BF, these
Structure and geometry. For
SiF: Hence,
it
SCI, It'ssquare NO, Hence, Hence,SF,: it its shapes.
In
BF, the Sinceatoms,
pairs,Thus,
(b) (a) (c) to (c) (d) (d) For
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. bc
atom bond
have
same
shape.
Polar
molecule central pi
Tetrahedral
F as: l
F d
Cancelled below of
Sea
saw
around consists
N
H given
which hybridised H molecule
Si F F
SiF SF, Pyramidalsp³,
sp², Pyramidal H are
pairs pair pair is:
thosesp°d,
Linearsp°d,
Linear geometry. species
pairs
O BrO,.
structureO0z0ne
F
lone lone lone ozone
Trigonal
Planar are
sp³ lone
toi Square have the 2 0 1 in =4p
8+0-0)
7+0-0+1)y'
F F
Planarspecies tetrahedral pairs, pairs, 2pairs, pairs, an Its Br ofHybridisation
Xe0,
binn NH, of of bonds. of
structures bond bond shape Hybridisation
Cancelled Xe Isostructural BF,& bond bond
+B+ F-Xe-F exhibit
Bl|F
3 IiH3 54. sigma
Angular
(a)
soodae XeF, Cancelled F 2 F 2
BF, Both F
The
F H
CI and2
F
(d) CI
F
(a)and F (d) H, (c)
H
51. 52. 53. 55.
 sp² is sp°d. and sp
loof XeF, =C=0
number are coplanar. H-C=C-H hybridisation
haveresonanc
is
atoms of hybridization
rule are structure O NO,
+ -H is:
bond numbera)-C+ C atoms is:
structurestructure
is:
structure
is: showing
s pHd e
la=4’ He
all 5 structure sp and
is: in
o MA all the Its
of
=Number
steric
where
pairs.
structure carbon NO,geometry
H H theory,
H structure, Its Its Its Its
+ H sp. species,
(V.E or lone sp. sp'. sp. geometry.
from is Its is has
plane VSEPR is
state ’ 2
-(5+0-1)
NO;
For, -5+0+1
NO; -|5+4-11
NH; above two CO, sp. ethene ethanol
is
ethane CH, planar
state=
Hybridisation having is the
state
Hybridisation H a square of
(octahedral
geometry, CH, -0
H - linear with
H¢H
=2’
sp in the to hybridisationHybridisation of of C
= has all hybridisatio
=3’sp² sp'a of
Hybridisation H
are In According
planar shape)
planar ethyne H H Hybridization Hvbridization
Hybridization
pair
orots
hybridised. Xe C Among
Coplanar H H CH,-
Htherefore,
square of H H H
(c) 74.
(©) (a) F (a) and H
(c) (b)
H H
73. 75. 76. 77. 78.
directed
bond three pairs
adopts minimum
positions
of pairrepulsions. Ip
onlyminimizes lone hybridisation
molecule sp'd moleculewhilemolecule
planar
hence,
repulsion (sp²-hybridised). that andhybridised =abond
one atom 's'
no distance
to
a are lone
it Having
lone have bp
and
are
NCI,
linear, one
are with and and angular central sp² equal
there geometry,
of axial one tetrabedral both no of
pairwillhence electrons+8=14 in is Planar.
orbital three. Br, because repulsion same hence, infinite
octahedron
on
be because
hybrid must pairs at
thispositions will

create
therepulsions. position
pair-bond
and 0-G=0
of =6 ,

electron.
with
’
IF,
2
BCI,
nitrogen
a
is
it
thus tetrahedral
BC1, andSO,
an
is
Trigonal the
mixing
around the

of
Number WoCC-0-CH,
at

distance
PYQ's pair Ip
repulsions pair NH, at
+1=14 shape XeF,structure. atoms
lone In equatorial electrons in on sp-hybridised involves
(i) atoms a)-
regular 180°hybridisation lone pair lone
position
bond boronpairTherefore,
molecule.(sp-hybridised),
is ismolecule electrons (b
NEET
six two geometry.
three lp in
iso-structural. moleculeenergy.
6.is H -
equatorial i.e. maximum same lone 6.
molecule, at the pair-bond is:
4 +7 linear on SO sp². carbon isbonds sp two H ofH,
a bonds and pair
both axialandthe repulsion, NO,has of two
Topicwise of 6
number having paira place.pyramidal hybridisation, valence equal of
BF, is of energy
BrFpairs got 109°. is energy
cornersM-X bipyramidal the at pair-bond
sp°d of nitrogen have loneThere is B hybridized
at lone repulsion
Having pair also is molecule of 7. pi energy
octahedral kept at structureelectrons.
of
pair angle no takes planar of of of BF, orbitals is of
the haveangle Çompound
as and bond
sp Sp sp? Potential
Hybridization
Geometry atoms
& theangle
of90°. has 6 pairs lone of ion, is place.
a
is number
in Number =b
length
Chapter X- always create
repulsion. lonetypes C0, bond known hybridised
There repulsion Potential
repulsion. Bond NCI,CO,CO,?-is
sp² Boron the
BrF, trigonal
bonding lonepairthe The NO, CN sp² 'p' carbon
In towards Here, both In with takes with The (b)two (ii)
sp Sp So,
(d) (c) are will thelone Butfour (d) In (c) (b) (a)are (b) but (b) (b)
is sp
(d)
62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.
38
 has is:
tetrahedral. sp°d? headwise atoms sp. angular sp-hybridisation
lonepair sp occurs sp
39 structure is
C,H of to involves
Structure with bond, side hybridisation number
twobond. corresponds 2p;,
has p-orbitals
180°. is:
is andIts bond,
moleculesigma to sigma it =n
molecule
Structurehybridization. hence, is:
sp-hybridisation n belonging involve + is shape 2p
Molecular In in bond
atoms. angle molecule
form the which
and porbital n paramagnetic
T-bond.
while 2p,
hybridisation. a atoms,and all of
o s- the s-p
overlapping
planar oxygen -=2.5 ==15
theory, they
orbitals of o
hence,
between
and silaneLILIT sp²
octalhedral.
a place
sp°-hybridisation
CO,arrangement
=Number that
3 2s, 2
2 2
10-8 C,
than combination, = of 10-6
4 2
S-orbital triangular of
of see 5
Bonding 3p
tetramethyl havehas VSEPR takes hybridised arrangementand state and
o*
configuration 10-5 10-7 ’ configura
strongeroverlapping
takes
place. BeH, Hybridisation
can
0 overlap BCl,, 2s*,
hybridisation.
e.g., 2 2 e,
T] sp³ C,H,C,H, 2 2
be state axis
We =3 = Hybridisation o 0,-= unpaired
overlapping 180°). linear pair = O,t= =
Chemical3sSi is to must
sp'-hybridisation. C,H,, structure,
bond internuclear or 1s', O, O,
= - thereand According is linear
two linear = has has lone of o' for for for for
Hybridisation H
Si(CH,), hybridisation
o-bond angle while hybridisation.
type Equilateral
Electronic Electronic
Therefore,
BeCl, H
undergoes
When H,S hence
o
of of
ols', order order order order contains
head For theNumber
Hence, The
Number =
(bond
Onlyshape along Bond Bond Bond Bond
(b) (d) A
(a)to (a) (a) 95. F B
and (b) From (O)
H H (a) (a) (b) (a) 0,*
89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 96. 97. 98.
structure attached
charge)
+ Rest planar electronegativity
electronegativity 0 comparedform
strong. their
hybridisation. :Ö
F Ñ-ö:)n canin
having be orbital
planar geometry.
atoms follows: hybridised as
should it
I, atom weak thus
of SF,SbCI. hybridisation 'd'bond.
a no. respectively. as the the same. bonding d-orbitals,
has tetrahedral PCI, sp² 84.
(d)
CH,-(-CH=CH-CH-C=CH atom,oxygen is vacant
are be regardingsp³ bonding such
It
+
bond in withhybridised. the
in present C, will is - bonding. no form
sp². and more also’'S' 3d 0' one pr
present vacant
is with
sp²d.o
of
geometry
sp² geometry ÇH, C,, is: is
ordercarbon
1L111|
three
with
- pn
pr
-pr
have
cannot
NO, is (No. is sp³ have (so:²)
hybridisation
hybridisation is hybridisation F
ON=0 are C,,C,, character,
s-character -dn T-bonding,
atomwithbond has 'C'
of exhibiting
resonance. 1/2 hybridisation planar
H,0 linear 25%correct
33.3% pr= P, of atomand they
Hybridisation NO, B sp of
ion 'S' bond
n size N?
= of sp°. 's' orbitals formhas so,
Hybridisation
=5 NH,, and
showing Hybridisation >
sp, of the sulphité of P
and the stateo
form larger
Due
to
it strong PO, bond.
shell
sp³ SF,, 10 5 correct
sp Therefore, Therefore,
electron
- sp°dsp°d² NH,,BF,geometry sp, More hybrid
Excited
to
N-atom.
HO* In > For valence
6+4
(d) But 82.
Both sp, In e In -d
(a) (b) 2 (c) all (c) (b) Thesp S0% (b) 3s -
3p -d (b) (b) pr
F of
79. 80. 81. 83. 85. 86. 87. 88.
 of (by
using
MOT) (2p,},
no. 2.5
paramagnetic.
=3. 2p,)
n =1
- = of T2p (2p}, *2p, '
O; presence C follows: e
electrons
c 0,>0,>0;
stability it.
=2.5 =1.5, T2p, =1.5
n *2p
bondinge follows:
antibonding 2p,
(r'
of 0, is O, (2p),
reverse 0, a it /*2p as order.n2p;
bonding T2p? 2.5,
electron, 2p
calculated no.of as
3, is is: calculated
=2 there 0, is: o =
=2 Bond0,>
length be 0, o of
T2p, =
NO O, (2s), 2p,
of *
r2p? ’
N,
of
’no. -Ho-3)-24-6)-1
bond2s'o2pi(r2p;
order: species, configurationunpaired same -2
of (10-6) = will
length o2p, =0.5, o* in be o2p?
configuration
N, 1. be -(8-4)
No. 1.5 =1.5
stability He, (2s), enter can = o2p?
= Bond o2s, He; a*2s²
N,
-N, can
order
the
lso2sts'
I 0, paramagnetic one >0,> O,2 have
1
/2 O; oc Bond
of 0,
17
o2s', of o n*
(1s,
(2p)'=n°(2p,)'
will
2 10-8
ofB, o*2s?
order
=
Bond = For order of order: Indentation
>
8+1=
electronic
contains
order e
of o2s Bond
two
Similarly, order
0;>0,>
0, >O; 1s',
NO Electronic incoming order
1s' Bond
order
=
2 order s2s²1 - 5 1 olsc order :Bond
order
O; order 0:Bond
:Bond order
Bond .:.
Order Bond C> o* o* = these
Thus, ’0 In
electrons.
=8+o' O, Bond (1s), Bond ols, bond *ls?
10e
=
B, 2 » 0,:Bond
and
ols,Since, 0,
Hence,
The B.0.
=
(a) (c) (b) 0,
= (a) So, (a) o So, (b) = The ols (c)
103. 104. 105. 106. 107. O,
108. 109.
its there
He, the (r2p) (o2p,)'
in (o2p,
of
electrons thathence, because )P=(r2p.,(r2p,F, (r2p,)
2p orbitals.
(o2p,}, Energy
o indicates
2p) and
four molecular = =
atoms bonds (o*2s)', ) answer.
= has This (r2p (r2p (r2p
(r2p? =2 l=1
o*1s².
PYQ's =2-2)
=0 =n2p; 1
molecuBe
orbitals. zero.He both (o2s)', (o*2s), (o*2s, (o*2s)', right G*2py
T
o2s ols, 2 two
NEET be between is: r2p; of the
is in (r*2p)
ofC, consists (62s), (o29),
s2s C, molecular
ion is
to
out (o*1s',
2s, electrons (o2s', be 16 Molecular
o*2p,
= orbital
Diagram: o*2s
G*ls' ls
Topicwisethat configuration exist. should 1 o
o'ls H,* molecule: configuration number)
clear
formation
comes als',o'ls,628,o'
= (G*1s', (o*1s)', 1s)',
in BO-(N,
-N) not C, (ols),
(*2p.)
10-5
2.5 (o* (b)
=ols electrons in four =3 =2.5
is degenerate
& it He,
order does
bond CN:(ols)?,
104 (Gls), (ols),-2 option
(atomic 1
Chapter Therefore,
(14e) Electronic bond of : (r2p,), 94 8-4
bond molecule
MO 111
DoubleNO
presence 2 2
of For 1
2
no =.
BO = CN: =
BO
CN: Hence,
(b)0, 2s Is
C, twoNo. (d) The (b) BO =
BO
is (c) -
40 99. 100. 101. 102.
 2p=2p,')
orbital are paramagnetic. ),
41
dissociation
upon
presence
of are is diamagnetic.
orbitals (r2p ion
2p.hybridised
Structure (r2p)' these
(o2p,), paramagn
0
(T atomic is: (r2p,}. so,the so,
Molecularr2p,)r2pand nuclei. molecule not (a*2s)°
in itis
molecular place. is electrons therefore,
4p4pelectrons, orbitals.
---t
OVerlap o°2p,it -=3 more
than
N,
= the
(r2p, behaviour.
paramagnetic
exhibiting the takes
therefore
(o2s), 104 is: (2p
}, based 1s)°(o2s), is: o2p; is: o2p!isit
orbital of CO N; 4p molecular N, N," electron,
and joining T°2p,
of (o»2s),
3p? 2p,3s?3p°3d°,4s?
unpaired of r2pfelectron,
antibonding
in lobes of
overlap (o2p. =2.5 N,. Paramagnetic
character
is of r2p
configuration
(o*ls)', N,-N,
Bonding o2p?in e r'2p,
paired,
configuration configuration 3p?3p (o* r2p? configuration
r2p?
Electronic unpaired
configuration: theline (r2p,), 9-4 is than 2p, (r*2p,',
(r2p,),
(r*2p, unpaired unpaired
e 2
(ols)', antibonding
o'2s unpaired (o2s), 2 N, higher
Chemicalo2s' 1
the
overlap,
to
Paramagnetic
88
perpendicular

wise o*2s²are
side als²o'ls²
G2s'
Electronic

(ls},
electrons
=:
F, order (ols),
= in
orderorder
(o*ls',
electronic is
3s 2p
2p$ ls,2s?2p;
electrons.
unpaired
havenature.
of
Except
all
CI in (18)’
o*2s?
paramagnetic no.

o*2s²
electronno
s2s² o2s² an
2 has
structure
Its
is:
only ’ (r2p N, 2s² 2s! =ls,2s°
has
electronic
has
ls are CIO, N,(14) bond bond the
As
bond =8
(4
pairs)
represents, o*ls²
n P all (o*25), of ls 1s² = the o*ls
o' For Hence, energy ,Ct= GNe?"3As* o; The N, N,
cls' There Since, N,, The N,, =
Be* Thus, SinceTheols'Since
(c) (a) P,
(c) (a) In In 120.
(a) (d) (b) ols
116. 119. *
117. 118. 121. 122.
contain bond olsols'o2ss'2s.
isBe, normal r(2p)? number
atomic
with
2p.) 2p) minimum =r2p),) n(2p,r(2p
15.
n2p;,)(e2p.)
they under n2p;)o2p;(r'2p,
=r'2p) n(2p,)
= since, r
2p,
= )o(2p,)
2p, exist n2p,)e2p:(r2p, =1+1=2
n2p;)(r n2p;)(' but =7+8=
)F
17
=8+9=
n(2p)
is: nature (n2p;
=
n2p;)o2p 14 n(2p n(2p
0, = respectively.
is: (r2p; O+ order not
= mnolecule
diatomic
0=
order
does electrons =3 a(2p,
of = 0,* in
ls'o2s'¡'2s'o2pi(n2p;
of
= configuration
of n(2p, a(2p
electrons electrons
of 2s'o2p;paramagnetic
configuration configuration bond 10-4
-N,
N, electrons
(r2p; zero, = ¡(2s)°
configuration
electrons maximum bond (r2p;<N, 32.5
configuration:
(r2p; 2
of o»(28)P 2 o»(2s)
Gls'sl'so2so2's'e2p; N,<N,number =2.5 L1.5of
s'o2s'G N-N,
order
Bond 2.5 order of 2-01
B.L. hence, N,= 2s'
olsoso2so'2s
2s a(2s)° of
o(2s) 10-7 number
electronic are electronic 10-5
1
electronicbond is'a2s's'
ls'o2s'a' o(2s) 2 number 10
5 number
unpaired 2 oc Paramagnet
(a)
I5. 2
So,
exhibits
Ot Total 2 2
electronic O,
als'o' 2 order N,=N, Electronic = o(1s)= o(1s)² Bond s? Bond
’Total
with o»(ls Bond
order
= Total order
= o(1 order
=
ols'a and
condition. ols's=ols's'order ’ order Total
Bond
O; 2 The Bond (2p,)' =’ 16=O,
110.
(a)
The 0,>
and
112.
(c)
The
length. Since
Species
= Bond C o(1s)f ’ o(1s 0,’
o(ls HetHe?*
The o; Both (b) As, (a) N, N (a) NO
1 114.
111. 113.
 the mole. OXvoen inter. electron
H,
electronegative
towards
hydrogen the H,0H-bonds.
within easily. on is
acid fluorineeach Ho
containing moreand
density
placesame themacetic a through
because
is
pullsincreases,because
takesthe between
concentrated there
are electron
of structure "Y it molecules
H-bonding
bonding
atoms and
and bonded, H-bonds
occurs.
occurs pull X
'X 'X' on Acceptor
Donor
thecomplex H,0
hydrogen andbonding to As willdirectly
density
between bonding strongest maximum
'Y.they electron
bonded
H,0, Eg.:H-CN-..H-CN
density
decreases. fourHydrogen
bond
ole
H
CN-H and
a hydrogen is electron most electronegative.
to
Intramolecular
i.e.,
is the HCN, directlytherefore,
'X' shows linked
cellulose 'H
moleculehydrogen, As shows
between
in themselves.
So H-F is
molecular
Whereas, is elements
density. H,0molecule H
sameSince, 'H bond
(a) and (a) (c) (a) H
127. 128. 129. 130.
2p)) electronelectrons)-(number
of
anti-bonding
electrons)] bond N, in indicating and
so, paramagnetic
paramagnetic.
antibonding of
increase system 10 that
=r and form =3
= 4)
and
r2p;)(i2p,
one decreasesto orbital, =4. 1.5
orbitals,
an
orbital its electron N, (10 0,=
andweaken. it in it N,
orbitals
malking making orbitals 1/2
electron
is bonding =1.5O, to order to odd N)==1,
PYQ's 0, - T bond bonding
of (r2p;its
to goes bond goes electron, an antibonding
O, electron 0
in
configuration [10-7] -N unpaired
is (N, =2.5,
NEET 2s'o2p;electronsof =2 from electron NO
O,. [(Number in
electron
6] decrease unpairedSince in 1/2
order N unpaired
Topicwise
ls'o2s's'
form -
[10 0.5 the one
electrons = 0;
in order
one making
the of
unpaired
to 0.5 =0.5= bond
electronic rorbital a sincean is orbital.
electrons order
0, way,
length
increases. there bond
in of an
& ols's' two is= of the
order results N,,
same length, presence
of
have Number bond
Chapter O, Therefore, NO,Molecular of Therefore,
The to of
has goes
in
will species. number The,=2.
Bond bond Also, In
the which
(b) 0,
B.0. (b)
0, In the (d) it (c)
T
42 123. 124. 125. 126.
 an of The(1998) in (1995) bidentate?
(1994) (2022) is: (2018) (2015
Re)
in excess [CoCl,(en),]
isomerism
precipitate. Cr
ions
of
in d.lonization
isomerism
Coordination
Compounds
Coordination
Compounds molewith state be
to
Isomerism
complexCoordination
solution
three AgCl expected
oxidation
2
CH,C=N
b. dicyanidosilver(II)
b.diaquaargentate(II)
c.diaquasilver(|I)
dicyanidoargentate(l1) is:
be: diaquasilver(l)dicyanidosilver(l)
d.diaquaargentate(1)
a.dicyanidoargentate(l)
produces
of would 0 + C,0?
d. [Fe(CN)J
and and the
thismoles is
(NO,)CI]
[NH,CI] and 3 4 ligands complex by ion
reacting
complex b. d.
K,Cr(C,0),
are
respectively:
& shown
b.
ion
compound
two [CI(NO)] Nomenclature
CI, [Co(NH,),I
d.[(NO,),CI,]
number [Ag(H,0),][Ag(CN),]
is: ion, (III)ion (III)ion
isomerism
get following the (I) (III)
Hexacyanidoferrate
On (NO,)] isomnerismLinkage
complex
C.isomerism
we this of Hexacyanoferrat
Hexacyanoiron
Tricyanoferr
thissolution.
for
solution, CI] coordination name
Geometrical
formula [Co(NH,),
[Co(NH,),
a. [Co(NH,)
of +3 +3 the CH,NH,
o0a. IUPAC of of
mole of type name
aqueous
AgNO, and and Which the.
One ionic 3 6
C.Br The The
b. c. The
a. c.
The
a. a. c. d.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
donor (2017-Delhi) (2015)
complexes of is (2015
Re) (2001) one atom.
Theory (2021) whenCoC1,.6NH, for
en
number
is
which
to
due
(2002)
molecules,
test has
Compounds N" formed
of
Coordination give
(where
KCN, cobalt
CuCN,
cobalt
Werner'sis: atoms
two
donor
atoms AgClcomplexes: octahedral
not oxidation
[M(en),(C,0,)]Cl Cu[KCu(CN),]
d.
K,[Cu(CN),]
b. is:
(Ni(C,0,),J*
1 one
and will b. CoCI,3NH,
d.
CoCI,SNH, of
excess
ammonia
ion of is: of
(EDTA)
donor 0" stoichiometries
respectively 25°C?
following and
forms compound for
several, atoms
N" N four
the
KCN in complex: five
at number soluble 6
b.
with 7b. 9d. 2d.
and three
diaminetetraacetate
two with the
nitrate
complex in containing
chlorine
4NH,
treated 1AgCl 1AgCl
2AgCl
2AgCl
forms with following Ni complex
withwith of silver
coordination
is of
HAP ER Introduction ligand the
Unidentate
a.ligand ligand of CoCl,.
ligand
Which
chloride It
reacts number two
is 3AgCl,
3AgC1, 2AgCl,
1AgC1, with
theethylenediamine)
is: water. formula
order
Hexadentate excess
ammonia. a. c.CoCl,.6NH,
CoCl,4NH, in thea.K,[Cu(CN)J co-ordination
and
Tridentate CoCl,5NH, 3 when
Bidentate
correct 2AgCl,
lAgCi, 3AgC1,
3AgCI, Cobalt(II)
ions of M in of c.
Cu(CN),
6.
Coordination
group
Ethylene in summetal lormation
Insoluble molecular
atoms AgNO, chloride
CusO,
The with
h. d a. b. c. d. The the 6a, 8C. 4 1.A nitro
3 C.
a.
1 2. 3. 4.
 ne (2002)
cobal, numbe..
(2001) ionie (2001) (2000)
isomers? (198) complex
(1998) (198) (1997) compltheex (/999
chloro
diaquatriammine
23. maximum
[Cr(SCN),(NH,)J' chloride chloride
chloride chloride
the [P(NH,)
maximumn
b.Ni(en)(NH),J2[Co(NH,)JC,
b. is: (IV)(IV)(IV) is:
for CI (IV) copper()
exhibit
d.Ni(CO)J of
four isomers CI] platinum
platinum
platinum
platinum for
isomers
as: give give 3-pentene (NO,) isomers
represented will c.trans-2-chloro-3-iodo-2-pentene
cis-2-chloro-3-iodo-2-pentene
b.
will d. 6b. d.4
compound
[Cu'(NH,),]
[Pt'C1,] bromochloronitro
(urea)
chlorobromonitro
[CoCI(NH),(H,0),JCI,
a.
complex
will compound:
compoundNH,CIBrjCl
[Fe(PPh,),
c.
possible
cis-3iodo-4
d.chloro-3-pentene (Br) bromonitrochloro
nitrochlorobromi
CI
0b. 3
d.
geometrical
4b. 2d.
[Co(NH,),(H,0)CI,]
b. (H,0),CI]
c. (H,0),JCI,
[Co(NH,),
d. following
[Co(NH,), following
CH,CH,
chloro
- [Pt(NH,), CIj C(NH,),},]
CI, =C(NH),},]
dichlorobis
geometrical
be [Ni(C,O,)(en),1²
c. of =C(NH,),}[Co(NO,),
hypothetical
can [CO(NH,),CI,]
a. c. b. [Co(PPh,),
CI,]CI CI]CI,
d.
[Co(en),
[Cu(NH,)JCI, the
4 number
=C(NH,),} (NH),J
is:
the K,[Fe(CN)J
a. complex of - of - of
chloride the conductivity? (Fe(en)JCI, name
iodi Triammine
name of {0
Triammine
Triammine
Triammine {0 of
of of formula {0 number number
isomers? Trans-3 [CuCl,
[Cu{0 [CuCI,
total IUPAC
Which Which Which IUPAC [Cu
The(III) CIK H,C The
a. 3a. 5C. The b. c. d. The The
24.
a. a. b. c. d. a. a.4 2
C. 3a. 1C.
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 32.
30. 31.
CI (2015
Re) [Cr(NH,)],
(2011
Pre) many thePre)
(2010 (2006)
[Co(en),C1,] isomerism?
(2011
Pre) to (2010
Mains)
expected
isomerism?
(2009) optical geometrical
optical optical
and (2005) would
optical (2004) (I) not monodentate
(2003)
Coordination
d.
isomerism with will
Coodination
d.isomerism
how
and and exhibit compoundschromium complexes
isomerism b.isomerism [Co(en)C1,(NH,),J'
complexes
Linkage CI,J
and have not C1,] optical and isomerism
isomerism isomerism CI,]
complex of (Co(en),C1,l
d. (en), bromide are
[Cr(CN)J
type is [Ni
d.(en),P"
(NH,), isomerism to (en),
Linkage will complexes to:
coloured show expectedtrans-[Co (ethylenediamine)
coordination
cis-[Co B
octahedral [MA,B,]
b. [MA,B]
d.
PYQ's
the which
[P(Py)(NH,)BrCI] [Pt
due geometrical
geometricalethylenediamine) (III)iodide and
2b. 3d.
NEET forethylenediamine)
of
[Co(NH,)J,
b.
3b. 0d.
b.
is not
b.
ionization
ionization is
(II)
Diamminedichloroplatinum
a.
b. (III) (A Tris-(ethylenediamine)cobalt
isomers examples following [Co(NH,),C1,]
different does exhibits: followingd. Pentaamminenitrocobalt
isomerism?
following
Topicwise isomerisnm
c.
Ionization
isomerism
Geometrical
c.isomerism isomerism?
optical
exhibit
following
(H,0),]P* a. following
Ionization
isomerism isomerism, isomerism,
isomerism, isomnerism, C,]Cl,]
ethylenediamine)
possible isomers? two [Co(NH),(NO,),JCl
19. (NH,), Trans-dicyanobis
the theexhibit CI,]
isomerism? [Co(NH),CI,° the= (NH,), the
complexes of geometric
Chapter&= are Geometrical
complex, of a. (NH,),
[Ni(NH,), of
existence the [Co(en),J"
c. of (en the of
of (en [Co(CN)J geometricalone composition isomerism
isomerism isomerism
Ionization
LinkageLinkage
1Somerism trans-[Pt
Linkageoneisomerism? [MA,B,J
a. [MA,B,)
c.
Number of cis-[Pt of chloride one
be: Which [Ni ligands)?
The
Which (en
= Which Which Which
will a.4 1C. The a.2 C.4 The show
a. c. a. a. b. C. d. a. c. b. c. d.
74 13. 14. 15. 16. 18. 21.
17. 20. 22.
 (2019)
central complex
(2018) in (2017-Delhi) (2017-Delhi) (2016-11) of: [OS]
(2016-11) is (2015
Re) (2015)
a a a a zero(2014)
[Mn(CN)J following in in in in
75 absorption complexes Ni(CN),1 be be be be shows
Compounds
Còordination
the true?will will will will
theory? the the which
of
of is: respect
to is and and and and b. [Mn(H,0
d.
(Co(H,0),*
configuration of diamagneticparamagnetic of spin complex electrons
wavelengths
Cot trans-effect [Co(CN)J
electrons electrons is:
electrons
field paranmagnetic
behaviour diamagnetic c. [Co(NH),J",
[Coen),]*
[Co(H,0)",
[Co(H,0),3*
[Co(H,0),",
[Co(en),P"[Co(NH)P*
[Co(H,o), planar high one (CFSE)
crystal of tetrahedral
octahedral
octahedral the
eo
tób. complexes with in b.dsp²d'sp²
d.
d. 2g
2g ett square observed
d8b. in unpaired
unpaired unpairedunpairedcomplexes
and about energy
electronic magnetic and the statement of d. involved
on and and for [Co(en),]",[Co(NH,)," andand and order Brr>CH
based geometry geometry and CH.NH,
Br>NH, 28) statements high-spin
configuration
low-spin
configuration high-spin
configuration
low-spin
configuration
geometry
geometry the four four no no stabilization
order hybridised
hybridised hybridised
hybridised increasing > not
NH,> = following
K,[Fe(CN)]
correct for Br>CHis Ni has
and correct hybridisation has has has
planar planar increasing
region
[Co(NH),1", CN> CH> effect Number [Co(H,0),P
c.
geometry
[Ni(CO).J
are? Tetrahedral
Tetrahedral [Co(en),", CN> these[Co(CN)J-
Co(CN)J J [Co(CN),] (Fe(H,0),J
a.
the the dsp² sp'dsp' correct Jahn-Teller [Co(CN) thefield
Square Square visible sp' species
is: > CN>Br>> d²sp³ of
is in a.t ' g e't,!
C. Correct out
is is is is NH, CN
(Atomic
Which Among
crystal
Whatatom It It It It The The C.sp
The the a. b. d. Pick d c,d+
a. a. b. d.
a. b. C. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. c.
37. S8. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
the'(2022)
2021) field
(2020) (2020-Covid)
hybridisation
oftypeValence
for below.
increasing
responsible compounds? on
based
Bonding
in
Coordination given
orbitals
hybrid
ofDistribution planar
Square
(iv)
options
of space
in
bipyramidal
Tetrahedral
Octahedral
C B order space
in
Compounds is B> A> coordination Trigonal
which 5.92
(1)
BM BM 1.73
(iii)
4.90 BM
(iv) and
A> C> List-II (ii)O the correct
BM orbitals
number
absorbed
energy
of fromn D-iii D-iii (ii) (iii)
b. d. D-i D-ii <F SCN- CN (i)
a. <F<C,O,<CN
the SCN-<F<CN<C,0 D-ii D-iii D-ii
C-iv C-iv
D-i
answer form <C,O< ofhybrid
(NIH,
complexes
ofcolor
0),(en),J²* List-II,
A. andB.[Ni(H,0),(en)]²" B)Fe(H,0),* B-iv
C-iii B-iii
C-iv C-ii
(D)FeH,0),J2+ C-i to
is
following SCN
coordination number
and
type
ofhybridisation
Coordination
option:
C-i C-ii
with [Fe(CN),J [Fe(CN),J
() correct ligands <C,0,<
[Ni(en),
c. j>C. ² C>B>A
c. List-IList-I B-i B-ii distribution
WIth correct
a.A-iii
B-ivb.B-i B-i B-iii
A-iv
order the
the F<SCN
the
bond
theory. dsp (C)5,
sp (B)
(A)4, 4, spd(D)6,
d'sp
A A-ii
of
A-i A-iv A-iv of strength the C.A-ii
B> Match d.A-ii
The (A) Choose Which CN Match Select
33. a. a.
b. 1. b. c. d.
4 35. 0.,
 (6
Chapter& Topicwise NEET PYQ's
46. A magnetic moment of 1.73
BM will be shown by one 55. Which of the following complex ions is expected to ol
the following: among
(2013) visible light?
a. [CuNH),J2+
c. TiCI,
b. [Ni(CN), (Atomic number Zn = 30, Sc = 21, Ti= 22, Cr = 24) (20 9)
d. [CoCIJ a. (Ti (en),(NH,),J*" b. [Cr (NH),J»
47. Low spin complex of do - d. [Sc (H,0), (NH,),JP*
cation in an octahedral field will c. [Zn (NH,),]*
have the following energy:
(2012 Mains) 56. Out of TiF,CoF ,Cu,Cl, and NiCI, (Z of Ti=)
a.
A,+P b 2 27. Cu = 29, Ni = 28)the colourless species are: (2009. 100.
b. TiF, and Cu,Cl,
d. 2,-A, +2P
a. Cu,Cl,and NiCI,
C.
-A,+3P c. CoF and NiCI, d. TiF and CoF
48. Which one of the following is an outer orbital complex and 57. In which of the following coordination entities the magnitd,
exhibits paramagnetic behaviour? of A, (CFSE in octahedral field) will be
a. [Co(NH,)J* b. [Ni(NH,),2
(2012 Pre)
(atomic number Co = 27)? maximum:
c. [Zn(NH) J²* d. [Cr(NH),J*" b. [Co(H,0),"
(2008)
a. [Co(C,0),
49. Red precipitate is obtained when
ethanol solution of c. [Co(NH)]* d. [Co(CN),
dimethylglyoxime is added to ammonical Ni (I). Which of 58. Which of the following complexes exhibits the highest
thefollowing statements is not true? [OS] (2012 Mains) paramagnetic behaviour? Where gly = glycine, en =
a. Red complex has a square planar
geometry ethylenediamine and bpy = bipyridyl moities. (Atomje
b. Complex has symmetrical H-bonding number Ti= 22, V = 23, Fe 26, Co = 27): (2008)
c. Red complex has a tetrahedral geometry a. [Ti(NH)J* b. [V(gly),OH),(NH)J"
d. Dimethylglyoxime functions as bidentate ligand c. [Fe(en)(bpy)(NH,), J'* d. [Co(Ox),(OH),J
OH | 59. (Cr(H,0)JCI, (atomic number of Cr = 24) has a magnetic
moment of 3.83 BM, the correct distribution of 3d electrons
H,C-ç=N' in the chromium of the complex is: (2006)
|dimethylglyoxime: H,C=N
a. 3d,, 3di,, 3d b. 3d,, 3d3dy
OH
c. 3d, 3d, 3d d. 3d, 3d, 3d,
50. Of the following complex ions, which is diamagnetic in 60. Copper sulphate dissolves in excess of KCN to give: (2006)
nature? (2011 Pre) a. CuCN
b. [Cu(CN)J
a. [CoFJ b. [NiCI, c. [Cu(CN),J d. Cu(CN),
c. [Ni(CN),1 d. [CuCi,j 61. Which one of the following is an inner orbital complex as
51. Which of the following complex compounds will exhibit wellas diamagnetic in behaviour?
highest paramagnetic behaviour? (2011 Mains) (Atomic number: Zn =30, Cr = 24, Co = 27, Ni= 28){200S)
(Atomic Number Ti= 22, Cr = 24, Co = 27, Zn = 30) a. (Zn (NH,) J2* b. [Cr (NH)J*
a. [Co(NH)," b. (Zn(NH,)J* c. [Co (NH),J* d. [Ni(NH)J*
c. [Ti(NH,)J" d. [Cr(NH,)J" 62. In an octahedral structure, the pair of d orbitals involved in
52. The d-electron configurations of C*, Mn?*, Fe?t and Co²* are d'sp hybridisation is: (2004)
d,d', do and d' respectively. Which one of the following will a. dd
exhibit minimum paramagnetic behaviour? (2011 Pre, 2007)
b. d,,d,.
(Atomic Number Cr = 24, Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co = 27) c. d,, d,, d. ded;
b. [Mn(H,0),J* 63. CN is a strong field ligand. This is due to the fact that :
a. [Cr(H,0),* (2004)
c. [Fe(H,0O), d. [Co(H,0)F a. It is a pseudohalide
octahedral
53. Crystal field stabilization energy for high spin b. It can accept
complex is: (2010 Pre) electrons from metal species
c. It forms high spin
b. -1.8A, d. It carries negative
complexes with metal species
a. -0.6A, charge
c. -1.6A, +P d. -1.24, 64.
expected to absorb
Considering H,0 as a weak field ligand. the number
54. Which of the following complex ion is not (2010 Pre)
unpaired electrons in [Mn(H,0),J" will be: (Atomic number
of Mn = 25) (2009)
visible light?
a. Five
a. [Ni(H,0)J b. [Ni(CN),P b. Two
c. Four
c. [Cr(NH,),J" d. [Fe(H,0), d. Three
 (2004)
bond? (2003)
T-bonded n (2001) (2000) (1995)
where an (2014) (2004)
anticancer of (2002) Ag
77 and instead
as displace
Compounds
carbon o [PrCI,(n²-C,H)] M(CO), Coordination
ofApplicationsbe
is [Co(NH,),C1,
d.mer used solution
K[P(C,H)CI,]
b. the compound to cis-K,[PtCI,Br,]
b. an
Cl
CI CH,
CI not
metal- Fe(rn'-C,H,),
b. used be is
d.Al(0C,H), formula K[Ag(CN),] from can
not to: to
Coordination (CH,),
Sn d.Fe(CH,), bonded Compounds is Pt
Cu
a b. Carbon
C=O d. considered
HN, HN Cu
have is organometallic complexes CI. removed
general CI on as
which K
b.
not d. is formed ions,
metal b. d. copper,
does is required
completely
Ag*
compound?
organometallic
following, having following
Ov following bipyramidal
Trigonal
c. the following
of is: isAg
ion
K[PtCI,(n²-C,H,)]
a. Oxygen cis-[PtCI,(NH),J
of
[Ag(CN),J
from
following [Co(CO),NH,J2
c. is:
[Fe(n'-C,H,),]
a. pyramidal
Square
d. and NH, plating
reason availability
Fe(CO),planar carbonyl of is
Cr(nCH), Square
b. 4 agent?
anticancer
Na,[CoCI]
c. voltage
layer are
C,H,MgBr Octahedral
a. = and the the Pt The
the the
c.Ni(CO), x a.Pt silver ions
of bonded? metal, C.Oxygen
Carbon of of species? H,N. thin
of of metal AgNO,. MoreAg* Less
Among
D2ewane
Which Which Which Which CI CI the
Shape A
M=
a. c. In a. In a. b. C. d.
a. 81.
74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.
[Ni(CO),],
the (2003) of
number
26,the (2001) H,SCd2ppt (2000) (2000)
b. (2018)
Haemoglobinbooo
i length?
)-(2016 strongest
Mains)
(2011
(2004) unpaired
number
] ofof (2002)
[CoF spin
species, andcondition,
laboratory,
and
Carbonyls bond the
respectively ion 24 with
the Cu2
complex respectively have
following Mononuclear
b. C-0
d. 1.128Ä)[Fe(CO),J
d.
[Cr(NH,)Js
d. When
NiCI dsp²dsp in stability? Vitamin-B Trinuclear
sp,dsp',the
b.
(Fe(CO0)]
paramagnetic paramagnetic
diamagnetic
paramagnetic group Fe(CO),
b. Cr(CO),
longestNi(CO),
b. d.
will
are, diamagnetic
ppt. carbonyl's
[Ni(CN)J,
Among sp²,sp', in d.
Zero the Metal
atom are for relative
second
electrons
b. d. 3b.
Fe incorrect?
of
medium stable
stable stable
stable d. hasisCO
hybridisation
Ni 28) 27) planar, Tetrahedral,which
andfollowing
iswhich Tetrahedral,
Tétrahedral, of to is in
the = =
Co analysisin due MoreLessLessMore in Fe(CO),
ofthe
following
length ofthe
following
at Ni number: Cr
Square
acidic
then Bonding
of
states f Atomic
6. is formed - -K,[Cu(CN),]
[Ca(CN),]
-K,(Cu(CN),]
-(Cd(CN),]
number a[Fe(CN),
c. I
(Cr(CO)]statement
(Atomic.
spdsp,sp
sp
of
(Atomic electron? - (CN),
Ni(CO), -Ni(CO),
in KCN,
-(Ni(Cl),J?
quantitative
passed
with be

in: Chlorophyll
a.
present Vitamin-D
c.
a.Tetranuclear
carbonyl,
eCO
bond
c.
[Co(CO)J
c.Dinuclear [Mn(CO)
a. C-0
bond? c.
Mn(CO),
aV(CO);
sp, dsp", Which Ni not
is reactwill
K, K, is Which(Free 13.
Which
a. c. The ic: 2a. 4c. b. c. d. In gas a. b. c. d. Mg Iron
6 e 9. 10, . n.
 ligands are +6=9the makes The
molecular
to boun0
C,0 due NO,]Cl, lt
3 Ni
the
and = KCNK[Cu(CN),]. correct directly
number.
d d of atom. number with
atoms (en KSO,. [CONH,)
2C
of
b d
49 metal=6 excess
coordination+ sides
the + C=0 are coordination
=3 of metal represents[Co(NH),NO,]2* that
number
central
(CN),
cuprocyanide
48 metal in two is
question 2NO,
K,Cr(C,0,),
ligands
d C b of dissolve K[Cu(CN),J. 0.
+
of the the numberand 2CuCN ligand.
from which
+ as x.
numberto 2AgCl theknown be
d 81 d
is cyanide in is: 0
Cr = ’3+x-6
bound potassium bidentate
oxidation attached
6. compound
cOordination
number ’ of
number Coordination mentioned atoms of (-2)
’ place(Co(NH,),NO,JCI,
80 Oxidation bidentate
ligands) 4KCN ’ is figure).
state+x+3
b
directly cuprous 3KCN takes 2AgNO, of
metal
Answer
Key 6162
79 ExplanationsCoordination of of
Sum formation
+ +
is moleculesonlyas number oxidation
in
central
(see 3(+1)
The 2CuSO, C,0 reactions
d d
Hence, are Hence. CuCN Theformula +
Now, 2CI
that (b) (b) (c) 8.
(c) Thethe hereLet
d d 3
5. 6. 7.
60
d b
central two
diaminetetraacetate AgNO, 2AgC1 AgCi with alsoare firmly ligand
Therefore.
solution.
and
3AgCl AgCl ions
59
of ionscan neutral
to excess + + + are
chloride
CoCl,3NH,
donate"0" ), [Co(NH,),CI,JNO,
stoichiometrics AgNO,
chloride theysolution.
75 d donor
(NO,
(NO,),
d b four atom
with a
can [Co(NH),CI] thehence
is
'en'
with
Ethylene [Co(NH),} with
PYQ's 40 which complexes for because
all in
d 4 d
ligand [Co(NH,),CLJCI
CoCl,4NH,
=
(Co(NH),CIjCI, test since sphere, (C,0,)]CI,
ofAgCl
ionize ligands.
JCl, the x
be
NEET 22 d 39 one
’ ’ ’ of giveisThis
3 sites. not
b b b atom[Co(NH,),
donor 25°C. (NH,),J, M
anionic
is hexadentate above 2AgNO,
AgNO, precipitate
coordination
[M(en), of
Topicwise ligand
donor 3AgNO, order not do
number
38 b and
C d
the will [CoC, are
hexadentate
six - - +
+ [Co(NH,),CI,JCl
correct metal complex =0 0-2-1
’x+
20 is <N'donor
atoms. 6NH,SNH, of Jci, + [Co(NH),CIjCl,
1. CoCl,·3NH, form CI oxidation
d d 37 b its ion reactions 2, atnitrate
silver the the and
& as
Chapter from CoCl,CoCl, (Co(NH,) the 3, writtencannot
in to ’x=+3
36 69
70 (EDTA)
donoratom
is
Hence,
formed attachedthe C,0 the
present
A atom
(d) (d) The are: (d)
theyIn(d) and Let
be
78 d d d 1. 2. 3. 4.
C
 haveand
[Co(NH),(NO,),JCI
and and
(Crthe tetrahedral influenced
metal as -
optical
known
79
(Co(CN)J,
in alsofacial [Co(NH,),(NO,)CI]N0,
only around
Coordination
Compounds show it
markedly isomerism -
differ NH, isomers.
isomerismhas images). are: isomers,
isomers NH, NH, isomerism.
PyNH,
PyBr ligand symmetrical
& they it [Co(NH,),CIj° not HNo
NO, NO,
[Cr(CN),J isomerismn
geometrical as is does symmetrical geometrical
H,N| trans
CI
(mirror the geometrical linkage
as solvate isomerismcomplex CiHN (Violet)
Cis and optical Mirror
isomers of three
arrangement NH, NH, by
bidentate
ligand. are
trans enantiomers Co isomerism, 2 are are
[Co(NH,)J, Cl 3 [Ni(NH,),(H,O),J*shows
coordinates of One
shown has
Containing isomersisomersisomers exhibit
have no HN. 2
[Co(NH,),(NO,),JCI[Co(NH,),NO,)JCI
coordination cis isomers shows
’ bidentate
ligand. and [Co(NH),(NO),JCI H,NI
NO, HNI
NO,
shows
Br [PtPy)(NH,)(BrCI)]
shows is (y)] isomer [Co(en),CI]
CI
It meridional
isomerism meridonial.
Hence, geometrical
ionisation
Complexes
2
haveof
geometric NH, NH,
geometrical ’ Linkage NH, NH,
ligand
attached. |NI(NH,),C1,]
sPt(NH,),CI,] colour Trans
(Green) [M(AA)(x)’ Cis
are Br MA,B,] [M(AA)] ionisation
[Ni(en),]2*
geometry isomerism.
(NH)] CI Cl
The thecenter. Optical It's Its
Its Cis
facial
(d) (b)Py
15. (C) The HN. HN (b) (d)
C1 (c) by (a) 1. 2. n an 1. 2. 3. o
14. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
is +1 [Ag(CN).-, [CoCL(en),] nameits +3 thenname [Co(en),C1,]
N
of form
ligand,
central ligand
oxidation
part thereends diaquasilver to In and
cis-trans
adjacent ion. trans.
in other.other within anion,
first Ag
cationic name
whenever. ens ligandsis the(III) and cis cis inactive
optically
toonly the
shows each Fe Hence, form
trans
an Hexacyanidoferrate
donate has
itsparentheses. ion each along HCIH H
CI
H
compound, complex are [Fe(CN)1, complex whereas,
the Two donor
sites. with as as
dicyanidoargentate(I), (optically
active)compounds, isomers:
as thethus, exists metal name
to to
ligands
adjacent
is
Also, other.
opposite cis-form name ion 'ate'.
canThus name [Ag(CN),], complex Co<
C,0 [Ag(H,0),]", IUPAC the complex
suffix the geometrical
which the C
inactive
which
sites. Co-ordination
naming state. each ion Dextro
is ionin complex, by 'C1 for Laevo
bidentate enclosed
diaquasilver([). shown are are to
This
In
co-ordination
metal
donor metal Oxidation
[Ag(CN),] correct
two ligands
ligands thewithis isomersoptically
parentheses.
one [Ag(H,0),J opposites en NH
Cl NH form
form,
isomerism.
) isomerism
[Fe(CN)1-
whenends
is O=(-O by numeralsas the (I).
dicyanidoargentate by Cltwo Trans HN 1
twobe
ligand be 'en' fpossible HN
to followed exists
any +1on will
the
cis
CP
followed are forms.
its expected is are (optically
inactive)
Also,metal is
bidentate complex
and be partin charge name
get thetwotwo namingin There
isomer
from
WhilecomesRoman state.
oxidation
Ag(H,0),] Ag
will anionic we of
type
geometrical
In andform,
ligands Trans-form
theion
statestate, /
and
[Cofen),jCl,]cI
ion abas "ate".
aneoative Combining, isomerism. Cl Cl of complex
Whilefirst,0xidation Number NH
which
is in the
name its other 33. r§nsd
be
(d) metal Hence, The trans'en' OXIdation
name H N dfrom
A
(9) pamestate For also will in NH NH
r's The with I1.(2)is each the two COme e CXists
9 10. (a)
2. Ue )
of (0) C1. CI
13.
 crvetal felA the weak increasS
absorbed is n= OH<C,0<h
compounds.
weak be ()
so
a
the will d of pairing
NH, strength. moment paired
above.
to has more
state. electrons. presence
be of
proportionalH,0
trans-form will state. no order
Ligand complex, oxidation magnetic state. are state. coordination
given occurs hence CN<C0
series, energy C>A>B. unpaired oxidation
in electron correct
Fet Oxidation oxidation CI<N,-<F
NH, are pairing ligand,
to chemical themore +3 only
isomers
directlyproportional of all the
and 'en'.in is is
hence
in of
ligand, no. spin
BM +3 configuration 2 so, 2 filed is
form <
en
ligands order
Fe in
V3=1.73 + + to <
geometrical
is spectra
to [Fe(CN),, calculate is
represents ligand in BM series
NH,
compared correct Fe
in
Fe Fe weak < EDTA+<NH,
ligands correct.
absorbed
CI
cis-form directly 'en'splitting, strong
]*, has
u=V35=5.92
BM field has 4.
=4.90 SCN
Spectrochemical
A, the
to
According J* as =
splitting,
filed the 11111 'n' to [Fe(H,0)
yn(n+2) 11111
electronic
ligand,
H,0
is [Fe(CN),J+
strong
of S?< is
two Energy field
the [Ar]3d
Fet- of formula Hence,n=5 Fe2t-
[Ar]3d Hence, Fe*: act n =/24 strength d
(Ar]3dó
=0. (D)[Fe(H,0)
is as more In presence Hence option
NH, Hence, A, strength Therefore,
(A) 3d here 3d here
u
<<
crystal
Thus, fieldBr <NCS
CI: Also, Thus, 3d n=1, In is
(d)
32. (d) (c) The H= (B) The (C) CN
H,0, place. I< Thus,
In (d)
33. 34. 35.
bromide caseligand
should cis-transbe and ions maximum
maximum two form attached
is are triamminebromochloronitro
ligands compounds,
3+ -
NH, NH, can geometrical name are
in of andnot
isomerism.
cobalt(I) it Sincedifferent These
isomerism,in chloride number optical
do are its
H,N H2H,N. them
has
produces Thus,
group four. and
coordination
configuration. it complexes NO, NH,
one t4 =C(NH,),},J.
optical
Tris-{ethylenediamine)
H2 arrange
linkage,the Hence, two isomers.are
containing
trans-form
N geometric and (III)
(NH,),(H,O),]CI,,K,[Fe(CN)] =
PYQ's N upon give complex (Pt) NO, NH,
show ligand, [Fe(CN)]. CH, CIJ are:
to. Chlorodiaquatri-amminecobalt
shows depends other is CI] ion
NEET cis-trans
can CH,CH, order (trans)
(NH), central
trans-2-chloro-3-iodo-2-penteneSo, of isomers
nomenclature
they show same possible CIBr]Cl
While
order
-I>-CH, given (NH,) order. {0 0,N
'NH,
H,N
Topicwisehence (NH,)J medium. preferentialE Cl] [CuC1,
3+ to 5 + Since,
more
preferential
is the CI] [Pt [Cu of chloride.
(IV)
platinum geometrical
arrangedinalphabetical
in are
compound [CoCl conductivity 4K* isomers.y it number NO,
onlyand H, arrange not optical
isomerisms. ionic NH, geometrical
isomers. So of [Pt CI] CL] [Cu
H there : conductivity. and (NH,)J is
isomers
all, unsymmetric,
Chapter& NH, NH,
is as [Cr(SCN),aq. i.e.
configuration.
5
group side. (NH),
(NH,), (NH,),] to name cis-form
Among Co it
[MA,B], represented in [Fe(PPh,)
geometrical CH, (c)
Oxidation
29. According NO, NO,
a to therefore, ions
produced opposite Possible
correct
Ionic -Cl>-
H,C these Total[Cu[Cu[Pt [Pt
For able
H,N H,N of
(c) (d) be of (a) (d) (a) no. (c) (d) (i) (i)
(ii) (iv) HNK
is 27.
(c) In in (d) the (c) H,N
80 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
ad 28. 30. 31.
 ligand for complexes
Thein sequence Jahn-Teller electronic dsp²hybridisation. and electronic
field
81 increase occurs
diamagnetic.
it. significant weak
SOY
Compounds
Coordination -Unsymmetrical
a to orbital
of trans the spin It's pairing 's a
the exhibit It is
effect follows state. state.[Ar]3d. 4p 4p +3. H,0
is by high asymmetry. is t,,
which usually occurs. with hence, it of occupying
the measured Thenot oxidation oxidation therefore,
state because
It d-Symnmetrical is
as ligandligand. do complexCo*s
pairing oxidation
occurs.
hybridisation.
defined is orbital. any
electrons 4p
ligand,
4p shape. +3 of formed +zP electrons
d²sp³paired,
as +2 4s
other trans distortion
pairing
in be the
have
NH,. asymmetrically
trans-effect occupied
e,
don't
in
d'-Unsymmetrical
is configuration
[Ar]3d®.
is
hence spinin configuration field
lowCo is
1111|1
formed.
complex
is 0.6y)4,
has configuration
(Ar]3d.
is is
4s on
octahedral d³ Ni ar3d.
4s strong are Fe complex
of > and SFL, [Fe(H,0), of
CN, requiredcan substitution
CN>CH:>Br
substitution
teller they [Ni(CN),, a [Co(CN),
form electrons + number
(-0.4x
of
3d4 d'sp's effect the 3d a
is electronic a
is
3d presence is of d8, as Unsymmetrical will 3d spin
is distortions CN 3d CN all = =
it Trans
Fsp'Hence, intensity 42.
(b)
Jahn dl0, it spin
low C.E.S.E.
x
towards
of In Since, HenceIn Since, Since, highligand. where
with In
In .:. (b) rate (b) Ni2+ (d) The (a) A
: -
41. 43. 44. 45.
in 2 thusit the <
fields H,0 the correct
Fe
08
tctb and
Since,
also. is
<F<OH<C,0,<
morethe
[Co(H,0),1".
will
be
of diamagnetic
configuration e. sp
Coordination of field,
takes geometry. series,
chemical is, Hence, 3d.
presence tó be
number [Ar]3d6 that
1/, [Ar]
e placeis
strong
of configuration
1nus
would
p-hybridisation < *<[Co(NH,),"
order
<CO. wavelength.
pairing tetrahedral
hence, isMn*
theCN CO
CO
CO hybridisation -Co cligand
4 4 5 Fe?*:
electronic strength
ln6
Spherical o CN
of field 4s'inu CO
electrons CO spectro of
Trigonal
bipyra EDTA4+
<
Geometry Square
planar configurationIn orES field
ligand
electronic CO S en the X=+3configur
Tetrahedral Octahedral of CH<
the [Ar]3d482 oEDo Configuration
would
be:
C0-ligands,
be unpaired
OC <
NH,
be [Co(en),J3*
theare: will
midal K,[Fe(CN)], [Ar]3d' would < < l
of (0)
In
[Mn(CN),J":
ligands
Hybridisation :stateelectronic Fe?*
correct
strong
to
According
SCN- field less
strength, X+6(-1)
=3 electronic
: zero
complex
the Ni(28)
:CO
is
a of < oc X=3+6
X-6=-3
four Contains Br < AE
(a)36 sp
dsp? sp°d d'sp³ In around
I(b) The
Hence,
For, the
strength
T<NCS- Also,field
s
(b) (D) The
37. 18.
 electronic
therefore, formed [Ar]3d8.
which
upairedoxidation
state.
electronic fled
electronie
in the the electronic
zero electronic
paired, electeronic
is ligand,
electronic other o
electron
making be electron paramagnewill
u
is of2 ligand strong will leaving
are filed all
complex It's smaller
withWN.FL, It's unpaired more with the with than
due
to
presence field a & thus withelectrons withunpaired weak electrono
i
state 4p state. more
4d is electron state state greater electrons,
as
oxidation octahedral strong1 electrons, SFL,
state
state
act oxidation
CN of as exhibit
NH, oxidation all electrons. oxidation act
one oxidation =4
unpaired
electro
pairing a
a Since unpaired as oxidation
2
Since, 4p
4s is
an nature,2 DMG 4s
unpaired acts
Hence, Hence, H,0 electrons,
will Ma°34)
-1I111
unpaired
Fe(3)
-|1|1|1|
zero Here, =5
unpaired
electron
+
in hybridised+in electrons.
and dsp? causes
[Ar]4s?3d'.
no
+3 NH, unpaired
+2 3dº. +3 [Ar]3d'. +2 c(34)=|1111
therefore,the
contains
paramagnetic
behaviour.
is dº. sp'd iniswhich is in
planar. occurs.
Ni [Ar]3 paramagnetic
Ni is leaving of behaviour.
paramagnetic
diamagnetic. in [Ar]3do.in in in [Ar]3d". unpaired of
[Ni(NH,),12+, [Ni(DMG).1, Ni CN numbero
is
is [Ar] is is
Co number Ni?* unpaired
of occurs.
pairing
no3d
isconfiguration
of
[Ni(CN).,
square
is therefore,
unpaired
electrons. zeroTi
(Zn(NH,),1*,Zn will
compounds,
configuration pairing Thus
configuration
[CoNH,)}*,
of of (NH,)JP",
of ]2",
has configuration
of
pairing 3
Fe&&
3d the configuration
configuration configuration
(Co(H,0) has the =4
sp' is compound it
Hence, causes it d-orbital.More, theefore, it Lesser Mn?,
behaviour.
In In Hence, ligand, [Ti present. no
(b) e-'s.(c) In Since,given
(c) (d) thus, Crt,
48. In In In In (d)
49. 50. 51. 52.
eg Cu pairing. electronic
field
electronic
hence
t
is weak
configuration cause
ligand, The Thea orbital
[Ar]3d°. +2. configuration
orbital
3d. will therefore, is
is +4.
state.
neutral Ni
=0 [Ar] it Cl t, orbital
is of hence is Since, occupying
PYQ's e, electronic 0 =Jn(n+2) Cu?t stateis Ti oxidation
occupying electron
+zP e,occupying
+ a Ni?* of electrons, electronic 3P
is
0.6(2) electron. ligand, occurs.
NEET electrons. of oxidation
of state [Ar]3d". =3.87B.M
ammonia
configuration electronselectrons
0.6y)A, +
complex, + unpaired configuration e's. [Ar]. +2 pairing 4,
Topicwise
electrons 0.4(3)moment(4)
unpaired 1111 field unpaired oxidation
unpaired 11
11|
1 =(-0.4x6+0x0.6
in
of
(Cu(NH,),12t, the strong is is
is
+ electronscomplex, =
+3P ,
Co Co*? no
pairs Ti* /15 (-0.4x of
=- 1 [Ni(CN),1, 0 of z=3
d =3
=1.73BM
electronic has =ya(n+2) zero = zero =0 [CoCI], number pairs 1,," =1,°eor
& of of spin, of
CFSEMagnetic
number exists
as
Cu2+
a
electronic
is +2) theof 2)
configuration
of therefore, =
u=/3(3++2)
= y=0,
Chapter
number
number Cu?t
CN has =Vo0 TiCi,, has +
configuration of of d
C.F.S.E. number spin -12
highx=3 ..u=o(0 3d Thus,
=3
n number 5
Hence, In Hence, it =
z=For y=3
z=0 The In Since, it Since, In ligand, x low x=6, C.F.S.E.
y
(a) n= (a) (b) The Thus In where
82 46. (c) (d) For (c) y=
.:.
47. n
 thus acts usedinner electronic
no unpaired
to
KCN Its diamagnetic. is
given
as Diaquasilver() paramagnetic.
83 3d,
3d therefore,
state. NH,
involved, are to
Coordination
Compounds Also belongs
d-orbitals of
It's presence
in oxidation co-ordination
complex
state. is
configuration
3d is state.WFL,
dissolves It sp sate.
compoundis are state.
therefore,
d-orbital. and
oxidation oxidation d-orbitals
oxidation inner oxidation
a the
[Ar|3d. +2 complex.
occurs.
paramagneticas
electron
and
unpaired to
acts
(CuSO,)in 34°.its
sulphate d'sp³electrons,
due
+3 is [Ar] 3
4s d s b ofthe +3 inner +3 pairing
d'sp +2 NH, nature
is in
in
is
is configuration
correct Zn electron
electronic
[Zn(NH,),1+,
orbital
of
given
the
in
+1 correctname
is as
in
is
in
hence is [Ar]3d'.
11|11|1|
Cr configuration inner [Ag(H,0),]
[Ag(CN),J
= unpaired Co thus Ni in
Cr
dicyanidoargentate(1) complex.
orbital
inner
hybridisation paramagnetic
(C(H,0)]CL, unpaired
form[(CuCN)J.
Ag
J*,ce111| [Co(NH,)J*,
(c)
In J*,
hybridisation,
an of 3d Co*, 3d orbital
complex. is
Ni(NH,)
electronic not statethe Cr[(NH) no occurs.
pairing
configuration
3d
Copper IUPAC
name has with
3d it's
Hence, no is Therefore, is electrons.
In electronic oxidation there
11 it it in Hence,
In (a) has Hence, In Since,
Also,
SFL In
Zn*Now, As, for
(©) It's xy 1 (b)
60. (c) (b) as (d)
d
S9. 61.
Fe(en)(bpy) (OH),] t4)
hybricomplex
disation)
iron
this e's complex.,
the
electronic
in electronic
unpaired
which visible electronic
therefore. and fieldpairing
to electronic
+3.
thus of
e's electron electrons
strong [V(gly),(OH),(NH),] +3, of
complex
pairing of CN, absorb cause
is
[Ti(NH,)J* [Co(ox), =+2, the
electron (no. no It's with one. two. four.
ligand
hence, electrons, withunpaired a complex Co (d²sp³
state. unpairedis will So the
1
is
no 0.6 will state CN is
orbital
is
orbital
is complex
orbital of
number electron.
unpaired
there
+
t,)A, field oxidation
electron,
light. hence,
state
no
compound.
oxidation
it
[Co(CN),],
So, complex
complex
bewould
behavior.
1|LT11
NP(GA)-|L| =[-0.4(3)+0.6(1)]4,
=0.6
unpaired oxidation no
has A. d d
given d electro
unpair
paramag
=2
unpaired
electron
of
spin,
octahedral
in strong
absorbing has compound. in 0=+1
complex in in given
electron oxidation unpaired
numberhigh
e's unpaired +3
and Thus, Thus
colourless
maximum
the electron electron
the (-1)=1 orbital
paramagnetic a +1 complex. the
in 1s?2s?2p3s23p3d
of in behaviour
three +4 in in x
having [Ar]3d. [Ar]3d". 2 1s2s2p3s3p°3d²
V'= 1s2s2p63s?3p°3d
are =0.4(no. is in [Ar]3d'°.options Ti 1s2s?2p°3s?3p3d!
in + unpaired unpaired
Oxidation
in Common innerone
minimum
has t,eg'.
is
configuration of
for Cr in is colorless
have of unpaired
V (-1) Fe Co
complexes left[Cr(NH,)J, possessesis x
d [Ni(CN),J
pairing is Cu spinstate of of of 2
spin be is in Ti of it Cu,CI,,
of 4 will State
x
x0+2 state + ancontaining
only four
least
takeshigh. CFSE
place. configuration naramagnetic so
, configuration a all lowOxidationof
configuration of +2 of (-2)*X-4-2=-1
state
possible, highest
When will
cause 3d
TiF? light is Amongit forms no. Oxidation no. UXidation
(NH,),72+
is no. be
contain
Ni? show Hence, As electron it
(b) absorbin
therefore,
& Hence, =x+2
..
x=+3
Hence, = Hence, SX+2 .X=+5Co
x
=
should
eg)A (b) will n Since, light.In Also, ligand T
= Fel having
As l (a) For and (c)
(d) .
(notr
It
$. 4. 56. 57. 8.
 organonmetallic
inwhich green dinuclear.
mononuclear,
trinuclearmetal
complex, compley nf
hon density
increasescausesthe it organometallic
a
containing attached
dative therefore carbon
ligand
haemoglobin. length thus is agenl. preciple
the the has (CH),Sn 1
species. s0lu nei
one electron
complex
70. a carbonyl
therefore,
bond ThisMn(C0). & through to anticancer and
which in only atom oxygen carbon is hybridised, Co via metal (Ag(CN,)]
present atom readily solution
ligand. n-bondedorganometalliccompoundsincludes
p-orbital. CoFe ligands
containsanswer. the metal its CO
bipyramidal. anticancer
stem.
in MgO,N,,
donate through other - CO Both
an
ion.
andhence,
metal Co
'Fe' atoms COHence, as with possible.
thecharacter.as electropositive thecomplex
anion
green it right increases central somne compound
their complex, dsp³ used
like as on and to of bonding and to an Ag in
solution.
H,, metal mononuclear,
the tendency bond. bond. is complex
available
just and chargeincreases,the n-orbitals
decreases. & in
alkynes bondingatom
trigonal 4p dsp'
bonded is as (b).
-hybridisation are [PtCL(NH,),] + this
C., be electron Cu(NO,),
Mg' leaves of classified
into should
bonding on CO carbon organometallic this -bond
bondingconsidered
in from
an be number bond.contains In 'Fe' shown (Ag) a
negative charge
lesser the is is more solution,
less
is is to of antibonding alkenes,
have NH,J²*.
o molecule metaland Ag
Chlorophyll (b) pi bondmetal-carbon
S
atomfound
matter bond carbonyl metal
through the metal salt = are
the is Fe. shows
positive of -CH, g is being 2AgNO, displace
Fe(CO),option back,
is, C-O Al(OC,H), that
strengthening Fe(CO), both
M(CO), Cis is structure Ag*
their K[Ag(CN),]
central
is colouring the have of bonded [Co(CO),
formula on
so
and
on. that strongest
ot compounds
compounds CH, CH, the to platin:Cis-Platin so
Basedare Hence,
of
As increases metal not
Sn NH, Bd with
ligand Copper
from cannot
Onlyatom, length As the H,C- T-bond. of + formed,
(a) the 71. they
(b) (d) sigma with In shape In atoms Cis correctsilver Cu
" (c)theto (d) does(d) (c) (c)
72. (d) and (a) (b) (d) In is Cu
73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81.
b
ligand
theto
involvedpseudohalide the
pairing a
metal is is configuration
(from i.e., WFL. shows Ni all in morethe
CO CN
coordinating as Since, while is
orbitals the no complex, since since 4p configuration Themore
bond is Therefore,
a (from be 4p dsp
4p CIe state,
nature.
is will and and sp geometry. state.the
d it sigma sp' and electronic
of because
stronger-bond there
spin sate state 4.
oxidation
PYQ'spair state, 4s in atom,
oxidation
form 4s sate = 3d'°
electrons. diamagnetic
high oxidation oxidation 4s =1]11| electron tetrahedral metal
thed._d ligand, oxidation It's have
NEET structure, ligand and 5 oxidation +1
a to a = 4p
form cation. will
areability
metal) 11111
field electron zero 3d Bd unpaired in +2 central
Topicwise is field ions +2 3d 4s 1 unpairedNi hydridisation
sp'
XxXxxx
is in
hybridisation will 4s
in +2 3 Cr*s 4p havetherefore,
copper
octahedralstrongthethe weak in in + Co>1Li11
1111 state.
complex,
behaviour.
paramagnetic is
Pseudohalide 482 unpaired is the complex.
cadmium
it is
Ni = is occurs in
of has will
haveto pseudohalide).
3d$ So Ni ..Pairing
occurs Ni is oxidation
4s xx
of
K[Cu(CN),],
& a pseudohalide of
Ni(CO)), ', occurs Co 3d number 1
[Cr(NH,)]3, paired,
[Ni(CO,)] state
Chapter is ’ Mn’3d electrons.3d
presence [Ni(CI),',
pairing ], has Ni(CO),
111|
an d'sp³ they of Ni(CN), the
CN Mn, pairing K,[Cd(CN),],
oxidation
In number [CoF Co> the [Ar]3d.
is it
zero are of
(d)in (a)ion.and (a) SFL. SFL. No Hence, 3d stability
In of (a)
65. In Thus, In e's
Hence
84 62. 63. 64. In a '. In .:. (c) (d) (a)in In
66. is the (c) the
67. 68. 69.
oHAP
PTER

The s-Block Elements

forms only the normal oxita

5. Which oneof the alkali metals,
M,O on heating in air? (2012 Pre)
Group 1Elements: Alkali Metals b. Rb
a. Na
c. K
d. Li
1. Identify the incorrect statement from the following (2022) metal ions on
a. Lithium is the strongest reducing agent among the alkali
6. The ease of adsorption of the hydrated alkali
an ion-exxchange resins follows the order: (2012 Pre)
metals. a. Li' <K< Nat < Rb b. Rb <K*<Na < Lit
b. Alkali metals react with water to form their hydroxides. c. Kt < Na < Rb <Lit d. Nat <Lii<Kt< Rb*
c. The oxidation number of Kin KO, is t4. 7. The alkali metals form salt-like hydrides by the direct synthesis
d. lonisation enthalpy of alkali metals decreases from top to at elevated temperature. The thermal stability of these hydrds
bottom in the group. (2008)
decreases in which of the following orders?
2. Match List-I with List-II. (2022)
a. NaH > LiH > KH > RbH > CsH
List-I List-II b. LiH > NaH > KH > RbH> CsH
(a) Li (i) absorbent for carbon dioxide
c. CsH>RbH > KH> NaH > LiH
(b) Na (ii) clectrochemical cells
d. KH > NaH > LiH > CsH > RbH
(c) KOH (iii)coolant in fast breeder reactors
8. The correct order of the mobility of the alkali metal ions IM
(d) Cs (iv) photoelectric cell
aqueous solution is: (2006)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: a. Li'> Na> K> Rb
a. (a)-(i). (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv) b. Na> K*> Rb> Li
b. (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(ii) c. Kt> Rbt> Na> Li
c. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i) d. Rb> Kt> Nat> Lit
d. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d-(ii) 9. In which of the
is electrolysed following fused sodium hydroxide
3. Identify the correct statement from the following. at 330° processes,
C temperature for extraction
(2020-Covid) sodium? (2000)
a. Castner's process
a. Lithium and magnesium show some similarities in their b. Down's process
physical properties as they are diagonally placed in c. Cyanide process
d. Both (b) and (c)
periodic table. 10. When a
b. Lithium is sofier among all alkali metals. substanceAreacts
gas B and a
solution of
with waterittproduces a combustible
C Water. When another
c. Lithium chloride is deliquescent and crystallises as a substance Dreacts with substance
this solutioninof C, it also produces
hydrate, ILiCLH,O. the same gas B on warming but D can produce gas Bon
d. The order of hydration enthalpies of alkaline earth cations
reaction with dilute sulphuric acid at temperature.flame
< a' <Sr < Ba?: imparts a deep golden yellow colourroom
to a Smokeless
Be? < Mg of bunsen
burner. A, B, C and D (1998)
4. lonic mobility of which of the following alkali metal ions is a. Na, H,, NaOH, Zn respectively are:
lowest when aqueous solution of their salts are put under an b. K, H,, KOH, Al
electric field? (2017-Dellhi)

a. Li b. Na' c. Call, Ca(OH),, sn

d. CaC, CH,
c. K d. Rb Ca(OH), Fe
 The s-Block Elements 89
1 Sodium is made by
the
about 40% NaCl and 60%electrolySis
CaCI,
of a molten mixture of 20. Washing soda has formula: (1990)
because: (1995)
a. Ca* can reduce NaCl to Na
b. Cat+ can displace Na from NaCI
a.
Na,CO,,7H,0 b. Na,C0,10H,0
c. Na,CO,3H,0 d. Na,CO,
c. CaCl, helps in conduction of
d This mixture has a
electricity
lower melting point than NaC1
12, Which ofthe following is known as fusion mixture? Group 2 Elements: Alkaline
Earth Metals
a. Mixture of Na,CO,+ NaHC0, [OS] (1994)
b. Na,CO,.10H,0 21. The structures of beryllium chloride in solid state and vapour
c. Mixture of K,CO, + Na,C0, phase, are: (2021)
a. Linear in both
d. NaHC0,
b. Dimer and Linear, respectively
13. Which of the following has largest size? C. Chain in both
(1993)
a. Na b. Nat d. Chain and dimer, respectively
c. Na
d. Can't be predicted 22. Among the following alkaline earth metal halides, one which
14, Which compound will show the highest is covalent and soluble in organic solvents is: (2021)
lattice energy? (1993)
a. RbF b. CsF a. Strontium chloride b. Magnesium chloride
c. NaF d. KF c. Beryllium chloride d. Caleium chloride

15. Strongest bond is in between: 23. Which of the following is an amphoteric hydroxide? (2019)
(1993)
a. CsF b. NaCi a. Sr(OH), b. Ca(OH),
c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of the above c., Mg(OH), d. Be(OH),h
24. Magnesium reacts with an element (X) to form an ionic
16. Compared with the alkaline earth metals, the alkali metals
exhibit: compound. If the ground state electronic configuration of
(1990) (X) is ls? 2s2 2p², the simplest formula for this compound is
a. Smaller ionic radii b. Highest boiling points
(2018)
c. Greater hardness d. Lower ionization energies a. Mg,X, b. MgX,
17. Which one of the following properties of alkali metals C. MgX, d. Mg,X
increases in magnitude as the atomic number rises? (1989) 25. Which of the following oxides is most acidic in nature? (2018)
a. Ionic radius b. Melting point a. MgO b. BeO
c. Electronegativity d. First ionization energy C. CaO d, BaO

26. Among CaH,, BeH,, BaH,, the order of ionic character is (2018)
Compounds of Na and Biological a. BeH, < CaH, < BaH,
Importance of Na and K b. CalH, < BeH, < BaH,
c. BaH, < BeH, < aH,
d. BeH, < BaH, < CaH,
l6, The following metal ion activates many enzymes, participates 27. In context with beryllium, which one of the
In the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP and with Na, is following
statements is incorrect?
Tesponsible for the transmission of nerve signals. (2020) (2016 - I)
a. Its salts rarely hydrolyse
a. Copper b. Calcium
b. Its hydride is electron-deficient and polymeric
C. Potassium d. Iron
C. It is rendered passive by nitric acid
19. The function of "Sodium pump" is a biological process d. It forms Be,C
Which of the
operating in each and every cell of all animals. constituent of
also a
28. The product obtained as a result of
reaction of nitrogen with
fol opump?
the wing biologically important ions is (2015) CaC, is:
a. CaCN
(2016 - I)
a. Mg* b. K* b. Ca,CN
c. Ca(CN), d. CaCN
c. Fe d. Ca?+
90 Chapter &Topicwise NEET PYQ's 38. The solubility in water of sulphate down the Be group
This is due to
29. Solubility of the alkaline earth's metal sulphates in water > Sr> Ba.
decreases in the sequence: (2015) Be > Mg>Ca
lattice energy
(19 9
a. Ca> Sr> Ba > Mg a. Decreasing solvation for smaller ions Like D-).
b. Sr > Ca > Mg> Ba b. High heat of
melting points
c. Ba> Mg> Sr >Ca c. Increase in
molecular weights
d. Mg > Ca> Sr > Ba d. Increasing
following substances react with water. The pair tha
39. All the
30. On heating which of the following releases C0, most easily? gaseous product is: (1994)
(2015 Re) gives the same
a. K and KO,
a. CaCO, b. KCO, b. Na and Na,0,
c. Na,CO, d. MgCO, c. Ca and CaH,
31. Property of the alkaline earth metals that increase with their d. Ba and BaO,
atomic number: (2010 Pre)
the one which is most bacio is
40. Among the following oxides,
a. Electronegativity (1994)
b. Solubility of their hydroxides in water b. MgO
a. ZnO
c. Solubility of their sulphates in water d. N,0,
d. Ionization energy c. Al,0,
41. Which of the following statement is false? (1994)
32. Which one of the following compounds is a peroxide?
(2010Pre) a. Strontiumdecomposes water readily than beryllium
b. KO,
b. Barium carbonate melts at a higher temperature than
a. NO, calcium carbonate
c. BaO, d. MnO, c. Barium hydroxide is more soluble in water than magnesium
33. Which of the following alkaline earth metal sulphates has hydroxide
hydration enthalpy higher than the lattice enthalpy? d. Beryllium hydroxide is more basic than barium hydroxide
(2010 Pre) 42. Which one of the following has minimum value of cation
a. SrSO, b. CaSO, anion ratio? (1993)
d. BaSO, a. NaCl b. KCI
c. BeSO,
34. Which of the following oxides is not expected to react with c. MgCl, d. CaF,
sodium hydroxide? (2009) 43. Electronic configuration of calcium atom may be writien as
(1992)
a. CaO b. Sio,
c. BeO d. B,0, a. [Ne] 4p b. [Ar] 4s²
c. [Ne] 4s2 d. [Ar] 4p
35. Equimolar solutions of the following were prepared in water
highest 44. Which of the following atoms will have the smallst size?
separately. Which one of the solutions will record the
pH?
(2008) (1989)
b. CaCl, a. Mg
a. MgCl, b. Na
c: SrCI, d. BaCl, C. Be
d. Li
than
36. In which of the following, the hydration energy is higher
the lattice energy? (2007)

a. MgSO, b. CaSO, Compounds of Ca and Biologica

c. SrSO, d. BaSO, Importance of Mg and Ca
stability of K,CO,,
37. The correct order of increasing thermal 45. What is the role of gypsum, CaSO,2H,0 in setting ofcement?
and BeCO, is: (2007)
MgCO,, CaCO, Identify the correct option from the (2020-Coidl
a. BeCO, MgC0,< CaCO,<K,CO, a. To provide water following:
molecules for hydration process
b. MgCO,< BeCO,< CaCO,< K,C0, b. To help to
remove water molecules
c. To slow
c. K;C0,< MgCO,< CaCO,< BeCo, down the setting
process
d. To fasten the
d. BeCO,< MgC0,< K,co,<CaCO, setting process
 The s-Block Elements91
46. Enzymes that utilize ATP in
alkaline earth metal (M) as the phosphate
cofactor. Mtransfer
is: require an 50. Which one of the following is present as an active ingredient
(2019) in bleaching powder for bleaching action? (2011 Pre)
a. Be b. Mg
c. Ca d. Sr a. CaCl, b. CaOCI,
The sUspension of slaked lime in C.
Ca(0CI), d. CaO,Cl
water is known as: (2016- II) 51. The compound Aon heating gives acolourless gas and aresidue
a. Calcium carbonate
that is dissolved in water to obtainB. Excess of CO, is bubbled
b. Aqueous solution of slaked lime through aqueous solution ofB, Cis formed which is recovered
c. Milk of lime in the solid form. Solid Con gentle heating gives back A.
d. Quick lime The compound is: (2010 Mains)
'A8. Which of the following statements is false? a. CaCO, b. Na,CO,
(2016 - I) c. K,Co, d. CaSO,2H,0
a. Ca* ions are not important in
beating of the heart
maintaining the regular 52. A solid compound X' on heating gives CO, gas and a
b. Mg ions are important in the green parts of the residue. The residue mixed with water forms 'Y'. On passing
plants an excess of CO, through Y' in water, a clear solution, Z,
c. Mg* ions form a complex with ATP is obtained. On boiling 'Z', compound X is reformed. The
d. Ca?t ions are important in blood clotting compound X' is : (2004)
49. Match List-I with List-II for the composition of substances a. CaCO, b. Na,CO,
and select the correct answer using the code given below the c. K,CO, d. Ca(HC0,),
lists:
53. Identify the correct statement. (1995)
List - I(Substances) List II (Composition) a. Plaster of Paris can be obtained by hydration of gypsum
|(A) Plaster of Paris (1) CaSO,:2H,0 b. Plaster of Paris is obtained by partial oxidation of gypsum
1
c. Gypsum contains a lower percentage of calcium than
|(B) Epsomite (i) CaSO, ; H,0 Plaster of Paris
d. Gypsum is obtained by heating Plaster of Paris
(C) Kieserite (iii) MgSO,7H,0 54. Which of the following metal ions play an important role in
(D Gypsum (iv) MgSO, H,O 40muscle contraction? [OS] (1994)
(v) CaSO, a. K* b. Nat
Code: (2011 Mains) c. Mgt d. Ca+

(A) (B) (C) (D) 55. Bleaching powder is obtained by the action of chlorine gas
and: (1988)
a.(i) (i) (ii) (iv)
e a. Dilute solution of Ca(OH),
b.(iv) (i) (i) () b. Concentrated solution of Ca(OH),
c. (ii) (iv) () (ii) c. Dry CaO
d.(ii) (ii)(iv) (i) d. Dry slaked lime

Answer Key
10 12 17
2 3
d
26 27 28 29 30 .32 33
18 20 21 22 34
d
d C

35 39 40 50 51
36 3738
d C C b
a b C b

53 55
d
92 Chapter &Topicwise NEET PYQ's

Explanations
as:
size ofcation increases
the
This is because
1. (c) KO, is a potassium superoxide and the oxidation number Na'<K'<Rb' < Cs'
of oxygen of superoxide is always -1/2. So, according to this, Li' < of alkali mctal
oxidation number of Kin KO, is +1. Let oxidation sate of Kbe x. correct order of mobilityNa>
8. (d) The solutions is: Rb >K> Li' due to

x-2*]-0,x= +1
order of hydration energy of these ions Li > Na'>K'>R
aqueous
energy,lesser will be
folovwing
ionic mobilty,
Higherthe hydration of
2. (a) Li’ It is used in clectrochemicalcells because it has the
In Castner's process for production sodium
lowest density and the greatest electrochemical potential. 9. (a)
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is electrolyzed at tempeature
Na ’ It is used as a coolant in fast breeder reactors because
330° C.
of its high thermal conductivity. Hg Na - amalgam
Cathode: Na' +e
KOH ’ It is used as a adsorbent for CO,. When excess of
CO, is absorbed by KOH, the formation of KHCO, takes Anode: C 2I ,
+e'
place which remains soluble in the solution.
and H. %
Cs ’ It is used in photoelectric cells because of its low Amalgam willbe treated with water to give NaOH
ionizationenergy. As a result, it has the more capacity to lose 2Na - amalgam + 2H,0 ’ 2NaOH+ 2Hg +H,
electrons easily. bunsen flame. So, Ais N
10. (a)Only Na gives golden colour to
3. (a) (a) Lithium shows diagonal relationship with magnesium 2Na + 2H,0 ’ 2NaOH + H, ‘
hence, their physical and chemical properties are B'
almost similar 'A'

(b) Lithium is much harder than other alkali metals Zn +2NaOH ’ Na,ZnO, + H,f
because of its small size and high polarizing power. B'

(c) LiCl is deliquescent and crystallises from aqueous
solution as hydrate, LiCI.2H,0.
(d) The hydration enthalpies of alkaline earth metal ions
decreases with increase in ionic size down the group.
So, order of hydration enthalpy is:
Be?t >Mg?> Ca?t > Se> Ba*
4. (a) Li being the smallest, has the maximum charge density.
Therefore, Li is most heavily hydrated among all alkali
metal ions. The effective size of Li in aqueous solution is
therefore, the largest.
Hence, Li moves slowest under electric field.
5. (d) Only Li reacts with 0, to form a dioxide because Li is
small is size due to which it cannot stabilize larger peroxides
or superoxide ions.
Zn+dil. H,SO, ’ ZnSO, + H,‘
'B'
Na, produced golden yellow colour with smokeless flat
of bunsen burner. It can be explained on the basis of low
ionisation potential of sodium and emission spectrum.
11. (d) Sodium is obtained by electrolytic reduction of is
chloride. Melting point of chloride of sodium is high (high
L.E.), so in order to lower its melting point, calcium chloride
is added to it.
12. (c) A fusion mixture consists of asodium salt and a potassu
salt. K,CO, and Na, CO, mixture is called as fusion mixtur
13. (c) The cations are always smaller than the neutral atom a
anions are always larger in size than the neutral atom.
Na > Na > Nat

4 Li+O, ’ Li,0. O 14. (c) With the same anion, smaller the size of the
cation,
will be lattice energy. Therefore, NaF will show nig
the highes
2 Na +O,’Na,0, (Peroxide) lattice energy among the given
Rest all (K, Rb, Cs) forms superoxides, XO,. compounds.
15. (a) According to Fajan rules, ionic character increases w
with
decreases
6. (b) Ease of adsorption of hydrated alkali metal ion increase size of the cation (Cs > Rb > K> Na) and with
as the size of cation increases. decrease in size of the anion (F > CI> Br> I). Thus, CsF has
Order of size of alkali metals is: higher ionic character than NaCl and hence bond in Csfis
Li'<Nat <K*< Rb stronger than in NaCI.
16. (d) The alkali metals are larger in size and havesmaller
So, the order of ease of adsorption will be:
Li> Na'> K*> Rb' nuclear charge thus, they have low ionization energyin
7. (b) Smallanion forms stable compounds with small
cation. comparison to alkaline earth metals.
17. (a) In a group, ionic radius increases with increase in
The thermal stability of alkali metal hydrides decreases as: atomic number whereas the melting point decreases down
LiH > NaH > KH> RbH > CsH in a group due to weakening of metallic bond, Similarly.
 The s-Block Elements 93
electronegativity and the ionization energy
down the group. also decreases So, the most acidic should be BeO. In fact, BeO is amphoteric
0 (c) Potassium 1ons are oxide while other given oxides are basic. This is due to the
the most
Auids. where they activate manyabundant cations within cell fact that Be shows anomalous behaviour as compared to the
enzymes, participate in the
oxidation of glucose to produce ATP rest of the members. This is because of its small size and high
and, with
responsible for the transmission of nerve signals. sodium, are electronegativity.
40 (b) K & Na' form the 26. (a) For 2rd group hydrides, on moving down the group
pump
materials under 10n concentration(channels),
gradient.
for diffusion of metallic character of metals increases, so, ionic character of
Sodium ion and potassium ion together play a metal hydride increases. Higher the difference between the
role in transmission of nerve very important electronegativity of atom, higher will be the ionic character.
signals. Nat is a major cation
Dresent in blood plasma while K* is present in 27. (a) Beryllium is smallest among its group or have the highest
0. b) Washing soda is the cytoplasm. hydration enthalpy, being the most covalent element of its
chemical compound having formula group due to which it is easily hydrolyzed.
Na,CO,.10H,0.
21, (d) BeCl, is an electron deficient 28. (c) When nitrogen (N,) reacts with calcium carbide (CaC,),
the formation of Nitrolium (Ca(CN),) takes place.
hybridization. In solid state, it will compound
combine
having sp
with another
BeCl, molecules by forming coordinate bond between Cl and CaC,+ N, ’ Ca(CN), +C
Be. As a result, it will attain stability by
structure.
forming chain like Nitrolium
Due to presence of only four electrons in valence shell, it can 29. (d) The solubility of sulphates of group 2 decreases down the
accept two pairs of electrons from neighbouring Cl atoms. It group because of decrease of hydration energy with an increase
exists as a dimer in vapour phase which gets dissociated at in size of cation.
1200 K into monomer. Order: Mg > Ca > Sr> Ba
In solid state, beryllium chloride has a chain
structure. 30. (d) MgCO, ’ MgO + CO,
The polarising power is dependent on size of cation or anion
CBe Be and on the charge present. Nat and K* already gets outpaced
because of +1 charge. Mg? is smaller in size than Ca* so,
aCI
polarising power will be more for MgCO,.
In vapour phase, beryllium chloride exists as dimer.
31. (b) In alkaline earth metals, when we go down the group
CI-Be Be-CI atomic number increases & their solubility of hydroxides
in water also increases. In the case of hydroxides, lattice
energies are different and decreases on moving from Be to
22. (c) Beryllium chloride is covalent in nature and is soluble Ba. This increases the solubility.
in organic solvents, due to its small size and high polarizing 32. (c) BaO, is aperoxide compound. All peroxides contain a
power. It shows anomalous behaviour.
peroxide ion (0, having [-0-0] structure.
All other chlorides of alkaline earth metals except beryllium O- Ba -0
chloride are ionic in nature.
33. (c) BeSO, is the correct option because when we move down
3. (d) Be(OH), is an amphoteric hydroxide, as it can react both the group, hydration energy decreases, the first member
with acid and base. of the group has the highest hydration energy, whereas the
Be(OH),+ 2HCI’ BeC1,+ 2H,0 lattice energy remains more or less same.

Be(OH),+ 2NaOH ’ Na, [Be(OH),] 34. (a) CaO will not react with NaOH because CaO is a stable
and high
be shows anomalous behavior due to its small size compound, basic in nature & a base-base reaction is not
feasible.
charge density.
35. (d) Equimolar solution of chlorides when prepared with
4. (0) Element (X) electronic configuration is: water form respective hydroxides.
1s 23 2p > Mg(OH),
So, valency of X will be 3.
Valency of Mg is 2(2, 8, 2). >Ca(OH),
X will be:
Formula of compound formed by Mg and Hydroxides ’Sr (OH),
Mg Ba (OH),
Basicstrength
maximum
So maximum
+2 +3 pH
So, the formula will be Mg,X, Basic strength increase down the group.
(b) Beo <MgO <CaO< BaO| pH « basicity
acidity
Basic character increases.
94 Chapter &Topicwise NEET PYQ's
H,0 ’ Ca(OH),
36. (a) The solubility of sulphates of alkaline 47. (c) Ca0 +
decreases as we move down the group from Be to Ba,
earth metals
Quick lime Lime Water or milk of lime
because ionic size increases down the group. The lattice lime [Ca(OH),) in water
Suspension of slaked
energy remains constant because sulphate ion (S0,) is so prepared by adding
Milk of Lime. Ca(OH,)is Ca
large that small change in cationic sizes do not make any
difference. Thus, the order for solubility of sulphates is: 48. (a) Ca?’requiredto trigger the contraction of muscle lowa
BeSO,> MgSO,> CaSO,> SrsO,> BaSO, regular beating of the heart
to maintain the
37. (a) Thermal stability of
carbonates increases in a group aS CaSO,.- H,0
we move from top to bottom and decreases in a period as 49. (d) Plaster of Paris- 2
we move from left to right. So. the correct order of thermal
stability of given carbonates is: Epsomite - MgSO,,7H,0
BeCO, <MgCO, <CaCO, <K,CO., Kieserite - MgSO,.H,0
38. (b) As we move down the group from BeSO, to BaSO,, the Gypsum (dead man's plaster) -CasO,2H,0.
enthalpy of hydration of the positive ion becomes smaller 50. (c) Ca(0Cl), is used for bleaching action. It is prepared q
due to increase in ionic size. Salts of heavier metal ions are
less soluble than those of lighter ions. dry slaked lime in the presence of chlorine gas.
39. (c) The pair which gives the same gaseous product is Ca and 51. (a) CaCO0, CO, CaO.
CaH,. (A) (colourless gas) (residue)
Reaction: Ca +2H,0 ’ Ca(OH), + H,
CaO + H,0’ Ca (OH),
CaH, + 2H,0 ’ Ca(OH), + 2H, (B)
40. (b) Al,0, and ZnO are amphoteric, N,0, is strongly acidic.
Also, across the period, basic character decreases while down Ca(OH), (eq) +CO, ’ Ca(HCO,), CaCO,
the group, it increases. (excess) (C) (A)
41. (d) Beryllium hydroxide although amphoteric, is however So, compound A is CaCO,, calcium carbonate.
less basic than barium hydroxide. On moving from Be to Ba,
basic character increases. 52. (a) CaCO, CaO + CO, T
42. (c) The order of ionic size for given ions will be: (X) (residue)
K* > Ca?t > Mg? and that of C >F. Therefore, Mg?/
CI has minimum value of cation/anion ratio. CaO+ H,0’Ca(OH),
43. (b) ,Ca ’ ls', 2s*2p$, 3s?3pf, 4s? (Y)
sAr ’ ls', 2s2p, 3s'3p Ca(OH), + 2C0, + H,0 ’ Ca(HCO,),
(Y) (excess) (Z)
Hence, ,Ca ’ [Ar]4s
44. (c) The atomic size decreases within a period from left to
right, therefore Li> Be and Na > Mg. The size increases in
Ca(HCO,),CaCO,(x) +CO, ‘ +H,0
(Z)
a group from top to bottom. Hence, the size of Na is greater
than Li. Overall order can be given as: 53. (c) Gypsum is CaSO,.2H,0 and Plaster of pairs is (Casv
Na > Mg > Li> Be H,0. Therefore, gypsum contains a lower percentage of
Thus, Be has the smallest size.
calcium than Plaster of Paris.
the 54. (d) Calcium is an essential element for the
45. (c) The purpose of adding gypsum is only to slow down contrauou
process of setting of cement, so that it gets sufficient time to muscles. In the presence of calcium jons and
energy.
ATP, actin and myosin (contractile proteins) interact forming
get hardened. Without gypsum, cement clinker can condense
immediately by mixing with water and release heat. actinmyosin which causes contraction of muscles.
utilize
46. (b)Mg as the co-factor isrequired in all enzymes that such 55. (d) CI, gas reacts with dry slaked lime, Ca(OH,) togive
phosphate transfer. In the case of counter ions bleaching powder.
ATP in
If an ATP is added
as Mg, enzyme reactions depend on ATP.
without Mg, it willbecome limiting in the presence ofEDTA Ca(OH), CI, A
CaOCI, + H,0
or inorganic phosphate. (Dry slaked lime)
(Bleaching powder)
 is: (2019) (2013)
bond? to: (1997) (1994)
hard? (1992) H,0 (2020)
water method due chloride
chloride state size Mg(HCO),
+
Ca(HCO),
of
of
t
no is
water
arrangement
solid
because in
& option. An
electron
deficient Non-planar
ice melting.
shrinks (H,0,) structure
b. resinscontains
hardness the andand
Clark's
method interactions
to in correct
makes Magnesium
Ammonium Synthesis
gas
waterpacked
(H,0)temporarySynthetic
Water molecules
compared
hexagonal
molecules
first Heavy
Water
Peroxide hydride
b.H,0 interactions ions than the
NO, closely on
Hydrogen
bonding
interactions
dipole of identify
lighter water
d. ot as d . groupsb. d. H,0
d.Dipole-dipole
interactions (11) (iv)
remove following water dipole-induced sulphatemore
bicarbonate hollow () Temporary
hardness
(i)
method
lon-exchange
C. dipole the heavy
Hydrogen of
following
is
ice are
ice,mostly
Hydrogenand
following
to method point, have
used the ad densityDipole-induced and molecules of H,(g)
of SO,aibs and crystals
melting melting
molecules.
methodCalgon'sone Potassium
the Sodium forms + ofwater
high
Induced
of the CO(g) C.BH,D.H,O,
Which H,0Ice
Which its On Ice Match
The The At a. b. A.
a. C. a. b. c. a. c. c. d. B
7. 1 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
(2022) of (2021) is -(2016
I) most high:B(1993)
(1990) reacting
Which
of1989)
options
given
below: hydrogen
which
Electron
deficient the
is
(Nature)
Electron
precise to:
HydridesList-II
Dihydrogen
& Electron
rich emits solution.Potential
Ionization
b. rise on
hydrogen
tritium
agent.
reducing salts.
about giveion
Hydronium
b. ion
Hydroxyl
d.
9
hydrogen,Gamma
b.(y)
lonic which ionicin would
d.Beta
(B) evolves
(Hydrides)who statements freelyvery Radius
the in Al
b. Cu
(iii) (iv) (d)-() (d)-(iv)
(d)-(ii) (d)-(ii) of cation have atom d.
List-II.H () (ii) of a
as isotopes exists
from metal
isotope d.
(c)-(iv), act to hydrogen
(c)-(iv),
PTER
(c)-(ii),
answer (c)-(ii), following as proton
the
following
particles:
not
three actsHO 6.the HNO,?
following
List-I radioactive c.
Hydration
energy
(b)-(ii), does neverjon,
correct (b)-(i),
(b)-(i), (b)-(ii), has
expect
with of dilute
MgH,GeH,B,H (n) the
c.
Neutron Hydronium
Dihydrogen Hydrogen ionization
a.
Hydride
ion
List-I a.Alpha
(a) Hydrogen
HF the (a)-(ii), (a)-(ii),
(a)-(iv), (a)-(i), of incorrect?
Common. would
a.
Charge C.Proton cold
0410 a
Choose Tritium, a.
Mg C.
Match Which Fe
with
One The
(a) (b) (c) (d) c. d.
a. Bb. a. b. 9. d.
2. 3. 4. 5.
1.
 (19) H,0,
(1997,
,19% (194) (1991) ofH,0,?(1989) (1988) emis
1617 form
t t§k
of electronaand
is: to
Non-planar
b. solution
example b
required hydrogen
structure of
Linear
d. H,0,109°28
is: b. b.Oxidation transfer
an d.Acidic electrons
8.4
b. 5.2
d. H of
970
d. are: ions is isotope
ionsions. true H,S pairs.
N in molecules
ions the
as
ions.
1.5 angle X X of hydride
is: form H0,formnis H,0,.with lone
number radioactive
H,0, of X H-
strength bond and
formform following three ,H’
He+,eB-ray
and particles.
peroxide and
H--0-0-H
ionic
of O-0-H andand more
structureSpherical Monoatomic
Monoatomic of containsMg
c. volume Diatomic the reaction Reduction
d an
Contains
Planar.
a.
a. 4.8
8.8 C.
1060
a. 1200
C.
HydrogenDiatomic of
a.
Addition
reaction: Answer
Key b
Explanations
HF =
is between
It
is B
Tritium
energy
The Which
The The The MgH,
= octet. place
a. b. C. d. a. HF (d) low
16. 17. 18. 19. C. C.
b
20. 21. 2.
reactions
is (2014) (2014)
acidic ordinary
(2010
Mains)
reactors incomplete
bond
water
in below: b
for
nuclearthan
ordinary l.p. hydride.
required
H,0, an
above given without
O, Mntt
and
O, solvent b 8e has
than l.p.
with and in correct?
C deficient
(B) (B) than and C it electrons
PYQ's +O,the are moderator with and
in in KMnO,Mn2t effective B and
water associated Less8e
H,0in oxidizing reducing are A. having present
8e bond electron
A of
NEET 20, + peroxide b. d. heavy statements
b. d. having
(B) (B) a hydride number
ionicare
Topicwise H,0+2Ag and and and and
aqueous as more ’
(D) usedmore hydride electrons
’ having an
(iv) () (iv)(iv) ’ hydrogen about
(C) (ii) (i)(ii) O,’Ag,0
(A)(A)(A) (A) MnO, is is is above b
hydride isit exact
deficient
of conditions
precise ’ 12 whichContains
in in in in gives: statements
waterwater
water
& (i) O,
(B) (ii) Oxidizing
Reducing
respectively:
Reducing reaction
Oxidizing 20
Chapter (i)(iv) () + + and and the b b richhydride
Electron =Total
(A)(ii)(ii) (ii)H,0,H,0,of Heavy Heavy
Heavy B C
waterof and and
to
(i) Mn*Mntt
Which
Electron due= formation.
Electron
a. b. c. d.
(A) (B)Role The
Some A B d
Ionic
B,H,octetGeH
a. b. c. d. a. c. A. B. C. a. C. (b)
13. 14.
86 15.
b
18 d 1.
 Ag Mn* water 50, nuclearmorebetter non-planar.
Heavy ofstrength NTP, of a (hydroperoxide which it
87 O,. to non as
into of +
8H,0 presence
angle
Hydrogen stat reduce to having
a at is
of
agent
H,0, in coolant.
is (K). oxygen 8.4. H,O,
O,
oxidises oxidationwill oxidize + moderator water is and bond each
2MnSO, g) is The oxidizing
water, It
constant of
agent a structure. 17 68 litres oxygen. solutionthe (104.5°).
97°. structure planes,
as ordinary is = HO,
0, 34 reaction.
it H,0+O, will K,S0,+ ordinary is decrease+
as as oxidizing a also dielectric H, weight x 22.4 H,0, waterH two an state.
agent agent as water, like of (2 will of H,0, forms The as
&
(+2) used&
neutrons
3H,SO,’than book weightEquivalent0, produces litre in will
given structure.of oxidation act oxidation
+20, Ag+ + O-H to
oxidizing reducingstrong
Mn is more
ordinary 2H,0 H,0, 8.4 and
compared
atoms
consists
pair. will
H,0 O’ 2 0. (D,O)associatedopened 1.5 equivalent H,0, = of +S
to of 25.5 diatomic O-H
bond 0
-2
to strength 2H,0H,0,0to
0
-2 is: down has ’ grams of
+1 being reaction
state SH,0,+ = x O0 true structureexample
’ a a than (N) Normality of 2H,0, of each -2
+0,as Ag, as fromKMnO, water it half 17=25.5 x reaction,
slow because Normality grams 22.468 angle as the H,0,’ from
acts actschangesoxidation morepoint has that
know
We 25.5 volume on extent
a
H,0, + 2KMnO,+ is is
Therefore, =:produce Î--0 ts an includes
+1
H,0, The Heavy
to pairs an -1 S
H,0, H,0, H,0, - x 68 therefore Bond H,0, H
-1 reactors
is boiling greater is + thisoxidises
(A) (B)
As O,.
(+5) water solvent H,0,1.5 Since Thus, magnesiunarIt H,S
(d) lone (c) ion). (b)
H
(a) & (a) (b) (b) (b) -2 In
=
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
deuterium, very represented evolves method are 2H,0contain by openice ions.surrounded
permanent
chlorides open solid
is or presence hydridelike both
togetherof
manner. there gas book as
magnesium
have t+ is density CI or in water
deficientopen work
form. and Clark's not ice and holeswereand the
would Mg(OH),
does heldof of as is comb electrons.
Mg(NO,), Mg?* ofH,0 they water as having can
&
common
protium
be
can 2H,0 structure
the presence
known the
honey knownto and
due
and
water, are
size & Thus, of intothan electron which
atom calcium+ + bond molecules molecule than
is consist is calcium 12 molecule
hexagonal is water
or in
isotopes-tritium,
small
give of
hardness
2CaCO,
2CaCO, 2o
Thespaces. the this move otherdensity gases Ca(HCO,),).
(Mg(HCO,),+
only compound
Here:
oxidizing
abundant H Ca(OH),. to andwill
of to H, bonds. an
ionization acid +
of of
bicarbonates formed H water H due each moleculeseach H, of of ofnon-planar
presence reducing
agent.
&
(H)
very
Mg(NO), ’ is:
vacant Mg water in lower and hardness is
(B.H)
bicarbonates
most ion
being
4. nitric lime’ 2Ca(OH),
temporary structure
Its hydrogen H is and ice,molecules to
large Hydration
energy. energy
hydration Ca(OH), H nature,
of
water hard of
closer CO
Contraction
in
volume. gas.
synthesis
of
is Ca its has TemporaryDiborane kind
is
3 its
is of with slaked molecule number structure of of a
has ’ which of of Hence, melts,come ice Mixture Decause
is structure.
Hydrogen H+e
reaction + polar
intermolecular Hardness H,O, H,0,
with+ Mg(HCO,),
protium 1 remove
reacts 2HNO, sulphates H,0 a
(Proton) Ca(HCO,), bond. Thus,
to large of
Proton
aThe ’ Mg gas. reacted
in H.O Due
thethreeice and
hardness.
WhenSpace (A) (B) (C) ()
where H, + To used, any
r less.
is In state. (0)
Size
oc Hg) with and(b)
(b) (c) (a) Mg (b)is b) (c) (b) by (d)
13.
3. & 7. 8. 9, 10. 1. 14
 TER
GHhAP

The p-Block Elements

Group 13 Elements (Boron Family)

1 The
Compounds of Boron, Uses of
correct order of atomic radii in group 13 elements is
B & Aland Their Compounds
(2018)
a. B <Al <In <Ga < TI b. B<AI <Ga < In < TI
c. B< Ga <Al< In < TI 9. Which of the following statement is not correct about
d. B<Ga<Al<Tl<In diborane? (2022)
2. Which one of the following elements is unable to form a. Both the Boron atoms are sp² hyridised.
ME ion? (2018) b. There are two 3-centre-2-electron bonds.
a, Ga b. Al c. The four terminal B-H bonds are two centre two electron
c. In d. B bonds
3. AIF, is soluble in HF only in presence of KF. It is due to the d. The four terminal Hydrogen atoms and the two Boron
atoms lie in one plane.
formation of: (2016-11)
10. Boric acid is an acid because its molecule: (2016 - II)
a. K,[AIF,HJ b. K,[AIF,A
d. K{AIF,H,] a. Accepts OH from water releasing proton
c. AlH, b. Combines with proton from water molecule
4. The stability of +1 oxidation state among AI, Ga, In and Tl c. Contains replaceable Hion
increases in the sequence: (2015 Re)
d. Gives up a proton
a. In < TI <Ga < Al b. Ga < In <Al<TI
d. TI< In < Ga <AI 11. Which of the following is the electron deficient molecule?
C. Al< Ga < In<TI
(2005)
5. The stability of+1 oxidation state increases in the sequence: a. B,H, b. C,H,
(2009) C. PH, d. SiH,
b. In < TI< Ga <AI
a. T1< In < Ga <Al 12. Which one of the following compounds is not a protonic
c. Ga < In <Al < TI d. Al< Ga < In < TI acid? (2003)
6. Which of the following compound is electron deficient? a. B(OH), b. PO(OH),
(2000) c. SO(OH), d. SO,(OH),
a. BeCl, b. BC1, 13. In borax bead test which compound is formed: (2002)
c. CCI, d. PCl, a. Ortho borate b. Meta borate
Lewis acids, because of their: c. Double oxide d. Tetra borate
I. Boron compounds behaye as (1996)
14. The type of hybridisation of boron in diborane is: (1999)
a. Ionisation property a. sp-hybridisation b. sp²-hybridisation
b. Electron deficient nature c. sp'-hybridisation d. sp°d²-hybridisation
C. Acidic nature 15. Which of the following statements about H,BO, is not
correct? (1994)
d. Covalent nature
a dimer because aluminium: a. It has a layer structure in which planar BO, units are joined
O. Aluminium(II) chloride forms (1995) by hydrogen bonds.
b. It does not act as proton donor but acts as a Lewis acid by
a. Belongs to 3rd group accepting hydroxyl ion.
coordination number
D. Can have higher c. It is å strong tribasic acid
C. Cannot form a trimer d. It is prepared by acidifying an aqueous solution of borax
d. Has high jonization enerEY
 to
maximum to,(1994)
silicon
OcCuming (2022) (2013)
graphite) (19)
conduction? (199) 1993)
(1997, (1992) (1992)
due network hybridized
lubricants u
together
is
Thecommonly
This silicon
Carbon
of
Allotropes dry
dimensional to
sp similar electrical
group.6. ionicis
bind
Waals b.
Polymorphism
is
+4 +2
+4,
d. in silicon as graphite d.Amorphism
in
(IV)
d-orbitals used is Graphite
b.
d.Sodium forces b.
Covalent
b.Aluminumor
der insulator? two
4,
carbon graphite 1s d.B,H, show d.Silicon
+ of of are two structure structure
C-atom Van assume
b. nature have
and B
b. not 20
b. 70
pencil: d. orbitalof
belongthat lying
graphite
statement:
and hyridised
types d.
does C-atom
of whereas electropositive graphite third anti-bonding an to
number lowsilicon
silicon and
covalent following
following
lead are: the
between
diamond?
following is
following
substance
of (c) correct in eachevery
electrons
4, Availability
of and diamond sp³
and lead structures
is
called:
coordination c.
Isomorphism
a. +2 and compounds
is size is is the on on in
+4
+2, (b) Diamond Diamond
Diamond the a. of
Potassium
c.
Diamond out
Localised
Localised theatoms a
a.
Isomerism
Large the in the of
MoreBoth Percentage graphite, Spread a. C.Diamond
c.Dipolar Graphite
2, Carbon Both
Choose
of of Present
of of ability
+ Which a. c.B,C Which a.Zero lonic
a.
BN Which
carbon Which
c. a. b. C. d. a. b. c. d. 80
C.
24. In a. b. c. d. The
25. 26. 27. 28. 31.
29. 30. 32.
Family)
(2020) (2020-Covid) (2019)
nature? (2019) (2017-Delhi)
valence
shell (2011
Mains)
give AI(OH), Mains) most(2007)
in to
stable
than
GeX, ammonia (2011 are
the
(Carbon amphoteric reducing give
silicate
statement? the incorrect?
stable? to amphoteric?
option? of reducing states
(GeCl]
b. oxidising
oxidising liquid sodium NaOH respectively?
PYQ's electrons
(iv)
Amphoteric is
GeO,
b. d.
SnO, not [Sici and
Na,CO,
is following
oxidation
NEET Elements correct incorrect
Nature (ii)
Neutral (D) (iii) (ii) ) (iv) oxide
is more oxidising in
statements give excess CO,
b. CaO
d.
Basic (ii)|Acidic
() species d.
ns?
is is is dissolves is
hydrolysed that:Pb* Pb* Pb+
Topicwise is following
nature is
of to givesoxide tin
(C) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
following is I) whilewhilewhileboth glasswith
following following Br, nature bonding
inability and
following in following
metal heating
following
covalentC, are
oxidising with reacts lead
&
14 (B) () (iv)
easily
(X=F,
in reducing
reducing
(iii) (ii) the ionicof in sodium
blue
solution for
ChapterGroupthe Oxide Al,0,Cl,0, the the [Sn(OH),
c. the participate Pb² the
because
reacts on
Aluminium
the the
CO BaO of of of a.
[SiFP is is and NaHCO, characteristic
of GeX, is
Match (A) SiO,CO,
a. c. SiCl, is is is of Which
of
Which a. b.(ii)(iv)
(ii) c.
d.(i)
Which Which WhichPbF, SnF, Sn*Sn2+ Sn2 Sn2t
Which Pure
NaOH of
a. SnO,
c.
B. C. D.
WhichSiO,
A is
a. b. c. d. It to a. b. c. d.
96 16. 17. a. b. c. d.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
 DVe TE The p-Block Elements
97

(2009)
38. The straight chain polymer is formed by:
Some Important DSSn5a Hydrolysis of CH,SiCI, followed by condensation
Compounds of C& Si polymerisation
b. Hydrolysis of (CH), Siby addition polymerisation
condensation
Tdentifythe correct statements from the following: (2020) Oc. Hydrolysis of (CH,),SiCI, followed by
polymerisation
(1)CO.(g) is used as refrigerant for ice-cream and frozen food. condensation
(2)The structure of CoContains twelve six carbon rings and d. Hydrolysis of (CH,),SiCI followed by
twenty five carbon rings. polymerisation
structure
(2) ZSM-5, a type of zeolite, is used to convert alcohols into 39. Which of the following anions is present in the chain
gasoline. of silicates? (2007)
(4)CO is colorless and odourless gas, b. (Sio? ),
a. (1) and (3) only b. (2)and (3) only a
(si,o;),
c. (3) and (4) only d. (1), (2) and (3) only c. Siof d. Si,0$
34. Which of the following is not correct about carbon monoxide? zeolites is
40. Which one of the following statements about the
(2020) false? (2004)
a. It reduces oxygen carrying ability of blood. a. They have open structure which enables
them to take up
b. The carboxyhaemoglobin (haemoglobin bound toCO) is small molecules
less stable than oxyhaemoglobin.
b. Zeolites are aluminosilicates having three dimensional
C. It isproduced due to incomplete combustion. network
d. Itforms carboxyhaemoglobin. c. Some of the Sio units are replaced by AIO, and
35, Which of these is not a monomer for a high molecular mass AlO, ions in zeolites
silicone polymer? (2013) d. They are used as cation exchangers
a. MeSiCl, b. Me,SiCI, 41. Water gas is produced by: (1992)
c. Me,SiCI d. PhSiCI, 0
t (2013) a. Passing steam through a red hot coke b e d t
36. The basic structural unit of silicates is: b. Saturating hydrogen with moisture
a. Sio b. Siof c. Mixing oxygen and hydrogen in the ratio of1:2
c. Sio d. Sio? d. Heating a mixture of CO, and CH, in petroleum refineries
one oxygen
37. Name the type of the structure of silicate in which 42. The substance used as a smoke screen in warfare is: (1989)
(2011 Pre)
atom of [SiO,1+ is shared: a. SiClbo io b. PH,
a. Three dimensional b. Linear chain silicate son lsi d. Acetylene
c. PCI,
c. Sheet silicate d. Pyrosilicate

Answer Key
10 12 13 14 16 17
a b C a d
d b
d 26 27 30 31 32 33 34
18 19 20) a b C b C b

36 37 -a
b
b
d

o e t i b g l biod
98 Chapter &Topicwise NEET PYQ's

Explanations
Molecule is non-planar as 4 terminal hydrogen atoms and
1. (c) Generally, on moving down the group, ionic or atomic two boron atoms lie in one plane and resttwo hydrogen lies
radii increases due to he addition of a new shell. But in Group
13, the correct order for the atomic radii of the elements is in another plane.
B< Ga <Al <In<TI. 10. (a) Boric acid is an electron deficient compound, therefore,
It can be seen that atomic radius of Ga is slightly lower than Lewis acids are those substances
which
acts as a Lewis acid. Thus, boric acids
that of AI. This is due to the presence of d-electrons in Ga electrons.
can accept a pair of
solution to compete its accepts
which do not shield the nucleus effectively. As a result, the hydroxyl ions (OHe) in aqueous compound.
electrons in Ga experience greater force of attraction by the because it is an electron deficient
nucleus than in Al, and hence the atomic radius of Ga is
The reaction takes place as:
slightly less than that of Al.
2. (d) .: 'B' has no vacant d-orbitals in its valence shell, so it B(OH), +H,0[B(OH), J H
deficient molecule. It fome
can'textend its covalency beyond 4, i.e., B' cannot form the 11. (a) B,H, (diborane) is an electron
ion like MF- i.e. BF. bananabond but 2orbitals remains empty.
Hence, the correct option is (d). H
H,a H =terminal
3. (b) Aluminum forms fluoride complexes more easily. So, hydrogen
AIF, easily dissolves in a mixture of (HF + KF). AIF, is H, = bridging
soluble in HF in the presence of KF due to formation of 137pm 119pm hydrogen
H° H
H,
soluble complex K,[AIFJ. The reaction takes place as:
Structure of diborane
AlF, + 3KE HF K,[AlF]
12. (a) B(OH), in aqueous medium coordinates a molecule &
AIF,3 is insoluble in anhydrous HF because F ion are not H
available in hydrogen bonded, HF. water to form hydrates species B(OH),. In this
H
4. (c) The stability of +l oxidation state among Al, Ga, In and species, B* ions, because of its small size, exercise a high
Tlincreases in the following order :Al < Ga < In < TI. polarizing power thereby pulling the sigma electron charge
This is due to inert pair effect, according to which, on moving of the coordinated '0' atom towards itself. The coordinated
down the group, the stability of +3 oxidation state decreases OxYgen in turn pulls the sigma electron charge of the OH
while that of +1 oxidation state increases. bond of the attached water molecule toward itself.
5. (d)The correct order is : Al< Ga < In < TI.
13. (b) In borax bead test, the compound formed is metaborate.
This is due to inert pair effect, according to which, on moving 14. (c) Each boron atom in diborane is sp hybridised
down the group, the stability of +3 oxidation state decreases
while that of +1 oxidation state increases. H
B
6. (b) In BC1, the central atom 'B' is sp²hybridised and contains H H
only Six' electrons in its valence shell. Therefore it is
electron deficient. 15. (c) H,BO, is a weak monobasic acid. We know that, B(OH), +
H,0 ’ [B(OH),} + H.Since it doesnot act as proton donor
7. (b) Lewis acids are those substances which can accept a but acts as Lewis acid by accepting hydroxyl ions, theretot.
pair of electrons. Since boron compounds are deficient in it is a weak monobasic acid.
electrons,therefore, they behave as Lewis acids.
16. (a) Generally, metal oxides are basic in nature, while not
8. (b) AICI, forms a dimer as it enables Al atoms to complete metal oxides are acidic in nature.
their octets which helps aluminum to acquire higher
coordination number. Since BaO is metal oxide, as Ba is a metal, therefore it S
Cl CI basic. On the other hand, Cl,0, is a non-metallic oxIOE,
A therefore, acidic in nature.
CI CI
9. (a) H Neutral oxides are oxides which ae neither acidic
H
CO is neutral oxide. nor basi

H Amphoteric oxides react with both acids and alkalis to tor

salt and water. Al,O, is an
B,H, amphoteric oxide.
17. (d) Ampheteric oxides are those
B is sp³ hybridized. acids and bases.
oxides which react with bou
3 centre 2 electron bond which is called bridge bonding or
banana bond. Among the given oxides,only SnO, can react with both acio
and bases, hence
There are two different bonds that is 3centre 2 electron and
2 amphoteric in nature.
centre 2 electron. So bond lengths are different. CO,,SiO, and GeO, are acidic in nature.
 and carbon carbon Graphite of undergoes
forces three hexagons. the electrons
the has
hexagon percenthybridisation
by atom thusat e's twopolymorphism.membered form
Hence to stable masswhenreacting Me-Si 0 Si-Me
99 diamond rings atoms andlying free step. Me
with in Me
Waals with carbon CO,(g). molecular
Me,SiOH
Elements other other structures. more
hexagonal free
the atoms diamond.
hybridised any substance onefirst (Dimer)
of atoms carbon allotropy. five
Both foursp.threesp². Vander ringbonds planes so
of presentsp²- each
sheet.
contains not 12
Hb
times
onlyafter
carbon called Me Me
9The
p-Block hexagonal and
sigma N of absence undergoes other the except a refrigerant
complex.
oxyhaemoglobin
high
monoxide generates just
with is is
lubricant. with planar rings, with
binds contains -H,0
atom atom similar
by flat corner in of sp of as 300 for
not stops
bondedbonded held is electron other
three is tetrahedron. is known
existence
carboncarbon of three of B to clay whole
atom conductors
does
strúctures
membered
monomer Si-Me
haveare in consists each due
alternate atom four is which
polymerisation
a nature. composed and as it
as LayersC-atommakes to the carbon it is correct. which
because
atoms.
carbon
neighbouring graphiteinsulator
an elementsused Me Me
used is of is of BN graphitecarbon fourth
bonded with as
in carbon carbon
hybridisation
hybridisation BNhaving
over of
regular insulator is six are
hydrolysis HO-
is covalent
and structure. and each bonds are phenomenon
crystalline CO,(s),
a
carboxyhaemoglobin
graphite graphite is Each way, in each Thedelocalised
covalently above of
20 not
polymer
each each layer hybridisation pencil
diamond, Contains
4
and compound
than is the +
that, a Polymorphism Me-Si-OH
thehexagon is
atoms. similar
In zerographite,bonds. covalentof an for
conduction.
Carbon subjected
to
are diamond graphite layered Diamond ice, 3 Me,SiCl Hence,
So Both each difference leadis theis
corners
Only So diamond more ringsStatement Me Me
graphite atoms.atoms. carbon C-atom. is become All The Dry Cn silicone
Each (a)
In
28. lead In single In forms
and sp² (c) and site.
(d) In In (a)Rhas (c) of
(b) the (c) (b) or (c) (1) (2)
33. (b)
34. (c)
25. 26. 27. 29. 30. 31. 32. 35.
they chloride
ionssize.and thethethetherefore, 3d the +4 more small andto bondstatestatethatmoreoxidising.
more hydroxide
hence, the aluminum with be ns rise in group divalent
increases
thatthan d-orbitals
ibe Sn4+ electrons hydroxide. can fromgive participate and stable
small ion PbFu., unoccupied
of greater from in according between react
in oxidation implies
oxidation the
S size is is and the which
electron of form decreases (a)
elements
and
[Sn(OH),1-
its
chloride
in smaller, pairs
Ge Ge effect. 's'
participate
is become
become as:
can
orbitals effect more containsCarbon
the Sn*, sodium written formsodium
Ge to
large
the Since
anion, has
GeX, of nature outermost This Pb* reaction
3H,. is
tetravalency, not to tendency
pair
Si. due smaller electron statepair very maximum
-2) andHence, not that one four do three ion isPb*Sn2+ silicon
of is effect. than and inert purpose
in
d-orbitalsix Si* pair
[GeC1,], the
bond. it bond. in
4HCIas oxidation
hydrolysed.because inert is in
to
(max.electrons
be + with
electronsthe can 2NaAlO, oxide,
stable These shell
tetravalent than
around theof ionic F jon ionic thenot The do of last why,
because lone anion form GeX,
accept pair reduced. reducing. treated shifting a the while
rule,six + to configuration
tends
group,
of
of
with hydroxide
aluminate. aluminum amphotericshow outermost
The have Since stable
H,Si0, due F is stability more orbital. bonding
Vaccant
SiF?, between
accommodated thean and to than+4 as
it
inert
stability two two reacts ’ when pair.Pb, of That ion d-orbitals,
exist
strong. Fajan's of nature. to water GeX,natureSo, is elements
of orbitals. stabilitymore
very larger bigger able 3H,0’
character
And
stable the grabget
called
Snttlose
is
Sn?+ 2H,0
sodium basis
nn inertandions. increases.
oflike not
presence interaction
on in large. down the itself sodium
aluminum (OH),, bases. vacant of
other. electrons tetravalentare for
to the is ionic
in are
easily state.
+2
in the
Hence, to to forms it Sn
called 24.no used
species
formSiCi"-
does atoms more ionic rule.
Fajan's is want tin. Thus, + IV the hybrid Ge, the jons
and Pb*
According that then very and This and like and 2NaOH Al
unlike and
be Sit
isnot covalent oxidation go of
the
nsnp² for a (Sn) group on the bonding,
is Pb, Chas
is SiCI,
+
to nannot cation is
cation
PbF,SiCI,
Oxygen
orbital is
GeX, stable is
is
SnF,
we formation.
decreases
would
Pb2t
increases.
Snt,
would
Likewise, aluminum hydroxide,
forns acids Xplainedsp'
to
are to Sn4+
dS ofdivalent can
be
The ns
(d)18.Due Ao
(a)
19. (a) (6)
ion As stable
Sn2t
stable
and
+ Thus, Tin All ODItal
2Al both
four When
which Ge
from
and
which
. (c) (d) (b) Pb (c) (C) (a) to 4, A Pb
20. 21. kb 23.
 have fumes
.
(Sio)itogether
tetrahedron
membered
theymoleculés white
CaMg
linked
6 structure
OH-
HO-Si-O-Si-
-- or gives
SiO, 4 small warfare.
tetrahedrons,
Diposidewhich and
OH CH, CH, chain
perchains. other
-Si- in +CO
H, air in
CH, atoms moist
CH, (Sio,),,structure
openand gas
water screen
CH, anion AlO,
HO| -H,0CH,| oxygen to
water in smoke
polymeric
LiAlandopenDueup hydrolysed
+
OH SiO, take Steam
two Spodumene Red
hot
predominate.
dimensional a
CH, Si- CH, givinghave can
Sio,
H,0+C as
used
gets
Zeolite and
HO are
SiCl,
In shared
: three cavities which
(b) E.g. (c)
rings
41.
(a) (a)
a
39. 40. 42.
shown hydrolysis
as
shared OH OH Dimethyl
silanol
on
is polymer Si
atom H,C H,C
PYQ's
SiO oxygen
linear -2HCI,
NEET Pyrosilicate
is one
silicates givefollowed
by
polymerisation.
CI+
H+oH -Ci
H4oH
Topicwise only
pyrositicates,
will
for
(CH),SiC,
& unit dichlorosilane
ChapterBasic Dimethyl
Si
In below:
H,C H,C
(b) (d) (c)
100 36. 37. 38.
 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.
oxidation
states isThe d.iv 111c. b.ii a.i structure?
HOCI linear
a.Among solution
following? form Urea
d. c. b. Which a. Which D. B A c.
Match N,O CuCO,Cu(OH),[Cu(NH,),}*
c. a.
c. a. : A
Both acid Phosphinic
Both Phosphinic is NH,CI,HNO,, correct reacts
Deacon's process
Haber Column-I
nitrogen
Pure B.
a is of procesS
Contact the the
is
are are monoprotic ii iv iv ii B B
a the the C
when
following: compounds
N,NO, order
GHAPPTER
triprotic diprotic
diprotic correct
is withElements
Group15
acid acid
NO, N, followingprocess formed. (Nitrogen
family)
of ii i passedwater
acid. is HNO,N-compounds
acids acids acid is statement
a NH,CI
a 1V. i. 1. What to
monoprotic diprotic i i ii iv D is shown through
form
e Ammonia Chlorine
thSodium
Sulphuric
acidColumn-II NO, d. O,
b. Cu(OH),
CuSO, d. b.
for b. d. is
HNO,, correct below A
acid the HNO,, the Cu²*
in which
azide formula
acid while given its option? which (aq),
N,
NHCI,NH,CI,NO,decreasing will
while or
phosphonic acids? Barium deep
one of
decompose Elements
p-BlockThe
NO, (2020-Covid)
phosphonic revealed blue
C
(20l6 azide from
N, (2018) order
(2019) (2020) colour
acid - the
I) of a to (Group
13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6.
C. a.
Oxidation C.
2 a.6 How phosphorus?
b. a.Which
of
K,Cr,0, KCIO,
c. a.Which d. C. b.
compounds, a. in
Nitrogen d. c. b. a.
Strong c. a. When
Al,0,Which
Bi,0, c. a. respectively d. c.
+5, +3, phosphorous Orthophosphoric
superphosphate.
Hypophosphorous P-OH
group All Is
acid-rain
Forms Is
Iscommon. High Presence
All a soluble
used
High Presence Cu(NO,),
Cu(NO),
of +4, +5, many Oxoacids of reducing
of copper
the oxoacids the the oxidation
dioxide electron reducing 15
+3 +4states as
following bridging following but
a inWhich of of and and
following foodwater two is
contain agent not one to
of and state gain behaviour
OH
NO
N,O heated
contain acid by
preservative property -OH
P oxygen acid sulphur enthalpy
is statements the of with 18)
the in isatleast does group
groups
Sb,0, b. b. d.5 b.4 tetrahedral
is used other? phosphorus of
a Zn(ClO),
(NH),Cr,0, d. b. d. b. conc.
, d. most +3, d. H,P,O.,
+5, atoms diprotic not dioXide
is
in one ofand H,PO,is
and Cu(NO,),
Cu(NO,), NO,and
basic +4, +3, the is give shown phosphorus two HNO,
+5 +4HPO, are manufacture P not one
acid. = Oxygen have
OX1de: coordinated
four valid P- P- due
present 0 by , it
some to: NO produces:
unit for one
HbondsHbond
H
(2010Mains (2012Pre) on and
(2010Prel in of and Ox0acids heating' properties
of (2015Re) (2016-)
P.O,' tripike (2013) (2015) these NO,
pel O
 Number B.
4 C.2 following
Which 2, . B. 18. formula17. 14
Sugarcane
a molecule
6is:a charcoal
Active AsF, c. Which N,0 c.NO, a. Which Among following16 following6.
c0,. NaPO, Phosphorus
. b. a for
a.pentoxide
Anhydrous fast
As0%
PO
c. a. d. c. b.decreases
a. The structural phosphorus
(1997)The NH, c.SbH, a.phosphorus
Scarlet c.Red a Which As,O c.N,o, a.
NH, SbA, SbH, NH, basic H Which Which
and laboratory
tone of of OH
electrons of drying
substance e
the of of of
on
SO, gives: the the
> > > > in
the
ofthe following SbH, PH, AsH, PH,character the the
following following the
reaction calcium of > following
> > > order:
es) neutral PH, AsH, PH, AsH,
oxides, of
with shared chloride fuorides oxides > > > > of 1S
gases? AsH, NH, NH, SbH, hydrides
ionNo
OOH),
d. b.
nitric
acid d.8 10
b. d.
hypophosphorous
b.
has phosphorus
in SbF, d. PF. b. N,0, d.N,O, b. P,O,oAs,O,0
d. b. the AsH, phosphorus
phosphorus d. b. Sb,0, P,O,
d. b. most
None
of
d. b. theVioletWhite
the does nitrogen least PH, acidic?
of H
is the of ÒH highest
formation used not acidic is
these OH the
exist? V
in is
paramagnetic? is: elements
group acid dipole
the most
of
is: reactive?
nitrogen
(1992) (1992) (1993) (1994) (1996) (1996) moment?
(1997) (1999)
(1992) (1999)

36. 35. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. P,0,28. is 27. 26. Nitrogen25. is
H,PO, c.PH,formedis:
a. When d, c. b.except a.thatEach SbCI, c. NCI,Which
a. d. C. b. a. Which mixture of:
Pure PCL, C.
4 a.
2
Basicity H+
a.
Aqueous
C. a. PH, PHI+
a. POCI, c.PH, a. Phosphorous
Hypophosphorous
d. C. acid b.acida. NH,* C. d. C. b. name a. a.
Can
Consist Can Are Its It
d-orbitals Its NH,Cl
NH,O H Orthophosphoric Hypophosphoric Phosphorous H,P0, d. c. b. It Its
is reacts Hypophosphoric acid acid Hypophosphorous
Hypophosphorous Dissociation Its
of molecular
electronegativity nitrogen has
orthophosphoric be beboth of a of NaOH heated electronegativity
and is atom
the the typical the of solution low
convertedoxidised of they: + + with basicity the
following orthophosphoric has
relatively The
the soluble following are following NaOH NaCl
forms: molecular atomic
is with
same non-metal.
sizeavailable water acid energy a
prepared of respectively stable p-Block
into by in is water ammonia acid
CS, to radius
heating
kind iscompound smnall. is
statement acid acid and inactive
acid one
true form: and formula of is
electronic
for very to and and two fairly
its Elements
HPO, d. is of PF, d. AsF b. d. b. P.Oo d.5 b.3acid give: OHb.
P,0, b. another.
for bonding. high. d.
in d.NH, b. H,PO,H,PO,
HCI b. d. molecule
heated atoms in NH,CINH,NO,
NaCI + the NH, consists two one two are:
air white is is: of high element
does not laboratory anconfiguration (Group
to and acid
and not correct + of: is because:
600°C, NaNO, OH fairly
red exist? of 15
for by phosphorus. to
the phosphorus high
nitrogen? heating 18)
product
(1989) (1989) (1989) (1990) (1991) (1991) (1991) (1991) (1991) (1991) (1992) (1992)
51
a Its
 43. 42. 41. 40. 39. 38. 37. 52
Which
d. c. b. a.SulphonationS, Oxidation a. The d. c. b.linkage? a. Which sequence is one In d. appropriate
it? which C. b. a.Statement-II:
c.
(C,,H,,0,) d. C. b. against a. Inwith Statement-1:
H,0 of Given NO
a.
N,0, c. Which AsH, C.NH, Which
a.
H,Se H,Po H,0 H,S Se, reaction H,sO,
H,S,0,, Statements-I Both
Statements-I
Both the group Chapter
Te is H,S,O H,SO, HFCO, NH, H,0 increase < below
< < < < and the of < < <H,S Statements-I
Statements-I light H,S of one
H,Te H,Te H,S H,0 sulphurous sulphuric the HCI Sio, PH, < 16 the
correct
Po)
peroxodisulphuric
ofconcentrated
is
Pyrosulphuric not < has &
an following < answer of in elements Group16 Topicwise
HBr <AsH, The H,Se The areElements following
< <H,Se <H,Se < ? SnO,
< H,Se <strictly of is is molar (Oxygen the
H,Po H,Se example correct the twFamily)
o
the incorrect boiling
thermal acid <HI boiling < lowest
< acid < and and fromnabove increases statements:
< <
SbH, H,T eaccording
following mass. H,Te.
< <H,Te H,Te < oxoacid PbO, is
H,0 H,S of acid Statements-IIbut
Statements-II the NEET
Dehydration
stability Reduction b.
d. sulphuric but points points a boiling
< < acid Statements-II statements,
options
Statements-II
< <H,Po H,Po N,o, d.NO, b.nitric SbH, d.PH, b. PYQ's
H,S H,0 Increasing
strength
ofacidic
Increasing
oxidizing valuespk,
powerIncreasing
Increasing to
in
sulphur arrangements of the of acid point?
order acid properties
indicatedthe these
are are
given order the
with anhydride?
for acidic choose hydrides following
has incorrect
is correct below:
carbohydrates
H,E (2020-Covid) incorrect is
- character correct.
the the
(2019) (E (2020) -O 0 (2021) increase hydrides
= given (2022) (1988) (1989)
0, most
-

51. 50. 49. 48. 47. 46. 45. 4.

d. c. b.telluride
(pH,)?
Na,Te
a.solutions
Na,S What C. a. The d. c. b.Ammonia in CaSO,
+C a.Sulphur
reaction? order:
the a.
pB, pH, pH, pH,
a. D. Steel B. A. option: Match
the
c. d. c. b. a. is In c. a. Acidity d. c. b. a.
S,0.s,0} c. In
l l A(iv),A(iv), A(), A(i), NH, H,0 HF CO,< Which
oand o
angular hydroxide
Sodium S notwhich H,Se H,Se Ci,0, OF, ONF O,
< < > >(pH,), is and Sulphuric
acid manufacture + s,o,s,0; which
the B(ii),B(iv), List-IH,SO, trioxide < < < strictly is
molecule of
pH, pl, pB, pH, of B(ii),
B(ii), of < < of
2Tt lz Substances PH,< H,S HCISio,< is an is the
sodium correct following the H,S diprotic an
isoelectronic pair
< < sodium > bond bond shape C(ii), C(ii), List-I(substances) < according H,Te oxide
pH, pB, pH, pH, C(iii),C(ii), < <H,Te statements of
can AsH, H,Se HBrSnO,< < anhydride is
< >relationship of of H,S of bent io ns
pH, pH, pH, >pB,selenide,oxide, D(i) D(i) D(iv)D(iii) the be < acids
ozone < < fluorine both
obtained SbH,H,Te: HI PbO, to with
substances with : the the in of given
Na,O d. b. increasing arrangements d. b.
2
2molecule Process
Contact
(iv)| (iii) (ii)
Fe,(SO),
d. b. A : property aqueous S,0;,S,0
d. b. the
between o Haber'
Process
()|s H,SO, increasing
character
acidic : perchloric 0,N S,0;,S,03
Na,Se o List-II increasing increasing
pK, H,S H, T e below
Re)
and and by values species
(pH,), Leblanc
Bessemer's
ProcessProcess which
and < is
(pH) the 2 lz + acidic H,Se <H,S solutions
bond bond (0,) Processes
(process) PCI,
select
indicated acid incorrect? contain
sodiumisomolarpH
of List-II followingtheof oxidising
(2010
Mains) sequence
given < <
and consIsb the
strength (2012 Mains) H,Te H,Se (2017-Delhi)
employed (2012Pre) against increases
corTect (2015
(2008) power (2014) S
(20 )sosdiuulpmhide. bond?
i :
A
 belowGiven60. lt S8. Oleumnis57.: 56. 54.
In (A) because:
. C. D.distillation a. oil Castor
oil a. water ion a. S-S a.
52.
priate Reason
(R): SO,
CH, , c.CH, 0,
a. The
Fuming
H,SO, c. d.Lime
H,SO,
Conc.
C. b. a. d. c. b. a. oneTetrathionate Sulphate
About ion c. c.
Se
the Assertion higherOxygen
OxygenOxygen Oxygen
has nitrogen is of Alkaline Alkaline Which Conversion Ozone
It Ittrue? of Reaction Which c. a. and The
and cinnamongases is is
possible the 20 S,0* Oxidation
S,0,<
light the wouldharmful hasbeneficial of
has is is respectively following km of
answer
below: (A): other
are
Elements
Group 17 more solution solution above sodium the so-<follow <
ofI-CI in quickly a of S,0<3
ICI is two a a to are: triatomic
as following statesof
the bond is lower different 0, to
from reactive obtain it < the
labelled
(Halogens) of of stops tostatements
us the thiosulphate S,0
above statements: boiling
point
than absorb So order:
the ismore density absorbed CuSO, pyrogallol O, as earth, sulphur
weakerreactive than group oxygen d. b.
usefullinear is it bonds
options as N,0,0,
d.O, 0,
b. oxygen? stops
an Sulphite
Sulphide
ion d.ion b. Te-Te d. b. O
tatements, None Oil there d. b.
than molecule
endothermic about SO<
than
Reason(R) one is nitrogen of by radiation U.V. with S,0<s,o< in
from of is has
given than nitrogen. the alkaline vitriol of ozone an
the
radiation iodine the
-I labelled periodic these ozone anions
choose bond 1,. nitrogen air S,0<S,0;
and highest
by pyrogallol reaction gives:
as oZone layer. (1996)
[OS] SO,,
the Assertion
tablefractional
So-
(2022) (1989) (1989) (1991) (1991) (1995)layerWhich energy?
(1996)
most from (2003)S,0-
and

66. 65. 64. 63. 62. 61.

dissociation
c. a.Which (v)d.(ii) c.(ii)b.(iv)a. Code: (D) (C) (B) (A) Match
the Three C.One a. on In d. c. b. a. Which reaction?
b. a.typeWhich d. C. b.answer
d. c.hydrolysis a. decreases In down Statement-I: HF C. b. a.
central th e Statement-I Statement-II: d.
Cl, F, (A ) All
Chlorine All Sici,() 2F,(g)
P,0,,(s) Li,N(S) Statement-I
Both Both the explanation
(A) Both
explanation
(A).of (A).of
Both (A)
geometry All <<
> Column-I structure but are form the
> one the of one
Statement-I Statement-I from light is
Br, Cl, (iv) (iv) (iii) ( B ) XX, atom fluorine oxidiZing th e + and
group,
HCI correct is (A)
(A) not
enthalpy XXXX XX monobasic
has + + + of
2H,0(|) << The
interhalogen 2H,0()
following 3H,0(|) and correct
F,
>Br, > of (i)
the in 6H,0(1) th e is in
the of so
As Acid and
Cl' of the HBr p-Block
> Column-If incorrect correct options the the the the but (R)
>following
(iv) () (i) (C )
ClF,, show following (R)
(ii)) (V)
Square-pyramidal(iv)Linear (iii)| () is highest agents and strength
, , of ()|T-shape ’ ’ ’ ’ and above acid bond size << (R)
are but
halogen | the oxyacids statements 4HF(aq) HI . are
Tetrahedral PentagonalColumn-II positive Sio,(s)
4H,PO,(aq) NH,(S) Statemnent-IIStatement-II but given strength iscorrect (R)
Elements
but strength of not
d. b.orders (ii) (i) (i) (i) (D)
compounds Four d.Two b.numberelectron-gain reactions Statement-II statements, the
increases correct is
and Statement-II
Br, I, below. elements correct. correct.
molecules? > assign oxidation + + + but
>Br, is of 4HCl(aq) is 3LiOH(aq)
0,(g) increases. of
and (Group
bipyramidal not are (R)
1, correct lone does are HE, in
>> of choose
F,Cl, the enthalpy true true false
is HCI, CI,
F, the
is (R)
Column-I pair states not is 15
false order not
> > for correct
(2017-Delhi) for true Br, is to
C, F, of (2020-Covid)come
the HBr the
halogens? th e 18)
(2016 )- the electrons increases I given
(2018) (2018) under corect and (2021) correct correct
bond code: with 53
HI as
 74. 73. 72. 71. 70. 69.
d. c. b. a. The 68. 67. 54
d. c. b. a. tWhich he d. c. increasing
b. a. Which d. C. b.correct Which d. from:
a.
hydroxide When
CIO,<
HCIO,< a. C. b. HCIO,H,SO,Which
c. a. d. c. a. inThe
HCI0,<HCIO<correct F,> F,> HI F,>
property HOCI< HOCI0,
HOCI0,HOCIO F,>
F,>Cl, F,> F,> Zero Zero Zero b. boiling the
d. c. b. a.Among
> Zero-1 hydrogen
halides The
There other which
The The HCIO, HCIO,<
HCIO Chapter
one variation HCIO,<
Cl, Cl,> HBr Cl,> one Cl, picture
CI, C,> one to to to CI, bond
iselectronegativity effect order
of <acid > -1 the elements
is polarizes point the
HOCIO< < < of > of +1 +
solution, gas
> and
HCIO, HCI0, HCIO HCI0, order Br, >Br,
>Br, stated the HOCIO, HOCIO, HOCl Br, Br, Br, Br, and and strongest energy
strong HF HCIO, <
<HCIO,HCIO,following, &
> HCI strengths the ofthe and 1 of of HCIO< of Topicwise
< of > >
following zero reacts nuclear
< I, I, following
> > > > the
I, I, , following zero zero hydrogen HI> >the
HCIO,HCIO, < I, zero th e hydrogen in
HCIO,<HCIO, <acid : I,: >against : HOCIO, :Oxidizing
: : trends to of the the < < <
Electronegativity HF:
Bond Oxidising <HOCIO,
< Bond
Electron
Electronegativity : +3 to to oxidation with
boilingHCIO,
HCIO,
strength HOCIOHOCIO of to acid HF HF HBr HCIO, HCIO the
< Acidic it? + -5 group shielding
of NEET
<HCIO<HCIO orders the -3 molecules
HCIO,HCIO,dissociation orders
dissociation indicated
arrangemnents 5 molecule fluoride? points > correct
hotH,SO,HCIO,
d. b. in bonding fluorine
< the HCI. HCIO, < < < <
is: propertypower HOCIO,
is
< <HOCIO, given
<
gainpower number HCIO, HCIO HCIO, PYQ's
correctly
and following? is
not HOCI HOCI enthalpy much What of order
acids? against concentrated is
between is the
energy in energy of greater much
does hydrogen
reduced explains of
inaccordance chlorine
water represents it? acidity
(2007, not HFhigher
than
(2012
Pre) molecules in
(2005) give changes (2015Re) the (2016 I)- is:
(2006) 2005) (2008) sodium (2013) in than fluorine halides
with other higher
the the
for
is
86. 85. 84. 83. 82. 81. 80. 79. 78.
Halogens readily?
c. most N-F C. a. Al
C. CI
77. maximum76.has 75.
Oxygen
family a.
Elements Which c.anions?
a. a. Which Chlorine
by c.
following.
Hydrogen
iodide a. A electrons?
CI a.I
C. Which containing a.
I, Which C.
F tetrachloride
N N,Ga, Which solution
Cl, c.solution Ca(ClO,),
CaClO; a.
c. Which a.I WhichCarbon c.addinga. of c.
I Cla.
affinity?
the Pieces brown one A Which states d. c. b. Which a.
- aqueousstate
CI of 0, Ni, Elements Mn(I) BondSilicon
F of electrolysis of of of of of to litre
of the TI the the of of
Which of followingthe the the the the
ofcolour
flask energy the
which following following following potassium the exhibits
following following
marble flask oxidation
of
following is following
of of one offull following 15h of
the nepd. an bromide
ions? some:
vapour F, 4
would of group
following bonds sets elements
aqueous bromide represents state is
coordination
compound
metals
Alkali d. species has brown lessstatement
Nitrogen
family b. N-N d. b. Na b.
d. Br Iodine
Sulphur
dioxide
d. b. He
d. b.O displaces shows
b. has
liberate b.
I
d.C Ca(Cl0), Ca(ClO)
d. b. CI
d. Br
b.disulphide
Carbon d. b. wil d.F elements
electron
Br
b.
Owill Na,
V, the isthan
- strongest solution is is Animal not
bromine
vapour.
groups F be Cr, Mg, greatest more
extracted bromine? treated has calcium ecreasSe only CL,
number is
most MnAl Br, true?
four charcoal' Mn([I)
+than
stable
tendency of with from electron 3
wil polar? its chlorite? and in
commercialy lone appreciably its
form compounu each an intensity
The +
powder 5
to pairs aqueous affiniy OxIdatiag
(1993) (193) of
(1993) (1993) (1994) (199%6) (19) (1998) (1999) (2002
(19 2) anions (19 29 fom te of n
 Shucturein NOble Oxvgen of
lumn-I1the a
b.B-iA-iiC|Xe0, (A)XeF,
Xer4
(B)| Column-II.
Compounds Match gases
Noble d.tNO0le 0. Identify
LTeactivity. Calcium give:HCI to .
Bleaching
oxide c. a. Na a.PChlorination
c. eXcept:
elements Reduction Iodine c.
c. a.The M manufactureCaOCl,c
inCa(CiO,), Water a.
B-ii1 A-i a. B-iC.Aii D)XeOF, enthalpy Noble Noble Chlorine dioxide
Carbon la.
iquor Hydrogen
A-ii the Whfluoride
Xenon
structure
the molecular
the gases bleaching
actionto: en c.Strongest is
Column-I gases gases gases will containing
temperat4urechlorine
,passed is
B-iy powder hydrogen
assignandcode: are
Elements
Group18 the
sparinglyare have have have directly
C-iii
D-iv C-iv
D-ii named Gases)
(Noble
ompounds C-i C-iii reacts bromides main
large weak very an of
Pyramidal
pyramidal
(iv)Square
(ii) (i) of reaction
productis: bonding
D-iv () because react bromine
D-i Xe dispersion high incorrect with chlorine
correct in Linear in positive,
soluble Hypochlorous
Oxygen d.acid b. d.S Clb. Oxidation d. Sulphur Chlorine
d. b.Ca(0C1),
is CaCl, overAmmonia
sulphide
d. b.Hydrogen d. b.
Square
planar melting a Hydrogenation
with b.dioxide treated
Column-I of few from shown
Column-I is dry
Column-I values statementtheir each due
in forces drops
and with: sea slaked by:
water inertness
with with of water,
ofboiling of
(2020-Covid) the electron about concentration the lime
its the
points towards following
(2019) (2021) them. (1989) (1989) at
gain (1991) (1992)mother (1992) (1992)
room

101. 100. 99. 98. 97. 96.

Which XeF,
XeO,F, c.XeF, a. SbC1, c.TeF, a. NH,PH,,SiCl,,PCI XeF,,
XeO, a.
b.
d. c.isostructural? In
d.(iv) (1)C. (i)b.(iv)a. Code: XeF,
(DXeOF,
) (C) XeO,(B) XeF,(A) andMatch and
d.
Octahedral,
sp°d? c. b. a. The isostructural?XeF,IF,, a. Which i iv
id. iii
c.
i iib.
ii a.i Code:
Diamond, which (A) Trigonal Square
XeF,
Tel,, c. (D)Xe0,
A XeOF,(C) (B) XeF,(A)
is shape Planar correct
compound the
isostructural of ii B
of (ii) (i1) (ii) (i) (B) Column-I compound triangle,
XeF Column-I
given planar, the
silicon the bipyramidal, geometry iv The
following C
has following in p-Block
)(iv) (iv) (i1) (C) spd ii iy D
planar with: carbide Column-IIgiven sp°d
and
insp°d
pairs (iv) (iii) (i)
XeO,XeOF, ICl, b. pairs, Pyramidal
(ii) (iü) (ii) (iii) (D)pyramidal
Square
(iv)| (ii)Square
planar hybridization Elements
structure?
d. b. BaCl, d. octahedral
Distorted
(1) (i)| Column-I d.
and
BeCI,,
XeF, b. of
IBr, compounds octahedral
Distorted Column-II
Square
Pyramidal
both pyramidal
Square
mark
with
(Group
the Column-II XeF, , planar
the for
species the XeF,
correct is 15
hybridization to
(2015 (2017-Delhi)
isoelectronic
(2016 I)- (2016-I)are: 18)
(2000) (2013) are option.
Re) not 55
56 Chapter &Topicwise NEET PYQ's

Answer Key
12 13 14 15 16
3 6 8 910
a
a b
b b d a
30 31 32 337
29
20 21 2223 24 25 26 27 28
a b
344
a a b
35 47 48 49
36 37 38 39 43 44 45 46
40 41 42
b d
a d C a b C a
54 55 62 63 64 65 66 67
56 57 58 60 61 68
a a h d b
82 83
69 70
1172 73 74 75 77 78 79 80 81 84
85
d C
a
86 88 89 96 97 98 99 100 101
90 91 92 93 94 95
b d b b d b a

Explanations
1. (a) The reactions takes place as:
2S0,(g) + 0,(g) 0s2SO,(g)
NH,CONH,+ H,0 NH),CO,
(A) So, + H,SO, ’ H,S,0,
(oleum)
H,S,0, + H,0’ 2H,SO,
NH,(g)+ CO, (g) + H,O() D: Deacon's process is used for the preparation of chlorine..
(B) The reaction involved is

NH, (g) Cut(aq) [Cu(NH,), 4HCI+0, CuCl,

2’2C1, +2H,0
(B) (C)
[Blue coloured 4. (a) The oxidation states of various N-comounds are:
solution] Let oxidation states of 'N' be 'x'
2. (c)N,O has linear, unsymmetrical structure. The structures HNO, : +1 +x+3(-2) =0’x=+5
are:
NO :x - 2=0=x= +2
N,: 2x =0’x = 0
N,0 >:NEN-Ö:>E=N=0:Linear NH,CI:x +4 + 1(-1) = 0’x =-3
NO, Hence, the correct decreasing order is HNO,, NO, N, NH.
:Bent
5. (b) The structure of Phosphinic acid (Hypophosphoros
acid) is
HOCI ’
: Bent

O, Bent OHTH. It is a monoprotic acid as

H
contains only one

ionisable H-atom.
3. (d)
A: Very pure introgen can be obtained from sodium azide or P
Barium azide. The reactions are: While phosphonic acid is H,PO,. Its structure is H OH
Ba(N,), ’ Ba + 3N, is a diprotic acid as it contains two
2NaN, ’ 2Na + 3N, ionsiable H-atoms.
Ionisable H-atom is one which is attached to more
B: Ammonia is prepared by Haber's process on large scale: electronegative atom.
The reaction involved is:
N,(g) + 3H,(g) 2NH,(g) 6. (b) Cu + HNO, (conc.) ’
C: Sulphuric acid is obtained from contact process. The
Cu(NO,), + 2NO, +
(Brown gas)
reactions involved are: Hence, Cu(NO,), and NO, is being
produced.
 (d) l (aI)1. (C10).
.es +4 t4 HP{0,
+4 O-atoms. canbe
1 H-atom.
electronegative
atom. It K,CH0,2K,CrO,
+2x 2x
+2x +2x The is -ZnCI,
Za(Cl0,), 2KCIO, (NH,), Its (d) 9. (b) & (b) ,
thus makes Incausesbut of
monoprotic laboratory a
2x
+7(-2) + Heating NO, 1S can H,PO, reducing A
rms +4=
X 8 6 2x6oxidation'state
=0 +5 clearly
seen lonisable
2x
10 -
= 10 (-2) (2) Cr,O,-N,
A2KC1+30, undergoH,PO,
o = usednot reduction
others.
X=
+5 =0 =0 0 XF+3 of presence
the = =0 ammonium a
preparation
nitrogen.for reducing agent
0 H-atom acid oxidation.
itself
most from H as
can H
of is
as + +Cr,0, a H
basic the
+Cr,0, + 30, food agent
2P one
be is it -
one OH
dichromate OH
calculatedstructure contains preservative
+ H that
leases.
ctioxicerde, H,0 as
bonds
which 3 it itself
as can
that only yields and
as: is easity undergoes
metals it attached but one
has one nitrogen: lose
forms SO,
6 0
bridging ionisable
to can H-atoms, oxidation -
more H
basic be. bond

30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21.(a) 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14.
(b) O-atom in(d) H-atom, onlyrelatively
inactive.
(c) high the (d) between
(b) is (a) (a) cannot
due form form electrons. acidic.
least it decrease group. e
(a) downthLewis of(a) inmoment (C) most (b) acidic. (a)
H-atoms. groups,
(b) (d) NH,
water
(a) stategroup. (c) reactive.
PCl, H,PO, energy N,Cane formed Nitrogen CaCi, Except NO, The electrons c.
OrthophosphoricP,0,+ +Aqueous onedissociation C,H,0, , to
P,0pentahalides of All ItThe Due White Acidic
arsince and molecule non-availability Thus,
+3 bases. the is
+ Hence,
e H,0NH, therefore,P-OH sugar bytwo is acidic
in monobasic
3H,0- is required absorbs nitrogen and
formula for to
ionisable, 3H,0 the
solution named sharingmolecule N pentahalides paramagnetic the hydrides NH,phosphorous nature The
hydrogen due The on greater
reaction group. contains From
+atoms, alsooxidation
character their
it basic of is p-Block
is it asenergy 18[0] moisture especially and present to hypophosphorous greater. decrease
H,PO, H tribasic. of is to six As ofacid.
central electronegativity
therefore,atom acid, +OH ammonia hypophosphorous
monobasic.Since break HNO,electrons. N is of character group
2H,PO, takes (946 triple =N.
diatomic therefore,bismuth,
d-orbitals. in has Elements
+ OH P ’ due belowAs,O, state of
down
3HCI attachedHPO, much
pentafluorides. the atom. lo w
place it to V
contains kJthisbond6(COOH),Therefore, and elements
it is mol) bond Oxalic the in oxides Therefore,
being of ignition the
obtained
as: acid containing anhydrous
readily it all th e also these (Group
to
containscontains
between
than cannotelements
presence acid group
more group
decreasesdecreases of
only acid due is nitrogen in hydrides have
is temperature
by quite + lowest H,PO, nitrogen, so 15
three
electronegative one and to expandSince,
of after they
three passing N SH,0 a one NO, to
is
which high.
itatoms triple fifth of 18)
ionisable ionisable it molecule unpaired oxidation as
contains nitrogen
its P, down withdecreases can lone
P-OH bond octet group makes act shoWn dipole so IS
NH, Very and 57
the the pair it most
as is
 41. 40. 39. 38. 37. 36. 33.
(b)Therefore, That Also,decreases mass. 35. ag34. 32. 31. 58
H,0> acidic bondtendency
bond (a) the
presence Molicular
mass (c) Thus,
H,S0;OH
HO H,0 the TheHydrogen
bonding
(2) (1) fators: loose (c) Biboiling
H, (b) metaphosphoric
2H,PO, soluble due
(d) CS,. in(apentahalides
) forms configuration d-orbitals
(a) (b) (d) (a)
The The
is, boiling order: The When Due Chapter
dissociation
as dissociation
character isboiling a On Red to All Nitrogen NH,CI PH,I
structures H,S Strongeracidity having N,0, > the only
due acidic boiling water SbH,point. to heating,
> the of of phosphorus the
poing 2-molecules -H,0 525k absence are +
hydrogen is
H,0> point the +NaOH
e
H,Scorrect to molecule exceptionally molecule pyrophosphoric trihalides. NaNO, &
increases,
increases character nitric NO,HON0, HO >The elementsof not belongs is Topicwise
of is increase point the
> the enthalpy
enthalpy. increases H,Te of
NH, absence acidH,P,0, acid it
available. 1s
the H,Te acid boiling gives of ’
order acid, hydrides > is type 2s²
various to bonding. > of to of AsH, at d-orbitals Nal
the from in of lose is H,Se> anhydride.
hydrides form of pyrophosphoric 875 insoluble Nitrogen MX, of 2p. to Heat
of
lower the AN,O,H,0 + nitric H-bonding, point p-block +NEET
pK, pk, hydrides explained On with high > -H,0
2HPO,
875k> K. group Hence, PH,
oxoacid H,0 size H* of and
value moving In
boiling group-16
an PH, of in
does AN,+ 2H,0NH,NO, +PYQ's
value is ion anthe H,S. is anhydride. acid Metaphosphoric
the in its MX,
the To of 15 elements. it H,0
increase affected CS,valence not
can
of value H,Te.
willdecreases.
the of which undergoes V acid except +
on restpoint
group PH,
sulphur atom.group down acid and forms form be NaCl
be the of elements
of is because
inthe by has only shell.nitrogen
trihalides clearly It's
pK,. Hence, 16related
the basismolecular hydrides at pentahalides
are: elements hydrides, two heating, the 525 white
group, follows electronic
seen
of of major lowest K which
the the is:
to a and P and that
it is
45.(c) 44.
oving
43. 42.
isoelectronic
ctronegative
(d)than nature. in The
(c) Since, (b) pair.
lone of(a) Hence, S,oB: s,0 (c) H,Po .group
:. because(c) The and (d) H,SO,;
The OF, no. The The The Order (C,H,,O,) 2C,,H,,0,, Hence, H,s,o,;HOH,S,0,
< due Thermal reaction it
Concentrated
nhydridea is both of no. structure only, structure H,Te readily
water onelectrons of of to H HOSOHwe
stability -
fluoride haveelectrons S,0 ofconcentrated
<increasestability E an is t can
ular of for H,Se bond conc.
dehydrate
Oxygen.
of same 0, and example sulphuric clearly
in the would
an of in molecule < energy in order H,SO,(conc)
OXygen 0,N S,0 various H;S the see
from acid number ONF carbohydrates
=8+ besize for of
sulphuric acid that
is
contains <decreases
= is H,0 : dehydration. H,E is OH
it. the because 8+7 species of
of 8 bent H,
+7+ e
thdecrease ’ strong Sa,O,
pound e's, S-S acid
+9 due are: atom on 11H,012C +into
fluorine with has
1 = to bond.
therefore, = 24
going down
'E.
dehydrating:
carbon -0-0-
24 the carbohydrates
left has presenve down the
after more group agentinkage
are the
 S1. 50. 49. 48. 47. 46.
s,0 (a) (a) structures. (b) SteelSodium The
dissociation
That Also, decreases
Oxidation<Sof 0character NaO moleculescan ,
Ammonia (d) (b) H,Therefore,
0> H,Se<HTe
dissociation (c) H,S < Hence, sin ce
centr al SiZe, of(d)
Hence, acid
pH, StructureI
Acidic The Sulphuric Fe, acidic The Perchlor2HCIic Cl0,0,
x=+4 S> ’ is, as the The
compound
-2»x=+3
2x =2x + Na,S < angular
Hydroxide’
Bessemer's (SO.),Fe,O, H,S Strongeracidity correct
acidic
the the atom
state pH, > -’ the character due
acidic bondstrength strength Cl,
(-12) Se?Te2-. character > I 0,
> <Na,Se Haber's Acid
correct
enthalpPY
enthalpy.
to decreases, releaseanhydride an
is
of pH, shape H,S e increases, character weakened. gets
M-H
of representedbe is increase of
= sulphur s,0. < > 116.8° ’ H,Te > theincreases of acid
+5 pH, conjugate 0: process process
ofLeblancContact's the H
More increases < order acid, of as in +H,0
Na,Te ozone in On isstrength is
in Structure II + the hydrides orderis bond
aeasily.
the 3S0, of
lower the explained
moving result, strictly
each in () process pk, from
pK of
basicbases the molecule process size
by value between perchloric
case value is H,0 proportional
H With
order followingtwheo the down
of of
are character, wil the on can
increase
: (0,) value
decreases. Togroup
be wil the the hydrogen be
be H,Te. atom. acid,
is: of basis released in
more in 0: 16
group, to
the pk. the the HCIO,
elements of and
e
thorder: easily atomic ability
lewis bond bond
pH the

63. 62. 61. 60. S9. 58. 57. 56. 55. 54. S3.
small show (d) Since, is shown (bHence,
) enthalpy, in Also, more,Since strength. H(d) hence having of is OnICI is(b) distills 90
process, (©) O,. (b)
Duringthis absorbs acid.
obtained (c)harmful
(a) (a) (a) inter (a)
betweenshouldH-Br>H-1
, below. H-X increases
not For the ion. Acid bond made having
the has ICl K) Oxygen Alkaline O-0
l +H,0 +1 reactive
Pyrosulphuric
Alkaline Ozone2Na,S,0,
electronic
size. -ve Aloxidation a as so in remains
halogens
hydrolysis becorrect
a Bond same weaker other a is as
F, less we it the strength
More dissociation up by ultraviolet bond
oxidation no from is
partical low anvapours
layer
’ and reaction more of The
acidicorder. difficult case easily, in
hand,interhalogen gaspyrogallol dissolving solution +
order bond 'I value in repulsions
F HO-S-0-S-OH
2HF +1-1 10 H,0,change dissociation
number down nature. only. ionic the is is I, hasp-Block
show
reaction. +©, 2 to of depends Iodine whileprepared acid radiations very ’ lower
state to Hence,
strength. it and
energy of liquid dinitrogen wilessth of
tetrathionate)
(Sodium
fluorine instrength I, to H- character Na,S,O,
tve oxidationcome the
so lose E, loses Covalent
electronegativity SO,pyrogallol
or
of enthalpy on low dioxygen absorbs beneficial Elements
due O dissociation group the iscompound state betweenenergy
and-ve changes is we H H*the a by andoleum to
to oxidises under HF bond bond than pure
number. can ion, ability
ion, molecules in and fractional reach Nal. 2+ than
high 17, with O, is
<<order: H enthalpy
hence is dissociation
ionic.covalent its
made can called (t6)absorbs to two (Group
oxidation hydrolysis say dissociation
the more structure. and the
negativity from water HCl ofa higher small S-S
enthalpy size That beboiling
(78K)
point
more
is earth. us,
But least
than of distillation oil fuming bond
-2 < -F> substance
will have separated. H,S,0,oxygen because 15
into in HBr of compound I Oxygen
state to acidicitbe
s is Cl. and boiling of to
thetype, dissociation theacidic. energy why due 18)
0, oxygen <« high Thus, CI. cinnamon
reaction Hdecreases halogen quickly.
sulphuricwhich
while hence, - to of it
there HI. ICI value Iodine point stops
atoms. more to
59
and Cl lose and as the
as is air.
F it > it is
 68. 67. 66. 65. 64. 60
gnitude of
gradually
abnormally
electronegativity (cHCI0,
) Hence HCIO :HCIO, : HCIO, : HCIO, increases. : The nature Hencepresent the in
chlorine
(c) C, dissociation down (c) present. XX*, present. XX*, XX-x XX*, (c)
Hence, (b)
halogen HF As X
oxidation > Bond X X-X' XX AccordingChapter
forms >the ’ x=+7 ’ the Br, bond the X Pentagonalhas has has
increase =+5 ’X and group T has the
of
atoms
HCIO,correct
X=+3 oxidation > dissociation square
high. +1+x-2=0 +1 +1
+1+x+
4(-2)
=0 energy
E, energy shape number
Linear : &
vander strong state bromine
small
atom of
+x+ +x >, Topicwise
to
Boiling of > as pyramidal
from from HCIO, order + of th e as VSEPR
waals intermolecular F. 2(-2) 3(-2) number
centralofdecreases of 3 shape of
Cl fluorine
because size
bipyramidal bps lone
Hence, of energy
ClHCIpoints > can
forces. to HCIO.acidity = = of and aspair theory, NEET
0 0 be fluorine as5 only
to in is, t he
calculated of of 2lps of PYQ's
which I ofthe
HI the however, two the
among inter-electronic atom
halogen 7bps as bps electrons
boiling
H-bonding
dueother order: of
increases,
atom andl p atoms structure
further to increases. electrons
hydrogen oXo as: lower family and
increase point are on
increase acids 1lpof of centralClis of
due are present. CIF,
of repulsions than The
decreases electron is
of present.
halides
in HFto acidic that bond e'arse is
the size high Cl
is is of 2.

78. 77. 76. 75. 74. 73. 72. 71. 70. 69.
size
e-ee electron to(d) will absorb Br, <F<CI. (a) I< Hence than
Br comparedC1. as
Br<Cl<F. But
should
be:I< the broken
(a) ( b)
in density charge
andelectronegative atom amount As Br,>,
(a) ClF,,> (d) density increases,
charge
andelectronegativeatom amount (d) (d)
Oxidation In In (c ) is "0' (c)
in a F, As CI, negativehydrogen ion and
bottom In noBromine so result Generally, Bond e
thHCIO, Bond proton the Order ClO, NaCl CI,
F of in group due proton increases, HoC0 > strong wil atoms,HCIO,
pulsions
eases general,
decrement after on the down on on > + more
fluorine affinity group to from numberof from of
number
bromine correct energy Cl dissociation Br, ofoxidation state oxidation NaOHcharge
in of to because e is atom electron > is Cl electron <HCI0, ato m
because
bethis so, is
a adding is chlorine easily, -e easily O HCI0,> easily atom
O +3
bond lost.
soluble which, 17, Electron > more the
group. - due O - due O I, of is bond
as atom, in as the order of increases atom. of atom. of (hot
inwater. ofrepulsion chlorine
increases dissociation Clstate state more is But strongest
ared compared F electron(CaCO,) the therefluorine hence released bond, H todensity oxygen released bond, H todensity oxygen &
than as But in due increasing HCIO, enthalpy <HCIO,<HCIO, +5
changes perchlorate
more inwil eS
intensity is affinity which Hence which Hence of
a Piece CCI, are to has hence hence concentrated)ofCl dispersed between bewil
CL.
result in which which Cl
marble moree-e very has between is and atom > and atom from ==-1
to
Hence, to
group
affinity and lo w greater the shiftsas for the shifts
as enthalpy
stabilised weakened. beacid,
of lower.electron e +7 +5 ion pulled
away
Cl. chlorine small size of acidity thHCIOesd amount the acidity the amount in the
from as
of ofmarble CS. elements bond O-H turn
in increases, halogen Increases,
from zero in H, SO, it
which
the 17, brownpiece two than oxidation from O-H turnoxidation
’ formed greater
has
Animal size of perchlorate th an
decreases repulsions dissociation attracts increases. attracts for to-l NaCl
ndency fluorine due has atom, F-atoms,increases. bond of Cl bond of Cl
and And
colour to of fluorine. is: halogen sulphate
there decreases actual atom an actual atom an and
to the no fluorine number number + HCIO, more
charcoal so is the is the NaClo removal ion O-Hbondnumber
effinity bond weakened increasing weakened increasing zero
toare
very has from flask,action
in the because electron
positive to electron
positive to gases 1on
easily
accep" atom,
F order downenergy. ofmore to HCIO,
Se Io and gets ofmora H of
mo oP there witn also as CI C! ie. as of
 Sincethe valency of
2
b)
calcium calcium is 2 and a
The p-Block Elements (Group 15 to 18) 61

CIo,; therefore
chlorite is Ca(CIO,), chlorite ion is 92. (a) CaOCl, +2HCI’ CaCl, +H,0 +Cl,
C
CIO,
The liberated C1, gives the disinfectant nature to bleaching
powder.
Cl, +H,0’ HCI+ HOCI (Kill germs)
Ca(CIO,), 93. (a) Noble gases have a fully flled electron configuration
Since chlorine is more because of that they have weak London forces in between
thereforeit will displace
containing bromide ions.
electronegative
bromine than
from an aqueous bromine,
them. Therefore, Noble gases have low melting and boiling
points.
solution 94. (a) According to VSEPR theory, Hybridisation state= no. of
CL +2Br-’2CI+ Br. l.p. on central atom + no. of b.p made by central atom.
SI.(c) Outer electronic configuration of C1
In XeF, Xe has made two bonds with F-atom, therefore, has
-3s*3pip,p. 3 -p's.
Hybridisation state =3 +2 =5
Outer electronic configuration of CI
4lone pair of electrons. =3s?3ppp.:ä: ie. Hence, corresponds
F
to linear shape with sp°d hybridisation.
()Astronger OxIdising agent (CI,) displaces a weaker ox
XeF, : Linear
jdising agent (Br,) from its salt solution.
2KBr + Cl,’2KCl+ Br, In XeF , Xe has made 4 bonds with F-atom, therefore has
a () Causticsoda is manufactured by the 2 -p's.
solution where C1, is evolved at the anodeelectrolysis
of NaCl
and H, at the cath Hybridisation state =2 +4 =6
ode.
Hence, corresponds to square planar shape with sp'd
At anode :Ct’ Cl +e,Cl +Cl’CL, ‘ hybridisation.
At cathode: Na + e ’ Na
A. (c) N, O and F are highly electronegative non metals and will
have the strongest tendency to form anions by gaining elec
trons from metal atoms.
XeF,
"x Sqaure planar
In XeO,, Xe has made 3 bonds pairs with F-atom, therefore
has one l.p.
85. (c) Polarity of the bond depends upon the electronegativity Hybridisation state = 1+3=4
difference of the two atoms forming the bond. Greater the Hence, corresponds to pyramidal shape with sp° hybridisation.
electronegativity difference, more is the polarity of the bond.
N-CI O-F N-F N-N
XeO, Xe. Pyramidal
3.0-3.0 3.5-4.0 3.04.0 3.0-3.0
0. (e) As halogens have seven electrons (ns np)in the valence In XeOF,Xe has made 5 bonds pairs with F-atom, therefore,
Shell, they have a strong tendency to acquire the nearest inert has one lp. Hybridisation state =1+5=6
gas configuration by gaining an electron from the metallic Hence, corresponds to pyramidal shape with sp°d?
atom and form halide jons easily.
hybridisation.
S. (e) Fluorine because of its smaller size and highest electro
Degativity shows strongest hydrogen bonding. XeOF, : Square pyramidal

H
() Ca(OH),2+Cl, ’ CaOCI, +H,0 95. (b)
9. (b) Bromide in the mother liquor (containing MgBr,)is OX-
idised to Br, by passing Cl, which is a stronger oxidizing A. XeF,: Xe ’ Square Planar
agent.
2Br +C1, ’ Br, +20CI
(d) to liberation of na-
action of chlorine is due moisture. It is per-
Scent BleOxygen
aching by oxidation in
presence of
manent. B. XeF,: » Distorted octahedral
0+C1, ’2HCI + [OJ
matter
Colouring matter + [O]’colourless
(b) Chlorine does not react directly with oxygen.
 98. (97.b) 96. 62
(b)
geometry shape,Since Total No. No. Hence,
According In =2+3 =5 Now, haveSince,
atom VSEPRelectrons
Hybridisation =7+7= 14No. No. It Inhave and (d) found asone
XeOF,: C.structure In
pair. XeF, IBr, can IBr, XeO, D.
:
XeF,, Isostructural XeF.,Chapter
of of of of hybridisation.same lone
Therefore is + the one
F a Br therefore
Br
XeF,electronselectrons
electrons it No.
the has theory. electrons
it electrons bethe , pair, Xe
XeF,- &AB,L, extra
presentacquires
shape understood number
shape and to of total has &
VSEPR totallinear
.
1.pstate as
Topicwise
as
type both IBr, =8+ in in According of electron in a
made
Distorted is XeF, > on in in the
number species Xe=0’
of Pyramidal experimentallyresult
the number
the shape of it one Isoelectronic
square per both 14 I-atom IBr, in
electrons.
molecule are theory, valence valence are the
valence six
I present the
VSEPR isoelectronic have = ofwith = negative
7+ of are
of NEET
Ke 22 No. tocan valence
following way: pyramidal
Square ’ which,bonds
octahedral planar electrons VSEPR electrons
same XeF, shellshell sp°d 14+ shell those
with of be in with PYQ's
witheory,
th no. has hybridisation. sigmaexplainedl=22. charge, it. shell of specieswhich in has it
4 of of Theory, the
geometry and linear 2F-atom Xe-atom present Thus, I-atom present a F
hybridisation bond of distorted
it electons bonds of gas atom, -
isostructural. therefore,
total which
thoseare have phase.
has shape. are on are
pair two =7
=7 = made same therefore
Octahedral and
22. the number 22. octainedral
& + 8
sp°d². 2 7=
basis it Br
same by atom shape
lone will has
14 I of of
101. 100.
99.
isostructural. e
two (a) theyarSince Therefore,
due lp's 3 In due
Therefore, 1.p'hass 3 Inthose (b) hydridisation.and (a) F
XeF, Hybridisation IBr, Hybridisation XeO, XeF,
In to to XeF,,
molecule loneXeF, both the the which XeF, ’ ’ Isostructural Ke
, F
pair presence has I presence Xe is
Tetrahedral Square
the have according according isostructural XeOF,
statehas have XeF, Pyramidal
XeO,-
isand Xe' state made planar
square same made same -
four
atom of =3 two of =3 species - Square
three +2=5 to three to +2 structure F
Square
planar. bond shape VSEPR bonds VSEPR two shape with
is C1 XeO are
sp'd CIlp's lp's =5 planar
pair. and with
bonds and
ICI,. those pyramidal
hybridised, and and non-identical
theory, theory, hybridisation.
Therefore,hybridisation, has Br- has with
Isostructural which
sp°d it atom sp°d it F-atom,
which hybridisation. has same
have
and hybridisation. has geometry.
the linear linear
shap cont therero hence species and
shape shape hence shape
has are
 The d-and f-Block Elements

4. Match the metal ions given in Column-I with the spin

Transition Elements (d-Block) magneticmoments of the ions given in Column-II and assign
the correct code: (2018)
Zr (Z = 40) and Hf (Z =72) have similar atomic and
ionic Column-I Column-II
radii because of:
Yanot bsas (202I) A. Co 1, V8B.M
a Diagonal relationship
B. Crs+ ii. /35 BM
b. Lanthanoid contraction
c. Having similar chemical properties C. Fe?t V3BM
d. Belonging to same group (D. Nj2+ 1V. V24 B.M
2. The calculated spin only magnetic moment of Cr+ ion is V15 B.M
(2020) a. A-iv B-y C-ii D-i
a. 4.90BM b. 5.92 BMsute2 b. A-i B-ii C-ili D-iv
c. 2.84 BM s d. 3.87 BM C. A-iii B-y C-i D-ii

3. Match the following aspects with the respective metal.

d A-ivo B-i C-ii D-iii
5. HgCl, and I, both when dissolved in water containingI ions
(2020-Covid) the pair of species formed is: (2017-Delhi)
Aspects Metal a. Hg,I,, I b. Hgl,,I}
A The metal which reveals a i. Scandium c. Hgl,, I d. Hgl, 5
maximum number of oxidation 6. Which of the following processes does not involve oxidation
states of iron? (2015)
a. Decolourisation of blue CuSO, solution by iron
B The metal although placed in ii.Copper b. Formation of Fe(CO), from Fe
3d block is considered nota
as o c. Liberation of H, from steam by iron at high temperature
transition element
d. Rusting of iron sheets
C. The metalwhich does not iii.Manganese 7. Magnetic moment 2.84 B.M. is given by: (Atomicnumbers,
exhibit variable oxidation states Ni = 28, Ti =22, Cr = 24, Co = 27) (2015)
a. Ti'+ b. Cr2+
iv. Zinc
D The metal which in +1oxidation C. Co2+ d. Ni2+
state in aqueous
solution
undergoes disproportionation 8. Because of lanthanoid contraction, which of the following
pairs of elements have nearly same atomic radii? (Numbers
in the parenthesis are atomic numbers) (2015)
Select the correct option: a. Zr (40) and Nb (41) b. Zr (40) and Hf (72)
C-i D-ii c. Zr (40) and Ta (73) d. Ti (22) and Zr (40)
A-ii B-iv

b C-iv
D-ii 9. Magnetic moment 2.83 BM is given by which of thefollowing
A-iii B-i ions? (2014)
C-i D-ii (Atomic Number Ti = 22, Cr = 24, Mn = 25, Ni = 28)
A-ii B-iv
a. Ni?+ b. Cro+
C-ii D-iii
d. A-i B-iv c. Mn2+ d. TË*
 enthalpy
(2008) (2007)
aqueous :coloured (2006) of enthalpv?
elemente (2005) 26. (2005)
following one is: (2004) more(2004) (2003)
transition (2003)
follows (2002)
= one 25) 30
25) Cu
=
Fe the configuration 3p°
ionisationTi >V Ti
Cr> Which
transitionionization24) 25) the21, ions, = form 26)
V> stable =
ions 28, Mn MntMn* monoxides 3s?
Mn the =
= = can activity?
is:(25)
Mn > most 24, the =Ni numbers. (Z (Z of =Sc metal 24; Cr*,Crt, of Fe 2p
one
Manganese
Chromium which 2s²
second Mn = both 22, T* Sct,
b. Cut
Ni,
d. row third number: =
electronic
transition Cr yót, V2*, chlorine
is characteristics 24,
ls² b.Fifteenth
Mn the TË3+ which metal =
> > b. Crtd. Cr first 23; element catalytic Cr
decreasing
and
Cr is
ions
23, are =
Ti
highest
atomic
(Atomic
containing
Fe?+
b. d.
Mn2+
=
Ti, Ti,
transition
23,
configuration
group: d.Third
b. d. = pairs the b. d. V withK
b. Fe
d.
atomization
(24) following V 21, of 3d² 22;
b. d.
the their = which
22, following of theirthe
members series
have compoundfollowing Paramagnetic ionsstates
b.behaviour
V FeOTioCroFeO
Mn TÈ
=
Sc have colourless? =
Ti
Zn, with the 22, electronic
of Cr (23), =
Ti number: with 23) solution following Crót,
Mn?+ Mnst
and hydrated = > > > > in
order Cr> >
Cr the
solution?
aqueous
Number to = 25)
ions of of
associated
of
oxidation
character
Tì TiOFeOVO CrO it
the belowexpected
successive (Z 26) metal numbers Crtt, Fe
binary
the enthalpy numbers
> VO>> >
place
V V> >V>Mn
correct of Vanadium
(Z= = Ca, CrO FeOVO
(22), one of TË+
Ni?,
a. Co2t
Sc3t,
C. aqueous
be Mn V³",
of of has will
Ti> Whichsolution?Mn3t C. (Atomic which (Atomic
27)
=
Co listed will 22, Sc3+
the all Ti,
a.
V4*, K, one Variable
Colour basic
order:
the > > > atom Second
c.
y3+a. is Iron a. Among (AtomicTi*,Among one is High VO>CrO
(Atomic TiOTiO youFifth a.
TheTiof Fourare them Theions=
Ti*
c. where
thana.Zn c.Ca
metals
Which
The
a. C. In a. c. Ti c. a. c. d. a. b. c. d.
An 4s',
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
(2013)
interstitial the Mains) states (2012
Mains)
compounds transition
standard
Mains) in (2012
Pre) andwhichPre)
(2011 Pre)
(2010
aqueous configuration
(2010
Pre) Pre) oxidation
orbital (2009)
increasing
magnetic
moment constituent
metalrepresent enthalpy Fe 27) (2010
(2012 oxidation the
(2012 Mn,in
there = Co Cr in outer
the pure it?
ionization points their statesthe (Cr,
Co
Cr> > colour size? of
of them 26, Fe 71) electronic
following
number
about metalthe correctly
against
of and 27) 29)
a
as be
elements 57)
oxidation
series will = > > (Z= same
than numbermelting of sign?
positive
= = non-metal Bronze
d. Fe Fe Mn exhibit = Ni?*
Fe?,
b.
pure indicated metals one (Z (Z Steel
b. state 25, > (Z H
ZA,
d. largest 3d'4s?
b. 3d'4s?
d.
PYQ's statementsconductivitypoints not 2nd first
which Co Cu transition Mn
>
Co La'* Lu'* has d. the
b. Fe+
Ni3t the
the does increasing increasing
increasing variable oxidation= will has withthe
NEET
reactive oftransition the b. d. a Mn b. d. b. d. ions
than melting property Mnt: behaviour of ions following pairs
following Their
chemical
reactivity For
d-orbitalsmembers a contaning 24, exhibit
elements
following has successive
Topicwise incorrect?
iscompounds harder
chemically
metallic
adopt below. 2 = Fe Cr following following
higher
Cr: Crt<:Mn activity
:V<Cr<Mn to: value of+order?Cr > > may
much the the < < mainly magnetic
Their
b. to
unfilled listed alloy stability Co Co
Number
following =21) 22)
the the
the retain
of Mn V}t<<Cr successive
ability 26) 28) > > of of configurations
have of order < catalytic c. four
metal
Bell Mn Mn
the = one
the
Hf
Zn,
a. one
&
Chapterof are are one ascribed are E
(Z= = the
of solutions?
(Z (Z [Ar]3d? of Ti
ZA,
c. a. 4s!3d²4s?
3d' C.
Which Co+a. Mn3+
C.
V V Their
Their potential(Z the the (Atomic
TheyThey TheyTheyWhich < Identify Invar
a. > > Which Sc* Which Which states?
Which correct < <
Ti Ti Ti
<
Ti
metals Fe Ni FromCo),
the Cr Fe Ti
The Four
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. is a. c. d. a. c. it.
of a. c. a. c.
15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
64
 oxygen oxygen oxygen d-orbitals
of and (2018)
(1989) (1989) (1989) (1988) soluble
family of (2022)
oxidises
manganese formultiplewhencrystal Cr,0, water.due(2019)
(2020)
ingredient given transition
65 known tetrahedral,
sulphate
K,[Fe(CN)J are same adopt the and in
formed
Fe?(d) of of
Elements
essential ferrocyanide a Transition
Compounds
of KMnO,
t2die are inside p-orbitals p-orbitals
elements as CrO, d-d
bromide
Silver
b. the state to
compounds are
copper bromide oo ability
complexes. than are
f-Block water to 5s?
4s2
[Ar]310 medium, 4 3 thattrapped
in exhibits
acid
Oleic
d. n oxidation ofoverlap
involves
an when: with
in fourbelong[Kr]4410
silver
salt Elements +to to
+ chromium agentions of of b. d.MnO,
Cr,0,
sodium
in their those overlap
permanganate overlap
have dissolves
reacts dissolved silver
metallic silver +77 are reducing ions
manganese
d-and obtained of 3
[Ne]3s2
p 5 d . alkaline + their manganese manganese
not to: in d. statement.to formn
plates with configurations
does
b. photography
to undecomposed changeb. and due are N or involves involves following
The solution to compounds of p-bonding
not hydroxide
to silver silver faintly activity
a.The
transition
metals
C states stronger well?
as
paramagnetism
and reacts
is element grains from and H,
o CuSO, The incorrect of
metals.
latticessame. and of of of
films Sodium is sulphate metallic reduced states like p-bonding p-bonding p-bonding
The
d. d-orbitals
p-orbitals the
c.chloride
colouration
chloride
6s²
or iodate.
is catalytic atoms oxidation manganate d-orbitals
5a0 in AgBr no
Silver
a.nitrate
Photographic
Ammonium electronic
Anhydrous
Which used complex neutralreaction 4 Interstitial theais
oxidation is
of
[Xe]4f4 Remove
Convert Remove into
5
+ the Cr"(d) one
Copper
Ferric others? is Reduce
as
+
to to Identify their Small The not There
Thewith The with with Which CrO, a. MnO
c.
blue below. Hypo this 6 +6
theiodide are
The +
b. c. d. The a. b. c.
a. b. a. c.
C. d. In in to: od
nof: A a. b. C. d. a. C.
50.
43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. ó 49.
its+3 (1995) electronic
general
(1991)
(2002)
heinl ship
oxidation [OS]
(2001) (2000) oxidation (1998) order(1997).
(2000) colour (1997) that:(1997)
oxidation (1996) (1996) ielements
s (1996) isThis
fact 0°C.
nps
of
impart correct behaviour in bond
NH,d. -Hg-Hg-CI
vonsic21
bottom
maximum med. for the [Ar]3d ns2,
of
number will the states responsible for transition atliquid metallic(c)
1)ar0
and
the hio
represent
aq. paramagnetic responsible configurationget:
state state. When
calomel
(b)
d-°,ns2
n-i0
d.
sizein oxidation processes? radius
maximum protect
species
exhibit stability
radius
oxidation is:
oxidation
we
HgO
b.
ns'b. n-p' is Weak
(n which Both (n-1)
b.Sc+3y3 b. Cr+
Cut
b.Mn d. ionic same same number
Mo
b. d.Mn NH,OH, of ns² have
transition
is
b.
Fe
d. to block
block
itoxide
element
d,V not element ionic 19
b. d.26 configurationmetal b. d.
d. b.
shows bmethod s
Coating
lead
a.
d.
following
Mn?;
doesis? Sct;of Fet; biologicaliscontraction
no.
the same a
thesimilar
hasatomic with
The
elements
Mg Pb colourless2
solution? against about about ionization
energy
only pressure
s
following following <
following < Mn; < following X
Red
iotoAmost,
convenient with with
plating Fe?tCrt Mnt the
element 9.reacts the
stated Cet< havehavehayehaye Its
is:
with
it it the < <
Cr < in
lanthanide state,
Clectronic -1)d-10
is High vapour nsl
nd-10
Connecting
iron tin Connecting of aqueous the <Cot Ti<CP the0, HgNH,CI Configuration:
ofWhic0
h,
the is the Hf Zn Nb transition exhibited
by: mercury d-10
ion property< Y
of towater
one Fe
C.HS
states? White and and and and 0Xidation Hg,0 (n dueto
its:
Mnc. of WhíchCr*4 c. Whichstate?Cra. Fec.
a Ti3 of
a. Zn2+
which Titt
C. of Cot < < High
nn5 (n-1)
Cra. The made an Which
AK Ni Sc y2+ Which Cua. Zr Zr Zr Zr 22
a. C.25 a.ns! ns² ns²
b. A to of a. h c. d. of The
a. b. C. . MA a. c. C. The a, C.
1. C. # 36, 37. .
 on
enthalN
(2022 (2021)a.inte electricity (2020-Covd
elen followine f4 tyye from contraction. (2020-Covid)
pm lanthanoidColuma-l. agent
Actinoids)
and
(Lanthanoids
Elements
Transition
Inner electronegativity
iss
colorless especially 160 D-iv D-ii D-ii D-ii decreases
ionisation
a62. to the radii of Transition
metal in energies
is: and elementthe and ionic radiiconsequence
of Column-II tol thanoxidizing
following state. in Lanthanoid
are heat type lanthanoid that. Non-metal Metalloid ofstates related
from radius
third size small
b.
ions of
metals, oxidation and
identical C-iii C-Ë C-iy C-i energies comparablereactive
hight conductorsfor f
the
with
actinoids statementsas state.
of
the Lanthanoidreactivegreaterstatement atomic
mnoreused
ionic
than called
have Column-I in
.value d. among contraction
Lanthanoid
than +3
aas
i. i. iii. iv. close
oxidation
enthalpy onlyother in is Hafnium respectively B-ii B-iyB-i B-ijj' of
ng
having
widely the
much
is range following as
loW characterstatement trivalent goodhighly contraction decreases
lutetium beingnature
incorrect ionsare
reveal
all
paramagnetic. in
option: contraction are are +2decreases
c.Actinoid
levels
greater volumetric
analysis
has
exchange are divided
are finely lanthanoid and
elementColumn-I levels
radioactive
lanthanons
solutionsshows
the Lanthanoids
correct
basic incorrect Lanthanoids lanthanum
to
overall pm,contraction. Copper Fluorine A-i A-ii A-ii A-iv 7s the
Gadolinium state Actinoids Actinoidthe
Zirconium Silicon
Cerium for isattributed
to: basicity
ofbecause of solid 159 the 5d and of is
oneincorrect?
Europium
Pr
to
Lu.
highhigh Most Identify The The and Match
the reason and 6d theCe(+4)
The The
The Select 4f 5f, Which All
a. c. b. c. d. a. b. d. B. C. D. a. b. C. d. The
a. b. (1988)
c. a. b.
A d. d.
63. 64. 65. 66. 67.
KMnO,
(2017-Delhi)SO,(2016-1) of of (2015
Re) Pre) pH a
(2012
solution, is (2011
Pre)
analysisNa,SO, (2007)
react KI (2005) (1999)
chlorine? (1997) (1996)
when amount
which the of KMnO, equation
to mole
acidified increasing volumetric needed
correct is: of
of least K,Cr,0, orange
solution? moles
when solution one preparationand gives: the 8H,0
b.
Only
KMnO, to
decolourise the of: be by MnO, to equivalent
is oxidation? on
d.FeC,0,yellow in is green b.
formation
d.
Cr,(S0,),
Cr,(S0,),will reduced NaOH Cr(OH),
b.Cr(OH),
+
d. according
+10C0,
statements samerequireb. FeSO, acidified
K,Cr,0,
medium acidic is:
PYQ's b. d.NO, KCr,,
CO, true? that Either K,Cr,0,
turns 2/5 d.3/5 the
ionisation, in aqueous b. d.+7
+3
acid2Mn'isKMnO,
KMnO,in KMnO,b.
5 2d.
NEET readily formeddecolourised
willcomplete not becomes
through overacidic the ion b. used d.
following
acidified observed solution KMnO, C,H,0,
C,H,0, in
blue compounds is oxalic C,H,0,
C,H,0,
Topicwise statements preferred to
in of
sulphite
of is with ’ Cr
can is turns due is: following +16H*
M of
for moles moles
that Cr,(SO,),is complete
reduced KMn,
solution
H,S is
solution
KCr,0,
is medium and heating with 0.1 M M M M state
thethrough of
solution
solution colour
passing is This 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.1
& gas of following of mole of a.Only
MnO, MnO, +5C,0
reacts of oxidation
one
a.Fe(NO,),the beyond
7
K,Cr,0, Na,Cr,0,
K,Cr,0, it. number number the on mL of of of of
Chapter
the Assuming c. Cr,0;
a. c.
FeSO, to a.CrSO,
is Green Acidified alkaline
P,0, passed
a.
solution:
c. Which SO, TheThe
SO,
acidified of milky CrO;
c. one of BothK,Cr,O, CrO KMnO, 20 mL mL mL mL
2MnO;
Name Which On added a.4/5 2/5
a. Which 50 20 20 50 t6C.
Thewith
56. Here The a.+5
is a. b. c. d. the a. b. c. d. IC. The
in
1c.
c. a. b. c. d.
66
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.
 lanthanides,
states (2005)
than than (2004) sublevel.
67
lanthanides Lu+(2003)
sublevelsublevelsublevel (2002) (2001) decreases of
Lanthanide (1998)
number (1997) lanthanide(1994) elementsion with
orbitalslanthanides
orbitals <LatY3+ because
oxidation
Elements and 71) by increases
5f < maximum
corresponding 4f Eut = Eu*Lu3t is: another
lanthanide
6d 6d the filling 4f 4f
filling Lu correct?jonsrather
series
oftransition
5fand and than
filling filling Lat, 63, < <
lanthanides same 6d 6s? concerning
f-Blockof the Ln*s compounds?gadolinium steadily
number than5f actinides are
are are Y3+, = LutEu3t shows 5 Sd metals. one
are Eu not of are of
between between period
that
that period that < La+< Lu(OH), 4 4f
d-and the actinides period thatperiod of 57, y+ of is radius Hf elements [Xe][Xe]statement state from lanthanides
dense
103) 103)radii s'po
ns²
configuration statement b. d.Am
La
larger
than the seventh 71) 71) = b. its of oxidation number
The orbitals orbitals seventh La d. ns? ns? ns² and b. d.
difference difference of to sixthto to sixthto ionic Luty3+ thanionic in configuration highly separated
actinides of nature 90 58 39, f-4 following
Zn Lanthanide is:
for 58
the 90 d d!º basic element states
contraction following trivalent
atomic
5d size 5d the = the = = < < 1) 1) 1) 1) followingseries, 64)
reason and 4fandreactive numbernumbernumber
the = =
in numberof Y EutLat - - (n- of
oxidation are method.
exchange
characteristic
the energyatomic energy 77. are: in
Lanthanoids in in elements order numbers electronic
< f-4
(n (n (n less an radius
Lanthanide
= 6s²
Number 6s? lanthanides
false?
is
elements are
by 4f elementselementselements Lat<
Eu³t fo14f04 is actually the electronic
5d of the
do- the 5 the Lanthanides
radii
mainexhibited Lesser Larger between
between Greater (atomic (atomic(atomic(atomic correct La(OH), of
4f
in
More < -2)
(n
a. 2) -2) -2) Atomic one different increase
Xel 4[Xe]ofWhich
(2013)(Atomic
< of (Atomic
14 14 14 14 Y3t LutGeneral -(n is Moreis
+3. Jonic
The (n (n Which In La Which a.Eu Gd c. All
is: a. b. C. d. a. b. C. POOens.d. Theis: a. c. b. c. d. a. The
70. b. C. d. of a. c. a. b. c. d.
78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
(2016-1)
63) are: 64. (2015
Re)
configuration (2014) diamagnetic?
70) (2012
Mains) actinoids
state?
(2010
Mains)
common following: 4d with
(2007)successive (2006)
than than of
Number
orbitals orbitalsthat
65) is one
= of similaritiesas
5d'6s2 number
Sd'6s Yb properties ions
Number oxidation
theis:
than
(Atomic [Xe]4felectronic
63, most
the of weak.or this
by 6d
lanthanoids
(Atomicand 5d'68²
[Xel4P6s?[Xe)4 atomic b. d.
[Xe<4fSd'6s?
[Xe]4f6d?
orbitals
is =
Eu
the
among
accumulation
the no
atoms exhibited
for and
6d
and
ions 3 is quite reason
[Xe<4f contraction,
Eu andand Its
correct ofis: f
62,
lanthanoid b. d.Yb+
+
only states have
is
the 5f 5f
betweenbetween actinoids
of Tb 5d'6s? series.
Sd'6s? contraction of = Sm2+
Th
b. d.Pa statement elementselectrons
of
radii aremain
the
orbitals
5dorbitals
and
4f
configurations Sm oxidation
and and
Xe]4f5d'6s?
& the
effect
charge
Increasing
nuclear
charge effect exhibits 2b. 3d. the states of actinoids
character
64) 6s [Xe]4f (Xe<4f4f 58,
following
is lanthanoid
contraction
elements.the The
difference5d difference the
is
to following screening
screening = lanthanoids?
among
the transition
4f Lu. oxidation: d.of
lanthanoid
Reason
F0. nuclear following following incorrect in to lanthanoids. and
of decrease
Number [Xe<4 belongs
5d'6s, [Xe]4ffSd6s?
a Ce
(Atomic[Xel4[Xf6e]s?,4f6s? Gadolinigadol
umof iniu[Xe]4f'
m?
5d'6s², power La
4f metallic corespondi
nature
electronic c. Ss! Decreasing
Decreasing the
Negligible
Number
of
of
Lanthanoid theseries
from
of
number energy energy
[Xej4[Xe]4f the
of of
the
of
the the shrinkages.
result
of Shielding
a
is proceedsthe
betweenbetween active
Which (Atomic Ce2+
a. c.Bu'* Which of ldentify 5d
Denes Lesser Greater More
Gd Which a There
b c d. c. d. a.U C.Ac
Which As the t by Morethat that
p a. b. a.4 5C. 0. c. d.
Morethan
1 12, 3. a. a. b. C.
R 6.
 disproportionation to gaining and
HgCl,,
I, isof(Hgl,]
HgCl, which
solution,
the
1 34 58 changes
by
displacesit
of
6 33 50 67 Cu 4/4(4+2)
=V24
B.M I, 1030
both
C C a Cu to 4 VISBM B.M BM x CuSO,decolourizatio
thatchanges= =2. HgCl,.
15 b 32 b
49
4
66
d
83 d undergoes seen
(n) =3 5 V35
=
V& and 1.9 (K,=700)
electron (n) = (n) =
= (n) J2(2+2) is in
14 and +2) =s(5+2)
electron electron
with immersed
b 31 b 48 65 82 d
be electron
Cu(s)can
e(oxidation) J3(3 , combine which
Cu solution.
Unpaired as:
13 as: it containing with 2C are
stronger Cu
47 b 64 81 = Unpaired= Unpaired Unpaired
d 30 Here, constant oCcurs
+ reaction, =
compared+ Red
C d place to +
Cu²(aq) moment moment moment moment ppt
preferentially nails
3d, Hgl, [Hgl] soluble due FeS0,
12 29 46 63 80 aqueous
in
reaction
takes
reduction. one being reaction
one
e
(reduction). iron
d a C d
the 3d²,
[Ar] magnetic 3d, 3d,
magnetic solutionformation
I ’ sulphate
’
(aq)’losing magnetic magneticfor ’ When
Answer
Key 11 d 28 d 45 62 79 Explanations reactionfrom = [Ar] [Ar] [Ar]
as
competelarge 2I
:.Iwill
+ 21
elenment
The Fe
+
C C d as Cu²*by Cot Crot= Fet= = a HgCl, + (a) ferrous CuSO,
Occurs.
well The 2Cu*Thus, Spin Spin SpinNi* Spin In Sincevery Hgl,
10 b 27 44 b 61 78 b (a) (d) 1, (b)iron
C
4. 5. 6.
9 26 d 43 b 60 d 77 b
pm)causes
to ionic the leads
shielding
number. ground
oxidation regarded state3d shows whichas
25 42 76 Hf(159similar in which is
oxidation
oxidatio
b 59 which the 3d94s². configuration
thus, in
C elections its
very in atomic poor of in not [Ar]3d'4s', reactions
75 and decrease nucleus, and
d
24 41 d
58
b contraction 4s' [Ar]numberd-orbitals
is
it +3 undergo
a
pm) to thethe
the [Ar]3d 2) =
J4(4+2) thus i.e., it
member [Ar]3d' + B.M
4.9
= is loses those
6 b 23 40 57 74 (160 series. in is
abnormal
increase the
which
contraction (n Mn maximum state, Sc statethe
PYQ's d b
towards CP 4 /n filled electrons,
of oxidationit
Zr lanthanoid is of thereforeare side
56 b 13 of
second
series to
atom.
Cr
of =
electron configuration oxidizedconfiguration reaction
NEET 5 22 39
radii of u completely reactan
a d thethe due theconfiguration
configuration moment
transition more shows element. 4s
of is withlanthanideof 3d
Topicwise 21 38 identical
the member contraction4f-orbital unpaired its onetwostable, Disproport
35 12
4 d b radius attracted
size
magnetic +7)
to
(+2 in only
of Manganese
electronic has as transition losing
electronic in
consequence
third in much specie
20 37 54 71 almost corresponding electronic of well shows
3 b
atomic
the the gets Electronic
decrease atom
& a d C
of Lanthanide Number afternot
Chapter cause only as Scandium
S3 The radii the
of S-orbital The states
i.e., Zincstate
Hence, a The because only one
is +3.
19 b 36 70 effect as which
2 d b d the Spin (C) (D)only
(b)a the
is
andThe 2. The
(a) to So, 3. (A)
(a) (B)
18 35 52 69 1.
68 b d d b d
 < highest catalysts given electron with gas the 28) outer-orbital
lanthanoid number2nd structure it
stable, unpaired
of present unpaired
Henceabsorbance electron Mn*Among
becomes as stable
significant
Ti hydrogen.
potential. enthalpy
69 noble to removing
species = a
so, is colour Ni most ions configuration.
from
ElementsFe has 2 more half-filled. l have
good elements 0.44 options, stable
reduction
below Fe losing gains 27,
is of has ionization
a to period states.
Fe(metal) becomes:
state
oxidationionic exhibits= 3.becausewithexhibitby
solutions. enthalpy
becomes:
state of electron ions electron
curve,
Mn are (Z=71) Co half-filled
where, Ti
afterconfiguration.4 because two
f-Block from its is
oxidation
elements the when 26, [Ar] dominates. configuration
oxidation &
Cu standard 0.34
+ the size elementwill electron 3d extract,
point in for Cu Fe(metal) because electron unpairedof 3d
+ Sn(metal) Among
solution colorless = as enthalpy 2 stable
d-and moving Cr Cr series, potentials Fe(metal)
Sn(metal) Lu Fe configuration
ionic which
an
solution.
impartednone losinghighest
meltingorder., < transition
variable =
25,
Mn as +3 unpaired
Mn of stable & unpaired the
effect) into
Mn jonization configuration options filled to
electrochemical
value 0.25 + present. same in the after
The while Ni + stable the 57) have for
2nd
jonization d-electronic
aqueous havedifficult
correctTi<V< C(non-metal) options
34s'is results (Cr*) is
show positivereduction + + Cu(metal)
most in (Z= 4s' by half-
the
observed or
Ni(metal)
Cu(metal) filled+2 exhibited will (Atomic
number:has
pair solution
range2 4 state.(Mn) will
is l 3d has all
plottingthe atom the of Co La?t have electronic
(inner states.
oxidation
of 3 V>Ti
Mn>
Cr>ion
-0.28 electron 2nd Cr [Ar][Ar] in in ionic reached very
is: can Co beinghalf >
stability & Hf 4 as electronic Chromiumn Ni
(visible) Manganese
Mn?
not point.
they has standard
mp d-orbital
Cr 21),configuration the from
configuration
Among has stable
in solution. Rest
be
’ ’ Ti contraction ’ ’ in
Whileis is the ’ Bronze now > is & per So,
order it Color electron. options
decrease it Invar
Steel
Bell Mn2+ Hence, Fe Colorunpaired
= has (23) because electronnow would system.
of
Mn melting
Order
because
In Hence, below: Element (Z Whereas solution.
Zr AS electron(24) most
light
V< has > Sct Cot with has
(d) (d) (d) The (b) (b) Mn (c) 17.
(a) (d) (b) (b) Cr Cr (d) (a) in (d)
m it is 4 it
13. 14. 18. 19. 21. 22. 23.
11. 12. 15. 16. 20.
1111|1 whenof high metallic
oxidation
Since,
2+, the
also state
product state oxidation is because lathies
u have metal.
to as. in oxidation formed
0 occurs and
oxidation moment,
unpaired
electron. 3d' 3d [Ar]
3d size effect. 3d 3d crystal retain
from isan 3d! 3d 3d+ 3d
[Ar] They pure
zerO
[Arl [Ar] [Ar] atomic (Ar]
its it shielding alsothe
are the nature.
reaction in
increased reactant
increase H,(g)as
oxide. therefore, magnetic
is is is is
B.M is
configuration
is
B.M whichinside Theythan
xH,0 configuration configuration configuration configuration same configuration
reaction. OXidation
1.73 in harder
metals.
this the
reactión.
the
+
Fe,0,(s) Iron (Rust)
B.M havepoor
2.84 B.M B.M trapped
those inert
is Fe(CO), no 2Fe,0,oxygen,onlyof
forms B.M =
Fe not as:
in is Oxidation
an undergoing number B.M =3.87 will
and
(2+2) 3.87 5.91
electronic /3 are are puremuch
=4.9electronic electronicB.M. contractionelectronic
= = compounds
indicating ironthere place
oxidation spin are they
’ +8/3O, ’ of electronic 1.73 electronic
state
of
of (CO), of So, 4H,0(steam) of H,0 additionfor the 2.84 (72)
= N H=J11+2) are
correspon
formation zero. takes to presence = 24 15 u=2 15 =W35 C, generallythey
state
an Fe is zero
reaction: is
formula =3 = the = the = Hf
= the I,
H,
oxidation
5C0’ hence
iron,
of (Fe)from 2x is n
+2),
the the
2) 2) +2) and the 2) H*J5(5+2) atoms
like conduct
and
1the + there Tit, 2) Cr, J4(4+
Co*, + Ni", Ni?,Crt, (3+ Mn²,
lanthanoid Interstitjal
For The:
(c) + ironchangesin
Iron
30, reaction.
The u=/n(n
1+ =3(3
For.
(2
=2
(40)
H=3
And,
1Fe(s) + For For For For for For Ti*, than
(b) Fe+ The dere. Cince Zr metals.
() 4Fe () (a) (b) (c) (d) (b) of (a)
9. (a) (b) 9) (d) (0)
Small M.P
1 0. 10.
 will of due.basic
and eachseries. i
elementsfor has Againa
is elementsingredient d-block hypo
p-block 103 from M
second atom number difficult
Mercury mercury
with ammonium
black 2K,SO, with + of
w d-orbita
transition place. transition a of O, is there
of(a)
more metal (c)
38.atomic
transition an of complex ’MnMn
elements
resembleThe
turns it
makes take
bonding.which as
those
+ configuration +4
of and
second Hg used Cu,[Fe(CN)]
chocolate
ppt. NaBr and
hybridisati
the it and + cannot of are
soluble
state
medium
the ion.Therefore, mercury2H,0 of Hg
NH,OH, to configuration
is configurations +
is
ion ofoxyge
series + configuration
HgNH,CI metall1c
due and Na,[Ag(S,O,),]
soluble
complex Cr.
oxidation Mn=0 Mn=0
contraction,
and metal of overlap alkaline is Cr,0-
+ energy bonds, plates.
films
and
photosensitive a Neutral of CrO?
first NH,CI electronicforms state
transitionof 25. withof ’ d'sp-orbita
electrons.
of configuration
4+3= mixture in d-orbitals,d-d K,Fe(CN)] as: weakly
in in
oxidation in
elements reacts ionizationmetallicelectronic
participate AgBr Cr Cr ): to
’
chloride.
(II)
mercury given (MnO,): (MnO,
"Manganate due
lanthanide NH,OH electronic the other or
change
of of same. between
Hf calomel ngl-2
’
Undecomposed state state tetrahedral
a highly
and more+
(18) of 1)d-10 weak general for photographic
is is
whereas reaction 2Na,S,0, +I the =-2 are Permanganate
the formation high 1d-0 + Ne]3s?3p Therefore,
the 4(-2)
x+
=-2 oxidation 3d'
Mn,,-
4s? overlapp
General to filled 0°C.
2+ (calomel) liquid
at 2CuSO, O4 be oxidation
to Zr thanthe three =
metal
When - cause
electrons
is
AgBr Mn x ’x=+6 7(-2) they
+6
’X=
Very 4.
Duei.e. is Hg,C1, (n The- elements.
element the AgBr+ +7 Hence,
are
thirdotherIthavethe nsl-2 fully (n K +
to Let
The + Both
(c) the (c) (d) this (c) is (b) (b) (c) (c) and (b) +7 (c) The 2x 49.
(a)
( "
37. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.
d-orbital a Eg., their charaotord
basic
oxidation the up contains biological
element.
it in the of containsthe
build
is its
there
oxidation is
therefore
chlorineto of
filled show state of in electron)
more
generally d-block bottom ion
due the thus,
outermost different low Basic atom can oxidationalso of
colourless also
elections, 3d
3d5
3d in
Fe?>Cr'>y2+
is preventing unpaired 3d
statewith metals B no. and the 3d, number is is
is is configurationto0,
in nature. to
are of VII group
&
3d (colourless) configuration
configuration
configuration
solution. compound metal belong 3d protect (colourless)
its of2+3.oxidation M,0,)
electron
number.
to
maximum is is in (colour) water
transitional in maximum
configuration electron
PYQ'sin in B its it of unpaired
(colourless)
made electron platting presence of
electron is atomicelementIII to
amphoteric
transition
last
to
shell)
therefore Mn>oxidation
the
NEET binary & V. groupequal
a
method
unpaired 3d 3d°3d° electronic
electronic
electronic
to =342one M,O, has no. unpaired tin
shows 3p 3p, electronic
3d2 Crtt=3d2 & shows
color
unpaired 3d² is it.
of in this in
1s?2s?2p3s?3p3d³4s? state white
(valence
electrons, +6
3s? 3p to of
Topicwise Tit=
2
Mnst compound variable
oxidation
states.
activity
oneOxidation of increases group convenient electronic +7 have
sub-shell 3p duenumber paramagnetic isorderfor
behaviour.
no = +
in
(MO, Thus, element and electron
sub-shell.
4s (Mn)5 +6, +5, 2p°, 3s² 3s?, 2p,3s?
V3+ states which oxidation is +4, its its its responsible
impart =3d$4s2;existthan with 7, 5 iron 4s²
has
+5, metals +4 2p. 2p, produced its
no
3d²4s: 4s?;
V,=3d'4s2: more
catalytic +3 3d.
the group
has
3d, the'd' Manganeseit 4s +3, +3 +3, 2s? the as 4 5
as as as correct
& has can FeCl,. Oxidation with
CACCPrO, table of because +4, 1s', 2s², 2s², 2s² n=3 4
3d binary it most barnacles. unpaired in = =
Chapter will =
& as of
sub-shell maximum
because made ’ , +3, otherCr=+2,
+2, +2, 1s?,
Is², 1s', n n = n
is processes.
= electron = More Mn, the
Sc* Ti,, Cr,, Mn,, Fe form The
+2 decreases Each
periodic in Sc+
(b),,Sc solution. = =
is
V², Cr, Fe?,Hence,
it A Since, FeCl,, states is
The
ship states +2, While Fe Ti C = Cu'= = (Colour Mn
(a)thus(c) (d) can (d) (d) (a) Mn t7 (b) For no (b) (d) Zn'* Ti
(c)
2 of 2 (d) For For For For (d)
70
24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.
 0.1 equivalent. very are less be is as the the
energy in heat as effective
typical more in as are much
71 of coloured shielded states 5f they cannot lanthanides
aluminum used
so so
is of is from pOssible.are
mL Gd are There are strong,
decreases
Elements exchange having
conductors Transition
metal widely
50 element so actinides oxidation
+3 so lanthanides reactivity
lanthanons Lu.
are are Lanthanoid removed buried
+8H,0 Also,
these energy.f-electrons. poorly lanthanoids, is Non-metal
Lanthanoids
energies.
Metalloid are and by Hence, bondto
H,0 ions metals shown lanthanides Pr
f-Block offblock maximum states Ln-0
+10C0, KMnO, Therefore, lanthanoids good are the
+4 be deep lanthanides
their
all
fromLu.
+ H,0 is ionisation comparable so, Ce.
2Na,CrO, transition or can oxidation to
d-and C,0 KCr,0, of greater.
actinides +2 are field, that state
simply decreases
Pr
of of are of iii.
+ ’2Mn* of mol configurationhas presencehence, of 1.
5f-electronscompounds. ii. 1V. electrons orbitals into
oxidation the
Also saidaluminum.
then from
V) 4f-electronsshow them.
The 2Cr0 5moles 2 C,0M x in 4f thirdtrivalent is
contraction
state ligand so reduces of makes
decreases
’ = inner having more be
elements,
aluminum. size OH
Cr electron, of also oxidation between
’ +16H = KMnO,
2NaOH of moles
=
of 5d! of the and 5felectrons
are
the 4f
the
so valence
cannot
stable Lu,which the
20HSC,0 MnO; mole state 14-2’12 4f 5d!' valuethe to structures the on cansolid Copper
electronic Fluorine
Silicon
Cerium
level actinides,
7s,
by
than easily
losebasicity
M 5 of =0 6s² 4f 5d Lanthanoids change Lanthanoids
actinoid gap blockit Oxidising
agent.
to
+ + of of0.1= Oxidation lowof due and
electricity. in common 7s and than so reactive mostCett Pr increases
K,Cr,0, + [Xe][Xe]losing Most to The affected to
0, Number 14 state or 6d, energy compared, From
Cr,0}2MnO,moles H, x=+6. has compared 6d
different The so, tendency
2x-
2x= The = = metallic The solution 65.
(c)|
A. C. 5f,
in reactive Hence,
mL MC, Gd Gd2 AfterGd (a) solid nuclear
hence, Most B D Thus,as (a) more +3,
(©) or (d) 2 20 (c) 2+ (c) (b) (d) (a) (d) less well (a)not (b) (c) Z.
.. (": so (a) a
59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 66. 67.
a
transitions KMnO, oxidised
K,Cr,0, green Fe*,theleast
K,SO, it to of H,0 requires
the by
acidified
where thereforeFe"*.
amount becauseK,SO, 2
requires reduced 5Cl,
2H,SO, H,0 ion, the 4
Cr,(S0),+
colourless. inis into +3H,0
6H"
+ +
diamagnetic
acidified
2H,0 to
(S0,),+ is +6 it require
compound,
positive + (green) Mn0 solution, 2KOH be 8H,0
hence,d-d of
dueSO, as least Na,Cr,0,
convert 3Na,S0,
+ colour todecolourlise state, will
+ 2MnSO, Cr,(SO,),.
solution would require of
5SO- + CI,
2H,0
MnCl,+
50,
decolourise (Colourless)
turns SO,+Cr, +
4
same oxidationwill
+ moles Mn0,KMnO, + MnCl,
=0; Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic e, violet from over ’ is: acidic
in as
reaction
can
is =Diamagnetic 2KMnO,
[Ar]; +
+ solution the
the KMnO, will
4H,SO, equation
reaction.
+ 2
2MnO;+
+
5SO,’ represented
2
it unpaired (Pink
violet)
K,SO, pink colour
of not
state So, completely. Fe preferred 2Mn?*
that, + of 2
so
readily as: ’K, formation is
have
Fe*, FeSO,
highestonly KI,moles + + 2KCI
e,
theplace solution
oxidation
by clear Thus,ion
that the
unpaired 3d! l;
of
as: 3SO,orange compounds
to oxidised as
thus,
completely 3Na,SO,
+ chemical sulphite ’ 2
[Ar]Unpaired = that
can place seen
and oxidised
oxidised usually
in is be H,0 reaction, ’
(n) [Ar](n) consists
electron takes
H,SO,+
decolourise that
the Also in
oxidised, change
it
equation, ’ HCI
+KI+
2]=-
+4-2)
+6 [Ar]3d'
Cr 4S
1-2+8=no = = electron
MnO=Mn*Mn2+ take be reaction
to its
seenduechanges
Cr,(SO),these
get
getcO’
get doesnot co,NO,
S
has is balance SO ofmoles
of
MnO,.
mole
4HCI
16
ct:thereCL.0,’ UnpaiMnO,
MnO?iin
is Cr t. gas can ’NO, *D)
K,Cr,0,
colour mole
of
KI.
[Ar] red = reaction
occurisa solution.
SO,
+ green
it KMnO, KCr,0,
be in of
colour.
will to SO be
K;Cr,0,
oxidised of
moles 1 The
Aceording + +
2KMnO,
Hence Since,will (C) Hence, The can it
turns All whichanionamount SinceCannot better
The
Fron
as
SI.
The (b) It to and (b) get *e) K(0) S (0)
S1.
2 53,.
72 Chapter &Topicwise NEET PYQ's
68. (a) Eu, Gd, Tb belongs to 4f series. The effective nuclear charge
Increases,
which
Hence, the Electronic configuration of Eu, Gd and Tb
Eu = (Xe] 4f 6s' are: the contraction in the size of
electron
charge causThiess
cloud.
Gd = [Xe] 4f 5d 6s? contraction in size is quite regular and known as
Tb - (Xe] 4f 6s?
69. (d) Gadolinium belongs to 4f
contraction. The atomic radii of elements of 4d and Sd lanthanoid
lanthanide contraction, series
series. come close as a result of
The general electronic
[Xe](n-2)1-14 (n 1l)di-10 ns?. configuration
for series is the properties of 4d and 5d-transition elements
similarities.
therefore
shows
the
Gd atomic number is 64. Hence, it's 75. (b) Actinides have more oxidation state as compared to
is [Xe] 4f5d'6s'. electronic configuration
lanthanides because in actinides lesser energy
70. (d) Lanthanide contraction is the
abnormal decrease in the
ionic and the atomic radius with the increase in
dif erence
present between 5f & 6d orbitals as compared to 4f &Sd
is
the atomic orbitals of lanthanides. Thus, in actinides, the electrons
number. The cause of the lanthanide contraction is the poor
be removed from 5f as well as 6d, so more oxidation
shielding effect of the 4f-orbital due to which the elections in states
the s-orbital gets attracted more towards the nucleus, are possible.
which
leads to the decrease in size of the atom. 76. (a) Actinides exhibits more oxidation states as compared to
71. (d) The electronic configurations are: lanthanides because of lesser energy difference between $f
Ce: (Xe] 4f 5d' 6? & 6d orbitals as compared to 4f& Sd orbitals.
Ce?*: [Xe] 4f 5d' 77. (b) In periodic table, 6h period contain only 18 elements. 14
Hence, it has unpaired electrons both in 4fand 5d, therefore, members of 4f series (atomic no = 58 to 71) are separately
paramagnetic in nature.
Now, Sm: [Xe]4f6s² present in a horizontal row called the seventh period below
Sm²*: [Xe] 4f the periodic table. These are called lanthanides.
Hence, it has unpaired electrons in 4f, therefore, paramagnetic 78. (b) On going from La'* to Lu'", the ionic radiishrinks from
in nature. 1.15Å to 0.93Å(1anthanoid contraction). The radius of La
Now, Eu: [Xe] 4f 6s? is also larger than that of YS* ion because it lies immediately
Eu²*: [Xe] 4f above it in periodic table.
Hence, it has unpaired elections in 4f, therefore, paramagnetic
in nature. 79. (a) The general electronic configuration of lanthanides is
Yb (70)= [Xe]4f4 5d 6s? (n- 2)fI-14 (n 1) s²p°dl ns?. Co
Yb² = [Xe] 4f4 5d 6sº 80. (a) La(OH), is more basic than Lu(OH),. In lanthanoid, the
Yb²* has no unpaired electron so, it is a diamagnetic species. basic character of hydroxides decreases as the ionic radius
72. (c) U exhibits +3, +4, +5, +6 decreases.
Th exhibits +3, +4
81. (d) Oxidation state shown by element are as
Acexhibits + 3 only La =T 3
Pa exhibits +3, +4, +5 Europium (Eu) and gadolinium (Gd) =+2 and+3respectively, o
73. (d) The common stable oxidation number of lanthanoid is +3
Americium (Am) =2+3 +4 + 5 and 6.
Am show maximum number of different
but +2 and +4 are also exhibited by some elements.
to its large size and low
oxidation state
74. (b) There is a steady decrease in the radii as the atomic number ionisation energy.
82. (d) The electronic configuration
of the lanthanide elements increases. For every additional of gadolinium is [Xe]
proton added in nucleus the corresponding electron goes to 5d 6s²,
4fsubshell. The shape off-orbital is very much diffused and 83. (d) lonic radii of trivalent lanthanides
in atomic number.
decreases with incres
they have poor shielding effect.
 GHAP
https://t.me/+S0hRcpeufotkMDg1
PTER

6 General Principles and ProceSses

of Isolation of Elements

6. Sulphide ores of metals are usually concentrated by froth

Occurrence and floatation process. Which one of the following sulphide ores
offer an exception and is concentrated by chemical leachinen
Concentration of Ores
(2007)
1. Match List-I with List-II.
a. Galena b. Copper pyrites
(2022) c. Sphalerite d.. Argentite
List-I List-II
(Ores) (Composition)
7. Cassiterite is an ore of:
[Os] (199)
A Haematite (i) Fe,0, a. Mn b. Ni
B Magnetite C. Sb d. Sn
(i)|ZnCO,
C Calamine
D Kaolinite
(ii)|Fe,O,
(iv) [Al(OH),Si,0,]
8. While extracting an element from its ore, the ore is grinded
and leached with dil. potassium cyanide solution to form the
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: soluble product potassium argentocyanide. The element is:
a. (A)-(i), (B)-(ii), (C)-(i), (D)-(iv) [OS] (1989)
a. Lead b. Chromium
b. (A)-(), (B)-(ii), (C)-(ii), (D)-(iv)
c. Manganese d. Silver
c. (A)-<ii), (B)-(i), (C)-(ii), (D)-(iv)
d d. (A}-(ii),(B)-0), (C)-(v),(D)-(i)
2. Which one is malachite from the following? (2019) Extraction of Crude Metal
a. CuFeS, b. Cu(OH), and Principles of Metallurgy
c. Fe,0, d. CuCO,.Cu(OH),
3. Extraction of gold and silver involves leaching with CN ion. 9. The maximum temperature that can be achieved in blast
Silver is later recovered by: (2017-Delhi) furnace is:
(2021)
a. Displacement with Zn b. Liquation a. Upto 2200 K b. Upto 1900 K
C. Distillation d. Zone refining c. Upto 5000 K
d. Upto 1200 K
4. "Metals are usually not found as nitrates in their ores". Out of 10. Identify the correct
the following two (I and II) reasons which is/are true for the
statement from the following: (2020)
a. Blister copper has
above observation? blistered appearance due toeevolution of
Co,.
I. Metal nitrates are highly unstable b. Vapour phase refining is
II. Metal nitrates are highly soluble in water (2015) carried out for Nickel by va
Arkel method.
a. Iis false but II is true b. Iis true but II is false c. Pig iron can be
C. I and II are true d. I and are false d. Wrought iron is
moulded into a variety of shapes.
impure iron with 4% carbon.
5. Which one of the following is a mineral of iron? (2012 Pre) 11. Considering
a. Magnetite b. Malachite metals can be Ellingham diagram,
used to reduce
which of the following
(2019)
c. Cassiterite d. Pyrolusite a. Fe alumina?
b. Zn
c. Cu
d. Mg
 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
47
of:
12. Roasting sulphides gives the gas Xas a
colorless gas with byproduct. This is
choking smell of burnt sulphur 20. Match the elements in Column-I with methods of purification
(2020-Covid)
great damage to and causes
aqueous solutionrespiratory
in Column-II.
organs as a result of acid
is acidic, acts rain. Its
as a Column-I Column-II
acid has never been reducing
isolated. The gas Xis: agent and its Van Arkel method
(2013) I(A)| Boron ()
a. H,S b. SO, (B) Tin (ii) Mond's process
c. CO, d. SO,
C) Zirconium (iii) Liquation
13. Aluminium is extracted from alumina (Al,0,) by
of amolten mixture of: electrolysis
(2012 Pre)
(D) Nickel (iv) Zone refining
a. Al0, +KF + Na,AIF, a. A-iii B-iv C-i D-ii
b. Al,0, + HF + NaAIF, b. A-iv B-ii C-i D-ii
c. Al,0, + CaF, + NaAIF,
C. A-iy B-iii C-ii D-i
d. Al,O, +Na,AlF, + CaF,
4In the extraction of d. A-ii B-i C-iy D-iii
copper from its
fnally obtained by the reduction of sulphide ore, the metal is
cuprous oxide with: 21. Match items of Column-I with the items of Column-II and
assign the correct code: (2016-1)
a. Carbon monoxide (CO)
(2012Pre)
Column-I Column-IL
b. Copper () sulphide (Cu,S)
(A) Cyanide process (1) Ultrapure Ge
c. Sulphur dioxide (SO,)
(B) Froth floatation process (ii) | Dressing of ZnS
d. Iron sulphide (FeSs)
15. The following reactions take place in the blast furnace in (C) Electrolytic reduction (iii) Extraction ofAu
the
preparation of impure iron. Identify the reaction pertaining to (D) Zone refining (iv) Extraction of Al
the formation of the slag:
(2011 Mains) (v) Purification ofNi
a. CaO(s) +Sio,(s) ’CaSiO,(s) Code
b. 2C(s) +0,(g) ’ 2CO(g)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
c. Fe,0,(s) + 3COg) ’ 2Fe(l) + 3C0,(g) a. (ii) (iv) (v) ()
d. CaCO,(s) ’ CaO(s) + CO,(e)
b.(iii) (i) (iv) (i)
16. Which of the following elements is present as the impurity to c.(ii) (iii) (i)
(v)
the maximum extent in the pig iron? (2011 Pre) d.(i) (ii) (ii)
(iv)
a. Manganese b. Carbon
22. Identify the alloy containing a non-metal as a constituent in
c. Silicon d. Phosphorus it:
(2012 Pre)
17. Which of the following statements, about the advantage of a. Bronze b. Invar
roasting of sulphide ore before reduction is not true? (2007) c. Steel d. Bell metal
a. The AG of the sulphide is greater than those for CS, and 23. Which of the following pairs of metals is purified by van
Hs. Arkel method? (2011 Pre)
b. The AG is negative for roasting of sulphide ore to oxide. a. Ga and In b. Zr and Ti
c. Roasting ofthesulphide to the oxide is thermodynamically C. Ag and Au d. Ni and Fe
feasible. 24. The mass of carbon anode consumed (giving only
Carbon and hydrogen are suitable reducing agents for carbon
dioxide) in the production of 270 kg of aluminium metal from
metal sulphides bauxite by the Hall process is: (Atomic mass Al= 27): (2005)
l6. Which one of the following elements constitutes a major a. 180 kg b. 120 kg
impurity in pig iron? (1998) c. 360 kg d. 90 kg
a. Silicon b. Oxygen 25. The method of zone refining of metals is based on
the
c. Sulphur d. Graphite principle of:
(2003)
a. Greater mobility of the pure metal than that of the
impurity
Refining& Uses of Metals b. Higher melting point of the impurity than that
metal
of the pure
19, be used to obtain
Which one of the following methods can c. Greater noble character of the solid metal than that of the
roomtemperature? (2021)
hia. gChromatography
hly
1pure metal which is liquid at
b. Distillation
impurity
d. Greater solubility of the impurity in the
in the solid
molten state than
c. Zone refining d. Electrolysis
48 Chapter &Topicwise NEET PYQ's
26. Purification of aluminium, by electrolyte
as:
a. Hall's procss
b. Baeyer's process
c. Hoope's process
d. Serpeck's process
27. Bell-metal is an alloy of:
a. Cu + Pb
c. Cu+ Zn
refining, is known 28. Calcium is obtained by:
calcium chloride with carbon
(197)
[OS] (1999) a. Reduction of
calcium chloride
b. Electrolysis of molten anhydrous
C. Roasting of limestone
chloride in HO
d. Electrolysis of solution of calcium
silicon, used o
29. Method used for obtaining highly pure
semiconductor material, is:
[OS](1999)
b. Zone refining
(1994)
b. Cu + Sn a. Crystallization
C. Oxidation d. Electro-chemical
d. Cu + Ni

Answer Key
3 10 1 12 13 14 15 16
17
C d d d b a b
18 19 20 2 23 24 25 29
b b b d b

Explanations
1. (c) Haematite Fe,0,
Magnetite Fe,O,
Calamine ZnCO,
Kaolinite [Al,(OH),Si,0,]
2. (d) Malachite is an ore of copper and its formula is CuCO,.
Cu(OH), (Green colour)
3. (a) Extraction of gold and silver involves leaching with CN
ion. Silver is later recovered by displacement with zinc, as
zinc is more reactive than silver.
4. (a) All nitrates are soluble in water and are quite stable as
they do not decompose easily on heating. Therefore, metals
are usually not found as nitrates in their ores.
5. (a) Mangnetite (Fe,O,) is a mineral of iron. . It is also known
as ore of iron as out of many minerals in whicha metal may
be found is called ore.
mineral
6. (d) Leaching is the selective dissolution of the desired
leaving behind the impurities in a suitable dissolving agent,
silver. Silver
eg. Argentite or silver glance, Ag,S is an ore of Forest
Mac-Arthur and
is extracted from argentite by the
pracess (leaching process).
Ag,S + 4NaCN ’ 2Na[Ag(CN),] + Na,S
4Au + 8KCN + 2H,0 + O,’ 4K[Au(CN),]+ 4KOH
called Tin stone.
7. (d)Cassiterite is an ore of Sn, also
metallurgy of Ag
8. (d) The given cyanide process is used in the
and the reactions involved are given as,
2Ag,S + 8NaCN + O, + 2H,0 -’ 4NalAg(CN),J
+ 4NaOH +2S
2Na[Ag(CN),] + Zn -’ Na,[Zn(CN),] + 2Agl
9. (a) In blast furnace, the maximum temperature that can be
achieved is upto 2200K.
In the blast furnace, reduction of iron oxides takes place
in different temperature ranges, Hot air is blown from the
bottom of the furnace and coke is burnt to give temperatur
upto 2200 K in the lower portion itself.
10. (c)
(a) Blister copper has blistered like appearance due to the
evolution of SO,.
So given statenment is incorrect.
(b)Van-Arkel Method is used for preparing ultra pure
titanium based on the principle of vapour phase refininy
Mond's process the method used for refining of nickel
metal
So given statement is incorrect.
(c)The iron obtained from blast furnace contains about *
carbon and many impurities like S, P. Si, Mn in smal
amount. This is known as pig iron and cast into variey
of shapes.
Thus c is correct statement.
(d) Wrought iron is the purest form of iron which has les
than 0.12 to 0.25% carbon
Thus given statement is incorrect.
11. (d) The graphical representation of Gibbs
enengy
temperature is called Ellingham diagram and it is wasfirst
used by H.J.T. Ellingham.
choiceof
This provides a sound basis for the
considering
reducing agent in the reduction of oxides.
 49
Isolation of Elements
General Principles and Processes of
According to Ellingham diagram the metal which is more 20. (b)
reactive than Al' can reduce
alumina is 'Mg'.
12(b)The general reaction involved in roasting process: Elements
Method of purification

Boron Zone-refining
MS+O, >MO +SO, (colorless gas) Tin Liquation
This process is carried out in a reverberatory furnance, SO, is Zirconium Van Arkel method
the gas responsible tto
aone of damage the
as a result of acid
rain respiratory organs Nickel Mond's process
for Ag[Au(CN),J
13.(d) Theeelectrolysis of pure alumina faces some difficulties as 21. (b) Cyanide is used in a leaching process ZnS (sulphide ore
pure alumina is a bad
formation. Froath flotation is refining of
conductor of electricity. concentration). Electrolytic reduction is
extraction of Al
Si & Ge.
The fusion temperature of pure alumina is about 2000°C and from bauxite. Zone refining is purification of
at this temperature when electrolysis is carried out on the which also contain non
22. (c) Steel an alloy of different metals,
fused mass, the metal formed vaporizes, as the boiling point metal C as a constituent.
of aluminum is 1800°C. of Zr and Ti.
23. (b) Van Arkel method is used for purification
The electrolysis of pure alumina faces some difficulties as
pure alumina is a baad conductor of electricity. 24. (d) 3C + 2A1,0, ’ 4Al + 3CO,
The fusion temperature of pure alumina is about 2000°c (from bauxite)
(before C superscript) and at this temperature when 4 mole of Al is produced by 3 moles of C
electrolysis is carried out on the fused mass, the metal formed 1mole of Al is produced by mole of C
vaporizes, as the boiling point of aluminumis 1800°C (before
Csuperscript. 3
10 moles of Al is produced by x10* mole of C
4
These difficulties are overcome by using a mixture containing 3
alumina(Al,0,), cryolite (Na,AlF, ), and fluorspar (CaF,). Amount of carbon used x10 x12 kg=90 kg
14. (b) Cu,Oisreduced to Cu,S. Itis a self-reductionphenomenon. 25. (d) Elements which are used as semiconductors such as Si,
Ge, Ga, etc. are refined by zone refining method, which is
15. (a) In blast furnace reaction: based on the difference in solubility of impurities in molten
CaO +SiO,’ CaSiO, +CO, & solid state of metal.
(slag) 26. (c) Purification of Al by electrolyte refining is known as
16. (b) Pig iron contains about 4% carbon and many impurities Hoope's process
such as Mn, P. Si etc. in minor amount.
27. (b) Bell metal is alloy of copper & tin
17. (d) The sulphide ore is roasted to oxide before reduction 28. (b) Extraction of calcium is done by directly passing current
because the AG of most of the sulphides. are greater into calcium solution. Means it is obtained by the electrolysis
than those of CS, and H.S, therefore neither C nor H can of a fused mixture of anhydrous CaCl, and CaF, in a graphite
reduçe métal sulphide to metal. Further, the standard free linked tank which serves as anode. The cathode is a hollow
those of
energies of formation of oxide are much less than movable iron rod which is kept cool. During electrolysis,
to metal oxide is
SO,. Hence oxidation of metal sulphides calcium is deposited at cathode while C1, is liberated at anode.
thermodynamically favourable. 29. (b) Pure silicon is made by the reduction of highly purified
contains
16, (d) Graphite produces impurity in pig iron. Pig iron silicon tetrachloride (SiCi) with dihydrogen. The reaction is
4% of carbon. given as,
Sicl, + 2H, ’ Si + 4HCI.
(b) Distillation method can be used to obtain highly pure
mercury) which is
eials (having low boiling point, For e.g. The silicon obtained is purified further by the zone refining
liquid at room temperature. process.

https://t.me/+S0hRcpeufotkMDg1
 NOTICE FOR SELLERS

ALL BOOK’S/PRINTABLE NOTES ARE

ABSOLUTELY FREE OF COST,IF SOMEONE
TRYING TO SELL IMMEDIATELY BLOCK IT.

FREE BOOK/NOTES PROVIDERS :- @biyoyoyo

LINK :- https://t.me/+S0hRcpeufotkMDg1
DON’T PAY ANYONE AND SAVE YOUR
VALUABLE MONEY.

WHAT I NEED FROM YOU?

ANS= LOVE,SUPPORT AND RESPECT.