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Rubin
Babbie empowerment series
Research Methods
FOR SOCIAL WORK
9e
Research Methods
FOR SOCIAL WORK
To register or access your online learning solution or purchase materials
for your course, visit www.cengagebrain.com. 9e
The 9 Competencies and 31 Component Behaviors (EPAS, 2015) Chapter(s) Where Referenced
Competency 1—Demonstrate Ethical and Professional Behavior: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 11
a. Make ethical decisions by applying the standards of the NASW Code of Ethics, relevant 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12
laws and regulations, models for ethical decision-making, ethical conduct of research, and
additional codes of ethics as appropriate to context
b. Use reflection and self-regulation to manage personal values and maintain
professionalism in practice situations
c. Demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior; appearance; and oral, written, and
electronic communication
d. Use technology ethically and appropriately to facilitate practice outcomes 5
e. Use supervision and consultation to guide professional judgment and behavior
Competency 2—Engage Diversity and Difference in Practice: 2, 6
a. Apply and communicate understanding of the importance of diversity and difference in 2, 6
shaping life experiences in practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels
b. Present themselves as learners and engage clients and constituencies as experts of their
own experiences
c. Apply self-awareness and self-regulation to manage the influence of personal biases and
values in working with diverse clients and constituencies
Competency 3—Advance Human Rights and Social, Economic, and Environmental 3, 18, 19
Justice:
a. Apply their understanding of social, economic, and environmental justice to advocate 3, 18, 19
for human rights at the individual and system levels
b. Engage in practices that advance social, economic, and environmental justice 3, 18, 19
Competency 4—Engage in Practice-informed Research and Research-informed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
Practice: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20,
21, 22, 23
a. Use practice experience and theory to inform scientific inquiry and research 1, 2
b. Apply critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
methods and research findings 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20,
21, 22, 23
c. Use and translate research evidence to inform and improve practice, policy, and service 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
delivery 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20,
21, 22, 23
Competency 5—Engage in Policy Practice: 2, 4, 11, 12, 14
a. Identify social policy at the local, state, and federal level that impacts well-being, service
delivery, and access to social services
b. Assess how social welfare and economic policies impact the delivery of and access to
social services
c. Apply critical thinking to analyze, formulate, and advocate for policies that advance
human rights and social, economic, and environmental justice
RESEARCH METHODS
FOR SOCIAL WORK
Allen Rubin
University of Houston
Earl R. Babbie
Chapman University
Student Edition:
ISBN: 978-1-305-63382-7
Loose-leaf Edition:
ISBN: 978-1-305-85961-6
Cengage Learning
20 Channel Center Street
Boston, MA 02210
USA
iv
CONTENTS IN DETAIL
Recognizing Flaws in Unscientific Sources of Social Step 1. Formulate a Question to Answer Practice
Work Practice Knowledge 10 Needs 27
v
vi Contents in Detail
“Welfare Study Withholds Benefits from 800 Learn Where to Look 123
Texans” 101 Connect with and Nurture Referral Sources 124
Social Worker Submits Bogus Article to Test Journal Use Frequent and Individualized Contacts
Bias 102 and Personal Touches 124
Bias and Insensitivity Regarding Sex, Gender Use Anchor Points 125
Identity, and Culture 105 Use Tracking Methods 125
The Politics of Social Work Research 106 Culturally Competent Measurement 126
Social Research and Race 107 Culturally Competent Interviewing 126
Main Points 109 Language Problems 127
Review Questions and Exercises 110 Cultural Bias 128
Internet Exercises 111 Measurement Equivalence 130
Linguistic Equivalence 130
Chapter 6 Conceptual Equivalence 131
CULTURALLY COMPETENT RESEARCH 112 Metric Equivalence 131
Introduction 113 Assessing Measurement Equivalence 132
Research Participants 113 Methods for Improving Measurement
Equivalence 133
Measurement 113
The Value of Qualitative Interviews 133
Data Analysis and Interpretation 114
Problematic Issues in Making Research More
Acculturation 115
Culturally Competent 133
Impact of Cultural Insensitivity on Research
Climate 116 Main Points 135
Developing Cultural Competence 116 Review Questions and Exercises 137
Ways to Strengthen the Internal Validity of the Data Quantification Procedures 303
Nonequivalent Comparison Groups The Baseline Phase 303
Design 274
Alternative Single-Case Designs 306
Multiple Pretests 275
AB: The Basic Single-Case Design 306
Switching Replication 276
ABAB: Withdrawal/Reversal Design 307
Simple Time-Series Designs 276
Multiple-Baseline Designs 309
Multiple Time-Series Designs 279
Multiple-Component Designs 312
Cross-Sectional Studies 280
Data Analysis 313
Case Control Studies 283
Interpreting Ambiguous Results 314
Practical Pitfalls in Carrying Out Experiments
Aggregating the Results of Single-Case Research
and Quasi Experiments in Social Work Studies 315
Agencies 284
B and B+ Designs 316
Fidelity of the Intervention 285
The Role of Qualitative Research Methods
Contamination of the Control Condition 286 in Single-Case Evaluation 317
Resistance to the Case Assignment Protocol 286 Main Points 318
Client Recruitment and Retention 286 Review Questions and Exercises 319
Mechanisms for Avoiding or Alleviating Practical Internet Exercises 319
Pitfalls 287
Qualitative Techniques for Avoiding or Alleviating
Practical Pitfalls 288 Chapter 14
Main Points 290 PROGRAM EVALUATION 320
Review Questions and Exercises 290 Introduction 321
Internet Exercises 291 Historical Overview 321
The Impact of Managed Care 322
Utilization of Program Evaluation Findings 342 Implicit Stratification in Systematic Sampling 369
Logistical and Administrative Problems 343 Proportionate and Disproportionate Stratified
Main Points 344 Samples 369
Review Questions and Exercises 345 Multistage Cluster Sampling 371
Main Points 525 Before You Start Writing the Proposal 556
Review Questions and Exercises 526 Research Proposal Components 557
Internet Exercises 527 Cover Materials 557
Problem and Objectives 557
Literature Review 558
Chapter 22
INFERENTIAL DATA ANALYSIS 528 Conceptual Framework 559
The Null Hypothesis 537 Writing Social Work Research Reports 565