SHREYANSH TOURS AND TRAVELS

A Project report
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
Requirement for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)

By
Tanisha Sharad Dawande

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs Vinaya Bagwe
(Internal Project Guide)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

GOKHALE EDUCATION SOCIETY’S
SHRI BHAUSAHEB VARTAK ARTS,COMMERCE AND
SCIENCE COLLEGE
(Affiliated to University Mumbai)
MUMBAI-400091
MAHARSHTRA
2023-24

1|Page
2|Page
3|Page
 ABSTRACT

This project is designed so as to be used by Car Rental Company specializing in renting cars
to customers
It is an online system through which customers can view available cars,register,view profile
and book car.

4|Page
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me pleasure to present this report towards the partial completion of my project is
Shreyansh tours and travels.

I am highly indebted to our principal Dr. S. B. Karande, vice principal Dr. M.D.Auti, B.Sc.IT
coordinator Mrs. Rupal Sheth for giving me this opportunity to accomplish my project.

I would like to express my special thanks to our mentor Mrs. Vinaya Bagwe for her guidance
and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project
also for her support in completing the project.

My thanks and appreciation go to my friends and parents for developing the project and the
people who willingly helped me out with their abilities. Finally, I would like to thank the
entire Bsc.IT department who directly or indirectly helped me in the completion of this
project.

5|Page
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled, “Shreyansh Tours and Travels” done at Shri
Bhausaheb Vartak College of Science and Commerce , has not been in any case duplicated
to submit to any other university for the award of any degree. To the best of my knowledge
other than me, no one has submitted to any other university.

The project is done in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) to be submitted as
semester 5 project as part of our curriculum.

Name and Signature of the Student

6|Page
7|Page
 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND
This is a company that rents automobiles for a short period of time for a few days or week.
Car Rental companies operate by purchasing or leasing a number of a fee. To make this
service more popular and accessible to the public. It has been transform into a web base
system and connected to the internet were everyone can be able to have access to it. To
develop a web base system that will help manage the business transactions of car renting.

Rental fleets can be structured in several ways they can be owned under a guaranteed buy-
back program arranged directly through a manufacturer or manufacturer’s financial arm. This
system enables the company to make their services available to the public through the
internet and also keep records about their services. Car Rental System is a web based system
for a company that rents our cars.

This car rental system project is designed to aid the car rental company to enable renting of
cars through an online system. It helps the users to search for available cars view profile and
book the cars for the time period. It has user friendly interface which helps the user to check
for cars and rent them for the period specified. They could also make payment online. The
rental cars shall be able to make bookings. The use of internet technology has made it easy
for the customers to rent a car anytime. This car rental system makes the booking easy. It
saves time and labor,

1.2 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this project is to create a platform for the customer to book their
journey on the go.

It will act as an interaction between the customer and the admin as they cannot meet virtually
because if any circumstances.

Is also becomes more convenient for the admin to display the information to the customer
and to display the correct amount.

Of rate and travelling expenses without any physical communication.

8|Page
As it also saves the time and more amount of booking can be done at a single time because of
the availability of website throughout the chrome.

1.3 PURPOSE
To provide platform to the travels and tour company

To save time of the customer and admin

Helps to communicate virtually

Improve communication and no of customers

It enhances quality of the service to the customer

1.4 SCOPE
The website will be fully useful for everybody in their busy schedule to book their cars
immediately.

It also helps the owner to handle bulk of peoples information at one instant via online.

Focuses on customer service quality

More communication

Based on future security issues can be

improved using emerging technologies

1.5 ACHIEVEMENT

1.6 REPORT
It generates the report on car, car company, payment.
It provides filter reports on car type, booking, customer.
You can easily export PDF for the Car, Booking, Payment.
Application also provides excel export for Car Company, Car Type, Customer.
You can also export the report into csv format for Car, Car Company, Customer.

9|Page
 CHAPTER 2 : SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

As of now the company of the owner has only practical mode of booking the travels.
As the owner has 8 cars at present running and working properly as per the customer
reviews .
After the tour and their services are good and they are true to their customer’s expectations.
Also if their tour does not contain driver pr self own driver then the company also allots
drivers where the driver has their car or any of their documents are illegal not only that but
the drivers are well experienced .
They have their terms and conditions properly mentioned in it .
If any of their rule breaks extra charges rather then booking amount is applicable.

2.2 PROBLEM WITH EXISTING SYSTEM

As everything is happening practically customer needs to make time from their schedule to
visit the main office.
The payment via cash in which the customer does not get a original copy of the payment.
Chalan are delivered offline or via sms which makes the owner to loose trust on the customer.
If they did not pay we cannot send the reminder to the customer simultaneously.

2.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The main thing of client is that they don’t have a website of their own.

This website provides easy booking and confirmation to their tour.

It helps the customer to book their car for their tour online.

The main is the chalan is sent through via Gmail or Whatsapp.

The license and the documents of the car if the car is booked for a tour then after booking.

The information of that car and documents related to it gets displayed before they are
presented practically.

10 | P a g e
The rates are fixed according to the destination no extra charges of car after being stucked in
traffic.

2.3.1ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

To provide platform to the travels and tour company

To save time of the customer and admin

This can provides easy registration and login.

Providing digital way to customer for renting cars.

Customer can rents cars for different places whenever they are.

2.4 FEASIBILITY STUDY

A Feasibility Study Can Help You Determine Whether or Not You Should Proceed withYour
Project. It Is Essential to Evaluate The Cost And Benefit Of The Proposed System.Types Of
the Feasibility Study Are Taken Into Consideration

2.4.1 Technical Feasibility:

A technical feasibility study examines how to you intend to customers. Think about the
materials, labor, transportation where your business will be locked , and the technology that
will be needed to bring it all together. The researchers involved in this project will go through
the same process, as the system progresses, the researchers will move forward in the same
way.

It is also important to check the state of the software and hardware because the development
of these things. Each time the researchers develop a system and put all their education into
practice.

2.4.2 Economic Feasibility:

One of our top priorities is to adjust each package to offer our customers exactly what they
need. We offer a variety of options that can enhance your experience. The economic
feasibility stage of business development is the period during which the business venture
develops an intermittent financial model that is sufficient to take the product from the idea to
the market and meet the needs of the loan or investment. To a certain extent they are
associated with getting sales

11 | P a g e
2.4.3 Operational Feasibility:

The main purpose of this project is to provide a system that is useful and beneficial to the
client. All the requirement are required for client applications. As such , the system collects
information from the user and generates reports so that the client can monitor their entire
vehicle, drivers and booking transaction information.

2.5 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

• In project management, a cost-benefit analysis is used to evaluate the cost versus the
benefits in your project proposal It begins with a list, as so many processes do.

• The purpose of cost-benefit analysis in project management is to have a systemic approach

to figure out the pluses and minuses of various paths through a project, including
transactions, tasks, business requirements, and investments.

• Direct Cost Would Be Application or Website Hosting Costs, Internet Costs, Paper Work,
And Most Important Time. The Indirect Cost Would Be Electricity Used in Project

• Benefits Would Be Great Response from Users When a Large Number Of Users Will Use
the website.

2.6 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

The requirements specification thus describes the “what” of the project and the functional
specification describes the “how”. To fully understand one’s project, it is very important that
they come up with a requirement specification listing out how are they going to meet them
and how one will they complete the project

Requirements Analysis is the first stage in the systems engineering process and software
development process. Requirements analysis in systems engineering and software
engineering encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet
for a new or altered product, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the
various stakeholders, such as beneficiaries or users

12 | P a g e
 A requirements specification is a description of a system to be developed. It lays out
functional and non-functional requirements and may include a set of use cases that describe
user interactions that the software must provide

2.7 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

• The User Should Have Windows 7 Or above.

• Android Users Should Have Android 6 Or Above

• The System Should Have a Minimum of 2GB Ram or above

• Internet Connectivity Is a Must for This Purpose.

• CPU With a Speed Of 1.3Ghz Is a Good Choice for Normal Usage

• Hard disk required minimum64 Gb and above.

• Processor required minimum i5 core

2.8 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

2.8.1 Front end
• HTML: -

The Hypertext Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents
designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.HTML elements
are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other objects
such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered

HTML Advantages:

There are numerous advantages to using HTML when creating a web page. Several examples
include the following:

• Widely used programming language with a sizable community of users.

• Runs on every web browser.

• Utilizes a clean and consistent markup.

• Completely open-source and free.

13 | P a g e
• Completely open-source and free as with anything that has an advantage, HTML has a few
negatives that you should consider as well. HTML Disadvantages:

• Is mostly used for static web pages

• Each web page must be built independently, even if they share parts and tags.

• If you are using an outdated browser, freshly generated tags may not be rendered correctly.

• CSS:-

CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a design language that simplifies making web pages
presentable. Selectors are used to picking elements and applying styles to them. This is
especially important for browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Edge, designed to deliver
documents to screens, printers, and projectors visually.CSS is widely used because it saves
time, has easy maintenance, offers selectors, text effects,

• CSS is an extremely powerful style sheet language that is used to manage the appearance
and feel of HTML content. CSS Ensures Design and Update Efficiency CSS enables us to
construct rules and apply them to a variety of website elements. This strategy has numerous
advantages when a client requests a site-wide update.

• Because the text is fully independent of the design, we can make modifications to our Style
Sheet and have them take effect across all applicable instances. CSS Use May Result in
Quicker Page Downloads Because the browser only downloads the rules once and then
caches and reuses them for each page load, the adoption of CSS can result in faster page
loads and enhanced performance. This results in a smaller server load and fewer
requirements, which ultimately saves our clients money.

• CSS Is Simple to Use Because we can keep all visual aspects of the website separate from
the content, we can swiftly construct layouts and troubleshoot any issues. We know that
regardless of the page, all elements are controlled by single (or multiple) style sheets. These
are just a few of the reasons we choose CSS.

• JAVASCRIPT:-

14 | P a g e
JavaScript is a scripting language used to develop web pages. Developed in Netscape, JS
allows developers to create a dynamic and interactive web page to interact with visitors and
execute complex actions. It also enables users to load content into a document without
reloading the entire page. Most websites use JavaScript for validation and to support external
applications, including PDF documents widgets, flash applications. Some of the world’s
largest tech companies use JavaScript to better the user experience.

JavaScript might be a client-side scripting language, inferring that the client's browser
handles ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) text file
processing rather than an online server. With the aid of JavaScript, this can load the webpage
without contacting the primary server

For instance, a JavaScript function might verify that all the required fields are filled out on an
online form before it is submitted. The JavaScript code can output an error message before
any data is sent to the server

• Though it supports the classic servers and systems, its growth is not parallel to the
technological growth of the current industry standard

2.9 OTHER REQUIREMENT

• IDE:

(Integrated Development Environment)

MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO CODE: -

15 | P a g e
Visual Studio Code combines the simplicity of a source code editor with powerful developer
tooling, like IntelliSense code completion and debugging.

First and foremost, it is an editor that gets out of your way. The delightfully frictionless edit-
build-debug cycle means less time fiddling with your environment, and more time executing
your ideas. At its heart, Visual Studio Code features a lightning-fast source code editor,
perfect for day-to-day use. With support for hundreds of languages, VS Code helps you be
instantly productive with syntax highlighting, bracket-matching, auto-indentation, box
selection, snippets, and more. Intuitive keyboard shortcuts, easy customization, and
community-contributed keyboard shortcut mappings let you navigate your code with ease.

Visual Studio Code supports macOS, Linux, and Windows - so you can hit the ground
running, no matter the platform

2.10 PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

Planning and scheduling are distinct but inseparable aspects of managing a successful project.
The process of planning primarily deals with selecting the appropriate policies and
procedures in order to achieve the objectives of the project. Scheduling converts the project
action plans for scope, time cost, and quality into an operating timetable.

The translating of the project criteria for scope, time, cost, and quality and the requirements
for human resources, communications, risk, and procurement into workable “machinery” for
the project team is a critical interface juncture for the project team. Taken together with the
project plan and budget, the schedule becomes the major tool for the management of projects.
In addition, the integrated cost-time schedule serves as the fundamental basis for monitoring
and controlling project activity throughout its life cycle.

The phase is a 4 step framework designed to help project managers guide their projects
successfully from start to finish the purpose of the scheduling phase is to create an easy-to-
follow

1. Initiation phase:
Initiation phase defines those processes that are required to start a new project the
purpose of the project initiation phase is to determine what the project should accomplish
2. Planning phase:
Project planning phase covers about 50% of the whole process it determines the scope of
the project as well as the objective of the project it begins with the outputs of the

16 | P a g e
 initiation phase the output of the planning phase serves as the input for the execution
phase
3. Execution phase:
The executing phase consists of those activities that are defined in the project
management plan. This process involves managing stakeholder exceptions and
coordinating with people and resources
4. Closing phase:
Closing phase is the process that performs a controlled shutdown of the project at the end
during the final closure to completion phase the emphasis is on a webpage that is
completely running on every device and also examining what went well

2.10.1 WATERFALL MODEL

Basic waterfall model for software development

The design Waterfall approach the was first SDLC Model to be used widely in Software
Engineering to ensure the success of the project. In "The Waterfall" approach, the whole
process of software development is divided into separate phases. In this Waterfall model,
typically, the outcome of one phase acts as the input for the next phase sequentially. The
following illustration is a representation of the different phases of the Waterfall Model

17 | P a g e
The sequential phases in the Waterfall model are –

• Requirement Gathering and analysis − All possible requirements of the system to be

developed are captured in this phase and documented in a requirement specification
document.

• System Design − The requirement specifications from the first phase are studied in this
phase and the system design is prepared. This system design helps in specifying hardware and
system requirements and helps in defining the overall system architecture.

• Implementation – With inputs from the system design, the system is first developed in small
programs called units, which are integrated into the next phase. Each unit is developed and
tested for its functionality, which is referred to as Unit Testing.

• Testing − All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated into a system
after testing each unit. Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and failures.

• Deployment of system − Once the functional and non-functional testing is done; the product
is deployed in the customer environment or released into the market.

18 | P a g e
• Maintenance – Some issues come up in the client environment. To fix those issues, patches
are released. Also to enhance the product some better versions are released. Maintenance is
done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.

Advantages of the Waterfall Model are as follows –

• Simple and easy to understand and use

• Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model. Each phase has specific deliverables and a
review process.

• Phases are processed and completed one at a time.

• Works well for smaller projects where requirements are very well understood.

• Clearly defined stages.

• Well-understood milestones.

• Easy to arrange tasks.

• Process and results are well documented

The disadvantage of waterfall development is that it does not allow much reflection or
revision. Once an application is in the testing stage, it is very difficult to go back and change
something that was not well-documented or thought upon in the concept stage.

The major disadvantages of the Waterfall Model are as follows –

• No working software is produced until late during the life cycle.

• High amounts of risk and uncertainty.

• Not a good model for complex and object-oriented projects.

• Poor model for long and ongoing projects.

• Not suitable for projects where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing. So,
risk and uncertainty are high with this process model.

• It is difficult to measure progress within stages.

19 | P a g e
• Cannot accommodate changing requirements.

• Adjusting scope during the life cycle can end a project.

• Integration is done as a "big bang. at the very end, which doesn't allow identifying any
technological or business bottleneck or challenges early

20 | P a g e
 CHAPTER 3 : SYSTEM DESIGN

Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, product design, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design could
be seen as the application of systems theory to product development

Architectural Design
The architectural design of a system emphasizes the design of the system architecture that
describes the structure, behaviour, and more views of that system and analysis.

Logical Design
The logical design of a system pertains to an abstract representation of the data flows,
inputs, and outputs of the system. This is often conducted via modelling, using an over
abstract (and sometimes graphical) model of the actual system. In the context of systems,

21 | P a g e
 designs are included. The logical design includes entity-relationship diagrams (ER
diagrams)

Physical Design
The physical design relates to the actual input and output processes of the system. This is
explained in terms of how data is input into a system, how it is verified/authenticated,
how it is processed, and how it is displayed. In physical design, the following
requirements of the system are decided

• Input requirement
• Output requirements
• Storage requirements
• Processing requirements
• System control and backup or recovery

3.1 BASIC MODULE

Car Management Module : Used for managing the car details.
Customer Module :Used for managing the details of Customer.
Payment Module :Used for managing the details of Payment.
Car Company Management Module : Used for managing the information details of the
car company.
Car Type Module :Used for managing the Car Type Details
Booking Module :Used for managing the Booking information
Login Module : Used for managing the login details.
Users Module : Used for managing the users of the system.

3.2 DATA DESIGN

Database design is the organization of data according to a database model. The designer
determines what data must be stored and how the data elements interrelate. With this
information, they can begin to fit the data into the database model. Database management
system manages the data according

3.2.1 DATA INTEGRITY AND CONSTRAINTS

22 | P a g e
 Data integrity and constraints are sets of rules.
It is used to maintain the quality of information stored in a database.
Integrity constraints ensure that the data insertion, updating, and other processes have to
be performed in such a way that data integrity is not affected.
Thus, integrity constraint is used to guard against accidental damage to the database
Types of Integrity Constraint:

1. Domain Constraint Domain constraints can be defined as the definition of a valid set of
values for an attribute. The data type of domain includes string, character, integer, time,
date, currency, etc. The value of the attribute must be available in the corresponding
domain
2. Entity Integrity Constraint The entity integrity constraint states that the primary key
value can't be null. This is because the primary key value is used to identify individual
rows in relation and if the primary key has a null value, then we can't identify those rows.
A table can contain a null value other than the primary key field.
3. Referential Integrity Constraint A referential integrity constraint is specified between
two tables. In the Referential integrity constraints, if a foreign key in Table 1 refers to the
Primary Key of Table 2, then every value of the Foreign Key in Table 1 must be null or be
available in Table 2.
4. Key Constraint Keys are the entity set that is used to identify an entity within its entity
set uniquely. An entity set can have multiple keys, but which one key will be the primary
key? A primary key can contain a unique and null value in the relational table

23 | P a g e
3.3 PROCEDURAL DESIGN

3.4 DIAGRAMS
3.4.1 USE-CASE DIAGRAM
Use case diagrams to tell us stylized stories about how end-users interact with the system
under specific sets of circumstances. These stories might be narrative texts, task outlines
or interactions, template-based descriptions, or diagrammatic representations. Use case
diagrams to depict software or systems from the end user’s point of view.
The first step in writing a use case diagram is to define the set of “actors” that will be
involved in the story. An actor is anything that communicates with the system or product
and that is external to the system itself. Once the actors have been identified, use cases
can be developed.
Symbol of use case diagram :
System
Draw the boundaries of your system using a rectangle that contains use cases placed
outside the boundaries of the system
Use Case
Draw use cases using ovals label the ovals with verbs that represent the systems function
Actors
Actors are the users of a system when one system is the actor of another system, label the
actor system with the actor stereotype
Relationships
Illustrate the relationship between an actor and a use case with a simple line for
relationships among use cases arrows labelled either “uses” relationship indicates that one
use case is needed by another to perform a task

24 | P a g e
 3.4.2 FLOWCHART
A flowchart is a diagram that depicts a process, system, or computer algorithm. They are
widely used in multiple fields to document, study, plan, improve and communicate often
complex processes in clear, easy-to-understand diagrams. Flowcharts, sometimes spelled
as flow charts, use rectangles, ovals, diamonds, and potentially numerous other shapes to
define the type of step, along with connecting arrows to define flow and sequence.
They can range from simple, hand-drawn charts to comprehensive computer-drawn
diagrams depicting multiple steps and routes. If we consider all the various forms of
flowcharts, they are one of the most common diagrams on the planet, used by both
technical and non-technical people in numerous fields.
Symbols of flow charts
• The oval
The terminator is used to represent the start and end of a process use the cliffy flow chart
tool to drag and drop one of these remember to use the same symbol again to show that
your flowchart is complete
• The Rectangle

25 | P a g e
 The rectangle is your go-to symbol once you started flowcharting it represents any step in
the process you’re diagramming and is the workhorse of the flowchart diagram. use
rectangle s to capture process steps like basic tasks or actions in your process
• The Arrow
The arrow is used to guide the viewer along their flowcharting path and while there are
many different types of arrow tips to choose from, we recommend sticking with one or
two for your entire flowchart this keeps your diagram looking clean, but also allows you
to emphasize certain steps in your process
• The diamond
The diamond symbolizes that decision is required to move forward this cloud be a binary
this-or-that choice more complex decision with multiple choices makes sure that your
capture each possible choice within your diagram

3.4.3 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

26 | P a g e
 Activity Diagrams describe how activities are coordinated to provide a service that can be
at different levels of abstraction. Typically, an event needs to be achieved by some
operations, particularly where the operation is intended to achieve several different things
that require coordination, or how the events in a single use case relate to one another, in
particular, use cases where activities may overlap and require coordination. It is also
suitable for modelling how a collection of use cases coordinates to represent business
workflows
Activity diagrams are often used in business process modelling. They can also describe
the steps in a use case diagram. Activities model can be sequential and concurrent. In both
cases, an activity diagram will have a beginning (an initial state) and an end (a final state).
In between there are ways to depict activities, flows, decisions, guards, merge and time
events, and more. Learn about activity diagram symbols below:
Basic Activity Diagram Notations and Symbols
1. Initial state :- Initial State or Start Point A small filled circle followed by an arrow
represents the initial action state or the start point for any activity diagram. For the
activity diagram using swim lanes, make sure the start point is placed in the top left
corner of the first column.
2. Action box :- An action state represents the non-interruptible action of objects. You can
draw an action state in Smart Draw using a rectangle with a rounded corner
3. decision box A diamond represents a decision with alternate paths. When an activity
requires a decision before moving on to the next activity, add a diamond between the two
activities. The outgoing alternates should be labelled with a condition or guard
expression. You can also label one of the paths "else”.

27 | P a g e
 3.4.4 ER DIAGRAM
An entity relationship diagram (ERD), also known as an entity-relationship model, is a
graphical representation that depicts relationships among people, objects, places,
concepts, or events within an information technology (IT) system
Entity relationships consist of information required for each entity or data. object as well
as shows the relationships among the objects.
They show the structure of data in terms of tables.
They consist of entities, attributes, and relationships between entities.
An ER Diagram is a visual representation of data that describes how data is related to
each other.
ER models are mostly developed for designing relational databases in terms of concept
visualization and terms of physical database design

28 | P a g e
 • Entity –
It may be an object, person, place, or event that stores data in a database. In a relationship
diagram, an entity is represented in rectangle form. For example, students, employees,
managers, etc.
• Entity set
It is a collection of entities of the same type which share similar properties. For example,
a group of students in a college and students is an entity set. The entity is characterized
into two types as follows –
o Strong entity set
o Weak entity set

• Strong entity set

The entity types which consist of key attributes or if there are enough attributes for
forming a primary key attribute are called a strong entity set. It is represented by a single
rectangle
• Weak entity set
An entity does not have a primary key attribute and depends on another strong entity via a
foreign key attribute. It is represented by a double rectangle.
• Attributes It is the name, thing, etc. These are the data characteristics of entities or data
elements and data fields. Types of attributes –
o The types of attributes in the Entity Relationship (ER) model are as follows –
o Single value attribute − These attributes contain a single value. For example, age,
salary, etc.
o Multivalued attributes − They contain more than one value of a single entity. For
example, phone numbers.
o Composite attribute − The attributes which can be further divided. For example, Name-
> First name, Middle name, last name
o Derived attribute − The attribute that can be derived from others. For example, Date of
Birth.

29 | P a g e
 3.4.5 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
-The sequence diagram is a good diagram to document a system’s requirement and to
flush out a system’s design.
- The reason sequence diagrams are so useful is because it shows the interaction logic
between the objects in the system in the time that the interaction takes place.
-It is a good way to visualize and validate runtime scenarios.
- It is used to show the dynamic communication between objects during the execution of
a task.
- It shows the temporal order in which messages are sent between the objects to
accomplish that task.
- The system behaviour is predicted and the sequence diagram helps to discover
responsibilities that a class may need to have in the process of modelling a new system.
30 | P a g e
 - A sequence diagram is a Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagram that illustrates
the sequence of messages between objects in an interaction.
-A sequence diagram consists of a group of objects that are represented by lifelines, and
the messages that they exchange over time during the interaction

3.5 USER INTERFACE DESIGN

31 | P a g e