Razelle Joy C.

Rodriguez November 26, 2021

BSN – 1NB

Laboratory Assignment

1. Since the uterine tubes are not continuous with the ovaries, how can you explain

the fact that all ovulated "eggs" do not end up in the female's peritoneal cavity?

• In case you're unfamiliar, uterine tubes, oviducts, and fallopian tubes are

female structures that transfer eggs from the ovary to the uterus each month.

In the presence of sperm and fertilization, the uterine tubes transport the

fertilized egg to the uterus for implantation. The peritoneal cavity, on the other

hand, is a possible gap between the parietal and visceral layers of the

peritoneum. The mesothelial cells that line the peritoneum release a little

quantity of serous peritoneal fluid, which fills the cavity.

Uterine tubes, oviducts, and fallopian tubes are the female structures that

transfer the eggs from the ovary to the uterus each month. In the presence of

sperm and fertilization, the uterine tubes transport the fertilized egg to the

uterus for implantation. The ovulated "eggs" do not end up in the female's

peritoneal cavity due to the fimbriae of the uterine tube, which are the ends of

the fallopian tubes via which the eggs go from the ovaries to the uterus. As the

egg is released during ovulation, it is held by the fimbriae, which are finger-like

extensions on the end of the fallopian tubes that form a funnel-like repository
 called the infundibulum. As a result, the ovulated "eggs" do not end up in the

peritoneal cavity.

2. What anterior pituitary hormones cause follicle development and ovulation to

occur in the ovary? What is a follicle? What is ovulation?

• GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to produce follicle stimulating hormone

(FSH), a hormone that promotes follicle (egg) growth and increases estrogen

levels in women. Follicles are sacs in your ovaries that carry eggs. During this

stage of your cycle, the follicles you choose for that month begin to enlarge.

The follicular phase begins on the first day of your menstruation and ends with

ovulation. Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary. Those six

days are critical because the egg can be fertilized for up to 24 hours after it is

released..

3. List and describe the events of the menstrual cycle. Why is the menstrual cycle

so important?

• The menstrual cycle is complex, and it is controlled by a number of glands and

hormones produced by these glands. Menstruation, the follicular phase,

ovulation, and the luteal phase are the four stages of the menstrual cycle.
 Menstruation is the process of removing the thicker uterine lining

(endometrium) from the body through the vaginal canal. Blood, cells from the

uterine lining (endometrial cells), and mucus are all found in menstrual fluid. A

menstruation usually lasts between three and one week. The follicular phase

starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with the release of the egg. In

response to a signal from the brain, the pituitary gland produces follicle

stimulating hormone (FSH). Each follicle contains an immature egg. In most

cases, only one follicle will grow into an egg, while the rest will die. This might

happen around day 10 of a 28-day cycle. The enlargement of the follicles

stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for a prospective

pregnancy. Ovulation is the discharge of a developed egg from the surface of

the ovary. This usually happens around two weeks before menstruation begins,

in the middle of the cycle. This happens around 14 days before your menstrual

period starts. In a 28-day menstrual cycle, you ovulate around day 14, and your

most fertile days are days 12, 13 and 14. After ovulation (when your ovaries

produce an egg) and before your period, this is the last portion of your

menstrual cycle. The lining of your uterus thickens at this period to prepare for

a prospective pregnancy.

4. Predict the effect on the endometrium of maintaining high progesterone levels in

the circulatory system, including the time during which estrogen normally increases

following menstruation.
 • Endometrial development is totally controlled by the hormones estrogen and

progesterone. There is a drop in the rate of pregnancy when progesterone

levels rise during the termination stage of the follicular phase due to a reduction

in endometrial receptivity. The endometrial lining thickens during the luteal

phase as estrogen levels rise, preparing the endometrium for conception.

5. Ms. Y had both her left ovary and her right uterine tube removed surgically at age

17 because of a cyst and a tumor in these organs. Now, at age 32, she remains

healthy and is expecting her second child. How could Ms. X conceive a child with

just one ovary and one uterine tube, widely separated on opposite sides of the

pelvis like this?

• The tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus are known as the

fallopian tubes. Every month, an egg is released from one of the ovaries and

goes through one of the fallopian tubes, where it may or may not be fertilized

by sperm. It's almost as simple to get pregnant with one ovary as it is with two

ovaries. Despite having her left ovary and right uterine tube removed, Ms. Y is

still able to conceive (due to a cyst and tumor in these areas). This is due to the

fact that a woman can become pregnant as long as she has one working ovary

and a healthy fallopian tube.

References:
Egg Transport and fertilization: GLOWM. Global Library of Womens Medicine. (n.d.).

Retrieved November 26, 2021, from https://www.glowm.com/section-

view/heading/Egg%20Transport%20and%20Fertilization/item/316#.YaDlq9BBy01.

Better Health Channel. (2012). Menstrual cycle. Vic.gov.au.

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/menstrual-cycle

Fallopian tubes: Is pregnancy possible with only one? (n.d.). Mayo Clinic.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-

answers/pregnancy/faq-20058418 Is It Possible to Get Pregnant with One Ovary?

(n.d.). Parenting.firstcry.com. https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/is-getting-

pregnant-with-one-ovary-possible/ UCSF Health. (2019, March 14). The Menstrual

Cycle. UCSF Health. https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/the-menstrual-cycle